CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Spirit of the Confederacy - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"46ce72c3-d45c-4845-8be1-f8d0282536c6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Spirit_of_the_Confederacy","wgTitle":"Spirit of the Confederacy","wgCurRevisionId":1191080675,"wgRevisionId":1191080675,"wgArticleId":54972545,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata","Coordinates not on Wikidata","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Pages using the Kartographer extension","1908 establishments in Texas","1908 sculptures","Monuments and memorials in the United States removed during the George Floyd protests","Bronze sculptures in Texas", "Confederate States of America monuments and memorials in Texas","Outdoor sculptures in Houston","Relocated buildings and structures in Texas","Sculptures of angels","Sculptures of men in Texas","Statues in Texas","United Daughters of the Confederacy monuments and memorials","Statues removed in 2020"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Spirit_of_the_Confederacy","wgRelevantArticleId":54972545,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true}, "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":29.76028,"lon":-95.37261},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q37941782","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.kartographer.staticframe","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Spirit_of_the_Confederacy%2C_Sam_Houston_Park.JPG/1200px-Spirit_of_the_Confederacy%2C_Sam_Houston_Park.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="803"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Spirit_of_the_Confederacy%2C_Sam_Houston_Park.JPG/800px-Spirit_of_the_Confederacy%2C_Sam_Houston_Park.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="536"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Spirit_of_the_Confederacy%2C_Sam_Houston_Park.JPG/640px-Spirit_of_the_Confederacy%2C_Sam_Houston_Park.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="428"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Spirit of the Confederacy - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirit_of_the_Confederacy"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirit_of_the_Confederacy"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Spirit_of_the_Confederacy rootpage-Spirit_of_the_Confederacy skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Spirit+of+the+Confederacy" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Spirit+of+the+Confederacy" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Spirit+of+the+Confederacy" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Spirit+of+the+Confederacy" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Removal_and_relocation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Removal_and_relocation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Removal and relocation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Removal_and_relocation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Spirit of the Confederacy</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37941782#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_the_Confederacy" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Spirit_of_the_Confederacy" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_the_Confederacy"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_the_Confederacy"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Spirit_of_the_Confederacy" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Spirit_of_the_Confederacy" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&oldid=1191080675" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&id=1191080675&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpirit_of_the_Confederacy"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpirit_of_the_Confederacy"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spirit_of_the_Confederacy" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37941782" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&params=29.76028_N_95.37261_W_type:landmark_region:US-TX"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°45′37″N</span> <span class="longitude">95°22′21″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.76028°N 95.37261°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.76028; -95.37261</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bronze sculpture in Houston, Texas, erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width: 22em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Spirit of the Confederacy</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Spirit_of_the_Confederacy,_Sam_Houston_Park.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Spirit_of_the_Confederacy%2C_Sam_Houston_Park.JPG/270px-Spirit_of_the_Confederacy%2C_Sam_Houston_Park.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Spirit_of_the_Confederacy%2C_Sam_Houston_Park.JPG/405px-Spirit_of_the_Confederacy%2C_Sam_Houston_Park.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Spirit_of_the_Confederacy%2C_Sam_Houston_Park.JPG/540px-Spirit_of_the_Confederacy%2C_Sam_Houston_Park.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The monument in 2013</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-lat="29.76028" data-lon="-95.37261" data-overlays="["_37301d4f32f31c1d0eec2ae10d51427105b41c06"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/29.76028/-95.37261/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,29.76028,-95.37261,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&revid=1191080675&groups=_37301d4f32f31c1d0eec2ae10d51427105b41c06" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,29.76028,-95.37261,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&revid=1191080675&groups=_37301d4f32f31c1d0eec2ae10d51427105b41c06 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Artist</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Amateis" title="Louis Amateis">Louis Amateis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Year</th><td class="infobox-data">1908<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1908</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Medium</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Bronze_sculpture" title="Bronze sculpture">Bronze sculpture</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, Texas, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&params=29.76028_N_95.37261_W_type:landmark_region:US-TX"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°45′37″N</span> <span class="longitude">95°22′21″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.76028°N 95.37261°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.76028; -95.37261</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Spirit of the Confederacy</b></i>, also known as the <b>Confederacy Monument</b>, is an outdoor <a href="/wiki/Bronze_sculpture" title="Bronze sculpture">bronze sculpture</a> depicting an angel holding a sword and palm branch by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Amateis" title="Louis Amateis">Louis Amateis</a>, installed in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston_Park" title="Sam Houston Park">Sam Houston Park</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>. It was erected in 1908 by a local chapter of the <a href="/wiki/United_Daughters_of_the_Confederacy" title="United Daughters of the Confederacy">United Daughters of the Confederacy</a>. The statue was removed from the park in 2020 and relocated to the <a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Houston#Cultural_institutions" title="History of African Americans in Houston">Houston Museum of African American Culture</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_Park_Houston_Tex._Jan._19,_1908_Unveiling_the_Monument_Spirit_of_Confederacy_(25635571504).