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袣邪泻 褋褌褉芯懈谢懈 薪芯胁褘泄 写芯屑 薪邪 袛邪谢褜薪械屑 袙芯褋褌芯泻械 袪芯褋褋懈懈

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home__intro-1"><div class=home__left><div class=home__scroller><div class="home__img-text for-desktop"><img src=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/intro__text.png alt="袘械褋泻褉邪泄薪懈泄 泻褉邪泄薪懈泄. 袣邪泻 褋褌褉芯懈谢懈 薪芯胁褘泄 写芯屑 薪邪 袛邪谢褜薪械屑 胁芯褋褌芯泻械 袪芯褋褋懈懈"></div><div class="home__title for-devices">袘械褋泻褉邪泄薪懈泄 泻褉邪泄薪懈泄</div><div class="home__subtitle for-devices">袣邪泻 褋褌褉芯懈谢懈<span class=for-desktop>&nbsp;</span><br class=for-devices>薪芯胁褘泄<img class="home__subtitle-img home__subtitle-img-1" src=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/house.svg alt=袛芯屑>写芯屑<br>薪邪&nbsp;<img class="home__subtitle-img home__subtitle-img-2" src=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/pillar.svg alt=袛芯屑>&nbsp;袛邪谢褜薪械屑 胁芯褋褌芯泻械&nbsp;<img class="home__subtitle-img home__subtitle-img-3" src=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/compas.svg alt=袣芯屑锌邪褋> 袪芯褋褋懈懈</div><div class=home__share><button class=sharing type=button data-social=vk><svg><use xlink:href=/beskrayniy-vostok/spritemap.svg#icon-vk></use></svg></button><button class=sharing type=button data-social=ok><svg><use xlink:href=/beskrayniy-vostok/spritemap.svg#icon-ok></use></svg></button><button class=sharing type=button data-social=tg><svg><use xlink:href=/beskrayniy-vostok/spritemap.svg#icon-tg></use></svg></button></div></div></div><div class=home__right><picture class=home__cover><source srcset=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/bg-mobile.jpg type=image/jpg media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source srcset=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/bg.jpg type=image/jpg media="(min-width: 1025px)"><img src=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/bg.jpg alt="袣邪褉褌邪 袪芯褋褋懈懈" decoding=async></picture></div></div><div class=home__intro><div class=home__left><picture class=home__cover><source srcset=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/map-1-mobile.jpg type=image/jpg media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source srcset=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/map-1.jpg type=image/jpg media="(min-width: 1025px)"><img src=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/map-1.jpg alt="袣邪褉褌邪 袪芯褋褋懈懈" decoding=async></picture><div class="home__year for-desktop">1689</div></div><div class=home__right><div class=home__scroller><div class="home__year for-devices">1689</div><div class=home__h2>袧械褉褔懈薪褋泻懈泄 写芯谐芯胁芯褉</div><div class=home__text>袙锌械褉胁褘械 褉褍褋褋泻懈械 锌械褉胁芯锌褉芯褏芯写褑褘 褋褌褍锌懈谢懈 薪邪&nbsp;褌械褉褉懈褌芯褉懈褞 袩褉懈邪屑褍褉褜褟 胁&nbsp;褋械褉械写懈薪械 XVII&nbsp;胁械泻邪. 孝芯谐写邪&nbsp;卸械 屑械卸写褍 袪褍褋褋泻懈屑 褑邪褉褋褌胁芯屑 懈&nbsp;屑邪薪褜褔卸褍褉褋泻芯泄 懈屑锌械褉懈械泄 笑懈薪, 褋械谐芯写薪褟 懈蟹胁械褋褌薪芯泄 泻邪泻 袣懈褌邪泄, 锌褉芯懈蟹芯褕谢邪 褋械褉懈褟 锌褉懈谐褉邪薪懈褔薪褘褏 泻芯薪褎谢懈泻褌芯胁. 袣芯薪械褑 胁芯械薪薪褘屑 写械泄褋褌胁懈褟屑 锌芯谢芯卸懈谢 袧械褉褔懈薪褋泻懈泄 写芯谐芯胁芯褉 1689&nbsp;谐芯写邪, 锌芯&nbsp;泻芯褌芯褉芯屑褍 袪芯褋褋懈褟 褍褋褌褍锌邪谢邪 锌芯褔褌懈 胁褋械 蟹械屑谢懈 锌芯&nbsp;胁械褉褏薪械屑褍 袗屑褍褉褍. 袨写薪邪泻芯 褔邪褋褌褜 蟹械屑械谢褜 芯褋褌邪胁邪谢邪褋褜 薪械褉邪蟹谐褉邪薪懈褔械薪薪芯泄 械褖褢 写芯谢谐芯械 胁褉械屑褟. 袧邪&nbsp;芯谐褉芯屑薪芯泄 褌械褉褉懈褌芯褉懈懈 屑械卸写褍 写胁褍屑褟 谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁邪屑懈 胁芯褑邪褉懈谢邪褋褜 褌懈褕懈薪邪.</div></div></div></div><div class=home__intro><div class=home__left><div class="home__year for-desktop">1858</div><picture class=home__cover><source srcset=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/map-2-mobile.jpg type=image/jpg media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source srcset=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/map-2.jpg type=image/jpg media="(min-width: 1025px)"><img src=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/map-2.jpg alt="袣邪褉褌邪 袪芯褋褋懈懈" decoding=async></picture></div><div class=home__right><div class=home__scroller><div class="home__year for-devices">1858</div><div class=home__h2>袗泄谐褍薪褋泻懈泄 写芯谐芯胁芯褉</div><div class=home__text><div class="home__caption home__caption--legend for-desktop">孝械褉褉懈褌芯褉懈懈, 锌褉懈褋芯械写懈薪褢薪薪褘械 锌芯&nbsp;袗泄谐褍薪褋泻芯屑褍 写芯谐芯胁芯褉褍</div><p>袠薪褌械褉械褋 泻&nbsp;袩褉懈邪屑褍褉褜褞 胁芯蟹芯斜薪芯胁懈谢褋褟 谢懈褕褜 胁&nbsp;褋械褉械写懈薪械 XIX&nbsp;胁械泻邪. 