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未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-名詞解釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名詞解釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>名詞解釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-名詞解釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-原理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#原理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>原理</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-原理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-酿造" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#酿造"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>酿造</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-酿造-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关酿造子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-酿造-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-二次发酵" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#二次发酵"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>二次发酵</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-二次发酵-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-气泡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#气泡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>气泡</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-气泡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-甜度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#甜度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>甜度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-甜度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法国气泡酒" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法国气泡酒"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>法国气泡酒</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-法国气泡酒-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关法国气泡酒子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-法国气泡酒-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-香槟" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#香槟"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>香槟</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-香槟-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-克雷芒" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#克雷芒"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>克雷芒</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-克雷芒-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他法国气泡酒" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他法国气泡酒"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>其他法国气泡酒</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他法国气泡酒-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他欧洲国家气泡酒" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他欧洲国家气泡酒"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>其他欧洲国家气泡酒</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-其他欧洲国家气泡酒-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关其他欧洲国家气泡酒子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-其他欧洲国家气泡酒-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-卡瓦" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#卡瓦"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>卡瓦</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-卡瓦-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-意大利气泡酒" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#意大利气泡酒"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>意大利气泡酒</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-意大利气泡酒-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中国气泡酒" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中国气泡酒"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>中国气泡酒</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-中国气泡酒-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关中国气泡酒子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-中国气泡酒-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Angelina德寧起泡酒" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angelina德寧起泡酒"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Angelina德寧起泡酒</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angelina德寧起泡酒-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">气泡酒</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。50种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vonkelwyn" title="Vonkelwyn – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vonkelwyn" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaumwein" title="Schaumwein – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schaumwein" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B0_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="نبيذ فوار – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نبيذ فوار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinu_esplumoso" title="Vinu esplumoso – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vinu esplumoso" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Пеністае віно – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пеністае віно" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Шумящо вино – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шумящо вино" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi_escum%C3%B3s" title="Vi escumós – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vi escumós" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekt" title="Sekt – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sekt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%87%C4%83%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85" title="Вылянчăк эрех – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вылянчăк эрех" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mousserende_vin" title="Mousserende vin – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mousserende vin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaumwein" title="Schaumwein – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schaumwein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%BF%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Αφρώδης οίνος – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αφρώδης οίνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sparkling wine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ca%C5%ADmvino" title="Ŝaŭmvino – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝaŭmvino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino_espumoso" title="Vino espumoso – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vino espumoso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahuvein" title="Vahuvein – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vahuvein" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardo_apardun" title="Ardo apardun – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ardo apardun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="شراب گازدار – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شراب گازدار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuohuviini" title="Kuohuviini – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuohuviini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BAsandi_v%C3%ADn" title="Brúsandi vín – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Brúsandi vín" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin_mousseux" title="Vin mousseux – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vin mousseux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADon_s%C3%BAil%C3%ADneach" title="Fíon súilíneach – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fíon súilíneach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9D" title="יין נתזים – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יין נתזים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biser_vino" title="Biser vino – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biser vino" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pezsg%C5%91" title="Pezsgő – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pezsgő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D6%80%D6%83%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Փրփրուն գինի – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փրփրուն գինի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anggur_berbuih" title="Anggur berbuih – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Anggur berbuih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino_spumante" title="Vino spumante – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vino spumante" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="スパークリングワイン – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スパークリングワイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ცქრიალა ღვინოები – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცქრიალა ღვინოები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%ED%8F%AC%EC%84%B1_%ED%8F%AC%EB%8F%84%EC%A3%BC" title="발포성 포도주 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발포성 포도주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putojantis_vynas" title="Putojantis vynas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Putojantis vynas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzirksto%C5%A1ais_v%C4%ABns" title="Dzirkstošais vīns – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzirkstošais vīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Пенливо вино – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пенливо вино" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mousserende_wijn" title="Mousserende wijn – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mousserende wijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musserende_og_perlende_vin" title="Musserende og perlende vin – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Musserende og perlende vin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin_efervescent" title="Vin efervescent – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vin efervescent" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wino_musuj%C4%85ce" title="Wino musujące – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wino musujące" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinho_espumante" title="Vinho espumante – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vinho espumante" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin_spumant" title="Vin spumant – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vin spumant" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Игристое вино – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Игристое вино" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sparkling wine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0umiv%C3%A9_v%C3%ADno" title="Šumivé víno – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šumivé víno" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penu%C5%A1avo_vino" title="Penušavo vino – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Penušavo vino" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mousserande_vin" title="Mousserande vin – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mousserande vin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6p%C3%BCkl%C3%BC_%C5%9Farap" title="Köpüklü şarap – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Köpüklü şarap" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ігристі вина – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ігристі вина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4ndai_vin" title="Vändai vin – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vändai vin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vang_s%E1%BB%A7i" title="Vang sủi – 