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Calenda - Le virtuel et ses avatars

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="fr" lang="fr"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-language" content="" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="favicon.ico" /> <title>Calenda - Le virtuel et ses avatars</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static-origin.openedition.org/openbarre_/styles/main.css?date=2018-11-06" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/screen.css" media="screen, print" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/print.css" media="print" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-ui-1.8.17.custom.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.form.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-fr.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-de.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-en.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-pt.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-es.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.sprintf.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/calenda.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/common.js"></script><!-- Social network --> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@calendaSHS" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://calenda.org/1203942" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Le virtuel et ses avatars" /> <meta property="og:description" content="La revue Implications Philosophiques lance son appel &#224; contribution d'articles pour le dossier de recherche &#171; Le virtuel et ses avatars &#187;. Ce dossier propose d'explorer les diff&#233;rentes facettes du ..." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://calenda.org/images/favicon_150x150.png" /> <meta name="DC.rights" content="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" /> <meta name="DC.creator" content="Bodon, Charles" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"></head> <body> <div id="ob-breadcrumb" class="ob-breadcrumb-calenda"> <div class="container"> <a href="https://calenda.org">Accueil</a><a href=""><span>Le virtuel et ses avatars</span></a> </div> </div><!-- breadcrumb --> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="content"> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-ui-1.8.17.custom.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.form.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-fr.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-de.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-en.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-pt.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-es.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.sprintf.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/calenda.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/common.js"></script> <div class="colwrapper"> <div id="icon" class="column"> <h2><a href="search?primary=ftype&amp;ftype=40">Appel 脿 contribution</a><span><a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=260">Pens茅e</a></span></h2> <div id="tabledates"> <h2>Dates</h2> <div class="list_dates"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="unique_date"> <div class="day"><a href="search.html?primary=fdate&amp;fyear=2025&amp;fmonth=01&amp;fday=15">15</a></div> <div class="month"><a href="search.html?primary=fdate&amp;fyear=2025&amp;fmonth=01">jan</a></div> <div class="year"><a href="search.html?primary=fdate&amp;fyear=2025">2025</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div id="listcategories"> <h2>Cat茅gories</h2> <ul> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=261">Philosophie</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=271">Sciences de l'information</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=257">Philosophie des sciences</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=263">Sciences cognitives</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=298">Humanit茅s num茅riques</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="document" class="column"> <div id="main"> <div class="titles"> <h1 class="origt"><a href="1203942">Le virtuel et ses avatars</a></h1> </div> <div class="mapuce2">*&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;*</div> <p id="pubdate"> Publi茅 le vendredi 08 novembre 2024 </p> <div id="texte"> <div id="resume"> <p class="intitule">R茅sum茅</p> <div id="resume-1203942-fr" class="tabContent" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr"> <p style="text-align: left;">La revue <a href="https://www.implications-philosophiques.org"><em>Implications Philosophiques</em></a> lance son appel &agrave; contribution d'articles pour le dossier de recherche &laquo;&nbsp;Le virtuel et ses