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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Romans 1:29 They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed, and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice. They are gossips,</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/romans/1-29.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/7/45_Rom_01_29.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Romans 1:29 - God's Wrath against Sin" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed, and depravity. 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They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit and malice. They are gossips, <a href="/nlt/romans/1.htm">New Living Translation</a> Their lives became full of every kind of wickedness, sin, greed, hate, envy, murder, quarreling, deception, malicious behavior, and gossip. <a href="/esv/romans/1.htm">English Standard Version</a> They were filled with all manner of unrighteousness, evil, covetousness, malice. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, maliciousness. They are gossips, <a href="/bsb/romans/1.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed, and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice. They are gossips, <a href="/blb/romans/1.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, maliciousness; gossips, <a href="/kjv/romans/1.htm">King James Bible</a> Being filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers, <a href="/nkjv/romans/1.htm">New King James Version</a> being filled with all unrighteousness, sexual immorality, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, evil-mindedness; they are whisperers, <a href="/nasb_/romans/1.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> people having been filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, and evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice; they are gossips, <a href="/nasb/romans/1.htm">NASB 1995</a> being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice; they are gossips, <a href="/nasb77/romans/1.htm">NASB 1977 </a> being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice; they are gossips, <a href="/lsb/romans/1.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> having been filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice; they are gossips, <a href="/amp/romans/1.htm">Amplified Bible</a> until they were filled (permeated, saturated) with every kind of unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice and mean-spiritedness. They are gossips [spreading rumors], <a href="/csb/romans/1.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> They are filled with all unrighteousness, evil, greed, and wickedness. They are full of envy, murder, quarrels, deceit, and malice. They are gossips, <a href="/hcsb/romans/1.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> They are filled with all unrighteousness, evil, greed, and wickedness. They are full of envy, murder, quarrels, deceit, and malice. They are gossips, <a href="/asv/romans/1.htm">American Standard Version</a> being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malignity; whisperers, <a href="/cev/romans/1.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> They are evil, wicked, and greedy, as well as mean in every possible way. They want what others have, and they murder, argue, cheat, and are hard to get along with. They gossip, <a href="/erv/romans/1.htm">English Revised Version</a> being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malignity; whisperers, <a href="/gwt/romans/1.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> Their lives are filled with all kinds of sexual sins, wickedness, and greed. They are mean. They are filled with envy, murder, quarreling, deceit, and viciousness. They are gossips, <a href="/gnt/romans/1.htm">Good News Translation</a> They are filled with all kinds of wickedness, evil, greed, and vice; they are full of jealousy, murder, fighting, deceit, and malice. They gossip <a href="/isv/romans/1.htm">International Standard Version</a> They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed, and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, quarreling, deceit, and viciousness. They are gossips, <a href="/msb/romans/1.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, sexual immorality, evil, greed, and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice. They are gossips, <a href="/net/romans/1.htm">NET Bible</a> They are filled with every kind of unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, malice. They are rife with envy, murder, strife, deceit, hostility. They are gossips, <a href="/nheb/romans/1.