袩芯褉邪卸械薪懈械 胁&nbsp;<span data-tooltip="袣褉褘屑褋泻邪褟 胁芯泄薪邪 (1853&amp;ndash;1856) 胁械谢邪褋褜 屑械卸写褍 袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻芯泄 懈屑锌械褉懈械泄 懈&amp;nbsp;泻芯邪谢懈褑懈械泄 懈蟹&amp;nbsp;褔械褌褘褉褢褏 褋褌褉邪薪&amp;nbsp;&amp;mdash; 袘褉懈褌邪薪褋泻芯泄, 肖褉邪薪褑褍蟹褋泻芯泄, 袨褋屑邪薪褋泻芯泄 懈屑锌械褉懈泄 懈&amp;nbsp;小邪褉写懈薪褋泻芯谐芯 泻芯褉芯谢械胁褋褌胁邪&amp;nbsp;&amp;mdash; 蟹邪&amp;nbsp;谐芯褋锌芯写褋褌胁芯 薪邪&amp;nbsp;袘谢懈卸薪械屑 袙芯褋褌芯泻械. 袩芯&amp;nbsp;褍褋谢芯胁懈褟屑 袩邪褉懈卸褋泻芯谐芯 屑懈褉邪 袪芯褋褋懈懈, 胁&amp;nbsp;褔邪褋褌薪芯褋褌懈, 蟹邪锌褉械褖邪谢芯褋褜 懈屑械褌褜 褎谢芯褌 薪邪&amp;nbsp;效褢褉薪芯屑 屑芯褉械.">袣褉褘屑褋泻芯泄 胁芯泄薪械</span> 锌芯写褌芯谢泻薪褍谢芯 袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻褍褞 懈屑锌械褉懈褞 胁械褉薪褍褌褜褋褟 泻&nbsp;胁芯锌褉芯褋褍 芯锌褉械写械谢械薪懈褟 褋胁芯械泄 胁芯褋褌芯褔薪芯泄 谐褉邪薪懈褑褘. 袣懈褌邪泄 褌械屑 胁褉械屑械薪械屑 斜褘谢 芯褏胁邪褔械薪 <span data-tooltip="袚谢邪胁薪芯泄 锌褉懈褔懈薪芯泄 袨锌懈褍屑薪褘褏 胁芯泄薪 (1840&amp;ndash;1842 懈&amp;nbsp;1856&amp;ndash;1860) 褋褌邪谢芯 褋褌褉械屑谢械薪懈械 袣懈褌邪褟 芯谐褉邪写懈褌褜 褋胁芯泄 褉褘薪芯泻 芯褌&amp;nbsp;懈薪芯褋褌褉邪薪薪芯谐芯 胁谢懈褟薪懈褟, 锌褉懈褌芯屑 褔褌芯 懈褏&amp;nbsp;褌芯胁邪褉褘 锌芯谢褜蟹芯胁邪谢懈褋褜 斜芯谢褜褕懈屑 褋锌褉芯褋芯屑 胁&amp;nbsp;袝胁褉芯锌械. 效褌芯斜褘 锌芯写芯褉胁邪褌褜 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻褍 懈蟹芯谢褟褑懈懈 袣懈褌邪褟, 邪薪谐谢懈褔邪薪械 褋褌邪谢懈 薪械谢械谐邪谢褜薪芯 褌芯褉谐芯胁邪褌褜 薪邪&amp;nbsp;械谐芯 褌械褉褉懈褌芯褉懈懈 芯锌懈褍屑芯屑.">袙褌芯褉芯泄 芯锌懈褍屑薪芯泄 胁芯泄薪芯泄</span> 褋&nbsp;袙械谢懈泻芯斜褉懈褌邪薪懈械泄 懈&nbsp;肖褉邪薪褑懈械泄. 效褌芯斜褘 褍泻褉械锌懈褌褜 写懈锌谢芯屑邪褌懈褔械褋泻懈械 芯褌薪芯褕械薪懈褟 褋&nbsp;袪芯褋褋懈械泄 懈&nbsp;懈蟹斜械卸邪褌褜 胁芯泄薪褘 薪邪&nbsp;写胁邪 褎褉芯薪褌邪, 泻懈褌邪泄褋泻芯械 锌褉邪胁懈褌械谢褜褋褌胁芯 褋芯谐谢邪褋懈谢芯褋褜 锌芯写锌懈褋邪褌褜 袗泄谐褍薪褋泻懈泄 写芯谐芯胁芯褉. 孝邪泻, 16&nbsp;屑邪褟 1858 谐芯写邪 屑械卸写褍 写胁褍屑褟 懈屑锌械褉懈褟屑懈 斜褘谢邪 锌褉芯胁械写械薪邪 谐褉邪薪懈褑邪: 谢械胁褘泄 斜械褉械谐 袗屑褍褉邪 锌褉芯胁芯蟹谐谢邪褕邪谢褋褟 褉芯褋褋懈泄褋泻懈屑 胁谢邪写械薪懈械屑, 邪&nbsp;锌褉邪胁褘泄&nbsp;&mdash; 写芯&nbsp;褉械泻懈 校褋褋褍褉懈&nbsp;&mdash; 蟹邪泻褉械锌谢褟谢褋褟 蟹邪&nbsp;袣懈褌邪械屑.</p></div></div></div></div><div class=home__intro><div class=home__left><div class="home__year for-desktop">1860</div><picture class=home__cover><source srcset=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/map-3-mobile.jpg type=image/jpg media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source srcset=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/map-3.jpg type=image/jpg media="(min-width: 1025px)"><img src=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/map-3.jpg alt="袣邪褉褌邪 袪芯褋褋懈懈" decoding=async></picture></div><div class=home__right><div class=home__scroller><div class="home__year for-devices">1860</div><div class=home__h2>袩械泻懈薪褋泻懈泄 写芯谐芯胁芯褉</div><div class=home__text><div class="home__caption home__caption--legend for-desktop">孝械褉褉懈褌芯褉懈懈, 锌褉懈褋芯械写懈薪褢薪薪褘械 锌芯&nbsp;袩械泻懈薪褋泻芯屑褍 写芯谐芯胁芯褉褍</div><p>袩褉芯褕褢谢 谐芯写, 薪芯&nbsp;泻懈褌邪泄褑褘 薪械&nbsp;褉邪褌懈褎懈褑懈褉芯胁邪谢懈 写芯泻褍屑械薪褌 懈&nbsp;芯褌泻邪蟹邪谢懈褋褜 胁芯蟹胁褉邪褖邪褌褜褋褟 泻&nbsp;锌械褉械谐芯胁芯褉邪屑: 泻褉邪褌泻芯褋褉芯褔薪褘泄 褍褋锌械褏 胁&nbsp;袨锌懈褍屑薪芯泄 胁芯泄薪械 褍斜械写懈谢 懈褏&nbsp;胁&nbsp;胁芯蟹屑芯卸薪芯褋褌懈 芯褌褉邪蟹懈褌褜 懈薪芯褋褌褉邪薪薪褍褞 褍谐褉芯蟹褍 褋邪屑芯褋褌芯褟褌械谢褜薪芯. 袨写薪邪泻芯 胁&nbsp;褋械薪褌褟斜褉械 1860 谐芯写邪 褏芯写 胁芯械薪薪芯谐芯 泻芯薪褎谢懈泻褌邪 胁薪芯胁褜 锌械褉械谢芯屑懈谢褋褟: 邪薪谐谢芯-褎褉邪薪褑褍蟹褋泻懈械 胁芯泄褋泻邪 锌芯写芯褕谢懈 泻&nbsp;袩械泻懈薪褍. 孝芯谐写邪 袣懈褌邪泄 锌芯锌褉芯褋懈谢 袪芯褋褋懈褞 胁褘褋褌褍锌懈褌褜 锌芯褋褉械写薪懈泻芯屑 胁&nbsp;锌械褉械谐芯胁芯褉邪褏 褋&nbsp;蟹邪锌邪写薪褘屑懈 写械褉卸邪胁邪屑懈. 袙&nbsp;褉械蟹褍谢褜褌邪褌械 袩械泻懈薪 斜褘谢 褋锌邪褋褢薪 芯褌&nbsp;褕褌褍褉屑邪, 邪&nbsp;屑薪芯谐芯谢械褌薪褟褟 袨锌懈褍屑薪邪褟 胁芯泄薪邪 蟹邪泻芯薪褔懈谢邪褋褜. 效械褉械蟹 薪械褋泻芯谢褜泻芯 写薪械泄 袪芯褋褋懈褟 懈&nbsp;袣懈褌邪泄 蟹邪泻谢褞褔懈谢懈 袩械泻懈薪褋泻懈泄 写芯谐芯胁芯褉, 锌芯&nbsp;泻芯褌芯褉芯屑褍 袩褉懈邪屑褍褉褜械 芯泻芯薪褔邪褌械谢褜薪芯 褋褌邪谢芯 褉芯褋褋懈泄褋泻芯泄 褌械褉褉懈褌芯褉懈械泄.</p></div></div></div></div><div class=home__intro><div class="home__left home__left--4"><picture class=home__cover><source srcset=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/man-mobile.jpg type=image/jpg media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source srcset=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/man.jpg type=image/jpg media="(min-width: 1025px)"><img src=/beskrayniy-vostok/assets/images/home/man.jpg alt="" decoding=async></picture></div><div class="home__right home__right--4"><div class=home__text>袠褋褌芯褉懈褟 芯褋胁芯械薪懈褟 胁芯褋褌芯褔薪芯泄 芯泻褉邪懈薪褘, 懈谢懈 泻褉邪泄薪械谐芯 胁芯褋褌芯泻邪 (褌邪泻 胁&nbsp;薪邪褉芯写械 薪邪蟹褘胁邪谢懈 褝褌懈 蟹械屑谢懈), 锌芯谢薪邪 谐械褉芯懈蟹屑邪 懈&nbsp;懈薪褌褉懈谐, 胁蟹谢褢褌芯胁 懈&nbsp;锌邪写械薪懈泄. 袨写薪芯 屑芯卸薪芯 褋泻邪蟹邪褌褜 薪邪胁械褉薪褟泻邪: 褋锌褍褋褌褟 锌芯谢胁械泻邪 锌芯褋谢械 锌褉懈褋芯械写懈薪械薪懈褟 褝褌邪 褌械褉褉懈褌芯褉懈褟 胁芯&nbsp;屑薪芯谐芯屑 芯褌谢懈褔邪谢邪褋褜 芯褌&nbsp;写褉褍谐懈褏 褉械谐懈芯薪芯胁 袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻芯泄 懈屑锌械褉懈懈. 袛芯谢褟 谐芯褉芯写褋泻芯谐芯 薪邪褋械谢械薪懈褟 蟹写械褋褜 斜褘谢邪 胁褘褕械, 褔械屑 胁&nbsp;写褉褍谐懈褏 芯斜谢邪褋褌褟褏. 袚芯褉芯卸邪薪械 褍卸械 褌芯谐写邪 褏芯写懈谢懈 胁&nbsp;屑邪谐邪蟹懈薪褘, 泻芯褌芯褉褘械 胁&nbsp;斜褍写褍褖械屑 薪邪蟹芯胁褍褌 褋褍锌械褉屑邪褉泻械褌邪屑懈, 邪&nbsp;泻褉械褋褌褜褟薪械 褔邪褖械 懈褋锌芯谢褜蟹芯胁邪谢懈 屑械褏邪薪懈蟹懈褉芯胁邪薪薪褘泄 褌褉褍写. 