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/City_Park_Houston_Tex._Jan._19%2C_1908_Unveiling_the_Monument_Spirit_of_Confederacy_%2825635571504%29.jpg/220px-City_Park_Houston_Tex._Jan._19%2C_1908_Unveiling_the_Monument_Spirit_of_Confederacy_%2825635571504%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/City_Park_Houston_Tex._Jan._19%2C_1908_Unveiling_the_Monument_Spirit_of_Confederacy_%2825635571504%29.jpg/330px-City_Park_Houston_Tex._Jan._19%2C_1908_Unveiling_the_Monument_Spirit_of_Confederacy_%2825635571504%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/City_Park_Houston_Tex._Jan._19%2C_1908_Unveiling_the_Monument_Spirit_of_Confederacy_%2825635571504%29.jpg/440px-City_Park_Houston_Tex._Jan._19%2C_1908_Unveiling_the_Monument_Spirit_of_Confederacy_%2825635571504%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption>Unveiling in City Park, 1908</figcaption></figure> <p>The memorial was installed by the Robert E. Lee Chapter #186 of the <a href="/wiki/United_Daughters_of_the_Confederacy" title="United Daughters of the Confederacy">United Daughters of the Confederacy</a><sup id="cite_ref-city_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-city-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and unveiled on his birthday in January 1908. It had taken the Daughters nine years to collect the necessary $7,500.<sup id="cite_ref-mcmichael_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcmichael-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The statue sits atop a granite pedestal. The memorial is dedicated "To all heroes of the South who fought for the Principles of States Rights".<sup id="cite_ref-city_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-city-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Confederacy_Monument_Sam_Houston_Park_Houston_Texas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Confederacy_Monument_Sam_Houston_Park_Houston_Texas.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="400" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of the monument</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Monument" title="Monument">monument</a> was put up at a time when Houston was a re-segregated city; the city had enacted separate streetcar compartments for whites and blacks in 1903, and "the following year, thousands of black voters were removed from the electorate when the city adopted a $2.50 poll tax". At the unveiling, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chappell_Hutcheson" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Chappell Hutcheson">Joseph Chappell Hutcheson</a>, a Confederate veteran and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> representative in the <a href="/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives" title="Texas House of Representatives">Texas House of Representatives</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>, said, "Look upon this masterpiece wrought in bronze, this marvel of art to typify the spirit and genius of that Confederacy we once so fondly loved and still so fondly cherish".<sup id="cite_ref-gonzalez_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gonzalez-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1911 history of the city said it has "done much to preserve the memory of the Confederate soldiers who have passed over the river and to care for and comfort those who are still on this side".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Removal_and_relocation">Removal and relocation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Removal and relocation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Doubts about the monument were expressed in 2015 after the racially motivated <a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">Charleston church shooting</a>, with one citizen asking, "Is it something that we want to take pride in anymore when so many people are offended by it?"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protesters said the statue celebrated slavery and racism, while others argued that removing the monument meant removing history.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The controversy was reignited in 2017 after the <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gonzalez_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gonzalez-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monument is one of two monuments in Houston dedicated to the Confederacy; the other is the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Richard_W._Dowling" title="Statue of Richard W. Dowling">statue</a> of <a href="/wiki/Richard_W._Dowling" title="Richard W. Dowling">Richard W. Dowling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mcmichael_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcmichael-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 11, 2020, the City of Houston announced plans to relocate the monument as well as the Dowling statue.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the plans to relocate the statues had been formulating for some time, the events surrounding the death of former Houston resident <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd" title="George Floyd">George Floyd</a> prompted the mayor and task force to move forward. The monument was removed on June 16, 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and arrived at the Houston Museum of African American Culture on August 18.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/64px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WPVA-khamsa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/WPVA-khamsa.svg/22px-WPVA-khamsa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/WPVA-khamsa.svg/32px-WPVA-khamsa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/WPVA-khamsa.svg/43px-WPVA-khamsa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="124" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Visual_arts" title="Portal:Visual arts">Visual arts portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1908_in_art" title="1908 in art">1908 in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Confederate_monuments_and_memorials" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Confederate monuments and memorials">List of Confederate monuments and memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests">List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_erected_by_the_United_Daughters_of_the_Confederacy" title="List of monuments erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy">List of monuments erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Houston" title="List of public art in Houston">List of public art in Houston</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Heroes_Monument" title="Texas Heroes Monument">Texas Heroes Monument</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston, Texas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-city-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-city_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-city_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstontx.gov/parks/artinparks/spiritoftheconfederacy.html">"Spirit of the Confederacy"</a>. City of Houston. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170818010913/http://www.houstontx.gov/parks/artinparks/spiritoftheconfederacy.