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> being filled with all unrighteousness, sexual immorality, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, evil habits, secret slanderers, <a href="/wbt/romans/1.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> Being filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers, <a href="/wey/romans/1.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> Their hearts overflowed with all sorts of dishonesty, mischief, greed, malice. They were full of envy and murder, and were quarrelsome, crafty, and spiteful. <a href="/web/romans/1.htm">World English Bible</a> being filled with all unrighteousness, sexual immorality, wickedness, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, evil habits, secret slanderers, <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/romans/1.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> having been filled with all unrighteousness, whoredom, wickedness, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, evil dispositions; whisperers, <a href="/blb/romans/1.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, maliciousness; gossips, <a href="/ylt/romans/1.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> having been filled with all unrighteousness, whoredom, wickedness, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, evil dispositions; whisperers, <a href="/slt/romans/1.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> Having been filled with all injustice, fornication, wickedness, covetousness, badness; full of envy, slaughter, strife, deceit, malignity,<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/romans/1.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> Being filled with all iniquity, malice, fornication, avarice, wickedness, full of envy, murder, contention, deceit, malignity, whisperers, <a href="/cpdv/romans/1.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> having been completely filled with all iniquity, malice, fornication, avarice, wickedness; full of envy, murder, contention, deceit, spite, gossiping; <a href="/nabre/romans/1.htm">New American Bible</a> They are filled with every form of wickedness, evil, greed, and malice; full of envy, murder, rivalry, treachery, and spite. They are gossips <a href="/nrsvce/romans/1.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> They were filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, covetousness, malice. Full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, craftiness, they are gossips,<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/romans/1.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> Being filled with all manner of iniquity, fornication, bitterness, malice, extortion, envy, murder, strife, deceit, evil thoughts, <a href="/aramaic-plain-english/romans/1.htm">Aramaic Bible in Plain English</a> As they are filled with every injustice and fornication, bitterness, wickedness, greed, envy, murder, contention, treachery and wicked reasoning,<div class="vheading2">NT Translations</div><a href="/anderson/romans/1.htm">Anderson New Testament</a> as they were filled with all unrighteousness, lewdness, wickedness, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, contention, deceit, malignity; <a href="/godbey/romans/1.htm">Godbey New Testament</a> being filled with all injustice, wickedness, vice, covetousness; full of envy, murder, strife, deceitfulness, evil affection; <a href="/haweis/romans/1.htm">Haweis New Testament</a> replete with all injustice, whoredom, wickedness, covetousness, villany; full of envy, murder, contention, deceit, evil habits; whisperers, <a href="/mace/romans/1.htm">Mace New Testament</a> they were full of all injustice, fornication, mischief, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, contention, fraud, malignity; <a href="/wey/romans/1.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> Their hearts overflowed with all sorts of dishonesty, mischief, greed, malice. They were full of envy and murder, and were quarrelsome, crafty, and spiteful. <a href="/worrell/romans/1.htm">Worrell New Testament</a> having become filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malignity; whisperers, <a href="/worsley/romans/1.htm">Worsley New Testament</a> being filled with all injustice, lewdness, wickedness, covetousness, malignity; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and every evil habit; whisperers, <a href="/parallel/romans/1-29.