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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipuri_de_hidrocarburi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tipuri de hidrocarburi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tipuri_de_hidrocarburi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tipuri de hidrocarburi subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tipuri_de_hidrocarburi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hidrocarburi_simple_și_variațiile_acestora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidrocarburi_simple_și_variațiile_acestora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Hidrocarburi simple și variațiile acestora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidrocarburi_simple_și_variațiile_acestora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clasificare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clasificare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Clasificare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clasificare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referințe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referințe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referințe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referințe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hidrocarbură</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 103 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolwaterstof" title="Koolwaterstof – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koolwaterstof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%80%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%AE%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD%E1%89%A6%E1%8A%95" title="ሀይድሮካርቦን – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሀይድሮካርቦን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="هيدروكربون – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيدروكربون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrocarburu" title="Hidrocarburu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hidrocarburu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrogenl%C9%99r" title="Karbohidrogenlər – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karbohidrogenlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="هیدروکربون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیدروکربون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuinwossastoffe" title="Kuinwossastoffe – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kuinwossastoffe" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokarburo" title="Hidrokarburo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hidrokarburo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Вуглевадароды – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вуглевадароды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Вуглевадароды – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вуглевадароды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Въглеводород – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Въглеводород" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="হাইড্রোকার্বন – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাইড্রোকার্বন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokarbon" title="Hidrokarbon – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hidrokarbon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljikovodik" title="Ugljikovodik – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ugljikovodik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrocarbur" title="Hidrocarbur – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hidrocarbur" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%86" title="ھایدرۆکاربۆن – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھایدرۆکاربۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhlovod%C3%ADky" title="Uhlovodíky – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Uhlovodíky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80o%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гидрoкарбон – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гидрoкарбон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hydrocarbon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulbrinte" title="Kulbrinte – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kulbrinte" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenwasserstoffe" title="Kohlenwasserstoffe – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kohlenwasserstoffe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Υδρογονάνθρακες – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υδρογονάνθρακες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hydrocarbon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokarbonido" title="Hidrokarbonido – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hidrokarbonido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrocarburo" title="Hidrocarburo – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hidrocarburo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCsivesinikud" title="Süsivesinikud – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Süsivesinikud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokarburo" title="Hidrokarburo – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hidrokarburo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="هیدروکربن – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیدروکربن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiilivedyt" title="Hiilivedyt – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hiilivedyt" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbure" title="Hydrocarbure – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hydrocarbure" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%B6lweederstoof" title="Köölweederstoof – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Köölweederstoof" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidreacarb%C3%B3n" title="Hidreacarbón – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hidreacarbón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrocarburo" title="Hidrocarburo – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hidrocarburo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%A8" title="હાઇડ્રોકાર્બન – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હાઇડ્રોકાર્બન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0n-kh%C3%AEn_Fa-ha%CC%8Dp-vu%CC%8Dt" title="Thàn-khîn Fa-ha̍p-vu̍t – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thàn-khîn Fa-ha̍p-vu̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="פחמימן – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פחמימן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="हाइड्रोकार्बन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हाइड्रोकार्बन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljikovodici" title="Ugljikovodici – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ugljikovodici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idwokabi" title="Idwokabi – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Idwokabi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9nhidrog%C3%A9nek" title="Szénhidrogének – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szénhidrogének" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AE%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ածխաջրածիններ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ածխաջրածիններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokarbon" title="Hidrokarbon – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hidrokarbon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokarbido" title="Hidrokarbido – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hidrokarbido" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolvetni_(l%C3%ADfr%C3%A6n_efnafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Kolvetni (lífræn efnafræði) – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kolvetni (lífræn efnafræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrocarburi" title="Idrocarburi – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Idrocarburi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%AD%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%B4%E7%B4%A0" title="炭化水素 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="炭化水素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokarbon" title="Hidrokarbon – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hidrokarbon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ნახშირწყალბადი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნახშირწყალბადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Көмірсутек – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көмірсутек" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಹೈಡ್ರೊಕಾರ್ಬನ್ನುಗಳು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹೈಡ್ರೊಕಾರ್ಬನ್ನುಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%ED%99%94%EC%88%98%EC%86%8C" title="탄화수소 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탄화수소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarboneum" title="Hydrocarboneum – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hydrocarboneum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuelewaasserstoffer" title="Kuelewaasserstoffer – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kuelewaasserstoffer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angliavandenilis" title="Angliavandenilis – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Angliavandenilis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Og%C4%BC%C5%ABde%C5%86ra%C5%BEi" title="Ogļūdeņraži – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ogļūdeņraži" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akoranafo" title="Akoranafo – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Akoranafo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Јаглеводород – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јаглеводород" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ഹൈഡ്രോകാർബണുകൾ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹൈഡ്രോകാർബണുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%87" title="Нүүрсустөрөгч – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нүүрсустөрөгч" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95" title="कर्बोदक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कर्बोदक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokarbon" title="Hidrokarbon – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hidrokarbon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%98%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဟိုက်ဒရိုကာဘွန် – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟိုက်ဒရိုကာဘွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="हाइड्रोकार्बन – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हाइड्रोकार्बन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolwaterstof" title="Koolwaterstof – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koolwaterstof" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrokarbon" title="Hydrokarbon – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hydrokarbon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrokarbon" title="Hydrokarbon – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hydrokarbon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrocarbur" title="Idrocarbur – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Idrocarbur" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haayidirookaarboonii" title="Haayidirookaarboonii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Haayidirookaarboonii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Æвзалыдонгуыртæ – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æвзалыдонгуыртæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਹਾਈਡਰੋਕਾਰਬਨ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਾਈਡਰੋਕਾਰਬਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%99glowodory" title="Węglowodory – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Węglowodory" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="ہائیڈروکاربن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہائیڈروکاربن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrocarboneto" title="Hidrocarboneto – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hidrocarboneto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Углеводороды – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Углеводороды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Гидрокарбоны – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гидрокарбоны" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrucarburu" title="Idrucarburu – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Idrucarburu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocaurbon" title="Hydrocaurbon – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hydrocaurbon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljikovodici" title="Ugljikovodici – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ugljikovodici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B1" title="හයිඩ්‍රොකාබන – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හයිඩ්‍රොකාබන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hydrocarbon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uh%C4%BEovod%C3%ADk" title="Uhľovodík – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Uhľovodík" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogljikovodik" title="Ogljikovodik – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ogljikovodik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haaydarokaarboon" title="Haaydarokaarboon – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Haaydarokaarboon" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokarburet" title="Hidrokarburet – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hidrokarburet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D1%99%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Угљоводоник – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Угљоводоник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokarbon" title="Hidrokarbon – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hidrokarbon" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolv%C3%A4te" title="Kolväte – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kolväte" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokaboni" title="Hidrokaboni – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hidrokaboni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நீரகக்கரிமம் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நீரகக்கரிமம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="హైడ్రోకార్బన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హైడ్రోకార్బన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="ไฮโดรคาร์บอน – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไฮโดรคาร์บอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokarburo" title="Hidrokarburo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hidrokarburo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokarbon" title="Hidrokarbon – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hidrokarbon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Углеводородлар – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Углеводородлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Вуглеводні – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вуглеводні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="ہائیڈرو کاربن – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہائیڈرو کاربن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uglevodorodlar" title="Uglevodorodlar – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Uglevodorodlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hydrocarbon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokarburo" title="Hidrokarburo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hidrokarburo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%83" title="烃 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="烃" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%83" title="烃 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="烃" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B2a%E2%81%BF-h%C3%B2a_ch%C3%BAi-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Thòaⁿ-hòa chúi-sò͘ – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thòaⁿ-hòa chúi-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%B4" title="烴 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="烴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43648#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hidrocarbur%C4%83" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hidrocarbur%C4%83"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrocarbur%C4%83&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrocarbur%C4%83&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrocarbur%C4%83&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" 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permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrocarbur%C4%83&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Hidrocarbur%C4%83&id=16651578&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DHidrocarbur%25C4%2583%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DHidrocarbur%25C4%2583%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Methane-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Methane-3D-balls.png/220px-Methane-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Methane-3D-balls.png/330px-Methane-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Methane-3D-balls.png/440px-Methane-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1091" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Structură tridimensională a unei molecule de <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metan</a> (CH<sub>4</sub>), care face parte din clasa <a href="/wiki/Alcan" title="Alcan">alcanilor</a> și este cea mai simplă hidrocarbură.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hidrocarburile</b> sunt <a href="/wiki/Compus_organic" title="Compus organic">compuși organici</a> în ale căror molecule se regăsesc doar atomi de <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> și de <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Silberberg_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silberberg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:620</sup> Acestea conțin un schelet format din atomi de carbon - numit <i>catenă</i>, legați între ei prin legături simple, <a href="/wiki/Leg%C4%83tur%C4%83_dubl%C4%83" title="Legătură dublă">duble</a> sau triple, legăturile rămase fiind ocupate de atomi de hidrogen. În general, hidrocarburile sunt <a href="/wiki/Combustibil" title="Combustibil">combustibili</a>. </p><p>Prin sisteme de hidrocarburi se înțelege amestecul de hidrocarburi, heterohidrocarburi, inclusiv impuritățile, cu excepția apei. </p><p>Se cunosc azi peste 30000 de hidrocarburi clasificate în mai multe clase, după principalele lor caracteristici. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipuri_de_hidrocarburi">Tipuri de hidrocarburi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrocarbur%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Tipuri de hidrocarburi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrocarbur%C4%83&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tipuri de hidrocarburi"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Așa cum este definit de <a href="/wiki/Nomenclatura_IUPAC_a_compu%C8%99ilor_organici" title="Nomenclatura IUPAC a compușilor organici">nomenclatura IUPAC a chimiei organice</a>, clasificările pentru hidrocarburi sunt: </p> <ol><li>Hidrocarburile <a href="/w/index.php?title=Compu%C8%99i_satura%C8%9Bi_%C8%99i_nesatura%C8%9Bi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compuși saturați și nesaturați — pagină inexistentă">saturate</a> sunt cele mai simple dintre speciile de hidrocarburi. Sunt compuse în întregime din <a href="/wiki/Leg%C4%83tur%C4%83_simpl%C4%83" title="Legătură simplă">legături simple</a> și sunt saturate cu atomi de hidrogen. Formula pentru hidrocarburi saturate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Compus_cu_lan%C8%9B_deschis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compus cu lanț deschis — pagină inexistentă">aciclice</a> (adică <a href="/wiki/Alcan" title="Alcan">alcani</a>) este 2C<sub><i>n</i></sub>H<sub>2<i>n</i>+2</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-Silberberg_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silberberg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:623</sup> Cea mai generală formă de hidrocarburi saturate este C<sub><i>n</i></sub>H<sub>2<i>n</i>+2(1-<i>r</i>)</sub>, unde <i>r</i> este numărul de inele. Cei cu exact un inel sunt <a href="/wiki/Cicloalcan" title="Cicloalcan">cicloalcanii</a>. Hidrocarburile saturate sunt baza <a href="/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol">combustibililor petrolieri</a> și se găsesc fie ca specii liniare, fie ramificate. Reacția de substituție este proprietatea caracteristicilor acestora (cum ar fi <a href="/wiki/Halogenare" title="Halogenare">reacția de clorare</a> pentru a forma <a href="/wiki/Cloroform" title="Cloroform">cloroform</a>). Hidrocarburi cu aceeași <a href="/wiki/Formul%C4%83_chimic%C4%83" title="Formulă chimică">formulă moleculară</a>, dar diferite <a href="/wiki/Formul%C4%83_structural%C4%83" title="Formulă structurală">formule structurale</a> se numesc <a href="/wiki/Izomerie_structural%C4%83" title="Izomerie structurală">izomeri