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id="toc-Foundation_and_early_years:_1991–2004-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growing_visibility:_2004–2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growing_visibility:_2004–2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Growing visibility: 2004–2014 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growing_visibility:_2004–2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entering_mainstream_politics:_2014–2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entering_mainstream_politics:_2014–2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Entering mainstream politics: 2014–2016 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entering_mainstream_politics:_2014–2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016_Brexit_referendum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_Brexit_referendum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 2016 Brexit referendum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016_Brexit_referendum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline:_2016–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline:_2016–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Decline: 2016–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline:_2016–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Downward_turn_(2016–2018)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Downward_turn_(2016–2018)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 Downward turn (2016–2018) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Downward_turn_(2016–2018)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Association_with_the_far_right_(2018–2019)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_with_the_far_right_(2018–2019)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.2 Association with the far right (2018–2019) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_with_the_far_right_(2018–2019)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_instability_and_wipeout_(2019–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_instability_and_wipeout_(2019–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.3 Internal instability and wipeout (2019–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_instability_and_wipeout_(2019–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology_and_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology_and_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Ideology and policies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideology_and_policies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Ideology and policies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology_and_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Right-wing_populism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Right-wing_populism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Right-wing populism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Right-wing_populism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nationalism_and_British_unionism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationalism_and_British_unionism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Nationalism and British unionism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nationalism_and_British_unionism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Euroscepticism,_immigration,_and_foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Euroscepticism,_immigration,_and_foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Euroscepticism, immigration, and foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Euroscepticism,_immigration,_and_foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Economic policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Social policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Support </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Support-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Support subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Financial_backing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_backing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Financial backing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_backing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Membership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voter_base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voter_base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Voter base </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voter_base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Organisation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Organisation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Leadership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Timeline </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deputy_leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deputy_leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Deputy leadership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deputy_leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Party_chairman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Party_chairman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Party chairman </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Party_chairman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Regions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Representatives </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Representatives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Representatives subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-House_of_Commons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Commons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 House of Commons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Commons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Lords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Lords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 House of Lords </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Lords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Devolved_parliaments_and_assemblies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Devolved_parliaments_and_assemblies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Devolved parliaments and assemblies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Devolved_parliaments_and_assemblies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Local government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 European Parliament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members_of_the_European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.1 Members of the European Parliament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members_of_the_European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Election results </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Election results subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_Parliament_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 European Parliament elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 General elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_political_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_political_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Other political groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_political_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_and_academia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_and_academia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Media