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KIZs4GUMn-g?start=270" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/romans/1.htm">God's Wrath against Sin</a> …28Furthermore, since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, He gave them up to a depraved mind, to do what ought not to be done. 29<a href="/greek/4137.htm" title="4137: peplērōmenous (V-RPM/P-AMP) -- From pleres; to make replete, i.e. to cram, level up, or to furnish, satisfy, execute, finish, verify, etc.">They have become filled with</a> <a href="/greek/3956.htm" title="3956: pasē (Adj-DFS) -- All, the whole, every kind of. Including all the forms of declension; apparently a primary word; all, any, every, the whole.">every kind of</a> <a href="/greek/93.htm" title="93: adikia (N-DFS) -- Injustice, unrighteousness, hurt. From adikos; injustice; morally, wrongfulness.">wickedness,</a> <a href="/greek/4189.htm" title="4189: ponēria (N-DFS) -- Wickedness, iniquities. From poneros; depravity, i.e., malice; plural plots, sins.">evil,</a> <a href="/greek/4124.htm" title="4124: pleonexia (N-DFS) -- Covetousness, avarice, aggression, desire for advantage. From pleonektes; avarice, i.e. fraudulency, extortion.">greed,</a> <a href="/greek/2549.htm" title="2549: kakia (N-DFS) -- From kakos; badness, i.e. depravity, or malignity, or trouble.">and depravity.</a> <a href="/greek/3324.htm" title="3324: mestous (Adj-AMP) -- Full, filled with. Of uncertain derivation.">They are full</a> <a href="/greek/5355.htm" title="5355: phthonou (N-GMS) -- Envy, a grudge, spite. Probably akin to the base of phtheiro; ill-will, i.e. Jealousy.">of envy,</a> <a href="/greek/5408.htm" title="5408: phonou (N-GMS) -- Murder, slaughter, killing. From an obsolete primary pheno; murder.">murder,</a> <a href="/greek/2054.htm" title="2054: eridos (N-GFS) -- Contention, strife, wrangling. Of uncertain affinity; a quarrel, i.e. wrangling.">strife,</a> <a href="/greek/1388.htm" title="1388: dolou (N-GMS) -- Deceit, guile, treachery. From an obsolete primary verb, dello; a trick, i.e. wile.">deceit,</a> <a href="/greek/2550.htm" title="2550: kakoētheias (N-GFS) -- Evil-mindedness, malignity, malevolence. From a compound of kakos and ethos; bad character, i.e. mischievousness.">and malice.</a> <a href="/greek/5588.htm" title="5588: psithyristas (N-AMP) -- A whisperer, secret slanderer. From the same as psithurismos; a secret calumniator.">They are gossips,</a> 30slanderers, God-haters, insolent, arrogant, and boastful. They invent new forms of evil; they disobey their parents.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/galatians/5-19.htm">Galatians 5:19-21</a> The acts of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity, and debauchery; / idolatry and sorcery; hatred, discord, jealousy, and rage; rivalries, divisions, factions, / and envy; drunkenness, orgies, and the like. I warn you, as I did before, that those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God. <a href="/2_timothy/3-2.htm">2 Timothy 3:2-4</a> For men will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, boastful, arrogant, abusive, disobedient to their parents, ungrateful, unholy, / unloving, unforgiving, slanderous, without self-control, brutal, without love of good, / traitorous, reckless, conceited, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God, <a href="/colossians/3-5.htm">Colossians 3:5-8</a> Put to death, therefore, the components of your earthly nature: sexual immorality, impurity, lust, evil desires, and greed, which is idolatry. / Because of these, the wrath of God is coming on the sons of disobedience. / When you lived among them, you also used to walk in these ways. ... <a href="/ephesians/5-3.htm">Ephesians 5:3-5</a> But among you, as is proper among the saints, there must not be even a hint of sexual immorality, or of any kind of impurity, or of greed. / Nor should there be obscenity, foolish talk, or crude joking, which are out of character, but rather thanksgiving. / For of this you can be sure: No immoral, impure, or greedy person (that is, an idolater) has any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God. <a href="/1_corinthians/6-9.htm">1 Corinthians 6:9-10</a> Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor men who submit to or perform homosexual acts, / nor thieves, nor the greedy, nor drunkards, nor verbal abusers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God. <a href="/james/3-14.htm">James 3:14-16</a> But