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spirit+of+the+Confederacy&rft.pub=City+of+Houston&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstontx.gov%2Fparks%2Fartinparks%2Fspiritoftheconfederacy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpirit+of+the+Confederacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcmichael-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mcmichael_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcmichael_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMichael2013" class="citation book cs1">McMichael, Kelly (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WSDEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT89"><i>Sacred Memories: The Civil War Monument Movement in Texas</i></a>. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 89–90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780876112991" title="Special:BookSources/9780876112991"><bdi>9780876112991</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sacred+Memories%3A+The+Civil+War+Monument+Movement+in+Texas&rft.pages=89-90&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780876112991&rft.aulast=McMichael&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWSDEAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpirit+of+the+Confederacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gonzalez-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gonzalez_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gonzalez_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzalez2017" class="citation news cs1">Gonzalez, J. R. (August 18, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstonchronicle.com/local/bayou-city-history/article/Houston-Confederate-statue-once-a-symbol-of-11939529.php">"Houston Confederate statue once symbolized city's attitude toward Southern cause"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819211100/http://www.houstonchronicle.com/local/bayou-city-history/article/Houston-Confederate-statue-once-a-symbol-of-11939529.php">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Houston+Confederate+statue+once+symbolized+city%27s+attitude+toward+Southern+cause&rft.date=2017-08-18&rft.aulast=Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstonchronicle.com%2Flocal%2Fbayou-city-history%2Farticle%2FHouston-Confederate-statue-once-a-symbol-of-11939529.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpirit+of+the+Confederacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll1911" class="citation book cs1">Carroll, Benajah Harvey (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B8wnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA208"><i>Standard History of Houston Texas</i></a>. Jazzybee Verlag. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783849684815" title="Special:BookSources/9783849684815"><bdi>9783849684815</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+History+of+Houston+Texas&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Jazzybee+Verlag&rft.date=1911&rft.isbn=9783849684815&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Benajah+Harvey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB8wnDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpirit+of+the+Confederacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2015" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Florian (June 29, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/2015/06/29/61233/so-what-about-all-those-confederate-symbols-in-houston/">"So What About All Those Confederate Symbols In Houston?"</a>. Houston Public Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170820174110/http://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/2015/06/29/61233/so-what-about-all-those-confederate-symbols-in-houston/">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=So+What+About+All+Those+Confederate+Symbols+In+Houston%3F&rft.date=2015-06-29&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Florian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstonpublicmedia.org%2Farticles%2Fnews%2F2015%2F06%2F29%2F61233%2Fso-what-about-all-those-confederate-symbols-in-houston%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpirit+of+the+Confederacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardenElliott2017" class="citation news cs1">Harden, John D.; Elliott, Rebecca (August 15, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Tensions-put-spotlight-on-Confederate-monument-in-11821899.php">"Tensions put spotlight on Confederate monument in Houston park"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170825234030/http://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Tensions-put-spotlight-on-Confederate-monument-in-11821899.php">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Tensions+put+spotlight+on+Confederate+monument+in+Houston+park&rft.date=2017-08-15&rft.aulast=Harden&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft.au=Elliott%2C+Rebecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstonchronicle.com%2Fnews%2Fhouston-texas%2Fhouston%2Farticle%2FTensions-put-spotlight-on-Confederate-monument-in-11821899.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpirit+of+the+Confederacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.houstontx.gov/mayor/press/2020/relocate-two-confederate-statues.html">"Press Releases"</a>. <i>www.houstontx.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625203451/https://www.houstontx.gov/mayor/press/2020/relocate-two-confederate-statues.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.houstontx.gov&rft.atitle=Press+Releases&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstontx.gov%2Fmayor%2Fpress%2F2020%2Frelocate-two-confederate-statues.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpirit+of+the+Confederacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGowdy2020" class="citation web cs1">Gowdy, ShaCamree (17 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/The-Spirit-of-Confederacy-statue-has-officially-15345989.php">"The Spirit of Confederacy statue has officially been removed from Sam Houston Park"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625203547/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/The-Spirit-of-Confederacy-statue-has-officially-15345989.php">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=The+Spirit+of+Confederacy+statue+has+officially+been+removed+from+Sam+Houston+Park&rft.date=2020-06-17&rft.aulast=Gowdy&rft.aufirst=ShaCamree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fnews%2Fhouston-texas%2Farticle%2FThe-Spirit-of-Confederacy-statue-has-officially-15345989.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpirit+of+the+Confederacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abc13.com/spirit-of-the-confederacy-statue-sam-houston-museum-african-american-culture/6377923/">"Spirit of Confederacy statue relocated to Houston Museum of African American Culture"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/KTRK-TV" title="KTRK-TV">KTRK-TV</a></i>. 