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The aim of ChEss is to determine the biogeography of deep-water chemosynthetically-driven ecosystems and to understand the processes driving them. The main objectives are to assess and explain the global diversity, distribution and abundance of species from chemosynthetic systems including hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, whale falls, sunken wood and oxygen minimum zones where they intersect the deep seafloor along certain ocean margins. ChEss follows two approaches: 1-development of a web-based relational database for all species from deep-water chemosynthetic ecosystems including taxonomical, biological, ecological and distributional data as well as information on specific samples and collections (ChEssBase -www.noc.soton.ac.uk/chess/database/database.html); 2-development of a long-term international field programme for the exploration for and investigation of novel chemosynthetically-driven communities at key locations. Finally, ChEss is also developing a strong outreach and education component. One of the recently selected key target areas for ChEss investigations, and the subject of this meeting, are the Polar regions, both Arctic and Antarctic, in conjunction with the IPY. This region has been chosen to compliment the target regions (Atlantic Equatorial Belt, SE Pacific off Chile and New Zealand; see map on poster) in order to address specific scientific questions pertinent to biogeographic and biodiversity issues. Determining the evolutionary and ecological relationships amongst the fauna of polar chemosynthetic environments is crucial to understanding the processes that shape the distribution of species from chemosynthetic ecosystems at the global scale. Several polar chemosynthetic ecosystems (both hydrothermal vents and cold seeps) have been discovered to date and projects are underway to explore them using the latest technology, including Autonomous Underwater Vehicles and ROVs. The discovery of chemosynthetic ecosystems in the Polar regions is of particular importance as ridge systems that are geographically, hydrographically and/or topographically isolated (e.g., the Eastern Arctic field area) are more likely to have developed distinctive endemic biota and ecosystems. Hypotheses relating to hydrographic, bathymetric and biogeographic barriers may be tested by studying the relationships between these and other biogeographic regions.","publication_date":"2006,,","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"38322732"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"BIOGEOGRAPHY OF DEEP-WATER CHEMOSYNTHETIC ECOSYSTEMS - A CENSUS OF MARINE LIFE FIELD PROJECT THE POLAR FIELD PROGRAMME","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [33424758]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" 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Ishman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A chemotrophic ecosystem found beneath Antarctic Ice Shelf","attachmentId":43545173,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23036844/A_chemotrophic_ecosystem_found_beneath_Antarctic_Ice_Shelf","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23036844/A_chemotrophic_ecosystem_found_beneath_Antarctic_Ice_Shelf"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="6663967" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6663967/Investigations_of_a_novel_fauna_from_hydrothermal_vents_along_the_Arctic_Mid_Ocean_Ridge_AMOR_Invited">Investigations of a novel fauna from hydrothermal vents along the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge (AMOR) (Invited</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10827676" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IdaHeleneSteen">Ida Helene Steen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Arctic deep ocean hosts a variety of habitats ranging from fairly uniform sedimentary abyssal plains to highly variable hard bottoms on mid ocean ridges, including biodiversity hotspots like seamounts and hydrothermal vents. Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are usually associated with a highly specialized fauna, and since their discovery in 1977 more than 400 species of animals have been described. This fauna includes various animal groups of which the most conspicuous and well known are annelids, mollusks and crustaceans. The newly discovered deep sea hydrothermal vents on the Mohns-Knipovich ridge north of Iceland harbour unique biodiversity. The Jan Mayen field consists of two main areas with high-temperature white smoker venting and wide areas with low-temperature seepage, located at 5-700 m, while the deeper Loki Castle vent field at 2400 m depth consists of a large area with high temperature black smokers surrounded by a sedimentary area with more diffuse low-temperature venting and barite chimneys. The Jan Mayen sites show low abundance of specialized hydrothermal vent fauna. Single groups have a few specialized representatives but groups otherwise common in hydrothermal vent areas are absent. Slightly more than 200 macrofaunal species have been identified from this vent area, comprising mainly an assortment of bathyal species known from the surrounding area. Analysis of stable isotope data also indicates that the majority of the species present are feeding on phytodetritus and/or phytoplankton. However, the deeper Loki Castle vent field contains a much more diverse vent endemic fauna with high abundances of specialized polychaetes, gastropods and amphipods. These specializations also include symbioses with a range of chemosynthetic microorganisms. Our data show that the fauna composition is a result of high degree of local specialization with some similarities to the fauna of cold seeps along the Norwegian margin and wood-falls in the abyssal Norwegian Sea. Few species are common to both the deep and the shallow vents, but some gastropod species show a structured population difference between the sites. Our data indicate that there has been a migration of vent fauna into the Arctic Ocean from the Pacific Ocean rather than from the known vent sites further south in the Atlantic Ocean. The discovery and sampling of these new arctic vent fields provide unique data to further understand the migration of vent organisms and interactions between different deep sea chemosynthetic environments. Based on the high degree of local adaptation and specialization of fauna from the studied sites we propose the AMOR to be a new zoogeographical province for vent fauna.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Investigations of a novel fauna from hydrothermal vents along the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge (AMOR) (Invited","attachmentId":48762268,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6663967/Investigations_of_a_novel_fauna_from_hydrothermal_vents_along_the_Arctic_Mid_Ocean_Ridge_AMOR_Invited","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6663967/Investigations_of_a_novel_fauna_from_hydrothermal_vents_along_the_Arctic_Mid_Ocean_Ridge_AMOR_Invited"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="20608013" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20608013/Arctic_Marine_Biodiversity_An_Update_of_Species_Richness_and_Examples_of_Biodiversity_Change">Arctic Marine Biodiversity: An Update of Species Richness and Examples of Biodiversity Change</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41945685" href="https://io-bas.academia.edu/KseniaKosobokova">Ksenia Kosobokova</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32259030" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RussellHopcroft">Russell Hopcroft</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="181529254" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AGebruk">Andrey Gebruk</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Oceanography, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Arctic Marine Biodiversity: An Update of Species Richness and Examples of Biodiversity Change","attachmentId":41462872,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20608013/Arctic_Marine_Biodiversity_An_Update_of_Species_Richness_and_Examples_of_Biodiversity_Change","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20608013/Arctic_Marine_Biodiversity_An_Update_of_Species_Richness_and_Examples_of_Biodiversity_Change"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="12821875" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12821875/Environmental_management_of_deep_sea_chemosynthetic_ecosystems_justification_of_and_considerations_for_a_spatially_based_approach">Environmental management of deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems: justification of and considerations for a spatially based approach</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38949719" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PendletonLinwood">Linwood Pendleton</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37219284" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PatrickNHalpin">Patrick N. Halpin</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31972474" href="https://tnc.academia.edu/JuanEBezauryCreel">Juan E. Bezaury-Creel</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8841186" href="https://miis.academia.edu/KristinaGjerde">Kristina Gjerde</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31911970" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SophieArnaudHaond">Sophie Arnaud-Haond</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Environmental management of deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems: justification of and considerations for a spatially based approach","attachmentId":45912472,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12821875/Environmental_management_of_deep_sea_chemosynthetic_ecosystems_justification_of_and_considerations_for_a_spatially_based_approach","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12821875/Environmental_management_of_deep_sea_chemosynthetic_ecosystems_justification_of_and_considerations_for_a_spatially_based_approach"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":38322732,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":38322732,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_38322732" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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