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-19154633" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Food"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:麗絲玲;zh-cn:雷司令;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:卡本內蘇維濃;zh-cn:赤霞珠;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:白蘇維濃;zh-cn:长相思;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:卡本內弗朗;zh-cn:品丽珠;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:卡本內弗朗;zh-cn:品麗珠;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:品質;zh-cn:质量;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:乾;zh-cn:干;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:夏多內;zh-cn:霞多丽;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:夏多內;zh-cn:莎當妮;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:夏多內;zh-cn:莎当妮;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:格烏茲塔明那;zh-cn:琼瑶浆;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:希哈;zh-cn:西拉;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:哥倫白;zh-cn:鸽笼白;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:白詩寧;zh-cn:白诗南;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:勃根地;zh-cn:勃艮第;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:氣泡酒;zh-cn:起泡酒;"></div></div></div><p><b>起泡酒</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Sparkling wine</span>；法語：<span lang="fr">Vin effervescent</span>），又名<b>气泡酒</b>或<b>發泡酒</b>，一種富含碳酸的酒精飲料，經常使用葡萄酒製作，但也有使用蘋果和梨的。气泡酒為白色、黃結晶色、粉红色、血紅色和暗橙色。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%A7%9F%E9%85%92" title="香槟酒">香槟酒</a>就是一种最為知名的气泡酒，其噴射的泡沫甚至能夠成為晚宴節日中的助興節目。而歐美其它地区出产各種類型的气泡酒，如法國的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%A7%9F_(%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81)" title="香槟 (行省)">香檳</a>地區、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%93%A6" title="卡瓦">卡瓦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82" title="阿斯蒂">阿斯蒂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a>的開普經典（Method Cap Classique）和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="加利福尼亚州">加利福尼亚州</a>。 </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="名詞解釋"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E8.A9.9E.E8.A7.A3.E9.87.8B"></span>名詞解釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：名詞解釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>目前「<b>Sparkling wine</b>」才是氣泡酒的正確英文翻譯，主要是指英国理解下的氣泡酒分類，這個分類法也被傳至美國。在1980年代之前，<b>Champagne</b>（香檳）在英語的語境裡面指的是全體氣泡酒，而英語系國家的釀酒廠也會刻意也做出接近香槟风格的气泡酒來混淆。1990年代之後，法國開始對其國內農產品進行嚴格的「標註原產地管制」，其中規定「只有法國香槟省生產的气泡酒才可以称作香槟，其餘只是普通的白葡萄氣泡酒而已」，並且在世界範圍內极力推广香槟一词的正确使用方法，為了和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%A7%9F%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="香槟省">香檳省</a>這個地區作區分，還會特地加上「<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%A7%9F%E9%85%92" title="香槟酒">香槟酒</a>」（法語：<span lang="fr">vin de Champagne</span>）來表示它指的是酒名、而非地區名。 </p> <ul><li>在法语中，不在香槟地区酿造的气泡酒可以再分為穆瑟（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Mousseux" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sparkling_wine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mousseux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mousseux（页面不存在）">Mousseux</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparkling_wine" class="extiw" title="en:Sparkling wine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sparkling_wine</span></a></span>）</span></span>）和克雷芒（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Crémant" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sparkling_wine#Crémant"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cr%C3%A9mant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crémant（页面不存在）">Crémant</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparkling_wine#Crémant" class="extiw" title="en:Sparkling wine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sparkling_wine#Crémant</span></a></span>）</span></span>，遵循香檳區的AOC條列監管的氣泡酒）兩類。</li> <li>德国和奥地利，气泡酒叫 Sekt；奧地利的紅色氣泡酒被稱為 Syrah。</li> <li>在意大利，紅色的氣泡酒被稱為 Brachetto。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="原理"><span id=".E5.8E.9F.E7.90.86"></span>原理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：原理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>其特徵為含有一定数量的二氧化碳气泡。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>通过酒的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E9%85%B5" title="发酵">发酵</a>在瓶内（如：香槟制法）或大型储酒缸中（如：沙尔马制法）自然形成，或被注入酒中。气泡酒可根据含糖量分为干型、甜型等不同等级。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%99%E6%A7%9F%E9%85%92%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="香槟酒的历史（页面不存在）">香槟酒的历史</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Epernay-Moet02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Epernay-Moet02.JPG/220px-Epernay-Moet02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Epernay-Moet02.JPG/330px-Epernay-Moet02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Epernay-Moet02.JPG/440px-Epernay-Moet02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="2080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%94%90%C2%B7%E5%9F%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BE%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="唐·培里侬（页面不存在）">唐·培里侬</a>常被认为是香槟酒的发明人，其实他用一生中大部分时间尝试让葡萄酒不要产生气泡。</figcaption></figure> <p>气泡酒的发源地已經不可考，但是此種酒類早在西元前4世紀的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%8C%96%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="希臘化時代">希臘化時代</a>就已經在法國、意大利、英國和西班牙地區出現。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="古希腊">古希腊</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="古罗马">古罗马</a>人都对酒中的气泡有过描述，但是却无法解释其成因。他们将气泡的生成归咎于<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%9B%B8" title="月相">月相</a>和神魔。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>时，香槟地区出产的葡萄酒易产生气泡也已有记录，但却被归类为酿酒过错的一类。早期，气泡往往会被释放掉。培里侬最初在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AC%E5%83%A7%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="本僧会（页面不存在）">本僧会</a>修道院的工作就是除去酒中气泡，防止酒瓶在酒窖中爆炸。18世纪早期，气泡酒产量开始增加时，酒窖工人需要穿戴铁质的面具（类似<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%92%E7%90%83" title="棒球">棒球</a>防守员面具）以免受伤。