avatars&nbsp;&raquo;. Ce dossier propose d'explorer les diff&eacute;rentes facettes du virtuel, tant dans son acception philosophique traditionnelle que dans sa r&eacute;ception r&eacute;cente en informatique. Le virtuel se pr&eacute;sente en effet aujourd'hui comme un concept &agrave; la fois riche et ambigu, mettant en question la nature des relations entre fiction, perception, et r&eacute;alit&eacute;. Les articles pourront couvrir son &eacute;volution historique, ses implications ontologiques et sociales, sa pr&eacute;sence dans les arts num&eacute;riques, ainsi que ses applications scientifiques dans les technologies contemporaines</p> </div> </div> <div id="annonce"> <p class="intitule">Annonce</p> <div id="annonce-1203942-fr" class="tabContent" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr"> <h1 class="MsoNormal" align="left">Argumentaire</h1> <p class="MsoNormal">Aujourd&rsquo;hui, le virtuel est mis &agrave; l&rsquo;honneur par les nouveaux dispositifs du num&eacute;rique et ses diff&eacute;rents produits que ce soit par les jeux vid&eacute;o, casques de r&eacute;alit&eacute; augment&eacute;e/mixte/virtuelle, simulations num&eacute;riques, ou encore les images g&eacute;n&eacute;r&eacute;es par intelligence artificielle. Terme propos&eacute; par l&rsquo;informaticien Jaron Lanier dans les ann&eacute;es 1980 pour d&eacute;crire l&rsquo;ensemble des techniques qui permettent la repr&eacute;sentation de ph&eacute;nom&egrave;nes &agrave; l&rsquo;aide de simulations num&eacute;riques, le langage courant utilise naturellement depuis le mot &laquo;&nbsp;virtuel&nbsp;&raquo; comme substantif (<em>le</em> virtuel) pour d&eacute;signer l&rsquo;espace du Web et ce qui se rapporte &agrave; l&rsquo;informatique en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Pourtant, ce qui <em>est</em>&nbsp;virtuel, en tant que pr&eacute;dicatif, est d&rsquo;abord un concept issu de la philosophie, bien qu&rsquo;il ait pris diff&eacute;rentes formes &agrave; travers son histoire. H&eacute;ritier du concept aristot&eacute;licien de <em>dunamis</em>, qui peut &ecirc;tre compris comme <em>possibilit&eacute;</em> ou <em>puissance</em>, le virtuel philosophique peut servir &agrave; d&eacute;signer une modalit&eacute; ou une potentialit&eacute; inh&eacute;rente &agrave; un objet (par exemple, l&rsquo;arbre est virtuellement contenu dans la graine). C&rsquo;est notamment au XIII<sup>e</sup>&nbsp;si&egrave;cle avec Thomas d&rsquo;Aquin que la traduction de <em>dunamis</em> par <em>virtus</em>, <em>virtualis</em> appara&icirc;t pour exprimer, d&rsquo;une part, la relation de <em>contenance </em>que des principes ont vis-&agrave;-vis de leurs effets (les principes math&eacute;matiques contiennent virtuellement les &eacute;quations qu&rsquo;ils peuvent produire, tout comme Dieu contient virtuellement toutes connaissances et la cr&eacute;ation), et, d&rsquo;autre part, la <em>diff&eacute;rence ontologique</em> entre deux &ecirc;tres et la pr&eacute;&eacute;minence de l&rsquo;un sur l&rsquo;autre. Exister virtuellement, pour Thomas d&rsquo;Aquin, c&rsquo;est en effet avoir une existence intelligible qui vient avant l&rsquo;existence actuelle. C&rsquo;est-&agrave;-dire disposer d&rsquo;une certaine<em> id&eacute;alit&eacute;</em> (ou <em>vertu</em>) par rapport &agrave; ce qui est en acte et qui se d&eacute;grade dans la sensation.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Puis, c&rsquo;est au XVII<sup>e</sup>&nbsp;si&egrave;cle avec Leibniz que le virtuel va acqu&eacute;rir une dimension logique. Notamment, dans le cadre de sa monadologie, les propositions n&eacute;cessaires et contingentes vraies &agrave; propos d&rsquo;un sujet sont consid&eacute;r&eacute;es comme <em>virtuellement identiques</em>, c&rsquo;est-&agrave;-dire formellement &eacute;quivalentes, au regard d&rsquo;un entendement capable d&rsquo;en calculer toutes les cons&eacute;quences. Mais, &eacute;galement, avec Leibniz, le virtuel commence &agrave; appara&icirc;tre comme &eacute;tant une <em>force</em> (sens que l&rsquo;on retrouve dans la racine <em>vir</em> du mot <em>virtus</em>) qui pousse &agrave; la r&eacute;alisation d&rsquo;une action. Par exemple, le sculpteur voit dans la roche une statue virtuelle, sch&eacute;matis&eacute;e, &agrave; partir des &eacute;l&eacute;ments r&eacute;els qui s&rsquo;y trouvent (lignes de la roche qui tracent un commencement de visage, mati&egrave;re et forme qui en donnent une premi&egrave;re silhouette, etc.) et qui le poussent ou le guident pour la r&eacute;aliser.