19 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625203505/https://abc13.com/spirit-of-the-confederacy-statue-sam-houston-museum-african-american-culture/6377923/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KTRK-TV&rft.atitle=Spirit+of+Confederacy+statue+relocated+to+Houston+Museum+of+African+American+Culture&rft.date=2020-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabc13.com%2Fspirit-of-the-confederacy-statue-sam-houston-museum-african-american-culture%2F6377923%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpirit+of+the+Confederacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spirit_of_the_Confederacy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Spirit of the Confederacy"><i>Spirit of the Confederacy</i></a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Template:Monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Template talk:Monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests">Monuments and memorials removed</a> during the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests#United_States" title="List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alabama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Birmingham</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Soldiers_and_Sailors_Monument_(Birmingham,_Alabama)" title="Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (Birmingham, Alabama)">Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charles_Linn" title="Statue of Charles Linn">Charles Linn</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Huntsville</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Soldier_Memorial_(Huntsville,_Alabama)" title="Confederate Soldier Memorial (Huntsville, Alabama)">Confederate Soldier Memorial</a> ✻</li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Mobile</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Raphael_Semmes" title="Statue of Raphael Semmes">Raphael Semmes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arkansas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Bentonville</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Bentonville_Confederate_Monument" title="Bentonville Confederate Monument">Confederate Monument</a> ✻</li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Little Rock</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_Company_A,_Capitol_Guards" title="Memorial to Company A, Capitol Guards">Company A, Capitol Guards</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Pine Bluff</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Pine_Bluff_Confederate_Monument" title="Pine Bluff Confederate Monument">Confederate Monument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">California</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Carmel-by-the-Sea</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra_(Carmel-by-the-Sea,_California)" title="Statue of Junípero Serra (Carmel-by-the-Sea, California)">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Chula Vista</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Chula_Vista,_California)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Chula Vista, California)">Christopher Columbus</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Los Angeles</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra_(Los_Angeles)" title="Statue of Junípero Serra (Los Angeles)">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Sacramento</span></b> – <i><a href="/wiki/Columbus%27_Last_Appeal_to_Queen_Isabella" title="Columbus' Last Appeal to Queen Isabella">Columbus' Last Appeal to Queen Isabella</a></i> ✻; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra_(Sacramento,_California)" title="Statue of Junípero Serra (Sacramento, California)">Junípero Serra</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Sutter" title="Statue of John Sutter">John Sutter</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">San Francisco</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(San_Francisco)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (San Francisco)">Christopher Columbus</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Ulysses_S._Grant_(San_Francisco)" title="Bust of Ulysses S. Grant (San Francisco)">Ulysses S. Grant</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Francis_Scott_Key_(San_Francisco)" title="Statue of Francis Scott Key (San Francisco)">Francis Scott Key</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra_(San_Francisco)" title="Statue of Junípero Serra (San Francisco)">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Ventura</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statues_of_Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra_(Ventura,_California)" title="Statues of Junípero Serra (Ventura, California)">Junípero Serra</a> ✻</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connecticut</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Bridgeport</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Bridgeport,_Connecticut)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Bridgeport, Connecticut)">Christopher Columbus</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Hartford</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Hartford,_Connecticut)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Hartford, Connecticut)">Christopher Columbus</a> ✻</li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Middletown</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Middletown,_Connecticut)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Middletown, Connecticut)">Christopher Columbus</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">New Haven</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(New_Haven,_Connecticut)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (New Haven, Connecticut)">Christopher Columbus</a> ✻</li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">New London</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(New_London,_Connecticut)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (New London, Connecticut)">Christopher Columbus</a> ✻</li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Norwalk</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Norwalk,_Connecticut)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Norwalk, Connecticut)">Christopher Columbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delaware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Dover</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Law_Enforcement_Memorial" title="Delaware Law Enforcement Memorial">Delaware Law Enforcement Memorial</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Wilmington</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Wilmington,_Delaware)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Wilmington, Delaware)">Christopher Columbus</a>; <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Caesar_Rodney" title="Equestrian statue of Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">District of Columbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Washington</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_Pike_Memorial" title="Albert Pike Memorial">Albert Pike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Florida</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Jacksonville</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_(Jacksonville,_Florida)" title="Confederate Memorial (Jacksonville, Florida)">Confederate Memorial</a>; <a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_Tribute_to_the_Women_of_the_Confederacy" title="Florida's Tribute to the Women of the Confederacy">Florida's Tribute to the Women of the Confederacy</a> ✻</li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Palatka</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Putnam_County_Confederate_Memorial" title="Putnam County Confederate Memorial">Putnam County Confederate Memorial</a> ✻</li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Quincy</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Gadsden_Confederate_Memorial" title="Gadsden Confederate Memorial">Gadsden Confederate Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Georgia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Athens</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Athens_Confederate_Monument" title="Athens Confederate Monument">Confederate Monument</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Decatur</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/DeKalb_County_Confederate_Monument" title="DeKalb County Confederate Monument">DeKalb County Confederate