and academia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_and_academia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">UK Independence Party</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" > 49 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk_Onafhanklikheidsparty" title="Verenigde Koninkryk Onafhanklikheidsparty – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verenigde Koninkryk Onafhanklikheidsparty" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="حزب استقلال المملكة المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حزب استقلال المملكة المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_Britaniya_M%C3%BCst%C9%99qillik_Partiyas%C4%B1" title="Böyük Britaniya Müstəqillik Partiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Böyük Britaniya Müstəqillik Partiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B2" title="যুক্তরাজ্য স্বাধীনতা দল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যুক্তরাজ্য স্বাধীনতা দল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%97%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Партыя незалежнасці Злучанага Каралеўства – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Партыя незалежнасці Злучанага Каралеўства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strollad_evit_Dizalc%E2%80%99hted_ar_Rouantelezh-Unanet_(UKIP)" title="Strollad evit Dizalc’hted ar Rouantelezh-Unanet (UKIP) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Strollad evit Dizalc’hted ar Rouantelezh-Unanet (UKIP)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_de_la_Independ%C3%A8ncia_del_Regne_Unit" title="Partit de la Independència del Regne Unit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partit de la Independència del Regne Unit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strana_nez%C3%A1vislosti_Spojen%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD" title="Strana nezávislosti Spojeného království – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Strana nezávislosti Spojeného království" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaid_Annibyniaeth_y_DU" title="Plaid Annibyniaeth y DU – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Plaid Annibyniaeth y DU" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="UK Independence Party" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="UK Independence Party" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independence_Party" title="United Kingdom Independence Party – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="United Kingdom Independence Party" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suurbritannia_Iseseisvuspartei" title="Suurbritannia Iseseisvuspartei – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suurbritannia Iseseisvuspartei" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%97%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Κόμμα Ανεξαρτησίας Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόμμα Ανεξαρτησίας Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_de_la_Independencia_del_Reino_Unido" title="Partido de la Independencia del Reino Unido – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido de la Independencia del Reino Unido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partio_por_la_Sendependeco_de_la_Unui%C4%9Dinta_Re%C4%9Dlando" title="Partio por la Sendependeco de la Unuiĝinta Reĝlando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Partio por la Sendependeco de la Unuiĝinta Reĝlando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erresuma_Batuaren_Independentziaren_Alderdia" title="Erresuma Batuaren Independentziaren Alderdia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erresuma Batuaren Independentziaren Alderdia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF" title="حزب استقلال پادشاهی متحد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب استقلال پادشاهی متحد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_pour_l%27ind%C3%A9pendance_du_Royaume-Uni" title="Parti pour l'indépendance du Royaume-Uni – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti pour l'indépendance du Royaume-Uni" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1irt%C3%AD_Neamhsple%C3%A1chais_na_R%C3%ADochta_Aontaithe" title="Páirtí Neamhspleáchais na Ríochta Aontaithe – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Páirtí Neamhspleáchais na Ríochta Aontaithe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD%EB%8B%B9" title="영국 독립당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영국 독립당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independence_Party" title="United Kingdom Independence Party – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="United Kingdom Independence Party" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Kebebasan_Inggris" title="Partai Kebebasan Inggris – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Kebebasan Inggris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partise_por_li_%C3%ADndependentie_del_Reyatu_Unit" title="Partise por li índependentie del Reyatu Unit – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Partise por li índependentie del Reyatu Unit" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_per_l%27Indipendenza_del_Regno_Unito" title="Partito per l'Indipendenza del Regno Unito – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito per l'Indipendenza del Regno Unito" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/UKIP" title="UKIP – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="UKIP" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/UKIP" title="UKIP – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="UKIP" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factio_libertatis_Britanniarum_Regni" title="Factio libertatis Britanniarum Regni – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Factio libertatis Britanniarum Regni" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_Egyes%C3%BClt_Kir%C3%A1lys%C3%A1g_F%C3%BCggetlens%C3%A9gi_P%C3%A1rtja" title="Az Egyesült Királyság Függetlenségi Pártja – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Az Egyesült Királyság Függetlenségi Pártja" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87" title="حزب استقلال المملكه المتحده – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حزب استقلال المملكه المتحده" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="UK Independence Party" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%9A" title="イギリス独立党 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イギリス独立党" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independence_Party" title="United Kingdom Independence Party – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="United Kingdom Independence Party" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_de_l%27Independ%C3%A9ncia_del_Reialme_Unit" title="Partit de l'Independéncia del Reialme Unit – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Partit de l'Independéncia del Reialme Unit" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%D9%86%D9%B9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="یو کے انڈیپینڈنٹ پارٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یو کے انڈیپینڈنٹ پارٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partia_Niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_Zjednoczonego_Kr%C3%B3lestwa" title="Partia Niepodległości Zjednoczonego Królestwa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Partia Niepodległości Zjednoczonego Królestwa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_de_Independ%C3%AAncia_do_Reino_Unido" title="Partido de