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Le virtuel passe ainsi au XX<sup>e</sup>&nbsp;si&egrave;cle du plan logique et ontologique &agrave; un plan psychophysiologique. Bergson le premier montrera &agrave; travers les notions de <em>perceptions virtuelles</em>, <em>actions virtuelles</em>, et <em>images virtuelles</em>, que le virtuel se pr&eacute;sente comme un fond mental projet&eacute; sur le monde et &agrave; partir duquel se d&eacute;ploient des esquisses, c&rsquo;est-&agrave;-dire les actions possibles du corps ainsi que ses relations avec les autres objets, avant leur r&eacute;alisation. Ce sont ensuite les ph&eacute;nom&eacute;nologues tels que Merleau-Ponty et m&eacute;taphysiciens comme Deleuze qui prolongeront ces analyses en faisant du virtuel un <em>espace</em> non pas fictif, ni seulement possible, mais plut&ocirc;t <em>latent</em> et dans lequel des mouvements abstraits, ceux d&rsquo;un <em>sch&eacute;ma corporel</em> ou <em>d&rsquo;objets mentaux projet&eacute;s</em>, ont la capacit&eacute; de se d&eacute;terminer en un objet actuel. Deleuze affirmera notamment dans <em>Diff&eacute;rence et R&eacute;p&eacute;tition</em> (1968) une nouvelle distinction selon laquelle le <em>virtuel </em>ne s&rsquo;oppose pas au <em>r&eacute;el</em>, mais plus exactement &agrave; l&rsquo;<em>actuel</em>, et le <em>r&eacute;el</em> quant &agrave; lui comme ce qui s&rsquo;oppose au <em>possible</em>. Le <em>possible</em> pouvant encore se distinguer du <em>virtuel </em>par le fait que ce qui est possible se r&eacute;alise de mani&egrave;re uniforme (ou cela se r&eacute;alise, ou cela ne se r&eacute;alise pas), l&agrave; o&ugrave; ce qui est virtuel dispose d&rsquo;une multir&eacute;alisabilit&eacute;&nbsp;(c&rsquo;est toujours plusieurs actions et objets possibles qui se projettent dans un espace virtuel, bien que ce ne soit qu&rsquo;une seule action qui finisse par se r&eacute;alise effectivement).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">&Agrave; travers ce bref historique, on voit que le virtuel h&eacute;rite de multiples acceptions qui tracent de nombreuses pistes de compr&eacute;hension possibles, mais parfois contradictoires entre elles, et dont l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;unit&eacute; met en relief le caract&egrave;re proprement ambigu de la virtualit&eacute;. Souvent associ&eacute; &agrave; la <em>fiction</em>, au <em>non-&ecirc;tre</em>, au <em>possible</em>, mais &eacute;galement &agrave; la <em>force</em>, la <em>vertu</em>, &agrave; l&rsquo;<em>identit&eacute;</em>, &agrave; l&rsquo;<em>espace</em>, &agrave; l&rsquo;<em>action</em> ou &agrave; la <em>perception</em>, et, bien s&ucirc;r, &agrave; l&rsquo;<em>image</em>, ce concept semble se pr&eacute;senter comme une expression &agrave; l&rsquo;extension ind&eacute;termin&eacute;e, presque &agrave; la mani&egrave;re d&rsquo;une facilit&eacute; rh&eacute;torique permettant de r&eacute;pondre &agrave; tout type de contradiction entre possible et r&eacute;el. Pourtant, le virtuel semble tout de m&ecirc;me disposer d&rsquo;un caract&egrave;re propre&nbsp;et suivre la logique du &laquo;&nbsp;ni&hellip; ni&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp;: ni seulement possible, ni tout &agrave; fait r&eacute;el ou actuel, toujours d&eacute;j&agrave; pr&eacute;sent tout &eacute;tant jamais pleinement r&eacute;alis&eacute;, le virtuel s&rsquo;ins&egrave;re comme un interstice, un interm&eacute;diaire, ou un processus entre les extr&eacute;mit&eacute;s ontologiques (entre possibilit&eacute; et r&eacute;alit&eacute;, &ecirc;tre et non-&ecirc;tre, pr&eacute;sence et absence, visible et invisible, etc.).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">La question du virtuel qui se pose alors est celle de sa logique et de son ontologie&nbsp;: <em>qu&rsquo;en est-il de sa r&eacute;alit&eacute;&nbsp;?</em> Si le virtuel est avec l&rsquo;actuel l&rsquo;une des deux faces de la r&eacute;alit&eacute;, o&ugrave; commence l&rsquo;un et o&ugrave; s&rsquo;arr&ecirc;te l&rsquo;autre&nbsp;? Comment faire droit &agrave; cette structure chiasmatique de la relation entre r&eacute;alit&eacute; et possibilit&eacute; qu&rsquo;il semble incarner, sans tomber dans des facilit&eacute;s oxymoriques telles que celles de &laquo;&nbsp;r&eacute;alit&eacute; virtuelle&nbsp;&raquo; ou de &laquo;&nbsp;virtualisation de la r&eacute;alit&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;, si souvent employ&eacute;es aujourd&rsquo;hui&nbsp;? Enfin, quelle forme prend la relation entre r&eacute;el et virtuel&nbsp;? Faut-il n&eacute;cessairement en parler en des termes moraux (le r&eacute;el comme v&eacute;rit&eacute; dont on peut faire l&rsquo;exp&eacute;rience, face au virtuel comme fiction d&eacute;r&eacute;alisante) et hi&eacute;rarchiques (par exemple, &agrave; travers la progressive colonisation du r&eacute;el par les objets connect&eacute;s)&nbsp;? Ou, au contraire, le virtuel joue-t-il aujourd&rsquo;hui un nouveau r&ocirc;le constitutif et g&eacute;n&eacute;rateur de r&eacute;alit&eacute;(s) sociale(s), comme on peut le voir, notamment, &agrave; travers les r&eacute;seaux sociaux et l&rsquo;av&egrave;nement des assistants virtuels du type de ChatGPT&nbsp;?