Monument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indiana</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Indianapolis</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Soldiers_and_Sailors_Monument_(Indianapolis)" title="Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (Indianapolis)">Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kentucky</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Frankfort</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jefferson_Davis_(Frankfort,_Kentucky)" title="Statue of Jefferson Davis (Frankfort, Kentucky)">Jefferson Davis</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Louisville</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/John_B._Castleman_Monument" title="John B. Castleman Monument">John B. Castleman</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Louis_XVI" title="Statue of Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Louisiana</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">New Orleans</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Bust_of_John_McDonogh" title="Bust of John McDonogh">John McDonogh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massachusetts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Boston</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(North_End,_Boston)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (North End, Boston)">Christopher Columbus</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Memorial_(Boston)" title="Emancipation Memorial (Boston)">Emancipation Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Michigan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Dearborn</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Orville_L._Hubbard" title="Statue of Orville L. Hubbard">Orville L. Hubbard</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Detroit</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Detroit)" title="Bust of Christopher Columbus (Detroit)">Christopher Columbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minnesota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Minneapolis</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Calvin_Griffith" title="Statue of Calvin Griffith">Calvin Griffith</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Saint Paul</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Saint_Paul,_Minnesota)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Saint Paul, Minnesota)">Christopher Columbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missouri</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">St. Louis</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(St._Louis)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (St. Louis)">Christopher Columbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nevada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Las Vegas</span></b> – <i><a href="/wiki/Hey_Reb!_(sculpture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hey Reb! (sculpture)">Hey Reb!</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Jersey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Camden</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Camden,_New_Jersey)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Camden, New Jersey)">Christopher Columbus</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Newark</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Newark,_New_Jersey)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Newark, New Jersey)">Christopher Columbus</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">West Orange</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus_Monument_(West_Orange,_New_Jersey)" title="Christopher Columbus Monument (West Orange, New Jersey)">Christopher Columbus</a> ✻</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Mexico</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Albuquerque</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Juan_de_O%C3%B1ate_(Albuquerque,_New_Mexico)" title="Statue of Juan de Oñate (Albuquerque, New Mexico)">Juan de Oñate</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Alcalde</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Juan_de_O%C3%B1ate" title="Equestrian statue of Juan de Oñate">Juan de Oñate</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Santa Fe</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Diego_de_Vargas" title="Statue of Diego de Vargas">Diego de Vargas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Albany</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Philip_Schuyler" title="Statue of Philip Schuyler">Philip Schuyler</a> ✻</li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Buffalo</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Buffalo,_New_York)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Buffalo, New York)">Christopher Columbus</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Hempstead</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Thomas_Jefferson_(Hempstead,_New_York)" title="Statue of Thomas Jefferson (Hempstead, New York)">Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">New York City</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_Statue_of_Theodore_Roosevelt_(New_York_City)" title="Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt (New York City)">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Rochester</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Frederick_Douglass_(Rochester,_New_York)" title="Statue of Frederick Douglass (Rochester, New York)">Frederick Douglass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Asheville</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Vance_Monument" title="Vance Monument">Vance Monument</a> ✻</li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Charlotte</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jerry_Richardson" title="Statue of Jerry Richardson">Jerry Richardson</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Raleigh</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Monument_to_North_Carolina_Women_of_the_Confederacy" title="Monument to North Carolina Women of the Confederacy">North Carolina Women of the Confederacy</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Josephus_Daniels" title="Statue of Josephus Daniels">Josephus Daniels</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Henry_Lawson_Wyatt" title="Statue of Henry Lawson Wyatt">Henry Lawson Wyatt</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Rocky Mount</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Nash_County_Confederate_Monument" title="Nash County Confederate Monument">Nash County Confederate Monument</a> ✻</li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Salisbury</span></b> – <i><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Victis_(Confederate_monument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria Victis (Confederate monument)">Gloria Victis</a></i> ✻</li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Wilmington</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_(Wilmington,_North_Carolina)" title="Confederate Memorial (Wilmington, North Carolina)">Confederate Memorial</a>; <a href="/wiki/George_Davis_Monument" title="George Davis Monument">George Davis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ohio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Columbus</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Columbus_City_Hall)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Columbus City Hall)">Christopher Columbus (City Hall)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Columbus_State_Community_College)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Columbus State Community College)">Christopher Columbus (Columbus State Community College)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oregon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Eugene</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/The_Pioneer_(Eugene,_Oregon)" title="The