一个瓶子的爆炸可引发其他瓶子的爆炸，酒窖损失20－90%的藏酒是很正常的。由于当时对于发酵及二氧化碳的产生并没有足够的了解，所以气泡酒被冠予了“魔鬼酒”的名号。 </p><p>英国人最早留意到香槟气泡的迷人特征，尝试找出原因。当时的葡萄酒多数是整桶的运到英国，然后当地代理才将酒装瓶。17世纪，英国人用高温的煤炉烧制玻璃，相对于法国以木为燃料的<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%85%E7%82%89" title="锅炉">锅炉</a>，所制的玻璃更为坚韧。英国人也重新使用木塞（起源于古罗马时期，但因古罗马帝国的衰亡而失传）。香槟的冬天严寒，存放在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%A1%E6%9C%A8_(%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92)" title="橡木 (葡萄酒)">橡木桶</a>中的酒，在糖分和酵母充分反应前就停止了发酵。整桶的酒运到英国后装瓶，当气温升高时糖与酵母于瓶中重新开始发酵，形成气泡。英国物理学家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E9%9B%B7%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克里斯托弗·梅雷特（页面不存在）">克里斯托弗·梅雷特</a>将在成品酒中加入糖分至其二次发酵记录在册并将成果详细的展示给<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="皇家学院">皇家学院</a>。这也是已知最早解释气泡酒制造过程的记录。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="酿造"><span id=".E9.85.BF.E9.80.A0"></span>酿造</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：酿造"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%99%E6%A7%9F%E9%85%92%E7%9A%84%E9%85%BF%E9%80%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="香槟酒的酿造（页面不存在）">香槟酒的酿造</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvesting_Chardonnay_grapes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Harvesting_Chardonnay_grapes.jpg/220px-Harvesting_Chardonnay_grapes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Harvesting_Chardonnay_grapes.jpg/330px-Harvesting_Chardonnay_grapes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Harvesting_Chardonnay_grapes.jpg/440px-Harvesting_Chardonnay_grapes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="1056" /></a><figcaption>顶级的酿酒商从采集开始就已细心的处理葡萄，减少葡萄皮中苦涩的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%85%9A" title="多酚">多酚</a>析出。</figcaption></figure> <p>与气泡酒相关的<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%A7%8D%E6%A4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄种植">葡萄种植</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%BF%E9%85%92" title="酿酒">酿酒</a>过程与静态酒有很多相似之处，但也有明显的不同。首先葡萄采收的时间较早，以保留葡萄的酸度。澳大利亚，酿酒师常在葡萄含糖<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%B3%96%E5%BA%A6" title="白利糖度">白利糖度</a>值为17至20时采收。与静态酒不同，较高糖份的葡萄并不是气泡酒的上选原料，所以葡萄植株的挂果数也会比较多。顶级的酿酒商仍使用人手采集葡萄，减少葡萄的破裂，避免葡萄汁和果皮的浸润，减少果皮中<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E5%AF%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="單寧">单宁</a>及多酚的析出。葡萄压榨厂也会离果园较近，葡萄采集后就可立即压榨，使其果皮分离。红葡萄如<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%93%81%E4%B9%90" class="mw-redirect" title="黑品乐">黑品乐</a>也可用于酿造白色的气泡酒，它们的汁液是清澈透明的，往往经过与葡萄皮的接触才会被染色。虽然葡萄汁与果皮经有限度的接触后可以用于酿造粉红或黑中白气泡酒，但是大多数的气泡酒酿酒商会采取多种措施防止葡萄汁与葡萄皮的接触。 </p><p>气泡酒的初次发酵与静态酒相同，酿酒师有时也会使用特殊的酵母。基酒在发酵时可能会经历<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B9%E6%9E%9C%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E5%8F%91%E9%85%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苹果乳酸发酵（页面不存在）">苹果乳酸发酵</a>的过程，但酿酒师在酿制果味浓郁简单的气泡酒时往往略过这一步。初次发酵后，各种基酒会被混合，制成气泡酒的主酒。“白中白”是由100%<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%9E%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="霞多丽">霞多丽</a>所酿，但气泡酒往往是数种基酒的混合产品。如<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%A9%E6%82%85%E9%A6%99%E6%AA%B3" title="酩悅香檳">酩悅</a>等大型香槟酿造商会利用上百种基酒来酿造可以展现公司风格的无年份香槟。二氧化碳是发酵的必然产物，基酒就可能含有少量气泡，但二次发酵所产气泡才是酿酒商致力保留。二次发酵所产生的瓶内<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%8E%8B" title="气压">气压</a>可达5个帕斯卡。当气泡酒倒到杯中后，酒体释放二氧化碳气体，形成优美的气泡。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="二次发酵"><span id=".E4.BA.8C.E6.AC.A1.E5.8F.91.E9.85.B5"></span>二次发酵</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：二次发酵"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moet_and_glass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Moet_and_glass.jpg/220px-Moet_and_glass.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Moet_and_glass.jpg/330px-Moet_and_glass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Moet_and_glass.jpg/440px-Moet_and_glass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1557" data-file-height="2013" /></a><figcaption>“换瓶”是酿造较小或较大规格气泡酒的其中一步，图中所示的为1/4瓶香槟。</figcaption></figure> <p>有多种二次发酵方法，其中又以传统制法（或称香槟制法）最有名：主酒装瓶后，加入新鲜酵母和糖分。主酒在加入酵母和糖后，在酒瓶中再次发酵。经<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#转瓶">转瓶</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%B5%E6%AF%8D%E6%AE%8B%E6%B8%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="酵母残渣（页面不存在）">酵母残渣</a>除去（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%A4%E6%B8%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="除渣（页面不存在）">除渣</a>），但以生成的气体得以保留。最后加入少量的基酒和糖水以调整甜度。如果按古传制法（<i>methode ancestrale</i>）酿造气泡酒，二次发酵后不会经过除渣过程；但这种方法逐渐被传统制法和沙尔马制法所取代<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。如果酿造较小或较大规格的气泡酒，在经过转瓶和除渣后，还需进行<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#转瓶">转瓶</a>：将在普通或大瓶所酿的气泡酒倒入到盛酒缸，然后再灌装到相应的瓶子（如：向在飞机上常用的1/4瓶和3升的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E7%BE%85%E6%B3%A2%E5%AE%89%E7%93%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶羅波安瓶（页面不存在）">耶羅波安瓶</a>。 </p><p>沙尔马制法是将主酒放入加压的铁质酿酒缸中，并向其中加入新鲜酵母和糖分，促使二次发酵的发生。发酵完成后，酒会被冷冻，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%84%E6%B8%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澄清（页面不存在）">澄清</a>及使用灌装机装瓶。用机器将二氧化碳注入主酒的方法不属于二次发酵，气泡往往较大，气体挥发较快，制作成气泡酒通常比较廉价。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="气泡"><span id=".E6.B0.94.E6.B3.A1"></span>气泡</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：气泡"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96" title="碳酸化">碳酸化</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Champagne_bubbles_mousse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Champagne_bubbles_mousse.jpg/220px-Champagne_bubbles_mousse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Champagne_bubbles_mousse.jpg/330px-Champagne_bubbles_mousse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Champagne_bubbles_mousse.jpg/440px-Champagne_bubbles_mousse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>因气泡积聚，于杯口产生的一层细沫（<i>Mousse</i>）。