</p> <p class="MsoNormal">La deuxi&egrave;me moiti&eacute; du XX<sup>e</sup>&nbsp;si&egrave;cle essayera de mettre &agrave; jour cette ambig&uuml;it&eacute; que la virtualit&eacute; impose &agrave; la r&eacute;alit&eacute;, notamment par une critique de la technologie num&eacute;rique qui lui est associ&eacute;e.&nbsp;On pensera &agrave; cet &eacute;gard, entre autres, aux travaux de G&uuml;nther Anders dans <em>L&rsquo;Obsolescence de l&rsquo;Homme</em> (1956), Jean Baudrillard dans <em>Simulacres et simulation</em> (1981), et plus r&eacute;cemment les &eacute;tudes de Bernard Stiegler &agrave; travers les trois tomes parus chez Fayard de <em>La technique et le temps</em> (2018). Ces auteurs mettront d&rsquo;abord en garde contre la &laquo;&nbsp;fant&ocirc;misation du monde&nbsp;&raquo;, c&rsquo;est-&agrave;-dire l&rsquo;effacement progressif de la pr&eacute;sence du r&eacute;el qui s&rsquo;op&egrave;re par la technique moderne (par exemple, &agrave; travers l&rsquo;&eacute;mergence des t&eacute;l&eacute;communications et de la t&eacute;l&eacute;vision), ainsi que contre l&rsquo;automatisation de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; et le contr&ocirc;le des affects et du symbolique instaur&eacute; par les &laquo;&nbsp;industries de l&rsquo;esprit&nbsp;&raquo; (GAFAM). Mais, &eacute;galement, ces approches tenteront d&rsquo;interroger les nouveaux types de milieux co-constitu&eacute;s par les op&eacute;rations et relations que l&rsquo;on peut trouver entre outils num&eacute;riques et organismes (couplages organiques et m&eacute;caniques entre sujets-artefacts, imaginaires &agrave; l&rsquo;&oelig;uvre dans les fictions virtuelles, r&ocirc;le du d&eacute;sir dans l&rsquo;interaction humain-machine, etc.).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">C&rsquo;est ensuite au XXI<sup>e</sup>&nbsp;si&egrave;cle que le traitement philosophique du virtuel prendra un tournant r&eacute;aliste. De nouveaux travaux de recherches tenteront en effet de r&eacute;investir ce concept en prenant en compte les progr&egrave;s technologiques et leur h&eacute;ritage philosophique, bien que toutes les positions ne s&rsquo;accordent pas toujours entre elles.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">On mentionnera en ce sens les approches historiques de Marcello Vitali-Rosati (2012) et de Marc Parmentier (2023) qui exposent et mettent en relation les nombreuses acceptions du virtuel &agrave; travers l&rsquo;histoire de la philosophie. Ces approches comparatives s&rsquo;interrogent sur les alt&eacute;rations que ce concept a pu subir &agrave; travers ses diff&eacute;rentes traductions (tant dans l&rsquo;histoire de la philosophie que dans son acception r&eacute;cente en informatique), mais &eacute;galement sur l&rsquo;unit&eacute; de sens que ce concept peut avoir aujourd&rsquo;hui au regard de cet h&eacute;ritage.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">On trouve &eacute;galement de nouveaux d&eacute;bats quant &agrave; l&rsquo;ontologie et le r&eacute;alisme des entit&eacute;s virtuelles. Par exemple, chez David Chalmers (2022) qui soutient la r&eacute;alit&eacute; pleine et enti&egrave;re des entit&eacute;s virtuelles tout en reprenant &agrave; nouveau frais la question &laquo;&nbsp;Sommes-nous dans une simulation&nbsp;?&nbsp;&raquo; sur fond d&rsquo;argument cart&eacute;sien du r&ecirc;ve et d&rsquo;hypoth&egrave;se du Malin G&eacute;nie. En opposition, l&rsquo;apport r&eacute;cent du Nouveau R&eacute;alisme, &agrave; travers les travaux de Maurizio Ferraris (2014, 2021) et Markus Gabriel (2018, 2023), notamment, insiste davantage sur le caract&egrave;re normatif et social du virtuel. En visant &agrave; &eacute;liminer ce qu&rsquo;il juge &ecirc;tre un prolongement de caricatures postmodernistes, le Nouveau R&eacute;alisme tente ainsi de red&eacute;finir les effets de la fiction et de r&eacute;harmoniser les objets et concepts qui composent les champs du virtuel (intelligence artificielle et pens&eacute;e humaine, documents num&eacute;riques et &eacute;criture traditionnelle, avatars virtuels et r&eacute;seaux sociaux, etc.) en faisant droit &agrave; leurs normes et grammaires respectives.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">D&rsquo;autres perspectives prenant plus sp&eacute;cifiquement appui sur les notions techniques propres &agrave; l&rsquo;informatique ou celles d&rsquo;ing&eacute;nierie du Web, comme celles de Brian C. Smith (1996), Pierre L&eacute;vy (1998), et d&rsquo;Alexandre Monnin (2014) ont &eacute;galement pu voir le jour. Ces approches se fondent notamment sur l&rsquo;analyse des diff&eacute;rents proc&eacute;d&eacute;s techniques (virtualisation, programmation) et standards informatiques (URI, ressources, langages et ontologies) pour en tirer ensuite les lignes d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation philosophiques qui permettent d&rsquo;en restituer la r&eacute;alit&eacute; technique et sociale.