Pioneer (Eugene, Oregon)"><i>The Pioneer</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/The_Pioneer_Mother_(Eugene,_Oregon)" title="The Pioneer Mother (Eugene, Oregon)"><i>The Pioneer Mother</i></a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Portland</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Captain_William_Clark_Monument" title="Captain William Clark Monument">Captain William Clark Monument</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Thompson_Elk_Fountain" title="Thompson Elk Fountain">Thompson Elk Fountain</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_(Bitter)#Jefferson_High_School,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Thomas Jefferson (Bitter)">Thomas Jefferson</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (Portland, Oregon)">Abraham Lincoln</a>; <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt,_Rough_Rider" title="Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider">Theodore Roosevelt</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Harvey_W._Scott" title="Statue of Harvey W. Scott">Harvey W. Scott</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Portland, Oregon)">George Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pennsylvania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Philadelphia</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Philadelphia)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Philadelphia)">Christopher Columbus</a> ✻; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Frank_Rizzo" title="Statue of Frank Rizzo">Frank Rizzo</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Whitefield" title="Statue of George Whitefield">George Whitefield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rhode Island</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Providence</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Johnston,_Rhode_Island)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Johnston, Rhode Island)">Christopher Columbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Columbia</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Columbia,_South_Carolina)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Columbia, South Carolina)">Christopher Columbus</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Charleston</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun_Monument" title="John C. Calhoun Monument">John C. Calhoun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tennessee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Nashville</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Edward_W._Carmack" title="Statue of Edward W. Carmack">Edward W. Carmack</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sam_Davis_(Montgomery_Bell_Academy)" title="Statue of Sam Davis (Montgomery Bell Academy)">Sam Davis</a> ✻</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Texas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Beaumont</span></b> – <i><a href="/wiki/Our_Confederate_Soldiers" title="Our Confederate Soldiers">Our Confederate Soldiers</a></i></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Dallas</span></b> – <i><a href="/wiki/Confederate_War_Memorial_(Dallas)" title="Confederate War Memorial (Dallas)">Confederate War Memorial</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/One_Riot,_One_Ranger" title="One Riot, One Ranger">One Riot, One Ranger</a></i></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Denton</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Denton_Confederate_Soldier_Monument" title="Denton Confederate Soldier Monument">Confederate Soldier Monument</a> ✻</li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Fort Worth</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Monument_(Fort_Worth,_Texas)" title="Confederate Monument (Fort Worth, Texas)">Confederate Monument</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Houston</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Houston)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Houston)">Christopher Columbus</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Richard_W._Dowling" title="Statue of Richard W. Dowling">Richard W. Dowling</a> ✻; <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spirit of the Confederacy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virginia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Alexandria</span></b> – <i><a href="/wiki/Appomattox_(statue)" title="Appomattox (statue)">Appomattox</a></i></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Fredericksburg</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Slave_Auction_Block,_Fredericksburg" title="Slave Auction Block, Fredericksburg">Slave Auction Block</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Norfolk</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Confederate_Monument" title="Norfolk Confederate Monument">Confederate Monument</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Portsmouth</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Monument_(Portsmouth,_Virginia)" title="Confederate Monument (Portsmouth, Virginia)">Confederate Monument</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Roanoke</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee_Memorial_(Roanoke,_Virginia)" title="Robert E. Lee Memorial (Roanoke, Virginia)">Robert E. Lee</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Richmond</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Richmond, Virginia)">Christopher Columbus</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis_Memorial_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Jefferson Davis Memorial (Richmond, Virginia)">Jefferson Davis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Howitzer_Monument" title="Howitzer Monument">Howitzer Monument</a> ✻; <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson_Monument" title="Stonewall Jackson Monument">Stonewall Jackson</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee_Monument_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Robert E. Lee Monument (Richmond, Virginia)">Robert E. Lee</a>; <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Fontaine_Maury_Monument" title="Matthew Fontaine Maury Monument">Matthew Fontaine Maury</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Police_Memorial" title="Richmond Police Memorial">Richmond Police Memorial</a>; <a href="/wiki/J._E._B._Stuart_Monument" title="J. E. B. Stuart Monument">J. E. B. Stuart</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Williams_Carter_Wickham" title="Statue of Williams Carter Wickham">Williams Carter Wickham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wisconsin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Madison</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Forward_(statue)" title="Forward (statue)"><i>Forward</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Hans_Christian_Heg" title="Statue of Hans Christian Heg">Hans Christian Heg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other countries</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Belgium" title="George Floyd protests in Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Antwerp</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Leopold_II_of_Belgium,_Ekeren" title="Statue of Leopold II of Belgium, Ekeren">Leopold II</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Ghent</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Leopold_II_of_Belgium,_Ghent" class="mw-redirect" title="Bust of Leopold II of Belgium, Ghent">Leopold II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Zealand" title="George Floyd protests in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Hamilton</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Fane_Charles_Hamilton" title="Statue