CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91351fda7fe03dfb',cH: 'B4JOr.QIu7z15qWOtTEx2FpJJB7WtZntCJDhM98vX48-1739788461-1.2.1.1-B_V0qIeJy0hQuzFpgLU7DOEBboHvC7lw8IgfY2JQoI721nJF4lawmJ8z4_p_oKPf',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=origin&__cf_chl_tk=3AIufaT2Rz8cFHI1RNKOC8wk41sHtEegYzLsGuEE5iA-1739788461-1.0.1.1-aFjSf35YeZZSN1B_ckkn5IcYVwShoqumYcbR1d1fBFg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788461',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=origin&__cf_chl_f_tk=3AIufaT2Rz8cFHI1RNKOC8wk41sHtEegYzLsGuEE5iA-1739788461-1.0.1.1-aFjSf35YeZZSN1B_ckkn5IcYVwShoqumYcbR1d1fBFg",md: "3KpSv3fKPPqxocNugUVZOe0LSdK0077MjXmY0mNuLZc-1739788461-1.2.1.1-T8R1RiMqA3EEtAfGXThS0wIiiLLybTcu3uUPCbmXVLSGV2wEa8kwACxXjCF6vVSFYwadRAEKhpSFxuOBoLB2p43MV.UhXZcvfyWTeaeq7KgLjUqOuF.5i3njQ7GfcLCqmFVpsE1_nhZm7kD9eQxsOcaRH7V5ntlCfbF6AJXuTv518otcJ0Uar1VVYied7n80ZmxCdP6LnvrE4c61BaeYOx9Fk.QLFuuZizvK5wSyluPL.pWQVvFkQA5VV91st8sDKk4FWweGuVoSuDGHNQRko0o4kjcRFX3ZQapnMgeB2GyO2PAutDgn6hhB.EbusU1KnhmkMbOLv4CuY0AvzvL_Px5NnMObVmFX3g1GZGWEFm4xBBIkH7JwZt3qabp85pihFL1QsLxOSoLl6DiJ5lqQKxqsGpHvL0TvELF6p68gkfNSHFOrKcNOvUMuwbVKSS_aMzh4pv0l6k1SZbTJcSph8TJ892IePvnS1s8dF2W3_GxoaQmoIZOnMJxKnkKDJfpo_gtm5U41YcWwHsCRjFbo5b_GY6lUEuST_Pp0hNjwLXCNnLWIW6ElAP.q6raC3H7jpd86owlhYNxlm4a2x_pvvNxgci3VcxsZBgUmpzBe1hF1L73tPhpGJ9PsuBxyLgtDyYicbSdsiTrWdUQeH_4qGDCdnNm9SZI94F7s3cdH47eKbSSuVw8Z6Sh3LGD1pCh8.bVdGjlUpuVdl275LHJkeuY_YHMKWCThmosQORbb8E_ajoVCELRkDhsoiwQ5U5TefiUobNw4cv4fQyT3dsvv7045uGhStGqP0C5QNdAXQeeYGIXKjEc_5aSPFpbCRHDB2Fnlfuy6tav.BFnmrgE6CjwoCP94CQDkOED3CZv_whZnzgtH7R8zFuyCw.dCse5tTwpmyZHSfYUikp5SGTy.WRgXLSM.O0X9sH.NdscB94uXMORj9sdP61DWpOBPY5i71iEYwq6nW.3uXaYzW0HlhY9uEKNU5D3wWwKVfHh_IVid3un7I9qw.4UL..F9Y90eJwXflttU1OccucM.W8QzB.SFpjMk95BE2ZwcFD5w7QhTIp7YHnxatYq.iONMyxNJqQQhlWBQv0sPEjz0lN6cdHDGhLtjGXeozXzZehl22PvVSyfKtrVuu9JgPtCx8prVsVym7tq8gre4kz6k3ScCuiIQuYIxOUFDOeU5ecDumxnwB82dkpupE.DwVj8SROPmIOL_bstov1Zy6ih9ZN3D_Sb_MRzJkHi_.7cPsP_N0jMd1pgHY61prB8eWvV67uf5mvGLQ6WYLbY5PilE5dN_Nx903hH.TwXKZrw50ds7b._irsTRVMneDFhpnBPABcdTvLXOiT5uyMHeLWbTpr4yotmZtbyKlJCEdhSQtsxmkBb3y8Ib2qnhim.8v6VjljwfRP3PSE4HTKnZTieOlijGvY2jkei40pcdxZxAldYsiJvNNQm9mufuxuUK_Q8S_b2nuc1cifs32SWkcfFlz88JBNRbGbnoNXfZkqS8LBgsW3xYVLlDyaUSgLMiI1SUbHclRef.sG_PmO0peBcXcGfRwUO6leChevyICT9BnTtccjkEwmgm1HGUz9zLZhvdCCkULlQ2DVmkXRD3njMe.1KvFXXB_kzrtLY3Kh6wV7JA2dppZH_z25QYa0A7qXOBg_4FrILJXNRoTcFNLNJf_sdjORaXPbvVRgUKmhS_fIH2cSwSiXsVup905qOkG2lwVKEvhlO4JHu4dSL8Mp7aMRGmcYKAf8SrKzSoY6pa2MgZQqPyPGLxDamSYvKtOVIWlrIvSSNLSjMKa.moqyb5BmJbGY9LBliMvlLHJ5Qpw7AOrdZmAFPOPVTtFKh2M0zeDfnjJwITQq_5CtzqCPAGC8d2j6h6QVHNgwbNdNBHJ10KuG7FM22q5bkCkAAqjSBT6oC3Y4FKvb1FWWaKQee5_7VfZg",mdrd: "NJULAM9Hhyvl81PGQqeMnm7hoCwmlZp8YyE5vQhKuAI-1739788461-1.2.1.1-RVbDGXVK6E2etKisbXXiUkpks4yprmHjf6h0Boq1nOrHH4vLpOYMqUvBfQQqDcvKvHP_cvj_JtsH7VKtJcyKAMHJ0hAm2WOA5xy4zDYsA1RQkcVPTfST6WaYpMHYCsJoBPZuEwc7TvKAN.GCdA6LAwWLXOlAS9VQo96dkAaDtrZabMn.e1pHgUiQ91JjS0XSGzPDXkwqYy3ye3yQdzf8OPgc4FOuZ08YprmIdF96oMMvjTLYEBnoNylbSZWXndv.JisKpDg.5bEDCi7xVKvDV5JorBX3hoBBUYT7c5JGhcu.0CGxuZEF6YrH5GdsGAlUqGvC2j7lU1Fnvl.oM4b_VLrBaAaXMlIH9QYxyZZ7YektW0oqepvgIO41rsp9KN7pCMz3YqnNsB_2JvPTP.j7NrPVWYEK9r1_XgXpuJjue9LkeQyfOYCu37a.HcJqXwsKRIRo.ZR0804teGtey7sZtRnpTjcHmIDhemzA3YMRQECSBC7RPgB9241sognAOx2bgRP3VktI97xnxtt8PaVGwLmpdHh.k4XfuIN01y5fA2aOF2asUUpJS1ODB1tHvhP0UN64Ig3_NxiCKjoj2HNo53jXIebKaPhvryZFi8eYoLf7mEVUl81oQS8tqRkZ7FgKvGHK6vZzh_RMYT7jNN1OrUBilYu8bEckOW0m9g0MRWU6y8LrV4mI9xdXpE0MAIZgIyJmt.QuR.Ls8apk2jdbfUT9qEc5zp9FYDwc.wXzWjU3lSsnvQH_hrr.XTHEILyoWrs50a44yyCMFceb3Oy0HEJRXJkxcfq0CvRoz7RUSkXQZDJ.RAfeEMRtm5ugOVgwnbpg36MllobvRg.F3UNMw62BPfaAPz15fVnCXXUzOyLtrp4I9ACG0gitzYwUAh5Xl0HXeagRv7fjxw2n3vfcjwWc6XGVE2RAwg8U6twvI.goYZdQyJSu3jfScjCEn2iLuaZtn5KdR.9vU9Spnjizpw0h0IuXNdh5F_OQnXspPgQmZEpvuJFsgjzGDNEgwi0Xf9DvoM1oFfBUbjlvSvVlnPuQQGQu7Kx0jHQpEeEbK0etWy3R6_b1ZACAPaj9rDO5rKM3FDYoGvEikEYF5dDIj1iDdD9u01ad6DRldlKgiW4CCMi9B3GzmUPi_IE14FFkCx5JcS6OsSkTkutk6ZFsy6L4eNO2ezCGZZRdlJ4o3ct92XSpRdyHhEvOIWuhFlR_1ogaXoTnR5j_siH3JKjB.WuX4B2umWtLNWsE3nDr5YhXMI_2LQaALEj5uN_oDEOUwRAnke9y9UE3_FkESZR_DEbouCWYRTKXvirrLLXSuuGG4BIuNQiFo6TaH5_muP4e_3vSI62fqD4sLjDmlYTD8xlo3qsnuYCWzO.2wuHx8WH5xNKUe2_Jxbw1PXNB8.Z4KdCPTyDUEFOE9QQa2tr_tjghDv8wAcWsaPCvqgKfo9EUgodPvNU_Lg22B1fCTtUvjoLX701ZJ8sUT9Hm4bj5Y5mCuczTW97eJt5RFTzGRn4Wi5E80xD_U3ufpTpfstwNGjgzxE8emJe8wahtr9oW_uDxwE8zigimSHlxkjZLZtpNQdAGQd4CihTAEa9WZZymHH2SN1k0HfaIp_1stThs6UhYE25hVil4Y1ykg17lqYt4FoHXGVdj7ij640MH7WYOIsBrDSxVhHeLVPt7VSju.6mscN4x8Mi8bjtxpzJwUrA_HSt1CdXSqHu438cv4xp13j2xBBmeAaBwD_dlVCUEB.qNdpg0ltccwz5lFdDqYe9nrFjHutXI28X0eiTZA6ekIyG5Lz.zG0U7wNBQrw467yqjUKaVj5.uHkmzuiahcc5Rol3.x.gOziOG88EfjCYmi_RXKaubM.sR08Q2_nbHNJyBBYvfY1oBe6682mX3zJcaHu24gOPDQ2vDeHgZp.GHPYG282DB52sdeukk9P.mDsMm5zxDrwga8OzVMf9O_q95WWCVpPwXLUt1prw5j67N"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91351fda7fe03dfb';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=origin&__cf_chl_rt_tk=3AIufaT2Rz8cFHI1RNKOC8wk41sHtEegYzLsGuEE5iA-1739788461-1.0.1.1-aFjSf35YeZZSN1B_ckkn5IcYVwShoqumYcbR1d1fBFg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>