孝械屑 胁褉械屑械薪械屑 褋褍写褜斜芯薪芯褋薪褘械 褉械褕械薪懈褟 芯&nbsp;褉邪蟹胁懈褌懈懈 褉械谐懈芯薪邪 锌褉懈薪懈屑邪谢懈褋褜 蟹邪&nbsp;8&nbsp;褌褘褋.&nbsp;泻屑&nbsp;胁&nbsp;袩械褌械褉斜褍褉谐械. 袧芯&nbsp;褔褌芯 蟹薪邪谢懈 胁&nbsp;褋褌芯谢懈褑械 芯&nbsp;胁芯褋褌芯褔薪芯泄 芯泻褉邪懈薪械?</div></div></div></div><div class=home__overlay></div></div><div class=page-body><div class=footer><div class=footer__container><div class=footer__works><div class=footer__title>袧邪写 锌褉芯械泻褌芯屑 褉邪斜芯褌邪谢懈:</div><div class=footer__list><div class="footer__item footer__item--1"><div class=footer__position><div class=footer__text>袗胁褌芯褉</div></div><div class=footer__name><div class=footer__text><b>袩芯谢懈薪邪 袟邪褏邪褉芯胁邪</b></div></div></div><div class="footer__item footer__item--2"><div class=footer__position><div class=footer__text>袪械写邪泻褌芯褉褘</div></div><div class=footer__name><div class=footer__text><b>袗薪邪褋褌邪褋懈褟 袘邪褞卸械胁邪,</b></div><div class=footer__text><b>袣褋械薪懈褟 袘械蟹胁懈泻芯薪薪邪褟,</b></div><div class=footer__text><b>袛邪褉褜褟 袛芯薪懈薪邪</b></div></div></div><div class="footer__item footer__item--3"><div class=footer__position><div class=footer__text>袪械写邪泻褌芯褉褘 懈薪褎芯谐褉邪褎懈泻懈</div></div><div class=footer__name><div class=footer__text><b>袦邪褉懈褟 啸芯屑褍褌芯胁邪,</b></div><div class=footer__text><b>小邪斜懈薪邪 袙邪褏懈褌芯胁邪</b></div></div></div><div class="footer__item footer__item--4"><div class=footer__position><div class=footer__text>袛懈蟹邪泄薪械褉</div></div><div class=footer__name><div class=footer__text><b>袣芯薪褋褌邪薪褌懈薪 袣邪泻芯胁泻懈薪</b></div></div></div><div class="footer__item footer__item--5"><div class=footer__position><div class=footer__text>袠谢谢褞褋褌褉邪褌芯褉</div></div><div class=footer__name><div class=footer__text><b>袗薪邪褋褌邪褋懈褟 袟芯褌芯胁邪</b></div></div></div><div class="footer__item footer__item--6"><div class=footer__position><div class=footer__text>袗褉褌-写懈褉械泻褌芯褉</div></div><div class=footer__name><div class=footer__text><b>袙邪褋懈谢懈泄 袝谐芯褉芯胁</b></div></div></div><div class="footer__item footer__item--7"><div class=footer__position><div class=footer__text>袦械薪械写卸械褉 锌褉芯械泻褌邪</div></div><div class=footer__name><div class=footer__text><b>袛屑懈褌褉懈泄 袣褍谢懈泻芯胁</b></div></div></div><div class="footer__item footer__item--8"><div class=footer__position><div class=footer__text>袘懈谢褜写-褉械写邪泻褌芯褉</div></div><div class=footer__name><div class=footer__text><b>袗薪邪褋褌邪褋懈褟 袣芯蟹褍谢懈薪邪</b></div></div></div><div class="footer__item footer__item--9"><div class=footer__position><div class=footer__text>袩芯屑芯褖褜 胁&nbsp;褋斜芯褉械 写邪薪薪褘褏</div></div><div class=footer__name><div class=footer__text><b>袙褟褔械褋谢邪胁 袣芯褋褌褘谢械胁</b></div></div></div><div class="footer__item footer__item--10"><div class=footer__position><div class=footer__text>袩褉芯写胁懈卸械薪懈械 胁&nbsp;褋芯褑褋械褌褟褏</div></div><div class=footer__name><div class=footer__text><b>袛邪褉褜褟 袣邪谢懈薪懈薪邪,</b></div><div class=footer__text><b>袩芯谢懈薪邪 袦褟褋芯械写芯胁邪,</b></div><div class=footer__text><b>袗薪薪邪 携泻褍褕械胁邪</b></div></div></div></div><div class=footer__text><p>孝袗小小 胁褘褉邪卸邪械褌 斜谢邪谐芯写邪褉薪芯褋褌褜 蟹邪&nbsp;锌芯屑芯褖褜 胁&nbsp;锌芯写谐芯褌芯胁泻械 锌褉芯械泻褌邪 c芯褌褉褍写薪懈泻邪屑 啸邪斜邪褉芯胁褋泻芯谐芯 泻褉邪械胁芯谐芯 屑褍蟹械褟 懈屑械薪懈 袧.袠. 袚褉芯写械泻芯胁邪: 蟹邪胁械写褍褞褖械屑褍 薪邪褍褔薪芯-懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪褌械谢褜褋泻懈屑 芯褌写械谢芯屑 懈褋褌芯褉懈懈 <b>袗薪薪械 袗胁械褉懈薪芯泄</b>, 邪&nbsp;褌邪泻卸械 褋褌邪褉褕懈屑 薪邪褍褔薪褘屑 褋芯褌褉褍写薪懈泻邪屑 薪邪褍褔薪芯-懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪褌械谢褜褋泻芯谐芯 芯褌写械谢邪 懈褋褌芯褉懈懈 <b>袙邪谢械薪褌懈薪械&nbsp;袪械写褔褍薪</b> 懈&nbsp;<b>袗谢械泻褋械褞&nbsp;楔械褋褌邪泻芯胁褍</b>.</p></div><div class="footer__text for-desktop"><p>&copy;&nbsp;袠薪褎芯褉屑邪褑懈芯薪薪芯械 邪谐械薪褌褋褌胁芯 孝袗小小, 2023</p><p>小胁懈写械褌械谢褜褋褌胁芯 芯&nbsp;褉械谐懈褋褌褉邪褑懈懈 小袦袠 &#8470;&nbsp;03247 胁褘写邪薪芯 2&nbsp;邪锌褉械谢褟 1999&nbsp;谐. 袚芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪褘屑 泻芯屑懈褌械褌芯屑 袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻芯泄 肖械写械褉邪褑懈懈 锌芯&nbsp;锌械褔邪褌懈. 袨褌写械谢褜薪褘械 锌褍斜谢懈泻邪褑懈懈 屑芯谐褍褌 褋芯写械褉卸邪褌褜 懈薪褎芯褉屑邪褑懈褞, 薪械&nbsp;锌褉械写薪邪蟹薪邪褔械薪薪褍褞 写谢褟 锌芯谢褜蟹芯胁邪褌械谢械泄 写芯&nbsp;16&nbsp;谢械褌.</p></div><a class="footer__button for-desktop" href=https://tass.ru/specialprojects target=_blank>效懈褌邪泄褌械 写褉褍谐懈械 褋锌械褑锌褉芯械泻褌褘 孝袗小小</a></div><div class=footer__materials><div class="footer__title footer__title--materials">袙&nbsp;屑邪褌械褉懈邪谢械 懈褋锌芯谢褜蟹芯胁邪薪褘 褎芯褌芯谐褉邪褎懈懈:</div><div class="footer__text footer__text--materials">袠蟹&nbsp;泻芯谢谢械泻褑懈懈 袚芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪芯谐芯 屑褍蟹械褟 袥.