if you harbor bitter jealousy and selfish ambition in your hearts, do not boast in it or deny the truth. / Such wisdom does not come from above, but is earthly, unspiritual, demonic. / For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist, there will be disorder and every evil practice. <a href="/mark/7-21.htm">Mark 7:21-23</a> For from within the hearts of men come evil thoughts, sexual immorality, theft, murder, adultery, / greed, wickedness, deceit, debauchery, envy, slander, arrogance, and foolishness. / All these evils come from within, and these are what defile a man.” <a href="/1_peter/4-3.htm">1 Peter 4:3</a> For you have spent enough time in the past carrying out the same desires as the Gentiles: living in debauchery, lust, drunkenness, orgies, carousing, and detestable idolatry. <a href="/titus/3-3.htm">Titus 3:3</a> For at one time we too were foolish, disobedient, misled, and enslaved to all sorts of desires and pleasures—living in malice and envy, being hated and hating one another. <a href="/matthew/15-19.htm">Matthew 15:19</a> For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, and slander. <a href="/proverbs/6-16.htm">Proverbs 6:16-19</a> There are six things that the LORD hates, seven that are detestable to Him: / haughty eyes, a lying tongue, hands that shed innocent blood, / a heart that devises wicked schemes, feet that run swiftly to evil, ... <a href="/jeremiah/9-3.htm">Jeremiah 9:3-6</a> “They bend their tongues like bows; lies prevail over truth in the land. For they proceed from evil to evil, and they do not take Me into account,” declares the LORD. / “Let everyone guard against his neighbor; do not trust any brother, for every brother deals craftily, and every friend spreads slander. / Each one betrays his friend; no one tells the truth. They have taught their tongues to lie; they wear themselves out committing iniquity. ... <a href="/isaiah/59-3.htm">Isaiah 59:3-8</a> For your hands are stained with blood, and your fingers with iniquity; your lips have spoken lies, and your tongue mutters injustice. / No one calls for justice; no one pleads his case honestly. They rely on empty pleas; they tell lies; they conceive mischief and give birth to iniquity. / They hatch the eggs of vipers and weave a spider’s web. Whoever eats their eggs will die; crack one open, and a viper is hatched. ... <a href="/psalms/14-1.htm">Psalm 14:1-3</a> For the choirmaster. Of David. The fool says in his heart, “There is no God.” They are corrupt; their acts are vile. There is no one who does good. / The LORD looks down from heaven upon the sons of men to see if any understand, if any seek God. / All have turned away, they have together become corrupt; there is no one who does good, not even one. <a href="/genesis/6-5.htm">Genesis 6:5</a> Then the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great upon the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was altogether evil all the time.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>Being filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers,filled.<a href="/romans/3-10.htm">Romans 3:10</a> As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one:whisperers.<a href="/psalms/41-7.htm">Psalm 41:7</a> All that hate me whisper together against me: against me do they devise my hurt.<a href="/proverbs/16-28.htm">Proverbs 16:28</a> A froward man soweth strife: and a whisperer separateth chief friends.<a href="/proverbs/26-20.htm">Proverbs 26:20</a> Where no wood is, there the fire goeth out: so where there is no talebearer, the strife ceaseth.<div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/luke/12-15.htm">Covetousness</a> <a href="/acts/7-19.htm">Crafty</a> <a href="/acts/20-29.htm">Cruel</a> <a href="/acts/28-18.htm">Death</a> <a href="/acts/18-28.htm">Debate</a> <a href="/acts/13-10.htm">Deceit</a> <a href="/hosea/9-9.htm">Depravity</a> <a href="/romans/1-15.htm">Desire</a> <a href="/luke/16-9.htm">Dishonesty</a> <a href="/acts/17-5.htm">Envy</a> <a href="/romans/1-28.htm">Evil</a> <a href="/acts/27-18.htm">Fighting</a> <a href="/acts/24-25.htm">Filled</a> <a href="/acts/21-25.htm">Fornication</a> <a href="/romans/1-28.htm">Full</a> <a href="/acts/27-10.htm">Goods</a> <a href="/luke/12-15.htm">Greed</a> <a href="/1_peter/1-18.htm">Habits</a> <a href="/acts/8-3.htm">Hate</a> <a href="/romans/1-24.htm">Hearts</a> <a href="/acts/21-25.htm">Immorality</a> <a href="/acts/28-2.htm">Kind</a> <a href="/mark/7-22.htm">Malice</a> <a href="/1_peter/2-16.htm">Maliciousness</a> <a