</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rose_champagne_infinite_bubbles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Rose_champagne_infinite_bubbles.jpg/220px-Rose_champagne_infinite_bubbles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Rose_champagne_infinite_bubbles.jpg/330px-Rose_champagne_infinite_bubbles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Rose_champagne_infinite_bubbles.jpg/440px-Rose_champagne_infinite_bubbles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption>粉红气泡酒中的气泡。</figcaption></figure> <p>当香槟接触到干爽的杯子时，气泡就会爆发。是杯子底部的缺陷（如划痕）或清洁用布的纤维遇上二氧化碳后产生的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="成核现象（页面不存在）">成核现象</a>。成核现象加速二氧化碳从气泡酒中分离及散发。已倒入杯中的气泡酒比打开但仍在瓶中的流失二氧化碳及气泡的速度要快。气泡酒倒入杯中产生的细沫、气泡的大小和产生速度等，会因酒质和所用杯子而不同。 </p><p>一瓶普通香槟中含有的二氧化碳足够产生4千9百万个气泡（葡萄酒专家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%A4%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E6%96%87%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="汤姆·史蒂文森（页面不存在）">汤姆·史蒂文森</a>称可达2亿5千万个）。刚生成的气泡直径约20<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%B1%B3" title="微米">微米</a>，当升至杯口时约为1毫米。研究表明，气泡酒中的气泡增加人体血液循环系统对酒精的吸收，更容易使人陶醉。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="萨里大学">萨里大学</a>将含有等量酒精的有气及已走气香槟给研究对象饮用。于酒后5分钟的验血表明，喝有气香槟的对象血液中酒精含量为54<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E5%85%8B" title="毫克">毫克</a>，而另一组只有39毫克。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="甜度"><span id=".E7.94.9C.E5.BA.A6"></span>甜度</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：甜度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>气泡根据第二次发酵时所加糖份及最后产品的含糖量，分为不同的甜度等级。 </p><p>产于欧盟区的产品必须将甜度标示于酒标上。分类如下： </p> <ul><li>绝干（<i>Brut Natural</i>或<i>Brut Zéro</i>）：每升含有少于3克的糖分。</li> <li>特干（<i>Extra Brut</i>）：每升少于6克的糖分。</li> <li>干（<i>Brut</i>）：每升少于15克的糖分。</li> <li>半甜或半干（<i>Extra Sec</i>或<i>Extra Dry</i>）：每升含有12至20克的糖分。</li> <li>甜（<i>Sec</i>）：每升含有17至35克的糖分。</li> <li>特甜（<i>Demi-Sec</i>）：每升含有33至50克的糖分。</li> <li>绝甜（<i>Doux</i>）：每升含有50克以上的糖分。</li></ul> <p>2002年11月14日，中国<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E8%B4%B8%E5%A7%94" class="mw-redirect" title="经贸委">经贸委</a>发表的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law-lib.com/law/law_view.asp?id=42310&page=2">中国葡萄酿酒技术规范</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210520145853/http://www.law-lib.com/law/law_view.asp?id=42310&page=2">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）也对甜度有类似分类： </p> <ul><li>干葡萄酒：含糖(以葡萄糖计)小于或等于4克/升。或者当总糖与总酸(以酒石酸计)的差值小于或等于2克/升时，含糖最高为9克/升的葡萄酒。</li> <li>半干葡萄酒：含糖大于干酒，最高为12克/升。或者总糖与总酸的差值，按干酒方法确定，含糖最高为18克/升的葡萄酒。</li> <li>半甜葡萄酒：含糖大于半干酒，最高为45克/升的葡萄酒。</li> <li>甜葡萄酒：含糖大于45g/L的葡萄酒。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="法国气泡酒"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.9B.BD.E6.B0.94.E6.B3.A1.E9.85.92"></span>法国气泡酒</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：法国气泡酒"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>香槟酒是气泡酒中著名的产品，产于法国香槟地区。香槟约占全球气泡酒产量的8%，其他地区也效仿香槟地区种植霞多丽、黑品乐及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%BC%E8%80%B6%E5%93%81%E4%B9%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫尼耶品乐（页面不存在）">莫尼耶品乐</a>，并使用“香槟制法”酿造具有“香槟风格”的气泡酒。法国其他地区使用其他葡萄品种根据“香槟制法”酿造，并接受本地区<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%9F%E4%BA%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="法国原产地命名控制">原产地命名控制</a>（<i>AOC</i>）条例监管的气泡酒被称为“克雷芒（<i>Cremant</i>）”。也有一种法国气泡酒以古传制法酿造，对酒不进行除渣，酒中仍含有酵母残渣，通常较甜。著名的产区有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%8B" title="加亚克">加亚克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%A9%86" title="利穆">利穆</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%AA%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E5%8B%92%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迪克莱勒特（页面不存在）">迪克莱勒特</a>地区。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="香槟"><span id=".E9.A6.99.E6.A7.9F"></span>香槟</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：香槟"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%A7%9F%E9%85%92" title="香槟酒">香槟酒</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_village_with_vineyards_in_Champagne,_France_1987.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/A_village_with_vineyards_in_Champagne%2C_France_1987.jpg/370px-A_village_with_vineyards_in_Champagne%2C_France_1987.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/A_village_with_vineyards_in_Champagne%2C_France_1987.jpg/555px-A_village_with_vineyards_in_Champagne%2C_France_1987.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/A_village_with_vineyards_in_Champagne%2C_France_1987.jpg/740px-A_village_with_vineyards_in_Champagne%2C_France_1987.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1644" data-file-height="834" /></a><figcaption>法国香槟地区出产的气泡酒才可被称为香槟酒。</figcaption></figure> <p>香槟种植区的天然条件非常恶劣，葡萄生长周期漫长。较冷的气候条件局限了葡萄品种的多样性及酒的品种，但却使香槟酒成为气泡酒的标准。香槟种植区的泥土为<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%9E%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="白垩">白垩</a>，表面为<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%81%B0%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="石灰石">石灰石</a>，种植的葡萄具备的<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="酸度">酸度</a>、浓度和丰厚度的平衡是世界其他地方无法复制的。香槟酒组织也对香槟一词有强烈的保护意识，如反对别区生产的酒使用“香槟风格”一词来形容所产气泡酒。故香檳酒必然是在香檳區生產。 </p><p>调配是香槟酒的一大特色，大部分的香槟酒都是由不同葡萄园所产葡萄所酿的基酒调配而成。香槟地区有超过19,000个葡萄种植户，其中只有5,000个下属于香槟酿造商。其他的种植户将所产出的葡萄卖给代理、合作社或香槟酿造商。调配时，不同葡萄基酒的调配为香槟带入了各自的特色——霞多丽优雅、可陈年；黑品乐提供架构和果味；莫尼耶品乐贡献果香及花香。多数的香槟为无年份（或多年份）香槟，由不同年份基酒调配而成。酿酒商也会因葡萄的质量决定酿造年份香槟。年份香槟往往是酿酒商最顶级和昂贵之产品。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="克雷芒"><span id=".E5.85.8B.E9.9B.B7.E8.8A.92"></span>克雷芒</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：克雷芒"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cr%C3%A9mant_d%27Alsace_Ziegler_with_glass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Cr%C3%A9mant_d%27Alsace_Ziegler_with_glass.jpg/220px-Cr%C3%A9mant_d%27Alsace_Ziegler_with_glass.