袧. 孝芯谢褋褌芯谐芯, 邪褉褏懈胁邪 袦袘校 &laquo;袣褉邪械胁械写褔械褋泻懈泄 屑褍蟹械泄 懈屑械薪懈 袧.袚. 袝胁褋械械胁邪&raquo;, 袚芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪芯谐芯 芯斜褗械写懈薪褢薪薪芯谐芯 屑褍蟹械褟-蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻邪 懈褋褌芯褉懈懈 袛邪谢褜薪械谐芯 袙芯褋褌芯泻邪 懈屑械薪懈 袙.袣. 袗褉褋械薪褜械胁邪, 袣袚袘袧校袣 &laquo;啸邪斜邪褉芯胁褋泻懈泄 泻褉邪械胁芯泄 屑褍蟹械泄 懈屑械薪懈 袧.袠. 袚褉芯写械泻芯胁邪&raquo;, 袦袗校袣 &laquo;袦褍蟹械泄 懈褋褌芯褉懈懈 谐芯褉芯写邪 啸邪斜邪褉芯胁褋泻邪&raquo;, Public Domain/Wikimedia Commons, traditio.wiki, 褎芯褌芯褏褉芯薪懈泻懈 孝袗小小 懈&nbsp;协写谐邪褉 袘褉褞褏邪薪械薪泻芯/孝袗小小.</div><div class="footer__title footer__title--materials for-desktop">袠褋褌芯褔薪懈泻懈:</div><div class="footer__button footer__button--sources for-devices js-footer-source-button"><div class=footer__title>袠褋褌芯褔薪懈泻懈</div></div><div class="footer__wrapper footer__wrapper--source js-footer-source-list"><ul class="footer__text footer__text--source"><li>袗袙袩袪袠, 褎.148, 芯锌.&nbsp;487, 写.&nbsp;749, 谢. 2&ndash;3.</li><li>袗蟹懈邪褌褋泻邪褟 袪芯褋褋懈褟: 胁&nbsp;3&nbsp;褌. 孝. 1. 袥褞写懈 懈&nbsp;锌芯褉褟写泻懈 蟹邪&nbsp;校褉邪谢芯屑. 小袩斜.: 袩械褉械褋械谢械薪褔. 褍锌褉. 袚谢. 褍锌褉. 蟹械屑谢械褍褋褌褉芯懈虇褋褌胁邪 懈&nbsp;蟹械屑谢械写械谢懈褟, 1914.</li><li>袗谢械泻褋械械胁 袗.袠. 袨褋胁芯械薪懈械 褉褍褋褋泻懈屑懈 谢褞写褜屑懈 袛邪谢褜薪械谐芯 袙芯褋褌芯泻邪 懈&nbsp;袪褍褋褋泻芯懈虇 袗屑械褉懈泻懈 写芯&nbsp;泻芯薪褑邪 XIX&nbsp;胁械泻邪. 袦.: 袧邪褍泻邪, 1982.</li><li>袗屑褍褉褋泻懈懈虇 谢懈褋褌芯泻.&nbsp;1912. 26&nbsp;褟薪胁邪褉褟.</li><li>袗褉谐褍写褟械胁邪 挟.袙. 袪芯谢褜 袧.袧. 袦褍褉邪胁褜械虉胁邪-袗屑褍褉褋泻芯谐芯 胁&nbsp;锌械褉械褋械谢械薪懈懈 泻褉械褋褌褜褟薪 懈&nbsp;泻邪蟹邪泻芯胁 胁&nbsp;薪懈蟹芯胁褜褟&nbsp;褉. 袗屑褍褉 // 袙械褋褌薪懈泻 袛袙袨 袪袗袧. 2009. &#8470;&nbsp;5.</li><li>袗褉褋械薪褜械胁 袙.袣. 袙褋褌褉械褔懈 胁&nbsp;褌邪泄谐械: 褉邪褋褋泻邪蟹褘. 效懈褌邪: 效懈褌. 芯斜谢. 谐芯褋. 懈蟹写-胁芯, 1951.</li><li>袗褉褋械薪褜械胁 袙.袣. 袞懈蟹薪褜 懈&nbsp;锌褉懈泻谢褞褔械薪懈褟 胁&nbsp;褌邪泄谐械&nbsp;/ 袙褋褌褍锌. 褋褌邪褌褜褟, 锌芯写谐芯褌芯胁泻邪 褌械泻褋褌邪 懈&nbsp;锌褉懈屑械褔. 袦.袣. 袗蟹邪写芯胁褋泻芯谐芯. 袦.: 袚械芯谐褉邪褎谐懈蟹, 1957.</li><li>袗褉褌械屑褜械胁 袗.袪. 袨&nbsp;薪械泻芯褌芯褉褘褏 褋锌芯褉薪褘褏 胁芯锌褉芯褋邪褏 锌芯谐褉邪薪懈褔薪芯谐芯 褉邪蟹屑械卸械胁邪薪懈褟 屑械卸写褍 袪芯褋褋懈械泄 懈&nbsp;袣懈褌邪械屑 锌芯&nbsp;袧械褉褔懈薪褋泻芯屑褍 写芯谐芯胁芯褉褍 1689&nbsp;谐. // 袙械褋褌薪懈泻 袛袙袨 袪袗袧. 2002. &#8470;&nbsp;1.</li><li>袗褌谢邪褋 袗蟹懈邪褌褋泻芯懈虇 袪芯褋褋懈懈&nbsp;/ 锌芯写 褉褍泻. 袚.袙. 袚谢懈薪泻懈; 褌械泻褋褌 褉械写邪泻褌懈褉芯胁邪薪 袠.袠. 孝褏芯褉卸械胁褋泻懈屑; 芯斜褖邪褟 褉械写. 泻邪褉褌 锌褉懈薪邪写谢械卸懈褌 袦.袗. 笑胁械褌泻芯胁褍. &mdash;&nbsp;小袩斜.: 袩械褉械褋械谢械薪褔械褋泻芯械 褍锌褉邪胁谢械薪懈械, 1914.</li><li>袘邪泻褍薪懈薪 袦.袗. 袩懈褋褜屑芯 袦.袧. 袣邪褌泻芯胁褍.&nbsp;21&nbsp;褟薪胁邪褉褟 1859&nbsp;谐. // 袘邪泻褍薪懈薪 袦.袗. 小芯斜褉邪薪懈械 褋芯褔懈薪械薪懈懈虇 懈&nbsp;锌懈褋械屑 (1828&ndash;1876). 袙&nbsp;4&nbsp;褌. 孝.4. 袙&nbsp;褌褞褉褜屑邪褏 懈&nbsp;褋褋褘谢泻械. 1849&ndash;1861. 袦., 1935.</li><li>袘邪褉邪斜芯谢褟 袝.袙. 袪芯褋褋懈懈虇褋泻邪褟 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻邪 薪邪&nbsp;袛邪谢褜薪械屑 袙芯褋褌芯泻械 胁&nbsp;褋械褉械写懈薪械 XIX&nbsp;胁. // 袪芯褋褋懈褟 懈&nbsp;袗孝袪. 2009. &#8470;&nbsp;4.</li><li>袘邪褉斜械薪泻芯 携.袗. 袪邪蟹褉械褕械薪懈械 袗屑褍褉褋泻芯谐芯 胁芯锌褉芯褋邪: 褋薪邪褔邪谢邪 锌褉懈褋芯械写懈薪懈褌褜, 蟹邪褌械屑 谢械谐懈褌懈屑懈褉芯胁邪褌褜 // 袪芯褋褋懈褟 懈&nbsp;袗孝袪. 2019. &#8470;&nbsp;2.</li><li>袘邪褉褋褍泻芯胁 袠.袩. 袚褉邪褎 袧懈泻芯谢邪泄 袧懈泻芯谢邪械胁懈褔 袦褍褉邪胁褜褢胁-袗屑褍褉褋泻懈泄 锌芯&nbsp;械谐芯 锌懈褋褜屑邪屑, 芯褎懈褑懈邪谢褜薪褘屑 写芯泻褍屑械薪褌邪屑, 褉邪褋褋泻邪蟹邪屑 褋芯胁褉械屑械薪薪懈泻芯胁 懈&nbsp;锌械褔邪褌薪褘屑 懈褋褌芯褔薪懈泻邪屑: (袦邪褌械褉懈邪谢褘 写谢褟 斜懈芯谐褉.). 袣薪. 1&ndash;2. 袦.: 小懈薪芯写. 褌懈锌., 1891.</li><li><a href=https://bigenc.ru/ target=_blank>袘芯谢褜褕邪褟 褉芯褋褋懈泄褋泻邪褟 褝薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟.</a></li><li><a href=http://bse.sci-lib.com/ target=_blank>袘芯谢褜褕邪褟 褋芯胁械褌褋泻邪褟 褝薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟.</a></li><li>袘褉芯胁泻芯 袩.肖., 袩芯薪芯屑邪褉褢胁 小.袗.&nbsp;袚.袠. 袧械胁械谢褜褋泻芯泄: 袗屑褍褉褋泻邪褟 褝泻褋锌械写懈褑懈褟 懈&nbsp;褉械褕械薪懈械 锌芯谐褉邪薪懈褔薪芯谐芯 胁芯锌褉芯褋邪 薪邪&nbsp;胁芯褋褌芯泻械 袪芯褋褋懈懈 // 袙械褋褌薪懈泻 袛袙袨 袪袗袧. 2013. &#8470;&nbsp;6.</li><li>袘褍褉懈谢芯胁邪 袦.肖. 肖邪屑懈谢懈褟 袩谢褞褋薪懈薪褘褏 胁&nbsp;懈褋褌芯褉懈懈 啸邪斜邪褉芯胁褋泻邪 // 袠褋褌芯褉懈褟 懈&nbsp;泻褍谢褜褌褍褉邪 袩褉懈邪屑褍褉褜褟.&nbsp;2012. &#8470;&nbsp;2 (12).</li><li>袘褍褉懈谢芯胁邪 袦.肖. 啸邪斜邪褉芯胁褋泻 泻褍锌械褔械褋泻懈泄 胁&nbsp;褎芯褌芯谐褉邪褎懈褟褏 懈&nbsp;写芯泻褍屑械薪褌邪褏. 啸邪斜邪褉芯胁褋泻: 袩褉懈邪屑褍褉褋泻懈械 袙械写芯屑芯褋褌懈, 1998.</li><li>袘褍褋褋械 肖.肖. 袩械褉械褋械谢械薪懈械 泻褉械褋褌褜褟薪 屑芯褉械屑 胁&nbsp;挟卸薪芯-校褋褋褍褉懈泄褋泻懈泄 泻褉邪泄 胁&nbsp;1883&ndash;1893&nbsp;谐芯写邪褏. 小袩斜.: 褌懈锌. 褌-胁邪 &laquo;袨斜褖械褋褌胁械薪薪邪褟 锌芯谢褜蟹邪&raquo;, 1896.</li><li>袙械谢懈泻邪褟 袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻邪褟 褉械胁芯谢褞褑懈褟 1917&nbsp;谐.&nbsp;胁&nbsp;褋褍写褜斜邪褏 褋褌褉邪薪 懈&nbsp;薪邪褉芯写芯胁 屑懈褉邪. 小斜. 薪邪褍褔.&nbsp;褋褌. 锌芯写 褉械写. 袥.袠. 袚邪谢谢褟屑芯胁芯泄. 袙谢邪写懈胁芯褋褌芯泻: 袠袠袗协 袛袙袨 袪袗袧, 2018.</li><li>袙械薪褞泻芯胁 袦.袠. 袙芯褋锌芯屑懈薪邪薪懈褟 芯&nbsp;蟹邪褋械谢械薪懈懈 袗屑褍褉邪 胁&nbsp;1857&ndash;1858&nbsp;谐谐. // 袪褍褋褋泻邪褟 褋褌邪褉懈薪邪.&nbsp;1879. 孝. 24. &#8470;&nbsp;1.</li><li>袙械薪褞泻芯胁 袦.袠. 袩褍褌械褕械褋褌胁懈褟 锌芯&nbsp;袩褉懈邪屑褍褉褜褞, 袣懈褌邪褞 懈&nbsp;携锌芯薪懈懈. 啸邪斜邪褉芯胁褋泻: 袛邪谢褜谐懈蟹, 1952.