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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-ZK1E8XKBLT"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-ZK1E8XKBLT'); </script>  <title>WebElements Periodic Table » Protactinium » thermochemistry and thermodynamics</title> <meta name="Description" content="This WebElements periodic table page contains thermochemistry and thermodynamics for the element protactinium"> <meta name="keywords" content="protactinium, heat, enthalpy of fusion, enthalpy of vaporisation, enthalpy of vaporization, enthalpy of atomization, CODATA, thermodynamics, entropy, energy, heat capacity, enthalpy of formation, chemistry, periodic table, periodic chart, periodic system, chemical elements, chemical, webelements, web-elements, Sheffield, science, element, elements, metal, gas, atoms"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/pure/pure-min.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/pure/grids-responsive-min.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/pure-layout-side-menu/css/layouts/side-menu.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/css/webelements.css?parameter=1"> <meta name="author" content="Prof Mark Winter, University of Sheffield"> <meta name="copyright" content="Copyright 2024 Prof Mark Winter"> <link rel="index" href="./"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.png"> </head> <body> <div id="layout">  <a href="#menu" id="menuLink" class="menu-link">  <span></span> </a>  <div id="menu"> <div class="pure-menu"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item logo"><a href="../" class="pure-menu-link"><img height="30" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo" /></a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item v"> <div id="NavigationPanel"> <table style="nav_panel"> <tr> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="cerium" href="../cerium/thermochemistry.html">Ce</a></th> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="praseodymium" href="../praseodymium/thermochemistry.html">Pr</a></th> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="neodymium" href="../neodymium/thermochemistry.html">Nd</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="thorium" href="../thorium/thermochemistry.html">Th</a></th> <th class="navpanel-f">Pa</th> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="uranium" href="../uranium/thermochemistry.html">U</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navpanel-v"> </th> <th class="navpanel-v"> </th> <th class="navpanel-v"> </th> </tr> </table> </div> </li>  <li class="pure-menu-item v"> <div class="element_select_centre"><a class="imagelink" title="Switch to a different element from here" href="../index.html"><img class="" src="../_media/locs/Pa-loc.png" alt="Protactinium location" /></a> </div> </li>  <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../actinium/thermochemistry.html">Actinium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../aluminium/thermochemistry.html">Aluminium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../aluminium/thermochemistry.html">Aluminum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../americium/thermochemistry.html">Americium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../antimony/thermochemistry.html">Antimony</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../argon/thermochemistry.html">Argon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../arsenic/thermochemistry.html">Arsenic</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../astatine/thermochemistry.html">Astatine ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../barium/thermochemistry.html">Barium</a></li> <li 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href="../radium/thermochemistry.html">Radium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../radon/thermochemistry.html">Radon ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rhenium/thermochemistry.html">Rhenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rhodium/thermochemistry.html">Rhodium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../roentgenium/thermochemistry.html">Roentgenium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../rubidium/thermochemistry.html">Rubidium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../ruthenium/thermochemistry.html">Ruthenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rutherfordium/thermochemistry.html">Rutherfordium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../samarium/thermochemistry.html">Samarium</a></li> <li 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href="../sulfur/thermochemistry.html">Sulphur</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../tantalum/thermochemistry.html">Tantalum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../technetium/thermochemistry.html">Technetium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tellurium/thermochemistry.html">Tellurium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tennessine/thermochemistry.html">Tennessine ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../terbium/thermochemistry.html">Terbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../thallium/thermochemistry.html">Thallium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../thorium/thermochemistry.html">Thorium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../thulium/thermochemistry.html">Thulium</a></li> <li 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href="../zinc/thermochemistry.html">Zinc</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../zirconium/thermochemistry.html">Zirconium</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-open pure-menu-horizontal centre" role="navigation" style="background: #000 url(../_media/elements/discharge/Pa.png) repeat-y center; background-size:contain;"> <span><a class="pure-menu-heading" href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/webelements/"><img height="30" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo"></a> <a class="white" href="./">Protactinium - <sub>91</sub>Pa</a>  <audio id="myAudio_f"> <source src="../_media/elements/snds_f/Pa.