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Cr%C3%A9mant_d%27Alsace_Ziegler_with_glass.jpg/330px-Cr%C3%A9mant_d%27Alsace_Ziegler_with_glass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Cr%C3%A9mant_d%27Alsace_Ziegler_with_glass.jpg/440px-Cr%C3%A9mant_d%27Alsace_Ziegler_with_glass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1395" data-file-height="2167" /></a><figcaption>阿尔萨斯产克雷芒</figcaption></figure> <p>可被称为克雷芒的气泡酒，使用传统制法，且须符合严格的条件。法国有7个产区所产的气泡酒可以使用克雷芒这一称号： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF" title="阿尔萨斯">阿尔萨斯</a>克雷芒</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A" title="波尔多">波尔多</a>克雷芒</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC" title="勃艮第">勃艮第</a>克雷芒</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="迪">迪</a>克雷芒</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9D%E6%8B%89%E7%9C%81" title="汝拉省">汝拉</a>克雷芒</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%A9%86" title="利穆">利穆</a>克雷芒</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="卢瓦尔河流域">卢瓦尔</a>克雷芒</li></ul> <p>在法国以外有一个产区使用克雷芒这一称号： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a>克雷芒</li></ul> <p><i>AOC</i>规定：克雷芒的葡萄采收必须由人手完成，且每棵植株的产果率也有限制。克雷芒需陈年1年后方可投入市场。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="卢瓦尔河流域">卢瓦尔河流域</a>是法国继香槟后第二大气泡酒产区。该地区大部分的克雷芒产于<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="索米尔">索米尔</a>附近，多是霞多丽、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%AF%97%E5%8D%97" title="白诗南">白诗南</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%81%E9%BA%97%E7%8F%A0" title="品麗珠">品丽珠</a>的调配酒。<i>AOC</i>也允许用<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E7%9B%B8%E6%80%9D" title="长相思">长相思</a>（<i>Sauvignon Blanc</i>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%9C%9E%E7%8F%A0" title="赤霞珠">赤霞珠</a>（<i>Cabernet Sauvignon</i>）、黑品乐、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%B3%E7%BE%8E" title="佳美">佳美</a>（<i>Gamay</i>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%8B" title="马尔贝克">马尔贝克</a>（<i>Malbec</i>或<i> Côt</i>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%AF%97%E5%8D%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑诗南（页面不存在）">黑诗南</a>（<i>Chenin Blanc</i>或<i>Pineau d'Aunis</i>）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E8%8B%A5%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84" class="mw-redirect" title="果若葡萄">果若葡萄</a>（<i>Grolleau</i>），但酿造比重很低。<i>AOC</i>规定勃艮第克雷芒必须含有超过30%的黑品乐、霞多丽、白品乐或灰品乐基酒，剩下部分通常会是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E6%88%88%E6%B3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿利戈泰（页面不存在）">阿利戈泰</a>（<i>Aligoté</i>）基酒。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%97%E5%9F%BA%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朗基多克（页面不存在）">朗基多克</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)" class="mw-redirect" title="行省 (法国)">省</a>的利穆克雷芒则通常由本地特有的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫扎克葡萄（页面不存在）">莫扎克葡萄</a>（<i>Mauzac</i>）酿造，并混有少量白诗南和霞多丽；在二次发酵后需陈年至少1年。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%A9%E7%A9%86%E7%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="利穆白（页面不存在）">利穆白</a>（<i>Blanquette de Limoux</i>）气泡酒则是100%由扎克所酿；需陈年9个月。 </p><p>克雷芒本用于称呼香槟区所产具有较低瓶内压（香槟瓶内压为5—6帕，而克雷芒为2—3帕）的气泡酒，产量相对较少；也用于称呼卢瓦尔所产的气泡酒，如：索米尔克雷芒或<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%AB%E8%B5%96" title="武夫赖">武夫赖</a>克雷芒，但不是属于<i>AOC</i>规定。卢瓦尔克雷芒于1975年开始才受<i>AOC</i>保护，紧接着是同年的勃艮第克雷芒和1976年的阿尔萨斯克雷芒。由于20世纪80年代香槟地区的游说，欧盟开始禁止别区使用“香槟制法”这一特有名称，香槟地区也停止使用“克雷芒”一词。90年代克雷芒的原产地法令实施，波尔多和利穆也被纳入其中。 </p><p>卢森堡克雷芒是属于<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B3%BD%E5%B0%94" class="mw-disambig" title="摩泽尔">摩泽尔</a>—卢森堡范围内的原产地法令，并不针对卢森堡一国，该产地刚好处于摩泽尔河的两岸，而该河的此部分又是法国和卢森堡国界。 </p><p>克雷芒并不是一个法国专用的名词，欧盟内符合严格的条件的产区均使用，不过这种用法并不常见。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他法国气泡酒"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E6.B3.95.E5.9B.BD.E6.B0.94.E6.B3.A1.E9.85.92"></span>其他法国气泡酒</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：其他法国气泡酒"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blanquette_de_Limoux_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Blanquette_de_Limoux_II.jpg/210px-Blanquette_de_Limoux_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Blanquette_de_Limoux_II.jpg/315px-Blanquette_de_Limoux_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Blanquette_de_Limoux_II.jpg/420px-Blanquette_de_Limoux_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>产自朗基多克地区的利穆白气泡酒。</figcaption></figure> <p>关于法国的气泡酒还有另一些不使用“克雷芒”一词的原产地法令。部分是气泡酒专有的法令；有些则是静态葡萄酒和气泡酒可共用的。“穆瑟（<i>Mousseux</i>）”在法语里就是起泡的意思，可以用于不是“香槟制法”酿造的气泡酒。而克雷芒只可以用于“香槟制法”酿制的气泡酒。 </p><p>以下是原产地的法令：仅适用于气泡酒： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%8C%B9" title="安茹">安茹</a>穆瑟<i>AOC</i></li> <li>利穆白<i>AOC</i></li> <li>古传制法白<i>AOC</i></li> <li>勃艮第穆瑟<i>AOC</i></li> <li>迪克莱勒特<i>AOC</i></li> <li>索米尔穆瑟<i>AOC</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E8%B5%96%E8%AE%B7" title="图赖讷">图赖讷</a>穆瑟<i>AOC</i></li></ul> <p>静态葡萄酒和气泡酒可通用： </p> <ul><li>加亚克<i>AOC</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BD%A9%E8%B5%96" title="圣佩赖">圣佩赖</a><i>AOC</i></li> <li>武夫赖<i>AOC</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他欧洲国家气泡酒"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E6.AC.A7.E6.B4.B2.E5.9B.BD.E5.AE.B6.E6.B0.94.E6.B3.A1.E9.85.92"></span>其他欧洲国家气泡酒</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：其他欧洲国家气泡酒"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="卡瓦"><span id=".E5.8D.A1.E7.93.A6"></span>卡瓦</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：卡瓦"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E9%85%BF%E9%85%92%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加泰罗尼亚酿酒业（页面不存在）">加泰罗尼亚酿酒业</a></div> <p>“卡瓦”（<a href="/wiki/Cava" class="mw-redirect" title="Cava">Cava</a>）是西班牙<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="加泰罗尼亚">加泰罗尼亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%8D%A2%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="安达卢西亚">安达卢西亚</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89" title="埃斯特雷马杜拉">埃斯特雷马杜拉</a>出产的白色或粉红气泡酒。