Independência do Reino Unido – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido de Independência do Reino Unido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partidul_pentru_independen%C8%9Ba_Regatului_Unit" title="Partidul pentru independența Regatului Unit – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Partidul pentru independența Regatului Unit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Партия независимости Соединённого Королевства – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Партия независимости Соединённого Королевства" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Unthirldom_Pairty" title="UK Unthirldom Pairty – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="UK Unthirldom Pairty" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="UK Independence Party" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A3%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Странка за независност Уједињеног Краљевства – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Странка за независност Уједињеног Краљевства" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranka_nezavisnosti_UK" title="Stranka nezavisnosti UK – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stranka nezavisnosti UK" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdistyneen_kuningaskunnan_itsen%C3%A4isyyspuolue" title="Yhdistyneen kuningaskunnan itsenäisyyspuolue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdistyneen kuningaskunnan itsenäisyyspuolue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independence_Party" title="United Kingdom Independence Party – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="United Kingdom Independence Party" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Krall%C4%B1k_Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1ms%C4%B1zl%C4%B1k_Partisi" title="Birleşik Krallık Bağımsızlık Partisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Birleşik Krallık Bağımsızlık Partisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Партія незалежності Сполученого Королівства – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Партія незалежності Сполученого Королівства" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%D9%86%D9%B9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="یو کے انڈیپینڈنٹ پارٹی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یو کے انڈیپینڈنٹ پارٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #6D3177; border-bottom:2px solid #6D3177; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">UK Independence Party</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_Independence_Party_logo_(2022).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/UK_Independence_Party_logo_%282022%29.svg/150px-UK_Independence_Party_logo_%282022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/UK_Independence_Party_logo_%282022%29.svg/225px-UK_Independence_Party_logo_%282022%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/UK_Independence_Party_logo_%282022%29.svg/300px-UK_Independence_Party_logo_%282022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">UKIP</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Leadership">Interim leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Nick_Tenconi" title="Nick Tenconi">Nick Tenconi</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Honorary President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Hamilton_(politician)" title="Neil Hamilton (politician)">Neil Hamilton</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Ben Walker</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">General Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Donald Mackay<a href="#cite_note-ukip-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Treasurer</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Ian Garbutt<a href="#cite_note-ukip-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sked" title="Alan Sked">Alan Sked</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">3 September 1993; 31 years ago (1993-09-03)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalist_League" title="Anti-Federalist League">Anti-Federalist League</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Henleaze Business Centre, 13 Harbury Road, Henleaze, Bristol, BS9 4PN<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Young Independence</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(2020)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 3,888<a href="#cite_note-31_December_2020_membership-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_nationalism" title="British nationalism">British nationalism</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a><a href="#cite_note-parties-and-elections.eu-7">[7]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> to <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European Parliament group</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Democracies_and_Diversities" title="Europe of Democracies and Diversities">Europe of Democracies and Diversities</a> (1999–2004)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Independence/Democracy" title="Independence/Democracy">Independence/Democracy</a> (2004–2009)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Democracy">Europe of Freedom and Democracy</a> (2009–2014)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy</a> (2014–2018)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Direct_Democracy_in_Europe" title="Alliance for Direct Democracy in Europe">Alliance for Direct Democracy in Europe</a> (2014–2017)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom" title="Europe of Nations and Freedom">Europe of Nations and Freedom</a> (2019)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  <a href="/wiki/Purple_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Purple (color)">Purple</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Gold_(color)" title="Gold (color)">Gold</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Slogan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">People not politics</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukip.org">ukip.org</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #6D3177;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The UK Independence Party (UKIP, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈjuːkɪp/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b9\/UKIP.ogg\/UKIP.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"UKIP.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/UKIP.ogg/UKIP.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:UKIP.ogg" title="File:UKIP.