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Enfin, toute la dimension esth&eacute;tique et herm&eacute;neutique du virtuel prend &eacute;videmment aujourd&rsquo;hui un nouvel essor avec l&rsquo;arriv&eacute;e r&eacute;cente des technologies g&eacute;n&eacute;ratives (IAs, <em>text-to-video, prompting, deepfake</em>). Celle-ci pose notamment de nouvelles questions quant &agrave; la nature des &oelig;uvres que le virtuel permet de produire, mais, &eacute;galement, quant &agrave; la m&eacute;diation et r&eacute;ception de celles-ci &agrave; travers les nouveaux supports num&eacute;riques (ordinateurs, tablettes, &eacute;crans, textes num&eacute;riques).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">On voit donc que le virtuel, loin d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre seulement un effet de mode aujourd&rsquo;hui, am&egrave;ne avec lui une large extension de domaines philosophiques qui peuvent s&rsquo;en saisir et en quoi ce concept permet la communication de ces domaines entre eux. Les contributions pourront donc s&rsquo;inscrire dans les quatre pistes de travail suivantes, sans toutefois s&rsquo;y restreindre, et lesquelles permettent bien s&ucirc;r la communication&nbsp;entre elles&nbsp;:</p> <h3 class="MsoNormal">Approches d&eacute;finitionnelles et historiques du virtuel</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Les contributions pourront ici s&rsquo;interroger sur les enjeux de traductions du concept, ainsi que les pertes, gains, et transformations qui ont pu avoir lieu d&rsquo;un auteur &agrave; l&rsquo;autre &agrave; travers l&rsquo;histoire de la philosophie ou chez un auteur en particulier. Une approche critique peut &eacute;galement &ecirc;tre envisag&eacute;e, visant &agrave; faire la comparaison entre le sens historique philosophique du concept et le nouveau sens contemporain propre aux technologies du num&eacute;rique (World Wide Web, Internet, IAs, etc.). &Eacute;galement, une perspective fournissant les distinctions conceptuelles entre les diff&eacute;rents degr&eacute;s de virtualit&eacute; (r&eacute;alit&eacute; virtuelle, r&eacute;alit&eacute; augment&eacute;e, r&eacute;alit&eacute; mixte, m&eacute;tavers) peut faire l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une enqu&ecirc;te.</p> <h3 class="MsoNormal">Approches ontologiques et r&eacute;alistes du virtuel</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Les contributions pourront viser &agrave; rendre compte de la position d&rsquo;un auteur ou du d&eacute;bat sur le sujet, ou proposer l&rsquo;analyse de l&rsquo;ambig&uuml;it&eacute; du concept et de ses entit&eacute;s. Ces contributions pourront notamment s&rsquo;attarder sur les diff&eacute;rences de nuances et de r&eacute;alit&eacute; que l&rsquo;on trouve non seulement entre les objets virtuels et les objets r&eacute;els, mais &eacute;galement entre les objets virtuels&nbsp;<em>entre eux</em> (notamment entre objets virtuels mentaux et objets virtuels informatiques). De m&ecirc;me, pourront-elles s&rsquo;int&eacute;resser au statut proprement logique du virtuel et &agrave; son positionnement d&rsquo;interm&eacute;diaire entre possibilit&eacute; et r&eacute;alit&eacute; que ce soit sur le plan cognitif, informatique ou conceptuel.</p> <h3 class="MsoNormal">Approches esth&eacute;tiques du virtuel</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Les contributions pourront ici proposer deux pistes non mutuellement exclusives. D&rsquo;abord, l&rsquo;analyse de la question de l&rsquo;appara&icirc;tre du virtuel ainsi que ses propri&eacute;t&eacute;s &agrave; travers les diff&eacute;rents m&eacute;dias. Ensuite, l&rsquo;h&eacute;ritage en histoire de l&rsquo;art dont proc&egrave;dent les nouvelles pratiques artistiques g&eacute;n&eacute;ratives (par exemple, &agrave; travers le rapport entre arts picturaux et infographies, cin&eacute;ma et jeux vid&eacute;o, etc.), ce qu&rsquo;elles y changent ou ce qu&rsquo;elles en prolongent.</p> <h3 class="MsoNormal">Approches appliqu&eacute;es du virtuel</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Les contributions pourront ici sp&eacute;cifiquement se concentrer sur la dimension informatique et physique du virtuel. Elles pourront par exemple &ecirc;tre amen&eacute;es &agrave; travailler sur les notions d&rsquo;ing&eacute;nieries (ressources web, langages de programmation, logiciels, simulations et ontologies informatiques, etc.) dans la perspective de pr&eacute;ciser le sens de la virtualit&eacute; de leurs objets, ou encore, de mettre en perspective en quoi l&rsquo;informatique acquiert aujourd&rsquo;hui son statut scientifique eut &eacute;gard &agrave; l&rsquo;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t &eacute;pist&eacute;mique que les objets virtuels peuvent apporter (par exemple, &agrave; travers la simulation et la mod&eacute;lisation 3D). &Eacute;galement, elles pourront viser &agrave; montrer en quel sens le virtuel peut servir le discours de la physique contemporaine, notamment relativement aux entit&eacute;s et &eacute;tats quantiques.