主要产区<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%A9%E5%86%85%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佩内德斯（页面不存在）">佩内德斯</a>位于加泰罗尼亚，距离<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A1%9E%E7%BD%97%E9%82%A3" title="巴塞罗那">巴塞罗那</a>西南40公路。“卡瓦”一词来取自希腊语中意为“高端”餐酒或酒窖的一词及拉丁文“洞穴”一词。在酿造卡瓦的早期，酒的保持和陈年都在洞穴中。1872年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8D%E5%A1%9E%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%96%87%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霍塞普·拉文托斯（页面不存在）">霍塞普·拉文托斯</a>最早开始酿造卡瓦。当时佩内德斯葡萄园因葡萄虱侵袭，大量的土地从栽种红葡萄改为栽种白葡萄。看到了香槟地区的成功，拉文托斯决定酿造干型的气泡酒，当时叫做“西班牙香槟”或通俗的称为<i>Champaña</i>或<i>Xampany</i>。 </p><p>卡瓦也有不同的甜度等级：绝干、干、甜、特甜和甜。在西班牙原产地命名控制（<i>DO</i>）法令下，6个产酒区使用传统制法酿造卡瓦，可使用的葡萄是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%8D%A1%E9%9F%A6%E5%A5%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马卡韦奥（页面不存在）">马卡韦奥</a>（<i>Macabeo</i>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E9%9B%B7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕雷利亚达（页面不存在）">帕雷利亚达</a> （<i>Parellada</i>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克萨雷尔·洛（页面不存在）">克萨雷尔·洛</a>（<i>Xarel·lo</i>）、霞多丽、黑品乐和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏维拉特（页面不存在）">苏维拉特</a>（<i>Subirat</i>）。虽然霞多丽是酿造香槟的传统葡萄品种，但是直到1980年代才用以酿造卡瓦。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="意大利气泡酒"><span id=".E6.84.8F.E5.A4.A7.E5.88.A9.E6.B0.94.E6.B3.A1.E9.85.92"></span>意大利气泡酒</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：意大利气泡酒"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Il_Sparkling_Moscato.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Il_Sparkling_Moscato.jpg/220px-Il_Sparkling_Moscato.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Il_Sparkling_Moscato.jpg/330px-Il_Sparkling_Moscato.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Il_Sparkling_Moscato.jpg/440px-Il_Sparkling_Moscato.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>A lightly sparkling wine Mionetto Il Moscato from Italy.</figcaption></figure> <p>从<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%BA%90%E5%AD%A6" title="语源学">语源学</a>资料显示，“斯普曼泰”一词直到1908年才与酒扯上关系，在此的40年前<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E6%81%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡尔洛·甘恰（页面不存在）">卡尔洛·甘恰</a>就使用“香槟制法”酿造气泡酒，当时被称为“麝香香槟”。 </p><p>意大利各地均有出产气泡酒，但是以全球市场而言，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E5%B7%B4%E7%AC%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="伦巴第">伦巴第</a>产<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E9%BD%90%E4%BA%9A%E6%9F%AF%E8%BE%BE" title="弗朗齐亚柯达">弗朗齊亞柯達</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="皮埃蒙特">皮埃蒙特</a>产<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82" title="阿斯蒂">阿斯蒂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼托">威尼托</a>产<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E8%B5%9B%E6%9F%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="普罗赛柯">普罗赛柯</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%A6%E6%89%98" title="特伦托">特伦托</a><i>DOC</i>（<i>DOC</i>或<i>DOCG</i>为意大利的原产地命名控制）。虽然弗兰恰科尔塔以传统制法酿造，但大部分的意大利气泡酒，尤其是阿斯蒂和普罗塞科，均使用沙尔马制法。 </p><p>阿斯蒂酒是在阿斯蒂省用<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%9D%E9%A6%99%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84" title="麝香葡萄">麝香葡萄</a>酿造的一种稍甜的气泡酒。酒的特点是只有约8%的酒精含量，及新鲜怡人的葡萄风味。<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E6%89%98%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92" title="阿斯蒂莫斯卡托葡萄酒">阿斯蒂莫斯卡托</a>（<i>Moscato d'Asti</i>）是比阿斯蒂气泡稍柔和的气泡酒。 </p><p>弗兰恰科尔塔产区，位于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="布雷西亚">布雷西亚市</a>的西北部，是意大利最大的气泡酒产区。主要使用霞多丽及白品乐；不超过15%的黑品乐也可用于弗兰恰科尔塔<i>DOC</i>的调配中。年份及非年份酒需在二次发酵后分别陈年30和18个月。而弗兰恰科尔塔萨滕（<i>Franciacorta Satèn</i>）是白中白气泡酒，酿造时瓶内压只达4.5帕，展现轻柔的特点。 </p><p>特伦托<i>DOC</i>是传统制法酿造的红白气泡酒：可使用霞多丽、黑品乐、白品乐和莫尼耶品乐；对于葡萄产量也有严格要求。非年份的特伦托<i>DOC</i>需在瓶中陈年15个月、年份的则需24个月，而特级的要至少36个月。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="中国气泡酒"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9B.BD.E6.B0.94.E6.B3.A1.E9.85.92"></span>中国气泡酒</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：中国气泡酒"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Angelina德寧起泡酒"><span id="Angelina.E5.BE.B7.E5.AF.A7.E8.B5.B7.E6.B3.A1.E9.85.92"></span>Angelina德寧起泡酒</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：Angelina德寧起泡酒"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>采用传统工艺法酿造。产地：山西葡萄品种：霞多丽、品丽珠、白诗南。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epicurious.com/tools/winedictionary/entry?id=7840">Wine Dictionary</a>. Epicurious. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-06-03</span>]</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&rft.btitle=Wine+Dictionary&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Epicurious&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epicurious.com%2Ftools%2Fwinedictionary%2Fentry%3Fid%3D7840&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wines-info.com/html/2015/8/3-62520.html">怡园酒庄第一款起泡酒——Angelina德寧起泡酒</a>. 葡萄酒资讯网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-03-30</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&rft.atitle=%E6%80%A1%E5%9B%AD%E9%85%92%E5%BA%84%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%BE%E8%B5%B7%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92%E2%80%94%E2%80%94Angelina%E5%BE%B7%E5%AF%A7%E8%B5%B7%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92%E8%B5%84%E8%AE%AF%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wines-info.com%2Fhtml%2F2015%2F8%2F3-62520.