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">YOO-kip</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Eurosceptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurosceptic">Eurosceptic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing populist">right-wing populist</a> political party in the United Kingdom. The party reached its greatest level of success in the mid-2010s, when it gained two <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">members of parliament</a> (both through defections) and was the largest party representing the UK in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. The party is currently led by <a href="/wiki/Nick_Tenconi" title="Nick Tenconi">Nick Tenconi</a>. UKIP originated as the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalist_League" title="Anti-Federalist League">Anti-Federalist League</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Single-issue" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-issue">single-issue</a> Eurosceptic party established in London by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Sked" title="Alan Sked">Alan Sked</a> in 1991. It was renamed UKIP in 1993, but its growth remained slow. It was largely eclipsed by the Eurosceptic <a href="/wiki/Referendum_Party" title="Referendum Party">Referendum Party</a> until the latter's 1997 dissolution. In 1997, Sked was ousted by a faction led by <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a>, who became the party's preeminent figure. In 2006, Farage officially became leader and, under his direction, the party adopted a wider policy platform and capitalised on concerns about rising immigration, in particular among the <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">white British</a> working class. This resulted in significant breakthroughs at the <a href="/wiki/2013_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2013 United Kingdom local elections">2013 local elections</a>, <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014 European parliamentary elections</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 general election</a>. After the UK voted to <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">leave the EU</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 Brexit referendum</a>, Farage stepped down as UKIP leader, later joining the <a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a>. UKIP subsequently saw its vote share and membership heavily decline, losing almost all of its elected representatives amid much internal instability and a drift toward a <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a>, anti-Islam message. Ideologically positioned on the <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> of British politics, UKIP is characterised by <a href="/wiki/Political_scientists" class="mw-redirect" title="Political scientists">political scientists</a> as a right-wing populist party. Its primary emphasis has been on hard Euroscepticism; it was one of the first to call for the United Kingdom's exit from the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU). It promotes a <a href="/wiki/British_unionist" class="mw-redirect" title="British unionist">British unionist</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="British nationalist">British nationalist</a> agenda, encouraging a unitary British identity in opposition to growing <a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Welsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Scottish nationalisms</a>. UKIP has also placed emphasis on lowering immigration, rejecting <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a>, and opposing what it calls the "<a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamification</a>" of Britain. Influenced by <a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical liberalism</a>, it describes itself as <a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">economically libertarian</a> and promotes <a href="/wiki/Liberal_economic" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal economic">liberal economic</a> policies. On social issues such as <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a>, education policy, and criminal justice it is <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">traditionalist</a>. Having an ideological heritage stemming from the right-wing of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>, it has distinguished itself from the political establishment through heavy use of <a href="/wiki/Populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist">populist</a> rhetoric, for example, through Farage's description of its supporters as the "People's Army". Governed by its leader and national executive committee, UKIP is divided into 12 regional groups. While gaining electoral support from various sectors of British society, <a href="/wiki/Psephologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Psephologists">psephologists</a> established that at its height, UKIP's primary voting base consisted of older, working-class white men living in England. UKIP has faced a critical reception from mainstream political parties, much of the media, and <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-fascist">anti-fascist</a> groups. Its discourse on immigration and cultural identity generated accusations of <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobia</a>, both of which it denies. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_and_early_years:_1991–2004">Foundation and early years: 1991–2004</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UKIP_Logo_(Original).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/UKIP_Logo_%28Original%29.svg/220px-UKIP_Logo_%28Original%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/UKIP_Logo_%28Original%29.svg/330px-UKIP_Logo_%28Original%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/UKIP_Logo_%28Original%29.svg/440px-UKIP_Logo_%28Original%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>The initial UKIP logo</figcaption></figure> UKIP began as the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalist_League" title="Anti-Federalist League">Anti-Federalist League</a>, a Eurosceptic political party established in 1991 by the historian <a href="/wiki/Alan_Sked" title="Alan Sked">Alan Sked</a>. The League opposed the recently signed <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a> and sought to sway the governing <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> towards <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">removing the United Kingdom</a> from the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2008256AbediLundberg200978FordGoodwin201421Tournier-Sol2015142-15">[15]</a> A former <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a> candidate, member of the <a href="/wiki/Bruges_Group_(United_Kingdom)" title="Bruges Group (United Kingdom)">Bruges Group</a>, and professor at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> (LSE), Sked had converted to Euroscepticism while teaching the LSE's European Studies programme.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201421-16">[16]</a> Under the Anti-Federalist League's banner, Sked was a candidate for member of parliament (MP) for <a href="/wiki/Bath_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bath (UK Parliament constituency)">Bath</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">1992 general election</a>, gaining 0.2% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201422-17">[17]</a> At a party meeting held in the LSE on 3 September 1993, the group was renamed the UK Independence Party, deliberately avoiding the term "British" so as to avoid confusion with the far-right <a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a> (BNP).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201422,_24-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC3May13-19">[19]</a> UKIP contested the <a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election" title="1994 European Parliament election">1994 European Parliament election</a> with little financing and much infighting, securing itself as the fifth-largest party in that election with 1% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201424–25-20">[20]</a> During this period, UKIP was viewed as a typical <a href="/wiki/Single-issue_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-issue party">single-issue party</a> by commentators, some of whom drew comparisons with the French <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poujade" title="Pierre Poujade">Poujadist movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin20143-21">[21]</a> Following the election, UKIP lost much support to the <a href="/wiki/Referendum_Party" title="Referendum Party">Referendum Party</a>; founded by the multi-millionaire <a href="/wiki/James_Goldsmith" title="James Goldsmith">James Goldsmith</a> in 1994, it shared UKIP's Eurosceptic approach but was far better funded.