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Sans &ecirc;tre obligatoire, la bibliographie sert de piste de r&eacute;f&eacute;rences et doit en ce sens permettre aux contributeurs de renseigner et enrichir leur production. Toutes autres contributions en rapport avec le sujet et s&rsquo;inscrivant dans l&rsquo;une ou plusieurs des pistes de recherches sugg&eacute;r&eacute;es &eacute;tant &eacute;galement acceptables.</p> <h1 class="MsoNormal">Modalit&eacute;s de soumission</h1> <p class="MsoNormal">Les propositions de contributions doivent &ecirc;tre envoy&eacute;es &agrave; l&rsquo;adresse suivante&nbsp;: <strong>Charles.Bodon@univ-paris1.fr</strong></p> <h3 class="MsoNormal">avant le 15 janvier 2025</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Les propositions ne devront pas d&eacute;passer 750 mots et pr&eacute;ciseront le titre, l&rsquo;axe dans lequel elles s&rsquo;inscrivent, et cinq mots-cl&eacute;s. Elles doivent &ecirc;tre envoy&eacute;es dans un document PDF pour &ecirc;tre examin&eacute;es par les coordinateurs de l&rsquo;AAC.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Les articles r&eacute;dig&eacute;s ne devront pas d&eacute;passer les 10&nbsp;000 mots, bibliographie, notes et espaces compris.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Ils devront respecter les normes de pr&eacute;sentation de la revue, disponibles sur la page suivante&nbsp;: <a href="https://www.implications-philosophiques.org/soumettre-un-article/">https://www.implications-philosophiques.org/soumettre-un-article/</a>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Ils doivent &ecirc;tre envoy&eacute;s dans un document .doc anonymis&eacute; pour une &eacute;valuation en double aveugle.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Merci d&rsquo;indiquer (uniquement dans le corps du mail)&nbsp;: le nom et pr&eacute;nom de l&rsquo;auteur, le titre de sa proposition, son affiliation institutionnelle, ainsi qu&rsquo;une adresse mail de contact.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Les propositions de contribution et les articles pourront &ecirc;tre r&eacute;dig&eacute;s en fran&ccedil;ais ou en anglais, bien qu&rsquo;il soit &agrave; noter que les articles en anglais ne seront accept&eacute;s que s&rsquo;ils sont r&eacute;dig&eacute;s par des auteurs et autrices anglophones natifs/natives ou dont le niveau de r&eacute;daction est au moins &eacute;quivalent, l&rsquo;&eacute;quipe de la revue ne pouvant corriger la langue ou faire appel &agrave; des correcteurs professionnels.</p> <h1 class="MsoNormal">Calendrier</h1> <ul> <li class="MsoNormal">Date limite d&rsquo;envoi des r&eacute;sum&eacute;s&nbsp;:&nbsp;15 janvier&nbsp;2025</li> <li class="MsoNormal">R&eacute;ponses aux auteurs&nbsp;:&nbsp;1<sup>er</sup> f&eacute;vrier 2025</li> <li class="MsoNormal">Envoi de l&rsquo;article enti&egrave;rement r&eacute;dig&eacute;&nbsp;:&nbsp;15 mai 2025</li> <li class="MsoNormal">Premier retour aux auteurs&nbsp;:&nbsp;Juillet 2025</li> <li class="MsoNormal">Envoi de la version finale de l&rsquo;article&nbsp;:&nbsp;15 Septembre 2025</li> <li class="MsoNormal">Publication pr&eacute;vue&nbsp;:&nbsp;Automne 2025</li> </ul> <h1 class="MsoNormal">Coordinateur</h1> <ul> <li class="MsoNormal">Charles Bodon, doctorant en philosophie contemporaine &agrave; l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; Paris 1 Panth&eacute;on-Sorbonne, rattach&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;Institut des Sciences Juridiques et Philosophiques de La Sorbonne (ISJPS), Centre de Philosophie Contemporaine (PhiCo), p&ocirc;le Exp&eacute;rience et Connaissance (EXeCO), UMR 8103, Paris 1-CNRS.