structurali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Silberberg_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silberberg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:625</sup> Așa cum este prezentat în exemplul de <a href="/wiki/3-metilhexan" title="3-metilhexan">3-metilhexan</a> și <a href="/wiki/Serie_omoloag%C4%83" title="Serie omoloagă">omologii</a> săi superiori, hidrocarburile ramificate pot fi <a href="/wiki/Chiralitate_(chimie)" title="Chiralitate (chimie)">chirale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Silberberg_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silberberg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:627</sup> Hidrocarburi saturate chirale constituie lanțuri laterale de <a href="/wiki/Biomolecul%C4%83" title="Biomoleculă">biomolecule</a> precum <a href="/wiki/Clorofil%C4%83" title="Clorofilă">clorofila</a> și <a href="/wiki/Tocoferol" title="Tocoferol">tocoferolul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrocarburi_nesaturate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrocarburi nesaturate — pagină inexistentă">Hidrocarburi nesaturate</a> au una sau mai multe <a href="/wiki/Leg%C4%83tur%C4%83_dubl%C4%83" title="Legătură dublă">legături duble</a> sau <a href="/wiki/Leg%C4%83tur%C4%83_tripl%C4%83" title="Legătură triplă">triple</a> între atomii de carbon. Cei cu legătură dublă se numesc <a href="/wiki/Alchen%C4%83" title="Alchenă">alchene</a> și au formula C<sub><i>n</i></sub>H<sub>2<i>n</i></sub> (presupunând structuri non-ciclice).<sup id="cite_ref-Silberberg_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silberberg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:628</sup> Cei care conțin legături triple se numesc <a href="/wiki/Alchin%C4%83" title="Alchină">alchine</a> și au formula C<sub><i>n</i></sub>H<sub>2<i>n</i>−2</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-Silberberg_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silberberg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:631</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrocarbur%C4%83_aromatic%C4%83" title="Hidrocarbură aromatică">Hidrocarburile aromatice</a>, cunoscute și sub numele de arene, sunt hidrocarburi care au cel puțin un <a href="/wiki/Aromaticitate" title="Aromaticitate">inel aromatic</a>.</li></ol> <p>Hidrocarburile pot fi <a href="/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz">gaze</a> (de exemplu, <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metan</a> și <a href="/wiki/Propan" title="Propan">propan</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lichid" title="Lichid">lichide</a> (de exemplu <a href="/wiki/Hexan" title="Hexan">hexan</a> și <a href="/wiki/Benzen" title="Benzen">benzen</a>), <a href="/wiki/Cear%C4%83" title="Ceară">ceară</a> sau <a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solide</a> cu topire scăzută (de exemplu <a href="/wiki/Parafin%C4%83" title="Parafină">ceară de parafină</a> și <a href="/wiki/Naftalin%C4%83" title="Naftalină">naftalină</a>) sau <a href="/wiki/Polimer" title="Polimer">polimeri</a> (de exemplu, <a href="/wiki/Polietilen%C4%83" title="Polietilenă">polietilenă</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polipropilen%C4%83" title="Polipropilenă">polipropilenă</a> și <a href="/wiki/Polistiren" title="Polistiren">polistiren</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hidrocarburi_simple_și_variațiile_acestora"><span id="Hidrocarburi_simple_.C8.99i_varia.C8.9Biile_acestora"></span>Hidrocarburi simple și variațiile acestora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrocarbur%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Hidrocarburi simple și variațiile acestora" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrocarbur%C4%83&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Hidrocarburi simple și variațiile acestora"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <center> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Număr de<br />atomi de carbon </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alcan" title="Alcan">Alcan</a> (Legătură simplă) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alchen%C4%83" title="Alchenă">Alchenă</a> (Legătură dublă) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alchin%C4%83" title="Alchină">Alchină</a> (Legătură triplă) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Cicloalcan" title="Cicloalcan">Cicloalcan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alcadien%C4%83" title="Alcadienă">Alcadienă</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">Metan</a></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Etan" title="Etan">Etan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eten%C4%83" title="Etenă">Etenă</a> (etilenă)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acetilen%C4%83" title="Acetilenă">Etină</a> (acetilenă)</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Propan" title="Propan">Propan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Propen%C4%83" title="Propenă">Propenă</a> (propilenă)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Propin%C4%83" title="Propină">Propină</a> (metilacetilenă)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ciclopropan" title="Ciclopropan">Ciclopropan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Propadien%C4%83" title="Propadienă">Propadienă</a> (alenă) </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Butan" title="Butan">Butan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buten%C4%83" title="Butenă">Butenă</a> (butilen)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Butin%C4%83" title="Butină">Butină</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ciclobutan" title="Ciclobutan">Ciclobutan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1,3-butadien%C4%83" title="1,3-butadienă">Butadiene</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pentan" title="Pentan">Pentan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Penten%C4%83" title="Pentenă">Pentenă</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pentin%C4%83" title="Pentină">Pentină</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ciclopentan" title="Ciclopentan">Ciclopentan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pentadien%C4%83" title="Pentadienă">Pentadienă</a> (piperilena) </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hexan" title="Hexan">Hexan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hexen%C4%83" title="Hexenă">Hexenă</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/3-hexin%C4%83" title="3-hexină">Hexină</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ciclohexan" title="Ciclohexan">Ciclohexan</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexadien%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexadienă — pagină inexistentă">Hexadienă</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heptan" title="Heptan">Heptan</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hepten%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heptenă — pagină inexistentă">Heptenă</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heptin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heptină — pagină