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201426–27-22">[22]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1997 United Kingdom general election">1997 general election</a>, UKIP fielded 194 candidates and secured 0.3% of the national vote; only one of its candidates, <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> in <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Salisbury (UK Parliament constituency)">Salisbury</a>, secured over 5% of the vote and had his deposit returned.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201430-23">[23]</a> UKIP was beaten by the Referendum Party in 163 of the 165 seats in which they stood against each other.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201430-23">[23]</a> The Referendum Party disbanded following Goldsmith's death later that year, and many of its candidates joined UKIP.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201432–33Etheridge201411-24">[24]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UKIP_bus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/UKIP_bus.jpg/220px-UKIP_bus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/UKIP_bus.jpg/330px-UKIP_bus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/UKIP_bus.jpg/440px-UKIP_bus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A UKIP <a href="/wiki/Campaign_bus" title="Campaign bus">campaign bus</a>, 2004</figcaption></figure> After the election, Sked was pressured into resigning by a party faction led by Farage, <a href="/wiki/David_Lott" title="David Lott">David Lott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Holmes_(politician)" title="Michael Holmes (politician)">Michael Holmes</a>, who deemed him too intellectual and dictatorial.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201432–33-25">[25]</a> Sked left the party, alleging that it had been infiltrated by <a href="/wiki/Racist" class="mw-redirect" title="Racist">racist</a> and far-right elements, including BNP spies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201436–37-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> This connection was emphasised in the press, particularly when Farage was photographed meeting with BNP activists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201436–37-26">[26]</a> Holmes took over as party leader, and in the <a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1999 European Parliament elections</a>—the first British election for the European Parliament to use <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>—UKIP received 6.5% of the vote and three seats, in <a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">South East England</a> (Farage), <a href="/wiki/South_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South West England (European Parliament constituency)">South West England</a> (Holmes), and the <a href="/wiki/East_of_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East of England (European Parliament constituency)">East of England</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Titford" title="Jeffrey Titford">Jeffrey Titford</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201433–34-28">[28]</a> An internal power struggle ensued between Holmes and the party's national executive committee (NEC), which was critical of Holmes after he called for the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> to have greater powers over the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. Led by Farage, the NEC removed Holmes from power, and Titford was elected leader.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201435,_37Etheridge201411–12-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2001 United Kingdom general election">2001 general election</a>, UKIP secured 1.5% of the vote, and six of its 428 candidates retained their deposits. It had lost much of its support to the Conservatives, whose leader <a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a> had adopted increasingly Eurosceptic rhetoric during his campaign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201438–41-31">[31]</a> In 2002, the former Conservative MP <a href="/wiki/Roger_Knapman" title="Roger Knapman">Roger Knapman</a> was elected UKIP leader, bringing with him the experience of mainstream politics that the party had lacked.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201442-32">[32]</a> Knapman hired the political campaign consultant <a href="/wiki/Dick_Morris" title="Dick Morris">Dick Morris</a> to advise UKIP. The party adopted the slogan "say no" and launched a national billboard campaign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201443–44-33">[33]</a> In 2004, UKIP reorganised itself nationally as a <a href="/wiki/Private_company_limited_by_guarantee" class="mw-redirect" title="Private company limited by guarantee">private company limited by guarantee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEtheridge201413–14-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growing_visibility:_2004–2014">Growing visibility: 2004–2014</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2010s_in_United_Kingdom_political_history" title="2010s in United Kingdom political history">2010s in United Kingdom political history</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nigel_Farage_Autumn_2008.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Nigel_Farage_Autumn_2008.JPG/170px-Nigel_Farage_Autumn_2008.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Nigel_Farage_Autumn_2008.JPG/255px-Nigel_Farage_Autumn_2008.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Nigel_Farage_Autumn_2008.JPG/340px-Nigel_Farage_Autumn_2008.JPG 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a>, leader of the party from 2006 to 2009 and again from 2010 to 2016, and an <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEP</a> from 1999 to 2020.</figcaption></figure> UKIP's support increased during the <a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2004 European Parliament elections</a>, when it placed third, securing 2.6 million votes (16.1%) and winning 12 seats. This had been made possible through increased funding from major donors and the celebrity endorsement of former chat show host <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kilroy-Silk" title="Robert Kilroy-Silk">Robert Kilroy-Silk</a>, who stood as a candidate in the <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">East Midlands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbediLundberg200980FordGoodwin20144,_44–46,_48-35">[35]</a> Kilroy-Silk then criticised Knapman's leadership, arguing that UKIP should stand against Conservative candidates, regardless of whether they were Eurosceptic or not. This position was rejected by many party members, who were uneasy regarding Kilroy-Silk. After Farage and Lott backed Knapman, Kilroy-Silk left the party in January 2005.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201449–52-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Two weeks later, he founded his own rival, <a href="/wiki/Veritas_(political_party)" title="Veritas (political party)">Veritas</a>, taking a number of UKIP members—including both of its <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a> members—with him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbediLundberg200973FordGoodwin201466-38">[38]</a> After Kilroy-Silk's defection, UKIP's membership declined by a third and donations dropped by over a half.