</li> </ul> <h1 class="MsoNormal">Bibliographie indicative</h1> <ul> <li class="MsoNormal">Ouvrages</li> </ul> <p class="MsoNormal">Buthaud M. &amp; Varenne F. (dir.), <em>Mondes virtuels et jeux vid&eacute;o</em>, &Eacute;ditions Mat&eacute;riologiques, 2024</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Chalmers D., <em>Reality+: Virtual Worlds and the Problems of Philosophy</em>, W. W. Norton &amp; Company, 2022</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Ferrarato C., <em>Philosophie prospective du logiciel&nbsp;: une &eacute;tude simondonienne</em>, Iste &Eacute;ditions, 2019</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Ferraris M.,<strong><em> </em></strong><em>Documentalit&eacute;&nbsp;: pourquoi il est n&eacute;cessaire de laisser des traces</em>, (2009), Les &nbsp;&eacute;ditions du Cerf, 2021</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em>Ferraris M.,&Acirc;me et iPad</em>, Les Presses de l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de Montr&eacute;al, traduction de H&eacute;l&egrave;ne Beauchef et Matteo Treleani, 2014</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em>Ferraris M.,Doc-humanity, </em>Mohr Siebeck, 2022</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Gabriel M., <em>Pourquoi la pens&eacute;e humaine est in&eacute;galable</em>, JC Latt&egrave;s, 2018</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em>Gabriel M., Fictions</em>, Vrin, 2023</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Gaston-Granger G., <em>Le probable, le possible, le virtuel</em>, Odile Jacob, 1995</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Hui Y., <em>On the Existence of Digital Objects</em>, University of Minnesota Press, Mineapolis,&nbsp; London, 2016</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">L&eacute;vy P., <em>Qu&rsquo;est-ce que le virtuel&nbsp;?</em> La D&eacute;couverte, 1995</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Monnin A., <em>Vers une Philosophie du Web&nbsp;: le Web comme devenir-artefact de la philosophie (entre URIs, tags, Ontologie(s) et Ressources)</em>, Th&egrave;se, Universit&eacute; Paris 1 Panth&eacute;on-Sorbonne, 2013</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Parmentier M., <em>Archives du virtuel</em>, Vrin, 2023</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Qu&eacute;au P., <em>&Eacute;loge de la simulation</em>, &Eacute;ditions Champ Vallon, 1986</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Romele A., <em>Digital Hermeneutics: Philosophical Investigations in New Media and Technologies</em>, Routledge, 2021</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Smith B. C., <em>On the origin of objects</em>, The MIT Press, 1996</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Tisseron S., <em>Psychanalyse de l&rsquo;image&nbsp;: Des premiers traits au virtuel</em>, Librairie Arth&egrave;me Fayard/Pluriel, 2010</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Vial. S.,<em> L&rsquo;&ecirc;tre et l&rsquo;&eacute;cran. Comment le num&eacute;rique change la perception</em>, Paris, PUF, coll. &laquo;&nbsp;Hors collection&nbsp;&raquo;, 2013</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Vitali-Rosati M., <em>S&rsquo;orienter dans le virtuel</em>, Hermann &Eacute;diteurs, Collection &laquo;&nbsp;Cultures num&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo;, 2012</p> <ul> <li class="MsoNormal">Articles</li> </ul> <p class="MsoNormal">Aarseth, E. &ldquo;Doors and Perception&nbsp;: Fiction vs. Simulation in Games&rdquo;, <em>Interm&eacute;dialit&eacute;s / Intermediality</em>, (9), 2007, p.&nbsp;35-44 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.7202/1005528ar">https://doi.org/10.7202/1005528ar</a>)</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Berthoz A., Armand Amato E., Per&eacute;ny E., &laquo;&nbsp;Attention, pr&eacute;sence et engagement&nbsp;: des concepts pluriels &eacute;clair&eacute;s par la neurophysiologie en interaction avec les mondes num&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo;, <em>Interfaces num&eacute;riques</em>, no. 1, 2018</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Chalmers D., &ldquo;The Virtual and the Real&rdquo;, <em>Disputatio</em> vol.&nbsp;9, no. 46, 2017, p.&nbsp;309-352</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Declos A., &laquo;&nbsp;L&rsquo;ontologie du virtuel&nbsp;&raquo;, <em>Kl膿sis - Revue philosophique</em>, vol.&nbsp;52, 2022</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Guichard &Eacute;., &laquo;&nbsp;Parler du virtuel aux temps du nume虂rique&nbsp;&raquo;, 2019 (hal-02403360)</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Halpin H., Declerck G., &laquo;&nbsp;Ing&eacute;nierie philosophique&nbsp;: Vers une philosophie du Web&nbsp;&raquo;, <em>Intellectica. </em><em><span lang="EN-US">Revue de l&rsquo;Association pour la Recherche Cognitive</span></em><span lang="EN-US">, no. 61, 2014</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Juul J., &ldquo;Virtual Reality: Fictional all the Way Down (and that&rsquo;s OK)&rdquo;,&nbsp;<em>Disputatio&nbsp;</em>journal, 2019 (</span><a href="https://doi.org/10.2478/"><span lang="EN-US">https://doi.org/10.2478/</span></a><span lang="EN-US">)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">L&eacute;vy P., &laquo;&nbsp;L&rsquo;hypertexte, instrument et m&eacute;taphore de la communication&nbsp;&raquo;, <em>R&eacute;seaux</em>, vol.&nbsp;9, no. 46-47, 1991, p.