inexistentă">Heptină</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cicloheptan" title="Cicloheptan">Cicloheptan</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heptadien%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heptadienă — pagină inexistentă">Heptadienă</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Octan" title="Octan">Octan</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octen%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octenă — pagină inexistentă">Octenă</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Octin%C4%83" title="Octină">Octină</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ciclooctan" title="Ciclooctan">Ciclooctan</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octadien%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octadienă — pagină inexistentă">Octadienă</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nonan" title="Nonan">Nonan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nonen%C4%83" title="Nonenă">Nonenă</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nonin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nonină — pagină inexistentă">Nonină</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ciclononan" title="Ciclononan">Ciclononan</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nonadien%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nonadienă — pagină inexistentă">Nonadienă</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Decan" class="mw-disambig" title="Decan">Decan</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decen%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decenă — pagină inexistentă">Decenă</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decină — pagină inexistentă">Decină</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ciclodecan" title="Ciclodecan">Ciclodecan</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decadien%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decadienă — pagină inexistentă">Decadienă</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Undecan" title="Undecan">Undecan</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Undecen%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undecenă — pagină inexistentă">Undecenă</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Undecin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undecină — pagină inexistentă">Undecină</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cicloundecan" title="Cicloundecan">Cicloundecan</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Undecadien%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undecadienă — pagină inexistentă">Undecadienă</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dodecan" title="Dodecan">Dodecan</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dodecen%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dodecenă — pagină inexistentă">Dodecenă</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dodecin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dodecină — pagină inexistentă">Dodecină</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ciclododecan" title="Ciclododecan">Ciclododecan</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dodecadien%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dodecadienă — pagină inexistentă">Dodecadienă</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clasificare">Clasificare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrocarbur%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clasificare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrocarbur%C4%83&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Clasificare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clasificarea hidrocarburilor din sistemele naturale: alcani si cicloalcani (ambele sunt hidrocarburi saturate); hidrocarburi aromatice (nesaturate); compusi cu oxigen (sunt alcatuiti din substante cu caracter acid: acizi naftinici, acizi grasi etc.); compusi cu sulf (hidrogenul sulfurat este prezent in gaze, iar sulfurile acidice si bisulfurile sunt prezente in titei); compusii cu azot (porfirinele - constituie dovada originii petrolului); compusi cu caracter asfaltic (constau in rasini, asfaltene, carbene, etc.); rasini (au densitatea apropiata de cea a apei, vascozitate mare si sunt solubile in hidrocarburi mai usoare decat ele); acizi asfaltogenici (sunt asemanatori rasinilor si sunt solubili in alcool etilic); asfaltene (au culoarea neagra, consistenta solida si sunt solubile in solventi aromatici si cu halogenati). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referințe"><span id="Referin.C8.9Be"></span>Referințe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrocarbur%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Referințe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrocarbur%C4%83&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Referințe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Silberberg-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Silberberg_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Silberberg_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Silberberg_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Silberberg_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Silberberg_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Silberberg_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Silberberg, Martin (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). <i>Chemistry: The Molecular Nature Of Matter and Change</i>. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-07-310169-9" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-07-310169-9">0-07-310169-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry%3A+The+Molecular+Nature+Of+Matter+and+Change&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Companies&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-07-310169-9&rft.au=Silberberg%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AHidrocarbur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Meierhenrich, Uwe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a2J23yPEaBQC&printsec=frontcover">Amino Acids and the Asymmetry of Life</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170302071809/https://books.google.com/books?id=a2J23yPEaBQC&printsec=frontcover">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2017-03-02">2 martie 2017</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Springer, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-3-540-76885-2" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-3-540-76885-2">ISBN: 978-3-540-76885-2</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrocarbur%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrocarbur%C4%83&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="padding:0.25em 0.5em 0.5em 0.75em;border:1px solid #aaa; color:var(--color-base, #000);"> <tbody><tr style="height:25px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;margin:auto;text-align:center;">Puteți găsi mai multe informații despre <b>Hidrocarbură</b> prin căutarea în proiectele similare ale Wikipediei, grupate sub denumirea generică de <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sister_projects" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Sister projects">„proiecte surori”</a>: </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td style="padding-top:0.75em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hidrocarbur%C4%83" title="Search Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/23px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/46px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.75em;"><a href="https://ro.