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">Your user agent does not support the HTML5 Audio element. </audio> <button class="pure-button f_button" style=" display: inline;" type="button" onclick="audf_play_pause()"> 🔊  </button> <script> function audf_play_pause() { var myAudiof = document.getElementById("myAudio_f"); if (myAudiof.paused) { myAudiof.play(); } else { myAudiof.pause(); }} </script></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main">  <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <a href="#" class="pure-menu-link pure-menu-heading">▸▸</a> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇬🇧 Protactinium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇺🇦 Протактиній</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇨🇳 鏷</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇳🇱 Protactinium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇫🇷 Protactinium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇩🇪 Protactinium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇱 פרוטקטיניום</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇹 Protoattinio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇯🇵 プロトアクチニウム</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇵🇹 Protactínio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇪🇸 Protactinio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇸🇪 Protaktinium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇷🇺 Протактиний</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="google_navbar_positioning"> <form action="https://www.google.com" id="cse-search-box"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-9334432533380510:6223510783"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"> <input type="text" name="q" size="28"> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search"> </div> </form> <script> </script> </div> </div> </div> <main> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <h1 class="f">Protactinium - <sub><small>91</small></sub>Pa: thermochemistry and thermodynamics</h1> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <ul class="pure-menu-list z_menu"> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a href="../protactinium/" class="pure-menu-link">▸▸ Pa Essentials</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../protactinium/physics.html">Physical properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../protactinium/atoms.html">Electron shell data</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../protactinium/atom_sizes.html">Atom sizes</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../protactinium/electronegativity.html">Electronegativity</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../protactinium/isotopes.html" >Isotopes and NMR</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../protactinium/crystal_structure.html">Crystal structure</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../protactinium/thermochemistry.html">Thermochemistry</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../protactinium/history.html">History</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../protactinium/uses.html">Uses</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../protactinium/geology.html">Geology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../protactinium/biology.html">Biology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../protactinium/compounds.html">Binary compounds</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../protactinium/compound_properties.html" >Compound properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../protactinium/chemistry.html">Element reactions</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../protactinium/contents.html">List all Pa properties</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="f" style=" display: inline;"><span id="Temperatures">Temperatures</span></h2> <ul class="spark_table_list"> <li><a href="../periodicity/melting_point/" title="show definition and view pictures showing periodicity of melting point in the periodic table"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/melting_point.png" alt="melting points of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table">Melting point</a>: 1841 [1568 °C (2854 °F)] K</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/boiling_point/" title="show definition and view pictures showing periodicity of boiling point in the periodic table"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/boiling_point.png" alt="boiling points of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table">Boiling point</a>: 4300 [ca. 4000 °C (7232 °F)] K</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/liquid_range/" title="show definition and view pictures showing periodicity of the liquid range in the periodic table"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/liquid_range.png" alt="liquid range of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table">Liquid range</a>: 2459 K </li> <li><a href="../periodicity/critical_temperature/" title="show definition and view pictures showing periodicity of critical temperature in the periodic table"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/critical_temperature.png" alt="critical temperatures of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table">Critical temperature</a>: (no data) K</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/supercon_temp/" title="show definition and view pictures showing periodicity of superconduction temperature in the periodic table"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/supercon_temp.png" alt="superconduction temparatures of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table">Superconduction temperature</a>: 1.4 [or -271.7 °C (-457.1 °F)] K</li> </ul> <figure><img class="pure-img" src= "../_media/periodicity/tables/periodic_table_heatscape_white/melting_point_heat_w.png" alt="Image showing periodicity of melting point for the chemical elements as colour-coded squares on a periodic table grid." /><figcaption>Image showing periodicity of melting point for the chemical elements as colour-coded squares on a periodic table grid.