</li><li>袙懈褌褌械 小.挟. 袙芯褋锌芯屑懈薪邪薪懈褟: 褑邪褉褋褌胁芯胁邪薪懈械 袧懈泻芯谢邪褟 II. 袘械褉谢懈薪: 小谢芯胁芯, 1922.</li><li>袙芯谢芯褔邪械胁邪 袗.袙. 袧械褉褔懈薪褋泻邪褟 褍谐芯谢芯胁薪邪褟 泻邪褌芯褉谐邪 胁芯&nbsp;胁褌芯褉芯泄 锌芯谢芯胁懈薪械 XIX&nbsp;胁械泻邪: 写懈褋. ... 泻邪薪写. 懈褋褌. 薪邪褍泻. 效懈褌邪, 2009.</li><li>袙芯谢芯褔邪械胁邪 袗.袙. 袩芯谢芯卸械薪懈械 锌褉械褋褌褍锌薪懈泻芯胁 褉邪蟹褉褟写邪 懈褋锌褉邪胁谢褟褞褖懈褏褋褟 薪邪&nbsp;袧械褉褔懈薪褋泻芯泄 褍谐芯谢芯胁薪芯泄 泻邪褌芯褉谐械 胁芯&nbsp;胁褌芯褉芯泄 锌芯谢芯胁懈薪械 XIX 胁械泻邪 // 袩褉懈谐褉邪薪懈褔薪褘懈虇 褉械谐懈芯薪 胁&nbsp;懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻芯屑 褉邪蟹胁懈褌懈懈: 锌邪褉褌薪械虉褉褋褌胁芯 懈&nbsp;褋芯褌褉褍写薪懈褔械褋褌胁芯. 袦邪褌械褉懈邪谢褘 屑械卸写褍薪邪褉芯写薪芯懈虇 薪邪褍褔薪芯-锌褉邪泻褌懈褔械褋泻芯懈虇 泻芯薪褎械褉械薪褑懈懈, 锌芯褋胁褟褖械虉薪薪芯懈虇 80-谢械褌懈褞 袩芯斜械写褘 褋芯胁械褌褋泻懈褏 懈&nbsp;屑芯薪谐芯谢褜褋泻懈褏 胁芯懈虇褋泻 薪邪&nbsp;褉械泻械 啸邪谢褏懈薪-袚芯谢. 效懈褌邪, 2019.</li><li>袙芯谢褘薪械褑 袗.袧. 袛械褉械胁褟薪薪褘械 锌褍褕泻懈 袣懈褌邪褟. 袪芯褋褋懈褟 懈&nbsp;袣懈褌邪泄&nbsp;&mdash; 屑械卸写褍 褋芯褞蟹芯屑 懈&nbsp;泻芯薪褎谢懈泻褌芯屑. 袦.: 协泻褋屑芯, 2017.</li><li>袙褘褋芯褔邪泄褕械 泻芯屑邪薪写懈褉芯胁邪薪薪芯谐芯 薪邪&nbsp;袛邪谢褜薪懈泄 袙芯褋褌芯泻 褌芯胁邪褉懈褖邪 谐谢邪胁薪芯泻芯屑邪薪写褍褞褖械谐芯 蟹械屑谢械褍褋褌褉芯懈褌.&nbsp;懈&nbsp;蟹械屑谢械写. 褋械薪邪褌芯褉邪 袠胁邪薪懈褑泻芯谐芯 芯褌褔械褌 锌芯&nbsp;锌械褉械褋械谢械薪褔械褋泻芯屑褍 写械谢褍. 小袩斜., 1909.</li><li>袚邪谢谢褟屑芯胁邪 袥.袠. 1917 谐芯写 薪邪&nbsp;袛邪谢褜薪械屑 袙芯褋褌芯泻械 袪芯褋褋懈懈: 褉械谐懈芯薪邪谢褜薪褘械 芯褋芯斜械薪薪芯褋褌懈 褋芯褑懈邪谢褜薪芯-锌芯谢懈褌懈褔械褋泻懈褏 褌褉邪薪褋褎芯褉屑邪褑懈泄 // 袪芯褋褋懈褟 懈&nbsp;袗孝袪. 2017. &#8470;&nbsp;3.</li><li>袚芯薪褔邪褉芯胁 袠.袗. 袩芯&nbsp;袙芯褋褌芯褔薪芯懈虇 小懈斜懈褉懈: 袙&nbsp;携泻褍褌褋泻械 懈&nbsp;袠褉泻褍褌褋泻械 // 袪褍褋褋泻芯械 芯斜芯蟹褉械薪懈械.&nbsp;1891. &#8470;&nbsp;1.</li><li>袚褉械斜械薪褖懈泻芯胁 袦.袚. 袩褍褌械胁褘械 蟹邪锌懈褋泻懈 懈&nbsp;胁芯褋锌芯屑懈薪邪薪懈褟 锌芯&nbsp;袛邪谢褜薪械屑褍 袙芯褋褌芯泻褍. 小袩斜.: 褌懈锌. 携.袠. 袥懈斜械褉屑邪薪邪, 1887.</li><li>袚褍蟹械泄 携.小. 袘芯泻褋褢褉褋泻芯械 胁芯褋褋褌邪薪懈械 懈&nbsp;褋懈薪写褉芯屑 &laquo;卸褢谢褌芯泄 芯锌邪褋薪芯褋褌懈&raquo;: 邪薪褌懈泻懈褌邪泄褋泻懈械 薪邪褋褌褉芯械薪懈褟 薪邪&nbsp;褉芯褋褋懈泄褋泻芯屑 袛邪谢褜薪械屑 袙芯褋褌芯泻械 (1898&ndash;1902&nbsp;谐谐.) // 袠蟹胁械褋褌懈褟 袗谢褌袚校. 2011. &#8470;&nbsp;4&ndash;2 (72).</li><li>袛邪褌褌邪薪 袗.袙. 袠褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈泄 芯褔械褉泻 褉邪蟹胁懈褌懈褟 袩褉懈邪屑褍褉褋泻芯泄 褌芯褉谐芯胁谢懈. 袦.: 褌懈锌. 孝.袠. 袚邪谐械薪, 1897.</li><li>袛褍斜懈薪懈薪邪 袧.袠.&nbsp;袧.袠. 袚褉芯写械泻芯胁 芯&nbsp;胁芯械薪薪褘褏 褋芯斜褘褌懈褟褏 胁&nbsp;袦邪薪褜褔卸褍褉懈懈 胁&nbsp;1900&ndash;1901&nbsp;谐谐.&nbsp;懈&nbsp;懈褏&nbsp;锌芯褋谢械写褋褌胁懈褟褏 写谢褟 芯褋胁芯械薪懈褟 袩褉懈邪屑褍褉褜褟 // 袪芯褋褋懈褟 懈&nbsp;袗孝袪. 2019. &#8470;&nbsp;2 (104).</li><li>袛褟褌谢芯胁 袙.袠. &laquo;袘谢邪谐芯胁械褖械薪褋泻邪褟 褌褉邪谐械写懈褟&raquo;: 懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻邪褟 锌邪屑褟褌褜 懈&nbsp;懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻邪褟 芯褌胁械褌褋褌胁械薪薪芯褋褌褜 // 袛褉褍卸斜邪 薪邪褉芯写芯胁.&nbsp;2012. &#8470;&nbsp;10.</li><li>袝褉屑芯谢邪械胁 袗.袧. 袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻芯-邪屑械褉懈泻邪薪褋泻邪褟 泻芯屑锌邪薪懈褟 懈&nbsp;械褢&nbsp;褉芯谢褜 胁&nbsp;芯褋胁芯械薪懈懈 袛邪谢褜薪械谐芯 袙芯褋褌芯泻邪 // 协袣袨. 2017. &#8470;&nbsp;3.</li><li>袞褢谢褌褘械 懈&nbsp;斜械谢褘械 // 袛邪谢褜薪懈懈虇 袙芯褋褌芯泻.&nbsp;1895. &#8470;&nbsp;41.</li><li>袟邪斜芯褉懈薪褋泻懈泄 袗.袠. 袚褉邪褎 袧懈泻芯谢邪泄 袧懈泻芯谢邪械胁懈褔 袦褍褉邪胁褜褢胁-袗屑褍褉褋泻懈泄 胁&nbsp;1848&ndash;1856&nbsp;谐谐.: 袨褔械褉泻 懈&nbsp;锌懈褋褜屑邪. 小袩斜.: 褌懈锌. 袙.小. 袘邪谢邪褕械胁邪, 1883.</li><li>袟褍械胁邪 袧.小. 袩械褉械褋械谢械薪褔械褋泻邪褟 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻邪 褉芯褋褋懈泄褋泻芯谐芯 锌褉邪胁懈褌械谢褜褋褌胁邪 薪邪&nbsp;袛邪谢褜薪械屑 袙芯褋褌芯泻械 胁&nbsp;锌械褉懈芯写 褋褌芯谢褘锌懈薪褋泻懈褏 褉械褎芯褉屑: 写懈褋. ... 泻邪薪写. 懈褋褌. 薪邪褍泻. 袦., 2016.</li><li>袠胁邪薪芯胁邪 袥.袙. 袙泻谢邪写 泻芯褉械泄褋泻懈褏 锌械褉械褋械谢械薪褑械胁 胁&nbsp;褉邪蟹胁懈褌懈械 袛邪谢褜薪械谐芯 袙芯褋褌芯泻邪 // 袙谢邪褋褌褜 懈&nbsp;褍锌褉邪胁谢械薪懈械 薪邪&nbsp;袙芯褋褌芯泻械 袪芯褋褋懈懈.&nbsp;2007. &#8470;&nbsp;1 (38).</li><li>袠蟹胁械褋褌懈褟 袙谢邪写懈胁芯褋褌芯泻褋泻芯谐芯 小芯胁械褌邪.&nbsp;1917. 19&nbsp;褋械薪褌褟斜褉褟.</li><li><a href=https://histrf.ru/ target=_blank>袠褋褌芯褉懈褟.袪肖, 褎械写械褉邪谢褜薪褘泄 锌芯褉褌邪谢.</a></li><li>袠褋褌芯褉懈褟 袛邪谢褜薪械谐芯 袙芯褋褌芯泻邪 小小小袪 胁&nbsp;褝锌芯褏褍 褎械芯写邪谢懈蟹屑邪 懈&nbsp;泻邪锌懈褌邪谢懈蟹屑邪 (XVII&nbsp;胁. &mdash;&nbsp;褎械胁褉.&nbsp;1917&nbsp;谐.).&nbsp;/ 芯褌胁. 褉械写. 袗.袠. 袣褉褍褕邪薪芯胁. &mdash;&nbsp;袦.: 袧邪褍泻邪, 1991.</li><li>袣邪斜邪薪芯胁 袧.袝. 袙谢邪写懈屑懈褉 袣谢邪胁写懈械胁懈褔 袗褉褋械薪褜械胁, 锌褍褌械褕械褋褌胁械薪薪懈泻 懈&nbsp;薪邪褌褍褉邪谢懈褋褌. 1872&ndash;1930. 袦.: 袦芯褋泻. 芯-胁芯 懈褋锌褘褌邪褌械谢械泄 锌褉懈褉芯写褘, 1947.</li><li>袣邪斜褍蟹邪薪 袙.袦. 袛邪谢褜薪械胁芯褋褌芯褔薪褘泄 泻褉邪泄 胁&nbsp;XVII&nbsp;&mdash; 薪邪褔邪谢械 XX&nbsp;胁. (1640&ndash;1917): 懈褋褌.-写械屑芯谐褉. 芯褔械褉泻&nbsp;/ 芯褌胁. 褉械写. 袗.袥. 袧邪褉芯褔薪懈褑泻懈泄. 袦.: 袧邪褍泻邪, 1985.</li><li>袣邪写褘褉斜邪械胁 袗.楔. 袨褌泻褉褘褌懈械 懈&nbsp;芯褋胁芯械薪懈械 小邪褏邪谢懈薪邪: 泻芯屑褍 锌褉懈薪邪写谢械卸懈褌 锌邪谢褜屑邪 锌械褉胁械薪褋褌胁邪? // 袙芯褋褌芯褔薪褘泄 邪褉褏懈胁.&nbsp;2014. &#8470;&nbsp;1 (29).</li><li>袣邪褉褌邪 袙芯褋褌芯褔薪芯泄 小懈斜懈褉懈 胁芯&nbsp;胁褉械屑褟 谐械薪械褉邪谢-谐褍斜械褉薪邪褌芯褉褋褌胁邪 谐褉邪褎邪 袧.袧. 袦褍褉邪胁褜褢胁邪-袗屑褍褉褋泻芯谐芯. 小袩斜: 袣邪褉褌芯谐褉邪褎懈褔械褋泻芯械 蟹邪胁械写械薪懈械 袗.&nbsp;袠谢褜懈薪邪, 1900.</li><li><a href="https://map.runivers.ru/?year=1462" target=_blank>袣邪褉褌芯谐褉邪褎懈褔械褋泻懈泄 锌褉芯械泻褌 &laquo;袚褉邪薪懈褑褘 袪芯褋褋懈懈&raquo;, 褝谢械泻褌褉芯薪薪邪褟 褝薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟 懈&nbsp;斜懈斜谢懈芯褌械泻邪 &laquo;袪褍薪懈胁械褉褋&raquo;.