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNTg5NDcwODQ4.html">《怎样品鉴香槟》（中文字幕）</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190614080130/http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNTg5NDcwODQ4.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.winentaste.com/magazine/tutorial_champagne_guide_sweetiness_vintage/">【實用知識】香檳還分甜度與年份？種類大公開</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160419044039/https://www.winentaste.com/magazine/tutorial_champagne_guide_sweetiness_vintage/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.champagne.fr/">香槟酒专业协会(法文)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20071215021630/http://www.champagne.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inao.gouv.fr/">原产地名称管理委员会(法文)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110203030340/http://www.inao.gouv.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A9%98%E9%85%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="橘酒（页面不存在）">橘酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%BC%BA%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92" title="加强葡萄酒">加度酒</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际葡萄品种</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">白</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8E%E5%BD%93%E5%A6%AE" title="莎当妮">霞多丽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E7%BF%81" title="白苏维翁">长相思</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%BC%E7%91%B6%E6%B5%86" title="琼瑶浆">琼瑶浆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%9D%E9%A6%99%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84" title="麝香葡萄">麝香</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4" title="雷司令">雷司令</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E7%BE%8E%E8%93%89" title="赛美蓉">赛美蓉</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">红</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%9C%9E%E7%8F%A0" title="赤霞珠">赤霞珠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%B4%9B%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84" title="梅洛葡萄">梅洛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%BA" title="黑比诺">黑比诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84" title="西拉葡萄">西拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E6%B5%B7%E5%A8%9C" title="歌海娜">格納希</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E5%90%89%E6%AD%90%E7%B6%AD%E6%A6%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山吉歐維榭（页面不存在）">山吉歐維榭</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B0%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%BC%E5%84%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="田帕尼優（页面不存在）">田帕尼優</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地区葡萄品种</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">白</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%93%A6%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿瓦里诺（页面不存在）">阿瓦里诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%AF%97%E5%8D%97" title="白诗南">白诗南</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9%E6%9E%97%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="绿色瓦特林纳（页面不存在）">绿色瓦特林纳</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E5%8B%92-%E5%9B%BE%E5%B0%94%E9%AB%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆勒-图尔高（页面不存在）">穆勒-图尔高</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白比诺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pinot blanc"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白比诺（页面不存在）">白比诺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinot_blanc" class="extiw" title="en:Pinot blanc"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pinot blanc</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%B0%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="灰比诺（页面不存在）">灰比诺</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%AD%E7%93%A6%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="席瓦纳（页面不存在）">席瓦纳</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E9%9A%86%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托隆特斯（页面不存在）">托隆特斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%8E%89%E9%9C%93" title="白玉霓">白玉霓</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E6%AC%A7%E5%B0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维欧尼（页面不存在）">维欧尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E5%9F%83%E5%8D%9A" title="施埃博">施埃博</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%87%E5%B0%BC" title="西万尼">西万尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E4%BB%A3%E5%B0%94" title="威代尔">威代尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B" title="布布兰克">布布兰克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%BD%E7%AC%BC%E7%99%BD" title="鸽笼白">鸽笼白</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">红</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" 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href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E4%BD%90%E7%9A%84%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E6%81%B0%E8%AF%BA" title="阿布鲁佐的蒙特普尔恰诺">蒙特普尔恰诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%B3%E7%8E%9B%E8%95%BE" title="佳玛蕾">佳玛蕾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BD%B3%E6%8B%89" title="黑佳拉">黑佳拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%96%9C%E8%AF%BA" title="黑喜诺">黑喜诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%BE%B7%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84" title="康科德葡萄">康科德葡萄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E9%A1%BF%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84" title="诺顿葡萄">诺顿葡萄</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关条目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92%E4%BA%A7%E9%87%8F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国葡萄酒产量列表">各国葡萄酒产量列表</a></li> <li><a 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