</figcaption></figure> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-9334432533380510" data-ad-slot="4479092381" data-ad-format="auto"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </div> <h2 class="f" style=" display: inline;">Enthalpies</h2> <ul class="spark_table_list"> <li><a href="../periodicity/enthalpy_fusion/" title="show definition and view pictures showing periodicity of fusion enthalpy in the periodic table"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/enthalpy_fusion.png" alt="enthalpy of fusion of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table">Enthalpy of fusion</a>: 15 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup></li> <li><a href="../periodicity/enth_vaporisation/" title="show definition and view pictures showing periodicity of vaporization enthalpy in the periodic table"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/enth_vaporisation.png" alt="enthalpy of vaporisation of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table">Enthalpy of vaporisation</a>: 470 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup></li> <li><a href="../periodicity/enth_atomisation/" title="show definition and view pictures showing periodicity of atomisation enthalpy in the periodic table"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/enth_atomisation.png" alt="enthalpy of atomisation of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table">Enthalpy of atomisation</a>: 607 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup></li> </ul> <h2 class="f">Thermodynamic data</h2> <p class="p_first">This table gives a few <a href="../periodicity/thermodynamics/" title="definitions of terms">thermodynamic data for protactinium</a>. Most values are those given in the NBS technical notes (reference 1) after conversion from the units used within those notes. Values labelled with an asterisk (*) are Committee on Data for Science and Technology (<a href="http://www.codata.info/">CODATA</a>) agreed values for the thermodynamic properties of key chemical substances (reference 2). These values are published in a number of places including the WWW (reference 3).</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="pure-table pure-table-striped"> <caption></caption> <thead> <tr> <th>State</th> <th>Δ<sub>f</sub>H°</th> <th>Δ<sub>f</sub>G°</th> <th>S°</th> <th>C<sub>p</sub>H</th> <th>H°<sub>298.15</sub>‑H°<sub>0</sub></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Units</td> <td>kJ mol<sup>‑1</sup></td> <td>kJ mol<sup>‑1</sup></td> <td>J K<sup>‑1</sup> mol<sup>‑1</sup></td> <td>J K<sup>‑1</sup> mol<sup>‑1</sup></td> <td>kJ mol<sup>‑1</sup></td> </tr> <tr><td>Solid</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>51.9</td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Gas</td> <td>607</td> <td>563</td> <td>198.1</td> <td>22.9</td> <td></td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <h3 class="f">Notes</h3> <p>This tables gives a few <a href="../periodicity/thermodynamics/" title="definitions of terms">thermodynamic data</a>. Most values are those given in the NBS technical notes (reference 1) after conversion from the units used within those notes. Values labelled with an asterisk (*) are Committee on Data for Science and Technology (<a href="http://www.codata.info/">CODATA</a>) agreed values for the thermodynamic properties of key chemical substances (reference 2). These values are published in a number of places including the WWW (reference 3).</p> <h3 class="f">References</h3> <ol> <li>R.H. Schumm, D.D. Wagman, S. Bailey, W.H. Evans, and V.B. Parker in National Bureau of Standards (USA) Technical Notes 270-1 to 270-8, 1973.</li> <li><a href="http://www.codata.info/resources/databases/key1.html">http://www.codata.info/resources/databases/key1.html</a></li> <li>J.D. Cox, DD., Wagman, and V.A. Medvedev, <em>CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp.</em>, New York, USA, 1989.</li> </ol> </main> <div id="footer"> <footer> <div class="footer"> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Key properties</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/eneg_pauling/">Electronegativity </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/melting_point/">Melting point</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/density/">Density </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/molar_volume/">Molar volume</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/ionis_energy_1/">Ionization energy (1st)</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/covalent_radius/">Covalent radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/metallic_radius/">Metallic radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/abund_crust/">Abundance: earth's crust</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Shop</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">Sorry, shop closed</li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Social</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/webelements.periodic.table">Facebook</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://twitter.com/periodic_table">Twitter</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.pinterest.com/periodictable/">Pinterest</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Administration</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/your-privacy/" title="Your privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/about-webelements/" title="About WebElements">About</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/" title="Copyright information about WebElements">Copyright</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/acknowledgements/" title="Acknowledgements">Thanks...</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <address> <p> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/"><img class="logo_m" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements home" /></a><br /> <strong>WebElements:</strong> THE periodic table on the WWW [<a href="https://www.webelements.com/">www.webelements.com</a>]<br /> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/">Copyright </a> 1993-2024 <a href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/">Mark Winter</a> [ <a href="https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/chemistry/">The University of Sheffield </a> and WebElements Ltd, UK]. 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