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201462-39">[39]</a> UKIP continued to be widely seen as a single-issue party and in the <a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">2005 general election</a>—when it fielded 496 candidates—it secured only 2.2% of the vote, and 40 candidates had their deposits returned.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin20145–6,_65-40">[40]</a> Electoral support for the BNP grew during this period, with academics and political commentators suggesting that the parties were largely competing for the same voter base, a section of about 20% of the UK population.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDriver2011148FordGoodwin20147–8,_66–70-41">[41]</a> Given that the BNP had outperformed UKIP in most of the seats that they both contested, many UKIP members, including several figures on the NEC, favoured an electoral pact with them, a proposal that Farage strongly condemned.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201473–75-42">[42]</a> In 2006, Farage was <a href="/wiki/2006_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2006 UK Independence Party leadership election">elected leader</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2008256FordGoodwin201471-43">[43]</a> To attract support, he cultivated an image of himself as a "man of the people", openly smoking and drinking, showing disdain for the established parties, and speaking in an open manner that appeared unscripted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinlowHallTreadwell201741-44">[44]</a> He sought to broaden UKIP's image from that of a single-issue party by introducing an array of conservative policies, including reducing immigration, tax cuts, restoring <a href="/wiki/Grammar_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammar schools">grammar schools</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">climate change denial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynchWhitakerLoomes2012736FordGoodwin201472-45">[45]</a> In doing so he was attempting to attract disenfranchised former Conservatives who had left the party after its leader, <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>, had moved in a <a href="/wiki/Socially_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Socially liberal">socially liberal</a> direction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201470–71GoodwinMilazzo201522-46">[46]</a> According to Farage, Cameron was "a <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a>" whose priorities were "gay marriage, foreign aid, and wind farms".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201563-47">[47]</a> Cameron was highly critical of UKIP, referring to them as "fruitcakes, loonies, and closet racists".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDriver2011148FordGoodwin201471Etheridge201415GoodwinMilazzo20154–5-48">[48]</a> The Conservatives' largest donor, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Wheeler" title="Stuart Wheeler">Stuart Wheeler</a>, donated £100,000 to UKIP after criticising Cameron's stance towards the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a> and the EU.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> After trust in the mainstream parties was damaged by the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_parliamentary_expenses_scandal" title="United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal">parliamentary expenses scandal</a>, UKIP received an immediate surge in support.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201475–76-50">[50]</a> This helped it in the <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election" title="2009 European Parliament election">2009 European Parliament election</a>, in which it secured 2.5 million votes (16.5%), resulting in 13 MEPs, becoming the second largest party in the European Parliament after the Conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin20146,_76-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-2009election-52">[52]</a> During the election UKIP outperformed the BNP, whose electoral support base collapsed shortly afterward.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201477–78-53">[53]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malcolm_Pearson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Malcolm_Pearson.jpg/220px-Malcolm_Pearson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Malcolm_Pearson.jpg/330px-Malcolm_Pearson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Malcolm_Pearson.jpg/440px-Malcolm_Pearson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Pearson,_Baron_Pearson_of_Rannoch" title="Malcolm Pearson, Baron Pearson of Rannoch">Lord Pearson</a> led the party in 2009</figcaption></figure> In September 2009, Farage resigned as leader.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynchWhitakerLoomes2012737FordGoodwin201478-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The subsequent <a href="/wiki/2009_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2009 UK Independence Party leadership election">leadership election</a> was won by <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Pearson,_Baron_Pearson_of_Rannoch" title="Malcolm Pearson, Baron Pearson of Rannoch">Lord (Malcolm) Pearson</a>, who emphasised UKIP's opposition to high immigration rates and <a href="/wiki/Islamism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Islamism in the United Kingdom">Islamism in Britain</a>, calling for a ban on the <a href="/wiki/Burqa" title="Burqa">burqa</a> being worn in public.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynchWhitakerLoomes2012737FordGoodwin201480–83-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynchWhitakerLoomes2012737FordGoodwin201482–84-58">[58]</a> Pearson was unpopular with the UKIP grassroots, who viewed him as an establishment figure too favourable to the Conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201481–83,_85-59">[59]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 general election</a>, UKIP fielded 558 candidates and secured 3.1% of the vote (919,471 votes), but won no seats.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin20148,_87-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Pearson stood down as leader in August, and Farage was re-elected in the <a href="/wiki/2010_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2010 UK Independence Party leadership election">leadership election</a> with more than 60% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201489-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201489Etheridge201416-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Farage placed new emphasis on developing areas of local support through growth in local councils.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201494-66">[66]</a> Observing that the party had done well in areas dominated by <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white</a> <a href="/wiki/Blue-collar_worker" title="Blue-collar worker">blue-collar workers</a> with no educational attainment, and that conversely it had done poorly in areas with high numbers of graduates and ethnic minorities, UKIP's campaign refocused directly at the former target vote.