href="/acts/24-5.htm">Mischief</a> <a href="/acts/9-24.htm">Murder</a> <a href="/romans/1-14.htm">Others</a> <a href="/joel/3-13.htm">Overflowed</a> <a href="/acts/28-18.htm">Putting</a> <a href="/proverbs/27-15.htm">Quarrelsome</a> <a href="/acts/26-26.htm">Secret</a> <a href="/romans/1-24.htm">Sexual</a> <a href="/psalms/140-11.htm">Slanderers</a> <a href="/acts/25-7.htm">Sorts</a> <a href="/acts/25-7.htm">Statements</a> <a href="/acts/7-51.htm">Strife</a> <a href="/acts/28-30.htm">Talk</a> <a href="/romans/1-18.htm">Unrighteousness</a> <a href="/acts/28-10.htm">Ways</a> <a href="/isaiah/19-3.htm">Whisperers</a> <a href="/romans/1-18.htm">Wickedness</a> <a href="/romans/1-20.htm">Wrongdoing</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/romans/7-7.htm">Covetousness</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/12-16.htm">Crafty</a> <a href="/romans/8-35.htm">Cruel</a> <a href="/romans/1-32.htm">Death</a> <a href="/proverbs/13-10.htm">Debate</a> <a href="/romans/3-13.htm">Deceit</a> <a href="/2_peter/2-19.htm">Depravity</a> <a href="/romans/2-4.htm">Desire</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/4-2.htm">Dishonesty</a> <a href="/romans/10-19.htm">Envy</a> <a href="/romans/1-30.htm">Evil</a> <a href="/romans/13-13.htm">Fighting</a> <a href="/romans/15-14.htm">Filled</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/5-1.htm">Fornication</a> <a href="/romans/1-30.htm">Full</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/7-30.htm">Goods</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/5-11.htm">Greed</a> <a href="/romans/8-13.htm">Habits</a> <a href="/romans/7-15.htm">Hate</a> <a href="/romans/2-15.htm">Hearts</a> <a href="/romans/13-13.htm">Immorality</a> <a href="/romans/3-27.htm">Kind</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/5-8.htm">Malice</a> <a href="/1_peter/2-16.htm">Maliciousness</a> <a href="/james/3-8.htm">Mischief</a> <a href="/romans/13-9.htm">Murder</a> <a href="/romans/1-32.htm">Others</a> <a href="/romans/5-20.htm">Overflowed</a> <a href="/romans/2-4.htm">Putting</a> <a href="/1_timothy/3-3.htm">Quarrelsome</a> <a href="/romans/1-30.htm">Secret</a> <a href="/romans/13-13.htm">Sexual</a> <a href="/romans/1-30.htm">Slanderers</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/12-5.htm">Sorts</a> <a href="/colossians/3-9.htm">Statements</a> <a href="/romans/13-13.htm">Strife</a> <a href="/romans/1-30.htm">Talk</a> <a href="/romans/2-8.htm">Unrighteousness</a> <a href="/romans/1-30.htm">Ways</a> <a href="/psalms/58-5.htm">Whisperers</a> <a href="/romans/2-8.htm">Wickedness</a> <a href="/romans/3-5.htm">Wrongdoing</a><div class="vheading2">Romans 1</div>1. <a href="/romans/1-1.htm">Paul commends his calling to the Romans;</a> 9. <a href="/romans/1-9.htm">and his desire to come to them.</a> 16. <a href="/romans/1-16.htm">What his gospel is.</a> 18. <a href="/romans/1-18.htm">God is angry with sin.</a> 21. <a href="/romans/1-21.htm">What were the sins of mankind.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div 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class="padcom"><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading"><a href="/study/romans/1.htm">Berean Study Bible</a></div>They have become filled The Greek word used here is "peplērōmenous," which implies a state of being completely saturated or overwhelmed. This suggests a total immersion in sin, indicating that these individuals are not merely dabbling in wrongdoing but are entirely consumed by it. This phrase sets the stage for understanding the depth of human depravity apart from God, highlighting the need for divine intervention and redemption.with every kind of wickedness The term "wickedness" is translated from the Greek "adikía," which refers to injustice or unrighteousness. Historically, this word encompasses actions that are contrary to God's nature and law. It serves as a broad category under which all forms of moral corruption fall, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of human sinfulness.evil The Greek word "ponēría" is used here, denoting a malicious or harmful intent. This word is often associated with actions that are not only morally wrong but also destructive to others. In a historical context, this term would resonate with the early Christian audience familiar with the pervasive moral decay of the Roman Empire.greed "Pleonexía" is the Greek term, which conveys an insatiable desire for more, often at the expense of others. This word reflects a heart condition that prioritizes self-interest over the well-being