</a></li><li>袣邪褍褎屑邪薪 袗.袗. 袩械褉械褋械谢械薪懈械 懈&nbsp;泻芯谢芯薪懈蟹邪褑懈褟. 小袩斜.: 褌懈锌. 褌-胁邪 &laquo;袨斜褖械褋褌胁械薪薪邪褟 锌芯谢褜蟹邪&raquo;, 1905.</li><li>袣械薪薪邪薪 袛卸. 小懈斜懈褉褜 懈&nbsp;褋褋褘谢泻邪. 袩褍褌械胁褘械 蟹邪屑械褌泻懈 (1885&ndash;1886&nbsp;谐谐.). 小袩斜.: 袪褍褋褋泻芯-斜邪谢褌懈泄褋泻懈泄 懈薪褎芯褉屑邪褑懈芯薪薪褘泄 褑械薪褌褉 袘袥袠笑, 1999.</li><li>袣芯褉邪斜谢懈薪 袣.袣. 袠蟹&nbsp;懈褋褌芯褉懈懈 芯褋胁芯械薪懈褟 袙芯褋褌芯褔薪芯泄 小懈斜懈褉懈 懈&nbsp;袛邪谢褜薪械谐芯 袙芯褋褌芯泻邪 袪芯褋褋懈懈 (胁褌芯褉邪褟 锌芯谢芯胁懈薪邪 啸I啸&nbsp;&mdash; 薪邪褔邪谢芯&nbsp;啸啸 胁械泻邪) // 袧邪褉芯写 懈&nbsp;胁谢邪褋褌褜: 胁蟹邪懈屑芯写械泄褋褌胁懈械 胁&nbsp;懈褋褌芯褉懈懈 懈&nbsp;褋芯胁褉械屑械薪薪芯褋褌懈: 薪邪褍褔薪褘泄 械卸械谐芯写薪懈泻 褎邪泻褍谢褜褌械褌邪 锌褉邪胁邪 袧袠校 袙楔协&nbsp;&mdash; 袧. 袧芯胁谐芯褉芯写. 袙褘锌.&nbsp;5. 袧.&nbsp;袧芯胁谐芯褉芯写: 袧袠校 袙楔协&nbsp;&mdash; 袧. 袧芯胁谐芯褉芯写, 2018.</li><li>袣芯褉邪斜谢懈薪 袣.袣. 袣邪褌芯褉谐邪 薪邪&nbsp;小邪褏邪谢懈薪械 泻邪泻 芯锌褘褌 锌褉懈薪褍写懈褌械谢褜薪芯泄 泻芯谢芯薪懈蟹邪褑懈懈 // 袙械褋褌薪懈泻 袛袙袨 袪袗袧. 2005. &#8470;&nbsp;2.</li><li>袣芯褉邪斜谢懈薪 袣.袣. 袪芯谢褜 锌褉懈薪褍写懈褌械谢褜薪芯谐芯 邪褉械褋褌邪薪褌褋泻芯谐芯 褌褉褍写邪 胁&nbsp;芯褋胁芯械薪懈懈 褉褍褋褋泻芯谐芯 袛邪谢褜薪械谐芯 袙芯褋褌芯泻邪 (胁褌芯褉邪褟 锌芯谢芯胁懈薪邪 啸I啸&nbsp;&mdash; 薪邪褔邪谢芯&nbsp;啸啸 褋褌芯谢械褌懈褟) // 袨斜褉邪蟹芯胁邪薪懈械 懈&nbsp;锌褉邪胁芯.&nbsp;2021. &#8470;&nbsp;3.</li><li>袣褉芯锌芯褌泻懈薪 袩.袗. 袟邪锌懈褋泻懈 褉械胁芯谢褞褑懈芯薪械褉邪. 袦.: 袩袪袨袟袗懈袣, 2018.</li><li>袣褉褍卸邪谢懈薪邪 袗.袗. 袦邪薪蟹褘 懈&nbsp;褏褍薪褏褍蟹褘 胁&nbsp;锌芯胁褋械写薪械胁薪芯泄 卸懈蟹薪懈 袛邪谢褜薪械谐芯 袙芯褋褌芯泻邪 (胁褌芯褉邪褟 锌芯谢芯胁懈薪邪 XIX&nbsp;胁械泻邪) // 袙械褋褌薪懈泻 袘褍褉褟褌褋泻芯谐芯 谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪芯谐芯 褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌邪.&nbsp;2015. &#8470;&nbsp;7.</li><li>袣褍泻械谢褜 袘.袣. 袠蟹&nbsp;懈褋褌芯褉懈懈 锌褉懈褋芯械写懈薪械薪懈褟 袩褉懈邪屑褍褉褋泻芯谐芯 泻褉邪褟 // 袠褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈泄 胁械褋褌薪懈泻.&nbsp;1896. 孝. 65. &#8470;&nbsp;9.</li><li>袣褍褔械褉褍泻 孝. 袩械褉械褋械谢械薪械褑 懈&nbsp;械谐芯 褋械谢褜褋泻芯褏芯蟹褟懈虇褋褌胁械薪薪邪褟 卸懈蟹薪褜 // 袩褉懈屑芯褉褋泻懈懈虇 褏芯蟹褟懈薪.&nbsp;1916. &#8470;&nbsp;5&ndash;6.</li><li>袥懈胁械薪褑械胁 袛.袙. 袨褉谐邪薪懈蟹邪褑懈褟 泻芯谢芯薪懈蟹邪褑懈懈 褋邪褏邪谢懈薪褋泻芯泄 泻邪褌芯褉谐懈 褉芯褋褋懈泄褋泻懈屑 袛芯斜褉芯胁芯谢褜薪褘屑 褎谢芯褌芯屑: 屑芯薪芯谐褉邪褎懈褟. 袙芯褉芯薪械卸: 肖袣袨校 袙袨&nbsp;袙芯褉芯薪械卸褋泻懈泄 懈薪褋褌懈褌褍褌 肖小袠袧 袪芯褋褋懈懈, 2017.</li><li>袥褍泻芯褟薪芯胁 袠.袙. &laquo;袧械&nbsp;芯褌褋褌邪褌褜 芯褌&nbsp;写械褉卸邪胁...&raquo; 袪芯褋褋懈褟 薪邪&nbsp;袛邪谢褜薪械屑 袙芯褋褌芯泻械 胁&nbsp;泻芯薪褑械 XIX&nbsp;&mdash; 薪邪褔邪谢械 XX&nbsp;胁. 小袩斜.: 袧械褋褌芯褉-袠褋褌芯褉懈褟, 2008.</li><li>袥褜胁芯胁 肖.袧. 袨斜&nbsp;懈褉泻褍褌褋泻芯懈虇 写褍褝谢懈 // 袥懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉薪芯械 薪邪褋谢械写褋褌胁芯. 孝. 63. 袚械褉褑械薪 懈&nbsp;袨谐邪褉褢胁. 袦.; 袥.: 袠蟹写-胁芯 袗袧&nbsp;小小小袪, 1956.</li><li>袦邪泻褋懈屑芯胁 小.袙. 袧邪&nbsp;袙芯褋褌芯泻. 袩芯械蟹写泻邪 薪邪&nbsp;袗屑褍褉: 写芯褉芯卸薪褘械 蟹邪屑械褌泻懈 懈&nbsp;胁芯褋锌芯屑懈薪邪薪懈褟. 小袩斜.: 懈蟹写. 泻薪懈谐芯锌褉芯写邪胁褑邪 小.袙. 袟胁芯薪邪褉褢胁邪, 1871.</li><li>袦邪薪懈褎械褋褌 芯斜&nbsp;褍褋芯胁械褉褕械薪褋褌胁芯胁邪薪懈懈 谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪芯谐芯 锌芯褉褟写泻邪 芯褌&nbsp;17&nbsp;芯泻褌褟斜褉褟 1905&nbsp;谐. // 袩芯谢薪芯械 褋芯斜褉邪薪懈械 蟹邪泻芯薪芯胁 袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻芯泄 懈屑锌械褉懈懈. 小芯斜褉邪薪懈械 3-械. 小袩斜., 1908. 孝. 25. &#8470;&nbsp;26803.</li><li>袦芯谢褔邪薪芯胁邪 袝.袚. 袙蟹邪懈屑芯写械泄褋褌胁懈械 褉褍褋褋泻懈褏 褋&nbsp;泻芯褉械薪薪褘屑 薪邪褋械谢械薪懈械屑 袛邪谢褜薪械谐芯 袙芯褋褌芯泻邪 袪芯褋褋懈懈 懈&nbsp;写械褟褌械谢褜薪芯褋褌褜 袠薪薪芯泻械薪褌懈褟 袙械薪懈邪屑懈薪芯胁邪 // 袠薪薪芯泻械薪褌懈泄 袙械薪懈邪屑懈薪芯胁&nbsp;&mdash; 胁械谢懈泻懈泄 写邪谢褜薪械胁芯褋褌芯褔薪懈泻: 褋斜. 屑邪褌械褉懈邪谢芯胁 屑械卸褉械谐懈芯薪. 薪邪褍褔.-锌褉邪泻褌. 泻芯薪褎., 啸邪斜邪褉芯胁褋泻, 6&nbsp;薪芯褟斜.&nbsp;2020&nbsp;谐. 啸邪斜邪褉芯胁褋泻: 袛袙袚袧袘, 2020.</li><li><a href=https://nationalatlas.ru/ target=_blank>袧邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褜薪褘泄 邪褌谢邪褋 袪芯褋褋懈懈.</a></li><li>袧邪褕懈 芯褌薪芯褕械薪懈褟 褋&nbsp;褋芯褋械写褟屑懈 // 袙谢邪写懈胁芯褋褌芯泻.&nbsp;1887. &#8470;&nbsp;40.</li><li>袧械胁械谢褜褋泻芯泄 袚.袠. 袩芯写胁懈谐懈 褉褍褋褋泻懈褏 屑芯褉褋泻懈褏 芯褎懈褑械褉芯胁 薪邪&nbsp;泻褉邪泄薪械屑 胁芯褋褌芯泻械 袪芯褋褋懈懈. 1849&ndash;1855. 袦.: 袛褉芯褎邪, 2008.</li><li>袨斜械褉褌邪褋 袙.袗. 60&nbsp;谢械褌 褋芯&nbsp;写薪褟 芯褌泻褉褘褌懈褟 胁&nbsp;谐. 袙谢邪写懈胁芯褋褌芯泻械 锌邪屑褟褌薪懈泻邪 屑邪褌褉芯褋邪屑 小懈斜懈褉褋泻芯泄 褎谢芯褌懈谢懈懈&nbsp;&mdash; 褍褔邪褋褌薪懈泻邪屑 胁芯芯褉褍卸褢薪薪芯谐芯 胁芯褋褋褌邪薪懈褟 17&ndash;23 芯泻褌褟斜褉褟 1907&nbsp;谐. // 袙褉械屑褟 懈&nbsp;褋芯斜褘褌懈褟: 泻邪谢械薪写邪褉褜-褋锌褉邪胁.&nbsp;锌芯&nbsp;袛邪谢褜薪械胁芯褋褌. 褎械写械褉. 芯泻褉.&nbsp;薪邪&nbsp;2015&nbsp;谐. 啸邪斜邪褉芯胁褋泻: 袛袙袚袧袘, 2014.</li><li>袨斜蟹芯褉 袗屑褍褉褋泻芯懈虇 芯斜谢邪褋褌懈 蟹邪&nbsp;1914&nbsp;谐芯写. 袩褉懈谢芯卸械薪懈械 泻&nbsp;胁褋械锌芯写写邪薪薪械懈虇褕械屑褍 芯褌褔械虉褌褍 胁芯械薪薪芯谐芯 谐褍斜械褉薪邪褌芯褉邪 袗屑褍褉褋泻芯懈虇 芯斜谢邪褋褌懈 蟹邪&nbsp;1914&nbsp;谐. 袘谢邪谐芯胁械褖械薪褋泻: 褌懈锌芯-谢懈褌. &laquo;袘谢邪谐芯胁械褖械薪褋泻&raquo; 孝芯褉谐芯胁芯谐芯 写芯屑邪 &laquo;袠.携. 效褍褉懈薪 懈&nbsp;袣芯&raquo;, 1915.</li><li>袨斜蟹芯褉 袩褉懈屑芯褉褋泻芯懈虇 芯斜谢邪褋褌懈 蟹邪&nbsp;1914&nbsp;谐芯写. 袩褉懈谢芯卸械薪懈械 泻&nbsp;胁褋械锌芯写写邪薪薪械懈虇褕械屑褍 芯褌褔械虉褌褍. 袙谢邪写懈胁芯褋褌芯泻: 褌懈锌. 袩褉懈屑芯褉褋泻芯谐芯 芯斜谢邪褋褌薪芯谐芯 锌褉邪胁谢械薪懈褟, 1916.</li><li>袨褌械褔械褋褌胁械薪薪褘械 褎懈蟹懈泻芯-谐械芯谐褉邪褎褘 懈&nbsp;锌褍褌械褕械褋褌胁械薪薪懈泻懈&nbsp;/ 锌芯写 褉械写. 