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201495-67">[67]</a> UKIP support would be bolstered by dissatisfaction with the <a href="/wiki/Conservative-Liberal_Democrat_coalition_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government">Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government</a> and the perception that its <a href="/wiki/Austerity" title="Austerity">austerity</a> policies benefited the socio-economic elite while imposing hardship on most Britons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarkeWhiteleyBorgesSanders2016149–50-68">[68]</a> During this year, UKIP had witnessed far greater press coverage and growing support, with opinion polls placing it at around 10% support in late 2012.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin20149-69">[69]</a> UKIP put up a record number of candidates for the <a href="/wiki/2013_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2013 United Kingdom local elections">2013 local elections</a>, achieving its strongest local government result, polling an average of 23% in the wards where it stood, and increasing its number of elected councillors from four to 147.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETournier-Sol2015140-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-local-72">[72]</a> This was the best result for a party outside the <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom#Major_parties_in_the_House_of_Commons" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">big three</a> in British politics since the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>,<a href="#cite_note-GuardianMay3-73">[73]</a> with UKIP being described as "the most popular political insurgency" in Britain since the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK)">Social Democratic Party</a> during the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014225-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entering_mainstream_politics:_2014–2016">Entering mainstream politics: 2014–2016</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Parliament_election,_2014_(United_Kingdom).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/European_Parliament_election%2C_2014_%28United_Kingdom%29.svg/170px-European_Parliament_election%2C_2014_%28United_Kingdom%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/European_Parliament_election%2C_2014_%28United_Kingdom%29.svg/255px-European_Parliament_election%2C_2014_%28United_Kingdom%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/European_Parliament_election%2C_2014_%28United_Kingdom%29.svg/340px-European_Parliament_election%2C_2014_%28United_Kingdom%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2142" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Results of the <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">European Parliament election, 2014</a> in Great Britain. Districts where UKIP received the largest number of votes are shown in purple.</figcaption></figure> In March 2014, <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> awarded UKIP "major party status".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016178-75">[75]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2014_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2014 United Kingdom local elections">2014 local elections</a>, UKIP won 163 seats, an increase of 128, but did not take control of any council.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014 European Parliament elections</a>, UKIP received the greatest number of votes (27.5%) of any British party, which elected 24 MEPs.<a href="#cite_note-bbc2-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201552-78">[78]</a> The party won seats in every region of Britain, including its first in Scotland.<a href="#cite_note-breakthrough-79">[79]</a> It made strong gains in traditionally <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> voting areas within Wales and the North of England; it for instance came either first or second in all 72 council areas of the latter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201564-80">[80]</a> The victory established Farage and UKIP as "truly household names".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015104-81">[81]</a> It was the first time since 1906 that a party other than Labour or the Conservatives had won the most votes in a UK-wide election.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo20154-82">[82]</a> UKIP gained its first MP when Conservative defector <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Carswell" title="Douglas Carswell">Douglas Carswell</a> won the seat of <a href="/wiki/Clacton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Clacton (UK Parliament constituency)">Clacton</a> during an <a href="/wiki/2014_Clacton_by-election" title="2014 Clacton by-election">October 2014 by-election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015124–129,_174-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-Clacton-84">[84]</a> In November fellow Conservative defector <a href="/wiki/Mark_Reckless" title="Mark Reckless">Mark Reckless</a> became UKIP's second MP in a <a href="/wiki/2014_Rochester_and_Strood_by-election" title="2014 Rochester and Strood by-election">Rochester and Strood by-election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015135–136,_141–142,_174-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-reckless-86">[86]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 general election</a>, UKIP secured over 3.8 million votes (12.6% of the total), replacing the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> as the third most popular party, but only secured one seat,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwin201513GoodwinMilazzo2015273DennisonGoodwin2015169ClarkeWhiteleyBorgesSanders2016137-87">[87]</a> with Carswell retaining his seat and Reckless losing his.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015269-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In the run-up to the election, Farage stated that he would resign as party leader if he did not win <a href="/wiki/South_Thanet_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="South Thanet (UK Parliament constituency)">South Thanet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015257–258-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> On failing to do so, he resigned,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015289–291-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> although was reinstated three days later when the NEC rejected his resignation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015292–296-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-95">[95]</a> A period of 'civil war' broke out among senior membership between those who favoured Farage's leadership and those seeking a change.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015296-96">[96]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2015_Oldham_West_and_Royton_by-election" title="2015 Oldham West and Royton by-election">2015 Oldham West and Royton by-election</a> the party attacked <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a> as a security risk, but only gained a small increase in support at the expense of the Conservative Party. In the <a href="/wiki/2016_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="2016 National Assembly for Wales election">2016 National Assembly for Wales election</a>, UKIP nearly tripled their share of votes (from 4.7 per cent to 12.5 per cent) and won seven seats.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> UKIP had also won control of its first UK council, in Thanet, in May 2015; it took overall control from Labour and increased its seats on the council from two to 33.