of others, a concept that is consistently condemned throughout Scripture as contrary to the selfless love exemplified by Christ.and depravity The word "kakía" in Greek refers to a general moral badness or malignity. It suggests a deep-seated corruption that affects one's character and actions. This term underscores the inherent sinfulness of humanity, which, according to conservative Christian theology, can only be remedied through the transformative power of the Holy Spirit.They are full of envy "Phthonos" is the Greek word for envy, indicating a resentful awareness of another's advantage or possessions. This term highlights the destructive nature of coveting what others have, which can lead to further sin and division within communities.murder The Greek word "phonos" is used here, which directly translates to murder or killing. This term is a stark reminder of the ultimate consequence of unchecked sin—taking the life of another, which is a direct violation of God's commandment and an affront to the sanctity of life.strife "Eris" in Greek refers to discord or contention. This word paints a picture of ongoing conflict and division, often resulting from pride and selfish ambition. Historically, strife was a common issue in the early church, necessitating apostolic correction and guidance.deceit The Greek term "dolos" implies trickery or cunning. This word suggests a deliberate attempt to mislead or manipulate others, which is antithetical to the truth and integrity that God desires from His people.and malice "Kakothēia" is the Greek word for malice, indicating a desire to harm others. This term reflects a heart posture that is opposed to the love and kindness that Christians are called to exhibit.They are gossips The Greek word "psithuristēs" refers to whisperers or secret slanderers. This term highlights the destructive power of words spoken in secret, which can undermine trust and unity within the body of Christ. Gossip is consistently condemned in Scripture as it sows discord and damages relationships.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/romans/1.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(29, 30) Whisperers, backbiters.--In the Greek the idea of secresy is contained chiefly in the first of these words. "Secret backbiters and slanderers of every kind."<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/romans/1.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verses 29-31. - Being filled with all unrighteousness, [fornication], wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malignity; whisperers, backbiters, hated of God, despiteful (rather, insolent), proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, without understanding, covenant-breakers, without natural affection [implacable], unmerciful. Here not personal uncleanness only, but general and utter disregard of moral restraints and obligations (too prevalent, doubtless, at that time in civilized heathendom), is pointed out as the final judicial issue. The words used do not seem to be arranged on any exact system, but to have been written down as they occurred to the writer, being intended to be as comprehensive as possible. Among them those put above within brackets rest on weak authority. Πλεονεξία, translated here, as usually elsewhere, "covetousness," means generally "inordinate desire," not necessarily of riches; and St. Paul seems generally to use it with reference to inordinate lust (cf. <a href="/ephesians/4-19.htm">Ephesians 4:19</a>; <a href="/ephesians/5-3.htm">Ephesians 5:3</a>; <a href="/colossians/3-3.htm">Colossians 3:3</a>; also <a href="/1_thessalonians/4-6.htm">1 Thessalonians 4:6</a> and <a href="/2_peter/2-14.htm">2 Peter 2:14</a>; and, for πλεονέκτης, <a href="/ephesians/5-5.htm">Ephesians 5:5</a>, The word θεοστυγεῖς, both from its formation (compare θεοφιλὴς and φιλόθεος, with other instances), and its ordinary use in classical Greek (it occurs here only in the New Testament) must certainly be taken to mean "God-hated," not "God-haters." It seems suggested here by the previous καταλάλους, being (we may suppose) used commonly of the delatores who are known to have been a special pest of society at that period of Roman history. Alford quotes Tacitus, 'Ann.,' 6:7, where they are called "Principi quidem grati, et Deo exosi;" also Philo, 'Ap Damascen.,' Διάβολοι καὶ θείας ἀποπέμπτοι χάριτος οἱ τὴν αὐτὴν ἐκέινω διαβολικὴν νοσοῦντες κακοτεχνίαν θεοστυγεῖς τε καὶ θεομισεῖς πάντη. In ver. 31 the collocation of ἀσυνέτους and ἀσυνθέτους seems to have been suggested by similarity of sound, there being no apparent link of ideas. The latter word is rightly translated in the Authorized Version, as is also ἀσόνδους; ἀσυνθέτους being one who breaks treaties, "faithless;" ἀσπονδους, one who refuses to enter into a truce or treaty, "implacable." <a href="/commentaries/romans/1-29.