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hidrocarbur%C4%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Hidrocarbură">Definiții și traduceri</a> în Wikționar </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hidrocarbur%C4%83" title="Search Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hidrocarbur%C4%83" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Hidrocarbură">Imagini și media</a> la Commons </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hidrocarbur%C4%83" title="Search Wikiquote"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://ro.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hidrocarbur%C4%83" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Hidrocarbură">Citate</a> la Wikicitat </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/A-level_Chemistry/OCR_(Salters)/Hydrocarbons" title="Search Wikibooks"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/A-level_Chemistry/OCR_(Salters)/Hydrocarbons" class="extiw" title="b:A-level Chemistry/OCR (Salters)/Hydrocarbons">Manuale</a> la Wikimanuale </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><cite class="citation web">Francis A. Carey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/278321">„Hydrocarbon”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Hydrocarbon&rft.au=Francis+A.+Carey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F278321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AHidrocarbur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldofmolecules.com/fuels/methane.htm">The Methane Molecule</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/portale/opencms/handle404?exporturi=/export/sites/default/Portale/sito/altre_aree/Tecnologia_e_Scienze_applicate/enciclopedia/inglese/inglese_vol_1/idro_vol__I__I_XXXVI_eng3.pdf">Encyclopedia of Hydrocarbons</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Hidrocarburi" title="Format:Hidrocarburi"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Hidrocarburi" title="Discuție Format:Hidrocarburi"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Hidrocarburi&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hidrocarburi</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Hidrocarburi<br />alifatice<br />saturate </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Alcan" title="Alcan">Alcani</a><br />C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>(2n + 2)</sub></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Alcani lineari</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">Metan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Etan" title="Etan">Etan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Propan" title="Propan">Propan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Butan" title="Butan">Butan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pentan" title="Pentan">Pentan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hexan" title="Hexan">Hexan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Heptan" title="Heptan">Heptan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Octan" title="Octan">Octan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nonan" title="Nonan">Nonan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Decan" class="mw-disambig" title="Decan">Decan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Alcani ramificați</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Izobutan" title="Izobutan">Izobutan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Izopentan" title="Izopentan">Izopentan</a> • <a href="/wiki/3-metilpentan" title="3-metilpentan">3-metilpentan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Neopentan" title="Neopentan">Neopentan</a> • <a href="/wiki/2-metilpentan" title="2-metilpentan">Izohexan</a> • <a href="/wiki/2-metilhexan" title="2-metilhexan">Izoheptan</a> • <a href="/wiki/2,2,4-trimetilpentan" title="2,2,4-trimetilpentan">Izooctan</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izononan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izononan — pagină inexistentă">Izononan</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izodecan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izodecan — pagină inexistentă">Izodecan</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Cicloalcan" title="Cicloalcan">Cicloalcani</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Ciclopropan" title="Ciclopropan">Ciclopropan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ciclobutan" title="Ciclobutan">Ciclobutan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ciclopentan" title="Ciclopentan">Ciclopentan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ciclohexan" title="Ciclohexan">Ciclohexan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cicloheptan" title="Cicloheptan">Cicloheptan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ciclooctan" title="Ciclooctan">Ciclooctan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ciclononan" title="Ciclononan">Ciclononan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ciclodecan" title="Ciclodecan">Ciclodecan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alchilcicloalcan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alchilcicloalcan — pagină inexistentă">Alchilcicloalcani</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Metilciclopropan" title="Metilciclopropan">Metilciclopropan</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metilciclobutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metilciclobutan — pagină inexistentă">Metilciclobutan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Metilciclopentan" title="Metilciclopentan">Metilciclopentan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Metilciclohexan" title="Metilciclohexan">Metilciclohexan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicicloalcan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bicicloalcan — pagină inexistentă">Bicicloalcani</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hausan — pagină inexistentă">Hausan</a> (biciclo[2.1.0]pentan) • <a href="/wiki/Norbornan" title="Norbornan">Norbornan</a> (biciclo[2.2.1]heptan) • <a href="/wiki/Decalin%C4%83" title="Decalină">Decalină</a> (biciclo[4.4.0]decan)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Policicloalcan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Policicloalcan — pagină inexistentă">Policicloalcani</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Adamantan" title="Adamantan">Adamantan</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diamondoid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diamondoid — pagină inexistentă">Diamondoid</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steran — pagină inexistentă">Steran</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cuban" title="Cuban">Cuban</a> • <a