&nbsp;59-68</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">McDonnell N., Wildman N., &ldquo;Virtual Reality: Digital or Fictional?&rdquo;, <em>Disputatio</em>, vol.&nbsp;11, no. 55, p.&nbsp;37-397, 2019</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Monnin A., Pierre Livet, &laquo; Distinguer/Expliciter. L&rsquo;ontologie du web comme ontologie d'op&eacute;ration &raquo;, <em>Intellectica</em>, 2014, p.&nbsp;59-104</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Varenne F., &laquo;&nbsp;Philosophie de la simulation et finitude&nbsp;&raquo;, <em>Revue Philosophique de la France et de </em>l&rsquo;&eacute;tranger, 2021, p.&nbsp;183-201</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Vial S., &laquo;&nbsp;Contre le virtuel&nbsp;: une d&eacute;construction&nbsp;&raquo;, <em>MEI &ndash; M&eacute;diation et information, 2014, Les territoires du virtuel</em>, no. 37, p.&nbsp;177-188</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Vitali Rosati M., &laquo;&nbsp;La virtualit&eacute; d&rsquo;internet&nbsp;: Une tentative d&rsquo;&eacute;claircissement terminologique&nbsp;&raquo;, <em>Sens public, Revue internationale</em>, 2009</p> </div> </div> <div id="categories" class="cat"> <p class="intitule">Cat茅gories</p> <ul> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=260">Pens茅e</a> (Cat茅gorie principale)</li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=259">Esprit et Langage</a> &gt; <a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=260">Pens茅e</a> &gt; <a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=261">Philosophie</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=259">Esprit et Langage</a> &gt; <a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=270">Information</a> &gt; <a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=271">Sciences de l'information</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=200">Soci茅t茅s</a> &gt; <a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=254">脡tudes des sciences</a> &gt; <a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=257">Philosophie des sciences</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=259">Esprit et Langage</a> &gt; <a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=260">Pens茅e</a> &gt; <a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=263">Sciences cognitives</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=259">Esprit et Langage</a> &gt; <a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=286">脡pist茅mologie et m茅thodes</a> &gt; <a href="search?primary=fsubject&amp;fsubject=298">Humanit茅s num茅riques</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="eventformats"><br></div> <div id="dates"> <p class="intitule">Dates</p> <ul> <li>mercredi 15 janvier 2025</li> </ul> </div> <div id="attachments"> <p class="intitule">Fichiers attach茅s</p> <ul> <li><a href="1203967?file=1" target="_blank">AAC Implications Philosophiques - Le virtuel et ses avatars, coord. Charles Bodon.pdf</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="motscles"> <p class="intitule">Mots-cl茅s</p> <ul> <li>virtuel, r茅alit茅 virtuelle, intelligence artificielle, philosophie, m茅taphysique, philosophie des sciences, esth茅tique</li> </ul> </div> <div id="contacts"> <p class="intitule">Contacts</p> <ul> <li>Charles Bodon<br/><em>courriel :</em> Charles [dot] Bodon [at] univ-paris1 [dot] fr<br/></li> </ul> </div> <div id="refurl"> <p class="intitule">URLS de r茅f茅rence</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.implications-philosophiques.org/appel-a-contributions-dossier-le-virtuel-et-ses-avatars/">Implications Philosophiques</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="source"> <p class="intitule">Source de l'information</p> <ul> <li>Charles Bodon<br/><em>courriel :</em> Charles [dot] Bodon [at] univ-paris1 [dot] fr</li> </ul> </div> <div id="license"> <p class="intitule">Licence</p> <p><a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="CC-BY-4.0" class="cc" src="images/ccby-88x31.png" /></a> Cette annonce est mise 脿 disposition selon les termes de la <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0</a>.</p> </div> <div id="citation"> <p class="intitule">Pour citer cette annonce</p> <p>Charles Bodon, 芦 Le virtuel et ses avatars 禄, <span class="category">Appel 脿 contribution</span>, <em>Calenda</em>, Publi茅 le vendredi 08 novembre 2024, <a class="url" href="https://doi.org/10.58079/12nav">https://doi.org/10.58079/12nav</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="news" class="column last"> <div id="imprimable"> <a id="impression" onclick="javascript:window.open('1203942?formatage=print', '', 'menubar=yes,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,width=800,height=600');return false;" href="1203942?formatage=print">Imprimer</a> <a id="signaler" 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