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Greek</div>They have become filled with πεπληρωμένους (peplērōmenous) Verb - Perfect Participle Middle or Passive - Accusative Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_4137.htm">Strong's 4137: </a> From pleres; to make replete, i.e. to cram, level up, or to furnish, satisfy, execute, finish, verify, etc. every kind of πάσῃ (pasē) Adjective - Dative Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3956.htm">Strong's 3956: </a> All, the whole, every kind of. Including all the forms of declension; apparently a primary word; all, any, every, the whole. wickedness, ἀδικίᾳ (adikia) Noun - Dative Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_93.htm">Strong's 93: </a> Injustice, unrighteousness, hurt. From adikos; injustice; morally, wrongfulness. evil, πονηρίᾳ (ponēria) Noun - Dative Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_4189.htm">Strong's 4189: </a> Wickedness, iniquities. From poneros; depravity, i.e., malice; plural plots, sins. greed, πλεονεξίᾳ (pleonexia) Noun - Dative Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_4124.htm">Strong's 4124: </a> Covetousness, avarice, aggression, desire for advantage. From pleonektes; avarice, i.e. fraudulency, extortion. [and] hatred. κακίᾳ (kakia) Noun - Dative Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2549.htm">Strong's 2549: </a> From kakos; badness, i.e. depravity, or malignity, or trouble. [They are] full μεστοὺς (mestous) Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3324.htm">Strong's 3324: </a> Full, filled with. Of uncertain derivation. of envy, φθόνου (phthonou) Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_5355.htm">Strong's 5355: </a> Envy, a grudge, spite. Probably akin to the base of phtheiro; ill-will, i.e. Jealousy. murder, φόνου (phonou) Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_5408.htm">Strong's 5408: </a> Murder, slaughter, killing. From an obsolete primary pheno; murder. strife, ἔριδος (eridos) Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2054.htm">Strong's 2054: </a> Contention, strife, wrangling. Of uncertain affinity; a quarrel, i.e. wrangling. deceit, δόλου (dolou) Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1388.htm">Strong's 1388: </a> Deceit, guile, treachery. From an obsolete primary verb, dello; a trick, i.e. wile. [and] malice. κακοηθείας (kakoētheias) Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2550.htm">Strong's 2550: </a> Evil-mindedness, malignity, malevolence. From a compound of kakos and ethos; bad character, i.e. mischievousness. [They are] gossips, ψιθυριστάς (psithyristas) Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_5588.htm">Strong's 5588: </a> A whisperer, secret slanderer. From the same as psithurismos; a secret calumniator. <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/romans/1-29.htm">Romans 1:29 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/romans/1-29.htm">Romans 1:29 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/romans/1-29.htm">Romans 1:29 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/romans/1-29.htm">Romans 1:29 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/romans/1-29.htm">Romans 1:29 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/romans/1-29.htm">Romans 1:29 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/romans/1-29.htm">Romans 1:29 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/romans/1-29.htm">Romans 1:29 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/romans/1-29.htm">Romans 1:29 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/romans/1-29.htm">Romans 1:29 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/romans/1-29.htm">NT Letters: Romans 1:29 Being filled with all unrighteousness sexual immorality (Rom. Ro) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/romans/1-28.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Romans 1:28"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Romans 1:28" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/romans/1-30.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Romans 1:30"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Romans 1:30" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>