of John Fane Charles Hamilton">John Fane Charles Hamilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Actions_against_memorials_in_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Actions against memorials in the United Kingdom during the George Floyd protests">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps">Bristol</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Edward_Colston" title="Statue of Edward Colston">Edward Colston</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Cambridge</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Ronald_Fisher_window" title="Sir Ronald Fisher window">Sir Ronald Fisher window</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">Greater Manchester</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Dunham_Massey_Hall_sundial" title="Dunham Massey Hall sundial">Dunham Massey Hall sundial</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps">London</span></b> – <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Cass" title="Statue of John Cass">John Cass</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Clayton" title="Statue of Robert Clayton">Robert Clayton</a> ✻; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Thomas_Guy" title="Statue of Thomas Guy">Thomas Guy</a> ✻; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Milligan" title="Statue of Robert Milligan">Robert Milligan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Key</b>: ✻ Pending removal</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_art_in_Houston" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_art_in_Houston" title="Template:Public art in Houston"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_art_in_Houston" title="Template talk:Public art in Houston"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_art_in_Houston" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public art in Houston"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_art_in_Houston" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Houston" title="List of public art in Houston">Public art in Houston</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/African_Elephant_(sculpture)" title="African Elephant (sculpture)">African Elephant</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hodge_Memorial" title="Alexander Hodge Memorial">Alexander Hodge Memorial</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atropos_Key" title="Atropos Key">Atropos Key</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_Can_House" title="Beer Can House">Beer Can House</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Broken_Obelisk" title="Broken Obelisk">Broken Obelisk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brownie_(sculpture)" title="Brownie (sculpture)">Brownie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bygones_(sculpture)" title="Bygones (sculpture)">Bygones</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cancer,_There_Is_Hope" title="Cancer, There Is Hope">Cancer, There Is Hope</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Allen_Fountain" title="Charlotte Allen Fountain">Charlotte Allen Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charmstone_(sculpture)" title="Charmstone (sculpture)"><i>Charmstone</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Column" title="Cloud Column">Cloud Column</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_Monument" title="George H. W. Bush Monument">George H. W. Bush Monument</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inversion_(artwork)" title="Inversion (artwork)">Inversion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isolated_Mass/Circumflex_(Number_2)" title="Isolated Mass/Circumflex (Number 2)">Isolated Mass/Circumflex (Number 2)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Schnitzer_Fountain" title="Lillian Schnitzer Fountain">Lillian Schnitzer Fountain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monument_au_Fant%C3%B4me" title="Monument au Fantôme">Monument au Fantôme</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Twist_(Guthrie)" title="Oliver Twist (Guthrie)">Oliver Twist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Orange_Show" title="The Orange Show">The Orange Show</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Memorial_(Houston)" title="Pioneer Memorial (Houston)">Pioneer Memorial</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Points_of_View_(Surls)" title="Points of View (Surls)">Points of View</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radiant_Fountains" title="Radiant Fountains">Radiant Fountains</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanlan_Fountain" title="Scanlan Fountain">Scanlan Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston_Monument" title="Sam Houston Monument">Sam Houston Monument</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spirit of the Confederacy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Houston)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Houston)">Statue of Christopher Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_H._Hermann" title="Statue of George H. Hermann">Statue of George H. Hermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Richard_W._Dowling" title="Statue of Richard W. Dowling">Statue of Richard W. Dowling</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolerance_(sculpture)" title="Tolerance (sculpture)">Tolerance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuoso_(sculpture)" title="Virtuoso (sculpture)"><i>Virtuoso</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_Monument" title="World War I Monument">World War I Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Memorial_(Houston)" title="World War II Memorial (Houston)">World War II Memorial</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lillie_and_Hugh_Roy_Cullen_Sculpture_Garden" title="Lillie and Hugh Roy Cullen Sculpture Garden">Lillie and Hugh Roy<br />Cullen Sculpture Garden</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_(Bourdelle)" title="Adam (Bourdelle)">Adam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arch_Falls" title="Arch Falls">Arch Falls</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Back_Series" title="The Back Series">The Back Series</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Twist" title="Big Twist">Big Twist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conversation_with_the_Wind" title="Conversation with the Wind">Conversation with the Wind</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crab" title="The Crab">The Crab</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cybele_(sculpture)" title="Cybele (sculpture)">Cybele</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dance_(sculpture)" title="The Dance (sculpture)">The Dance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Decanter_(sculpture)" title="Decanter (sculpture)">Decanter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exhaling_Pearls" title="Exhaling Pearls">Exhaling Pearls</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flora,_Nude" title="Flora, Nude">Flora, Nude</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gymnast_II" title="Gymnast II">Gymnast II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Triptych" title="Houston Triptych">Houston Triptych</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Large_Horse" title="The Large Horse">The Large Horse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Large_Standing_Woman_I" title="Large Standing Woman I">Large Standing Woman I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Forms_(sculpture)" title="New Forms (sculpture)">New Forms</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pilgrim_(Marini)" title="The