href="/wiki/Prisman" title="Prisman">Prisman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dodecaedran" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodecaedran">Dodecaedran</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baschetan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baschetan — pagină inexistentă">Baschetan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Altele</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spiroalcan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spiroalcan — pagină inexistentă">Spiroalcani</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Hidrocarburi<br />alifatice<br />nesaturate </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width: 8em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Alchen%C4%83" title="Alchenă">Alchene</a> <br />C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n</sub></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Alchene liniare</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Etilen%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Etilenă">Etenă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Propen%C4%83" title="Propenă">Propenă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Buten%C4%83" title="Butenă">Butenă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Penten%C4%83" title="Pentenă">Pentenă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hexen%C4%83" title="Hexenă">Hexenă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hepten%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heptenă — pagină inexistentă">Heptenă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Octen%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octenă — pagină inexistentă">Octenă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nonen%C4%83" title="Nonenă">Nonenă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Decen%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decenă — pagină inexistentă">Decenă</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Alchene ramificate</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Izobuten%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Izobutenă">Izobutenă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izopenten%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izopentenă — pagină inexistentă">Izopentenă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neopenten%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neopentenă — pagină inexistentă">Neopentenă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izohexen%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izohexenă — pagină inexistentă">Izohexenă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izohepten%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izoheptenă — pagină inexistentă">Izoheptenă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izoocten%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izooctenă — pagină inexistentă">Izooctenă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izononen%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izononenă — pagină inexistentă">Izononenă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izodecen%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izodecenă — pagină inexistentă">Izodecenă</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width: 8em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Alchin%C4%83" title="Alchină">Alchine</a><br />C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>(2n - 2)</sub></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Alchine lineare</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Acetilen%C4%83" title="Acetilenă">Etină</a> • <a href="/wiki/Propin%C4%83" title="Propină">Propină</a> • <a href="/wiki/Butin%C4%83" title="Butină">Butină</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pentin%C4%83" title="Pentină">Pentină</a> • <a href="/wiki/3-hexin%C4%83" title="3-hexină">Hexină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heptin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heptină — pagină inexistentă">Heptină</a> • <a href="/wiki/Octin%C4%83" title="Octină">Octină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nonin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nonină — pagină inexistentă">Nonină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=1-decin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-decină — pagină inexistentă">Decină</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Alchine ramificate</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izobutin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izobutină — pagină inexistentă">Izobutină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izopentin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izopentină — pagină inexistentă">Izopentină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neopentin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neopentină — pagină inexistentă">Neopentină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izohexin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izohexină — pagină inexistentă">Izohexină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izoheptin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izoheptină — pagină inexistentă">Izoheptină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izooctin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izooctină — pagină inexistentă">Izooctină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izononin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izononină — pagină inexistentă">Izononină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izodecin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izodecină — pagină inexistentă">Izodecină</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width: 8em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Cicloalchen%C4%83" title="Cicloalchenă">Cicloalchene</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Ciclopropen%C4%83" title="Ciclopropenă">Ciclopropenă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ciclobuten%C4%83" title="Ciclobutenă">Ciclobutenă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ciclopenten%C4%83" title="Ciclopentenă">Ciclopentenă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ciclohexen%C4%83" title="Ciclohexenă">Ciclohexenă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ciclohepten%C4%83" title="Cicloheptenă">Cicloheptenă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cicloocten%C4%83" title="Ciclooctenă">Ciclooctenă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciclononen%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciclononenă — pagină inexistentă">Ciclononenă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciclodecen%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciclodecenă — pagină inexistentă">Ciclodecenă</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width: 8em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Alchilcicloalchene</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/1-metilciclopropen%C4%83" title="1-metilciclopropenă">Metilciclopropenă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metilciclobuten%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metilciclobutenă — pagină inexistentă">Metilciclobutenă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metilciclopenten%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metilciclopentenă — pagină inexistentă">Metilciclopentenă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metilciclohexen%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metilciclohexenă — pagină inexistentă">Metilciclohexenă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izopropilciclohexen%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izopropilciclohexenă — pagină inexistentă">Izopropilciclohexenă</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width: 8em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Bicicloalchene</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbornen%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norbornenă — pagină inexistentă">Norbornenă</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width: 8em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Cicloalchin%C4%83" title="Cicloalchină">Cicloalchine</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciclopropin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciclopropină — pagină inexistentă">Ciclopropină</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ciclobutin%C4%83" title="Ciclobutină">Ciclobutină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciclopentin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciclopentină — pagină inexistentă">Ciclopentină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciclohexin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciclohexină — pagină inexistentă">Ciclohexină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cicloheptin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cicloheptină — pagină inexistentă">Cicloheptină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cicloctin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cicloctină — pagină inexistentă">Cicloctină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciclononin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciclononină — pagină inexistentă">Ciclononină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciclodecin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciclodecină — pagină inexistentă">Ciclodecină</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width: 8em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Alcadien%C4%83" title="Alcadienă">Alcadiene</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Propadien%C4%83" title="Propadienă">Propadienă</a> • <a href="/wiki/1,3-butadien%C4%83" title="1,3-butadienă">Butadienă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pentadien%C4%83" title="Pentadienă">Pentadienă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexadien%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexadienă — pagină inexistentă">Hexadienă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heptadien%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heptadienă — pagină inexistentă">Heptadienă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Octadien%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octadienă — pagină inexistentă">Octadienă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nonadien%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nonadienă — pagină inexistentă">Nonadienă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Decadien%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decadienă — pagină inexistentă">Decadienă</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width: 8em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Altele</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcatrien%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcatrienă — pagină inexistentă">Alcatrienă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcadiin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcadiină — pagină inexistentă">Alcadiină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alchenin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alchenină — pagină inexistentă">Alchenină</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cumulen%C4%83" title="Cumulenă">Cumulenă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ciclooctatetraen%C4%83" title="Ciclooctatetraenă">Ciclooctatetraenă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciclododecatrien%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciclododecatrienă — pagină inexistentă">Ciclododecatrienă</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrocarbur%C4%83_aromatic%C4%83" title="Hidrocarbură aromatică">Hidrocarburi aromatice</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrocarbur%C4%83_aromatic%C4%83_policiclic%C4%83" title="Hidrocarbură aromatică policiclică">HAP</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Acene" class="mw-redirect" title="Acene">Acene</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Naftalin%C4%83" title="Naftalină">Naftalină</a> • <a href="/wiki/Antracen" title="Antracen">Antracen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tetracen" title="Tetracen">Tetracen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pentacen" title="Pentacen">Pentacen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hexacen" title="Hexacen">Hexacen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Heptacen" title="Heptacen">Heptacen</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Altele</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Fluoren" title="Fluoren">Fluoren</a> • <a href="/wiki/Helicen" title="Helicen">Helicen</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Circulen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circulen — pagină inexistentă">Circulen</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Alchilbenzen" title="Alchilbenzen">Alchilbenzeni</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Toluen" title="Toluen">Toluen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Xilen" title="Xilen">Xilen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Etilbenzen" title="Etilbenzen">Etilbenzen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cumen" title="Cumen">Cumen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Stiren" title="Stiren">Stiren</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mesitilen" title="Mesitilen">Mesitilen</a> • <a href="/wiki/1,2,4-trimetilbenzen" title="1,2,4-trimetilbenzen">Pseudocumen</a> • <a href="/wiki/1,2,3-trimetilbenzen" title="1,2,3-trimetilbenzen">Hemimeliten</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hexametilbenzen" title="Hexametilbenzen">Meliten</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Altele</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Benzen" title="Benzen">Benzen</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Alte hidrocarburi </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Anulen%C4%83" title="Anulenă">Anulene</a> • Anuline • Compuși aliciclici • <a href="/wiki/Compus_spiro" title="Compus spiro">Compuși spiro</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX526287">XX526287</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a 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