袧.袧. 袘邪褉邪薪褋泻芯谐芯 [懈&nbsp;写褉.]. &mdash;&nbsp;袦.: 校褔锌械写谐懈蟹, 1959.</li><li>袨褌薪芯褕械薪懈械 褉褍褋褋泻懈褏 懈&nbsp;械胁褉芯锌械懈虇褑械胁 泻&nbsp;泻懈褌邪懈虇褑邪屑 懈&nbsp;屑邪薪褜褔卸褍褉邪屑 // 孝芯屑褋泻懈懈虇 谢懈褋褌芯泻.&nbsp;1896. &#8470;&nbsp;222.</li><li>袩邪屑褟褌懈 写芯褋褌芯懈薪: 泻&nbsp;205-谢械褌懈褞 褋芯&nbsp;写薪褟 褉芯卸写械薪懈褟 袧.袧. 袦褍褉邪胁褜褢胁邪-袗屑褍褉褋泻芯谐芯: 斜懈芯斜懈斜谢懈芯谐褉. 褍泻邪蟹. 2-械 懈蟹写., 写芯锌. 袘谢邪谐芯胁械褖械薪褋泻: 袗屑褍褉. 芯斜谢. 薪邪褍褔. 斜-泻邪 懈屑. 袧.袧. 袦褍褉邪胁褜褢胁邪-袗屑褍褉褋泻芯谐芯, 2014.</li><li>袩械褉胁邪褟 胁褋械芯斜褖邪褟 锌械褉械锌懈褋褜 薪邪褋械谢械薪懈褟 袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻芯泄 懈屑锌械褉懈懈 1897 谐芯写邪&nbsp;/ 锌芯写 褉械写. 袧.袗. 孝褉芯泄薪懈褑泻芯谐芯. &mdash;&nbsp;小袩斜.: 笑械薪褌褉. 褋褌邪褌. 泻芯屑. 袦-胁邪 胁薪. 写械谢, 1897&ndash;1905.</li><li>袩械褉械褋械谢械薪懈械 薪邪&nbsp;袗屑褍褉: 泻邪褌邪谢芯谐 锌褉械写屑械褌芯胁 斜褘褌邪 锌械褉械褋械谢械薪褑械胁 XIX&ndash;XX 胁械泻芯胁&nbsp;/ 褋芯褋褌. 袚.袙. 小褌邪褉泻懈薪邪, 袧.袣. 袥褞褌芯胁邪. 啸邪斜邪褉芯胁褋泻: 袛袙袚袧袘, 2021.</li><li>袩械褌械褉斜褍褉谐褋泻懈械 胁械写芯屑芯褋褌懈, 1880. 2&nbsp;懈褞谢褟.</li><li>袩械褌褉褍薪懈薪邪 袞.袙., 楔褍褕邪褉懈薪邪 袚.袗. 袛械褟褌械谢褜薪芯褋褌褜 懈薪芯褋褌褉邪薪薪褘褏 锌褉械写锌褉懈薪懈屑邪褌械谢械泄 胁&nbsp;袩褉懈邪屑褍褉褜械 薪邪&nbsp;褋褌褉邪薪懈褑邪褏 褉械谐懈芯薪邪谢褜薪芯泄 锌褉械褋褋褘 1860-褏 谐谐. // 袙械褋褌薪懈泻 袪校袛袧. 小械褉懈褟: 袠褋褌芯褉懈褟 袪芯褋褋懈懈.&nbsp;2022. 孝. 21. &#8470;&nbsp;1.</li><li>袩芯蟹薪褟泻 孝.袟. 袩芯胁褋械写薪械胁薪邪褟 卸懈蟹薪褜 袙谢邪写懈胁芯褋褌芯泻邪 芯褌&nbsp;袩械褉胁芯懈虇 屑懈褉芯胁芯懈虇 写芯&nbsp;袚褉邪卸写邪薪褋泻芯懈虇 胁芯懈虇薪褘 (1914&ndash;1922): 芯褔械褉泻懈 懈褋褌芯褉懈懈. 袙谢邪写懈胁芯褋褌芯泻: 袛邪谢褜薪邪褍泻邪, 2018.</li><li>袩芯蟹薪褟泻 孝.袟. 孝芯褉谐芯胁邪褟 懈薪褎褉邪褋褌褉褍泻褌褍褉邪 谐芯褉芯写芯胁 褞谐邪 袛邪谢褜薪械谐芯 袙芯褋褌芯泻邪 胁芯&nbsp;胁褌芯褉芯懈虇 锌芯谢芯胁懈薪械 XIX 胁械泻邪 // 袨泄泻褍屑械薪邪. 袪械谐懈芯薪芯胁械写褔械褋泻懈械 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈褟.&nbsp;2010. &#8470;&nbsp;2 (13).</li><li><a href=https://nlr.ru/e-res/law_r/content.html target=_blank>袩芯谢薪芯械 褋芯斜褉邪薪懈械 蟹邪泻芯薪芯胁 袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻芯泄 懈屑锌械褉懈懈.</a></li><li>袩芯&nbsp;屑邪褉褕褉褍褌邪屑 袙.袣. 袗褉褋械薪褜械胁邪. 袛邪懈虇写卸械褋褌 芯斜&nbsp;芯褋薪芯胁薪褘褏 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪褌械谢褜褋泻懈褏 褝泻褋锌械写懈褑懈褟褏 袙.袣. 袗褉褋械薪褜械胁邪 锌芯&nbsp;袛邪谢褜薪械屑褍 袙芯褋褌芯泻褍&nbsp;/ 褋芯褋褌. 袛邪胁懈写械薪泻芯 挟.小. &mdash;&nbsp;效褍谐褍械胁泻邪, 2021.</li><li>袩芯锌芯胁 袛.袗. 袟邪褉芯卸写械薪懈械 懈&nbsp;褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪懈械 褌芯褉谐芯胁谢懈 薪邪&nbsp;袛邪谢褜薪械屑 袙芯褋褌芯泻械 // 袙械褋褌薪懈泻 啸袚校协袩. 2018. &#8470;&nbsp;2 (94).</li><li>袩芯&nbsp;锌芯胁芯写褍 蟹邪泻褉褘胁褕械谐芯褋褟 褋褗械蟹写邪 褋械谢褜褋泻懈褏 褏芯蟹褟械胁 // 袗屑褍褉褋泻懈懈虇 蟹械屑谢械写械谢械褑.&nbsp;1912. &#8470;&nbsp;5.</li><li>袩褉邪胁懈褌械谢褜褋褌胁械薪薪芯械 褋芯芯斜褖械薪懈械. 袩芯&nbsp;锌芯胁芯写褍 锌褉械写褋褌芯褟褖械谐芯 锌褉械芯斜褉邪蟹芯胁邪薪懈褟 泻邪褌芯褉谐懈 懈&nbsp;褋褋褘谢泻懈 // 孝褞褉械屑薪褘泄 胁械褋褌薪懈泻.&nbsp;1899. &#8470;&nbsp;5.</li><li>袩褉卸械胁邪谢褜褋泻懈泄 袧.袦. 袩褍褌械褕械褋褌胁懈械 胁&nbsp;校褋褋褍褉懈泄褋泻芯屑 泻褉邪械. 1867&ndash;1869&nbsp;谐谐. 袙谢邪写懈胁芯褋褌芯泻: 袛邪谢褜薪械胁芯褋褌.&nbsp;泻薪. 懈蟹写-胁芯, 1990.</li><li>袩褉懈邪屑褍褉褋泻邪褟 卸懈蟹薪褜.&nbsp;1917. 30&nbsp;芯泻褌褟斜褉褟.</li><li>袩褉懈邪屑褍褉褜械: 褎邪泻褌褘, 褑懈褎褉褘, 薪邪斜谢褞写械薪懈褟. 小芯斜褉邪薪褘 薪邪&nbsp;袛邪谢褜薪械屑 袙芯褋褌芯泻械 褋芯褌褉褍写薪懈泻邪屑懈 袨斜褖械蟹械屑褋泻芯懈虇 芯褉谐邪薪懈蟹邪褑懈懈. 袦.: 袚芯褉. 褌懈锌., 1909.</li><li>袩褉懈屑芯褉褜械 胁&nbsp;褋芯褋褌邪胁械 袪芯褋褋懈懈: 泻&nbsp;150-谢械褌懈褞 蟹邪泻谢褞褔械薪懈褟 袩械泻懈薪褋泻芯谐芯 写芯谐芯胁芯褉邪: 褋斜. 薪邪褍褔.&nbsp;褋褌. 袙谢邪写懈胁芯褋褌芯泻: 袛邪谢褜薪邪褍泻邪, 2012.</li><li>袪袚袙袠袗&shy;, 褎.&shy; 165,&shy; 芯锌. &shy;1,&shy; 写.&shy; 5301., 谢. &shy;25.</li><li>袪袚袠袗, 褎.&nbsp;394, 芯锌.&nbsp;1, 写.&nbsp;1, 谢. 6-6&nbsp;芯斜.</li><li>袪械写褔褍薪 袙.袦. 袣&nbsp;胁芯锌褉芯褋褍 芯斜&nbsp;芯褋芯斜械薪薪芯褋褌褟褏 锌械褉械褋械谢械薪褔械褋泻芯懈虇 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻懈 褉芯褋褋懈懈虇褋泻芯谐芯 锌褉邪胁懈褌械谢褜褋褌胁邪 薪邪&nbsp;袛邪谢褜薪械屑 袙芯褋褌芯泻械 胁芯&nbsp;胁褌芯褉芯懈虇 锌芯谢芯胁懈薪械 XIX&nbsp;胁械泻邪: 锌褉邪胁芯胁芯懈虇 邪褋锌械泻褌 // 袣褍谢褜褌褍褉邪 懈&nbsp;薪邪褍泻邪 袛邪谢褜薪械谐芯 袙芯褋褌芯泻邪.&nbsp;2017. &#8470;&nbsp;2 (22).</li><li>袪褍褋褋泻懈械 薪邪&nbsp;袗屑褍褉械 // 小芯胁褉械屑械薪薪懈泻. 孝. 71. &#8470;&nbsp;10. 1858.</li><li>袪褟斜芯胁 袧.袠., 楔褌械泄薪 袦.袚. 袨褔械褉泻懈 懈褋褌芯褉懈懈 褉褍褋褋泻芯谐芯 袛邪谢褜薪械谐芯 袙芯褋褌芯泻邪. XVII&nbsp;&mdash; 薪邪褔邪谢芯 XX&nbsp;胁械泻邪. 啸邪斜邪褉芯胁褋泻: 袣薪. 懈蟹写-胁芯, 1958.</li><li>小.挟. 袙懈褌褌械&nbsp;&mdash; 袙.袧. 袥邪屑蟹写芯褉褎褍 28&nbsp;写械泻邪斜褉褟 1902&nbsp;谐. (泻芯锌懈褟) // 袚袗袪肖, 褎.&nbsp;818, 芯锌.1, 写.46, 谢.10&nbsp;芯斜. &mdash;&nbsp;11.</li><li>小胁械写械薪懈褟 芯斜&nbsp;褝泻褋锌械写懈褑懈褟褏 泻邪锌懈褌邪薪邪 袗褉褋械薪褜械胁邪 (袙.袣.): (袩褍褌械褕械褋褌胁懈褟 锌芯&nbsp;校褋褋褍褉懈懈虇褋泻芯屑褍 泻褉邪褞 1900&ndash;1910&nbsp;谐谐.): 懈蟹&nbsp;芯褌褔褢褌芯胁 褋芯芯斜褖., 褋写械谢邪薪.&nbsp;谐. 袗褉褋械薪褜械胁褘屑 胁&nbsp;蟹邪褋械写邪薪懈褟褏&nbsp;谐谐. 褔谢械薪芯胁 袨褌写械谢邪 // 袟邪锌懈褋泻懈 袩褉懈邪屑褍褉褋泻芯谐芯 芯褌写械谢邪 袠袪袚袨. 啸邪斜邪褉芯胁褋泻, 1912. 孝. 8, 胁褘锌.&nbsp;2.</li><li>小胁芯写 蟹邪泻芯薪芯胁 袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻芯泄 懈屑锌械褉懈懈. 校褋褌邪胁褘 芯&nbsp;锌邪褋锌芯褉褌邪褏, 芯&nbsp;锌褉械写褍锌褉械卸写械薪懈懈 锌褉械褋褌褍锌谢械薪懈泄, 芯&nbsp;褑械薪蟹褍褉械, 芯&nbsp;褋芯写械褉卸邪褖懈褏褋褟 锌芯写 褋褌褉邪卸械泄 懈&nbsp;芯&nbsp;褋褋褘谢褜薪褘褏. &mdash;&nbsp;校褋褌邪胁 芯&nbsp;褋褋褘谢褜薪褘褏 // 小袩斜.: 褌懈锌. 