Pilgrim (Marini)">The Pilgrim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quarantania_I" title="Quarantania I">Quarantania I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Recuerdo_de_Machu_Picchu_3_(Las_terrazas)" title="Recuerdo de Machu Picchu 3 (Las terrazas)">Recuerdo de Machu Picchu 3 (Las terrazas)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_of_Night" title="The Sound of Night">The Sound of Night</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Eternal_Repose" title="The Spirit of Eternal Repose">The Spirit of Eternal Repose</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Circle_Sentinel" title="Two Circle Sentinel">Two Circle Sentinel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Walking_Man" title="The Walking Man">The Walking Man</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untitled_(Shapiro,_1990)" title="Untitled (Shapiro, 1990)"><i>Untitled</i> (Shapiro, 1990)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/McGovern_Centennial_Gardens" title="McGovern Centennial Gardens">McGovern<br />Centennial Gardens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_%C3%81lvar_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Cabeza_de_Vaca" title="Bust of Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca">Bust of Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Bust of Benito Juárez">Bust of Benito Juárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Bernardo_O%27Higgins_(Houston)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bust of Bernardo O'Higgins (Houston)">Bust of Bernardo O'Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn_(Houston)" title="Bust of José de San Martín (Houston)">Bust of José de San Martín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD" title="Bust of José Martí">Bust of José Martí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="Bust of José Rizal">Bust of José Rizal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Ram%C3%B3n_Castilla" title="Bust of Ramón Castilla">Bust of Ramón Castilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Robert_Burns_(Houston)" title="Bust of Robert Burns (Houston)">Bust of Robert Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar_(Houston)" title="Bust of Simón Bolívar (Houston)">Bust of Simón Bolívar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Vicente_Rocafuerte" title="Bust of Vicente Rocafuerte">Bust of Vicente Rocafuerte</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(Journeay)" title="Dawn (Journeay)">Dawn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Confucius_(Houston)" title="Statue of Confucius (Houston)">Statue of Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi_(Houston)" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi (Houston)">Statue of Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(Houston)" title="Statue of Martin Luther King Jr. (Houston)"> Statue of Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_Houston" title="Graffiti in Houston">Graffiti in Houston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&oldid=1191080675">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&oldid=1191080675</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1908_establishments_in_Texas" title="Category:1908 establishments in Texas">1908 establishments in Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1908_sculptures" title="Category:1908 sculptures">1908 sculptures</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monuments_and_memorials_in_the_United_States_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Category:Monuments and memorials in the United States removed during the George Floyd protests">Monuments and memorials in the United States removed during the George Floyd protests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bronze_sculptures_in_Texas" title="Category:Bronze sculptures in Texas">Bronze sculptures in Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Confederate_States_of_America_monuments_and_memorials_in_Texas" title="Category:Confederate States of America monuments and memorials in Texas">Confederate States of America monuments and memorials in Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Outdoor_sculptures_in_Houston" title="Category:Outdoor sculptures in Houston">Outdoor sculptures in Houston</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Relocated_buildings_and_structures_in_Texas" title="Category:Relocated buildings and structures in Texas">Relocated buildings and structures in Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sculptures_of_angels" title="Category:Sculptures of angels">Sculptures of angels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sculptures_of_men_in_Texas" title="Category:Sculptures of men in Texas">Sculptures of men in Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Statues_in_Texas" title="Category:Statues in Texas">Statues in Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_Daughters_of_the_Confederacy_monuments_and_memorials" title="Category:United Daughters of the Confederacy monuments and memorials">United Daughters of the Confederacy monuments and memorials</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Statues_removed_in_2020" title="Category:Statues removed in 2020">Statues removed in 2020</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Infobox_mapframe_without_OSM_relation_ID_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata">Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_not_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates not on Wikidata">Coordinates not on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 December 2023, at 13:07<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_the_Confederacy&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6d67bf974d-pdcwn","wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_37301d4f32f31c1d0eec2ae10d51427105b41c06":[{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-95.37261,29.76028],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Spirit of the Confederacy","marker-symbol":"monument"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.459","walltime":"0.643","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3580,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":179446,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11129,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":55250,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 523.585 1 -total"," 24.59% 128.730 1 Template:Reflist"," 24.46% 128.059 1 Template:Monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests"," 23.46% 122.847 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 23.35% 122.247 1 Template:Infobox_artwork"," 20.91% 109.462 1 Template:Infobox"," 16.67% 87.295 4 Template:Cite_web"," 15.82% 82.849 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.68% 50.660 2 Template:Yesno"," 8.48% 44.377 4 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.265","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6491332,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7649cfcddd-smwmk","timestamp":"20241127121008","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Spirit of the Confederacy","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spirit_of_the_Confederacy","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q37941782","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q37941782","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2017-08-21T02:27:43Z","dateModified":"2023-12-21T13:07:09Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/da\/Spirit_of_the_Confederacy%2C_Sam_Houston_Park.JPG","headline":"outdoor bronze sculpture in Houston, TX erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy"}</script> </body> </html>