袙褌芯褉芯谐芯 袨褌写械谢械薪懈褟 小芯斜褋褌胁械薪薪芯泄 袝谐芯 袠屑锌械褉邪褌芯褉褋泻芯谐芯 袙械谢懈褔械褋褌胁邪 袣邪薪褑械谢褟褉懈懈, 1857. 孝. 14.</li><li>小褌邪褌懈褋褌懈褔械褋泻懈泄 械卸械谐芯写薪懈泻 袪芯褋褋懈懈 1916&nbsp;谐. (袚芯写 褌褉懈薪邪写褑邪褌褘泄). 袙褘锌.&nbsp;1. 袦.: 孝懈锌. 袦芯褋泻. 小芯胁. 袪邪斜. 小芯谢写.&nbsp;懈&nbsp;袣褉. 写械锌. 袩械褌褉芯胁泻邪, 26; 1918.</li><li>孝械斜械薪褜泻芯胁 袦.袛. 袣邪褉褌邪 褋械胁械褉薪芯泄 褔邪褋褌懈 孝懈褏芯谐芯 芯泻械邪薪邪 // 袗褌谢邪褋 褋械胁械褉芯-蟹邪锌邪写薪褘褏 斜械褉械谐芯胁 袗屑械褉懈泻懈 芯褌&nbsp;袘械褉懈薪谐芯胁邪 锌褉芯谢懈胁邪 写芯&nbsp;袣芯褉褉芯械薪褌械褋 懈&nbsp;芯褋褌褉芯胁芯胁 袗谢械褍褌褋泻懈褏. 小袩斜., 1852.</li><li>孝懈褏芯屑懈褉芯胁 袗. 孝褍薪谐褍褋芯-屑邪薪褜褔卸褍褉褋泻懈械 薪邪褉芯写褘. 携蟹褘泻懈, 屑懈谐褉邪褑懈懈, 芯斜褘褔邪懈. Ridero, 2018.</li><li>孝褉械薪械胁 袙. 袗屑褍褉褋泻邪褟 褝泻褋锌械写懈褑懈褟 袧械胁械谢褜褋泻芯谐芯. 袦.: 懈蟹写.&nbsp;懈&nbsp;7-褟 褌懈锌. 袙芯械薪. 懈蟹写-胁邪, 1946.</li><li>孝褉械薪械胁 袙. 袩褍褌褜 泻&nbsp;芯泻械邪薪褍. 袦.: 袦芯谢芯写邪褟 谐胁邪褉写懈褟, 1950.</li><li>孝褍薪谐褍褋芯-屑邪薪褜褔卸褍褉褋泻懈械 薪邪褉芯写褘 小懈斜懈褉懈 懈&nbsp;袛邪谢褜薪械谐芯 袙芯褋褌芯泻邪: 褝胁械薪泻懈, 褝胁械薪褘, 薪械谐懈写邪谢褜褑褘, 褍懈谢褜褌邪, 薪邪薪邪泄褑褘, 褍谢褜褔懈, 褍写褝谐械泄褑褘, 芯褉芯褔懈, 褌邪蟹褘&nbsp;/ 芯褌胁. 褉械写. 袥.袠. 袦懈褋褋芯薪芯胁邪, 袗.袗. 小懈褉懈薪邪. 袦.: 袧邪褍泻邪, 2022.</li><li>孝褍褉邪械胁 袙.袗. 袪芯褋褋懈褟 薪邪&nbsp;袛邪谢褜薪械屑 袙芯褋褌芯泻械: 褝褌薪懈褔械褋泻芯械 懈&nbsp;泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪芯械 胁褉邪褋褌邪薪懈械 胁&nbsp;褉械谐懈芯薪 // 袪芯褋褋懈褟 懈&nbsp;袗孝袪. 2012. &#8470;&nbsp;4.</li><li>校斜懈懈虇褋褌胁邪 屑邪薪蟹邪屑懈 胁&nbsp;芯泻褉械褋褌薪芯褋褌褟褏 袙谢邪写懈胁芯褋褌芯泻邪 // 袙谢邪写懈胁芯褋褌芯泻.&nbsp;1890. &#8470;&nbsp;47.</li><li>校薪褌械褉斜械褉谐械褉 袩.肖. 袩褉懈屑芯褉褋泻邪褟 芯斜谢邪褋褌褜. 1856&ndash;1898. 袨褔械褉泻. 小袩斜., 1900.</li><li>校褋褌褞谐芯胁邪 袨.袗. 孝芯褉谐芯胁谢褟 薪邪&nbsp;褞谐械 袛邪谢褜薪械谐芯 袙芯褋褌芯泻邪 袪芯褋褋懈懈 胁芯&nbsp;胁褌芯褉芯泄 锌芯谢芯胁懈薪械 XIX&nbsp;胁.: 邪胁褌芯褉械褎. 写懈褋. ... 泻邪薪写. 懈褋褌. 薪邪褍泻. 袙谢邪写懈胁芯褋褌芯泻, 2002.</li><li>校褋褌褞谐芯胁邪 袨.袗. 孝芯褉谐芯胁褘械 芯褌薪芯褕械薪懈褟 薪邪&nbsp;褞谐械 袛邪谢褜薪械谐芯 袙芯褋褌芯泻邪 袪芯褋褋懈懈 胁芯&nbsp;胁褌芯褉芯泄 锌芯谢芯胁懈薪械 XIX&nbsp;胁. 袠褏&nbsp;锌褉邪胁芯胁褘械 芯褋薪芯胁褘 懈&nbsp;邪写屑懈薪懈褋褌褉邪褌懈胁薪芯械 褉械谐褍谢懈褉芯胁邪薪懈械 // 袪芯褋褋懈褟 懈&nbsp;袗孝袪. 2003. &#8470;&nbsp;3.</li><li><a href=http://www.hrono.ru/ target=_blank>啸褉芯薪芯褋.</a></li><li>啸褍薪褏褍蟹褘 // 袛邪谢褜薪懈懈虇 袙芯褋褌芯泻.&nbsp;1898. &#8470;&nbsp;75.</li><li>笑袚袠袗 小小小袪, 褎.&nbsp;1281, 芯锌.&nbsp;7, 写.&nbsp;101, 谢.&nbsp;92&nbsp;芯斜.&mdash; 93.</li><li>笑袚袠袗 小小小袪, 褎.&nbsp;1281, 芯锌.&nbsp;70, 写.&nbsp;102, 谢.&nbsp;41&nbsp;芯斜.&mdash; 42.</li><li>效邪谢械薪泻芯 袧.袧. 袪邪蟹胁懈褌懈械 锌褉芯屑褘褕谢械薪薪芯褋褌懈 袛邪谢褜薪械谐芯 袙芯褋褌芯泻邪 袪芯褋褋懈懈 胁&nbsp;XIX 胁械泻械 // 袣褉褘屑褋泻懈泄 薪邪褍褔薪褘泄 胁械褋褌薪懈泻.&nbsp;2015. &#8470;&nbsp;6.</li><li>楔褉械懈虇写械褉 袛.袠. 袧邪褕 袛邪谢褜薪懈懈虇 袙芯褋褌芯泻. 小袩斜., 1897.</li><li>楔褍屑邪褏械褉 袩. 袣&nbsp;懈褋褌芯褉懈懈 锌褉懈芯斜褉械褌械薪懈褟 袗屑褍褉邪, 褋薪芯褕械薪懈褟 褋&nbsp;袣懈褌邪械屑 褋&nbsp;1848 锌芯&nbsp;1860 谐芯写 // 袪褍褋褋泻懈懈虇 邪褉褏懈胁.&nbsp;1878. &#8470;&nbsp;3.</li><li>协薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褔械褋泻懈泄 褋谢芯胁邪褉褜 袘褉芯泻谐邪褍蟹邪 懈&nbsp;袝褎褉芯薪邪.</li></ul></div><div class="footer__text for-devices"><p>&copy;&nbsp;袠薪褎芯褉屑邪褑懈芯薪薪芯械 邪谐械薪褌褋褌胁芯 孝袗小小, 2023</p><p>小胁懈写械褌械谢褜褋褌胁芯 芯&nbsp;褉械谐懈褋褌褉邪褑懈懈 小袦袠 &#8470;&nbsp;03247 胁褘写邪薪芯 2&nbsp;邪锌褉械谢褟 1999&nbsp;谐. 袚芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪褘屑 泻芯屑懈褌械褌芯屑 袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻芯泄 肖械写械褉邪褑懈懈 锌芯&nbsp;锌械褔邪褌懈. 袨褌写械谢褜薪褘械 锌褍斜谢懈泻邪褑懈懈 屑芯谐褍褌 褋芯写械褉卸邪褌褜 懈薪褎芯褉屑邪褑懈褞, 薪械&nbsp;锌褉械写薪邪蟹薪邪褔械薪薪褍褞 写谢褟 锌芯谢褜蟹芯胁邪褌械谢械泄 写芯&nbsp;16&nbsp;谢械褌.</p></div><a class="footer__button for-devices" href=https://tass.ru/specialprojects target=_blank>效懈褌邪泄褌械 写褉褍谐懈械 褋锌械褑锌褉芯械泻褌褘 孝袗小小</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="menu for-devices" id=menu-mobile><div class="menu__selector js-menu-selector"><div class="menu__line menu__line--1"></div><div class="menu__line menu__line--2"></div><div class="menu__line menu__line--3"></div></div><div class="menu__container js-menu"><div class="menu__close js-menu-close"><svg><use xlink:href=/beskrayniy-vostok/spritemap.svg#icon-menu-close></use></svg></div><div class=menu__list><div class="menu__item js-to-anchor" data-target=#amurskie-sezony><span>袗屑褍褉褋泻懈械 褋械蟹芯薪褘 (1846&ndash;1858)</span></div><div class="menu__item js-to-anchor" data-target=#sibirskoe-eldorado><span>小懈斜懈褉褋泻芯械 协谢褜写芯褉邪写芯 (1859&ndash;1879)</span></div><div class="menu__item js-to-anchor" data-target=#netikhiy-tikhiy><span>袧械褌懈褏懈泄 孝懈褏懈泄 (1880&ndash;1899)</span></div><div class="menu__item js-to-anchor" data-target=#dalnevostochniy-ekspress><span>袛邪谢褜薪械胁芯褋褌芯褔薪褘泄 褝泻褋锌褉械褋褋 (1900&ndash;1917)</span></div></div></div></div><div class=tooltip><div class=tooltip__body></div></div></body></html>

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