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016_Brexit_referendum">2016 Brexit referendum</h3></div> To counter the loss of further votes to UKIP, the governing Conservatives, led by <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>, promised a <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">referendum on the UK's continued membership of the EU</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015126Reed2016228-99">[99]</a> Rather than taking part in the official <a href="/wiki/Vote_Leave" title="Vote Leave">Vote Leave</a> campaign, to which various Eurosceptic Conservative and Labour politicians were linked, UKIP affiliated itself with the <a href="/wiki/Leave.EU" title="Leave.EU">Leave.EU</a> campaign group.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2016a28-100">[100]</a> Farage gained regular press coverage during the campaign, in which Leave.EU emphasised what it characterised as the negative impact of immigration on local communities and public services.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2016a28-100">[100]</a> The June 2016 referendum produced a 51.89% majority in favour of leaving the EU: the accomplishment of UKIP's raison d'être raised questions about the party's future.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2016a27-101">[101]</a> The loss of its MEPs would result in the loss of its primary institutional representation and a key source of its funding.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2016a29-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline:_2016–present">Decline: 2016–present</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/September_2016_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election">September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election</a>, <a href="/wiki/November_2016_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="November 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election">November 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election</a>, <a href="/wiki/2017_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 UK Independence Party leadership election">2017 UK Independence Party leadership election</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2018_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2018 UK Independence Party leadership election">2018 UK Independence Party leadership election</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Downward_turn_(2016–2018)">Downward turn (2016–2018)</h4></div> After the referendum, Farage resigned as UKIP leader.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Diane_James" title="Diane James">Diane James</a> was elected as his successor, but resigned after 18 days.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Farage's former deputy, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a>, was elected leader that month.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In March 2017, the party's only MP, Carswell, left the party to sit as an independent.<a href="#cite_note-bbc3-106">[106]</a> The following month, Reckless also left UKIP.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2017 United Kingdom local elections">2017 local elections</a>, UKIP lost all 145 seats it was defending, but gained one on <a href="/wiki/Lancashire_County_Council" title="Lancashire County Council">Lancashire County Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC050517-108">[108]</a> These results led several prominent former UKIP members to call for the party to be disbanded.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> In the following <a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017 general election</a>, UKIP received fewer than 600,000 votes and won no seats. The following day, Nuttall resigned and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Crowther" title="Steve Crowther">Steve Crowther</a> took over as interim party leader.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In July 2017, it lost its majority on <a href="/wiki/Thanet_District_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanet District Council">Thanet council</a> when Councillor Beverly Martin defected to the Conservatives;<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> in September all three UKIP councillors on <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_City_Council" title="Plymouth City Council">Plymouth City Council</a> defected to the Conservatives,<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> as did <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Phillips_(Brexit_Party_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandra Phillips (Brexit Party politician)">Alexandra Phillips</a>, who had been UKIP's head of media for three years.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UKIP_logo_(2017).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/UKIP_logo_%282017%29.svg/220px-UKIP_logo_%282017%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/UKIP_logo_%282017%29.svg/330px-UKIP_logo_%282017%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/UKIP_logo_%282017%29.svg/440px-UKIP_logo_%282017%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="217" /></a><figcaption>The UKIP logo, used briefly by the party from 2017 to 2018</figcaption></figure>In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bolton_(British_politician)" title="Henry Bolton (British politician)">Henry Bolton</a>, a former soldier, was <a href="/wiki/2017_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 UK Independence Party leadership election">elected</a> leader.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> In January 2018, UKIP MEP <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Arnott" title="Jonathan Arnott">Jonathan Arnott</a> resigned from the party.<a href="#cite_note-ukipresign-115">[115]</a> In December 2017, former UKIP <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County_Council" title="Suffolk County Council">Suffolk County Council</a> member and parliamentary candidate from the general election in <a href="/wiki/Central_Suffolk_and_North_Ipswich_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Central Suffolk and North Ipswich (UK Parliament constituency)">Central Suffolk and North Ipswich</a>, Stephen Searle, murdered his wife <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Anne_Searle" title="Murder of Anne Searle">Anne Searle</a> at their home in <a href="/wiki/Stowmarket" title="Stowmarket">Stowmarket</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> In January 2018, UKIP's NEC delivered a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">vote of no confidence</a> in Bolton; only Bolton voted against the motion.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-vote-120">[120]</a> He nevertheless refused to resign.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-vote-120">[120]</a> In protest, <a href="/wiki/Margot_Parker" title="Margot Parker">Margot Parker</a> resigned as deputy leader,<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> as did the party's spokesmen for government, education, immigration, and trade and industry.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> A few days later, all 17 UKIP members of <a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Council" title="Thurrock Council">Thurrock Council</a> left the party and formed <a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Independents" title="Thurrock Independents">Thurrock Independents</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> In February, UKIP members passed a vote of no confidence in Bolton, removing him as leader. He was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Batten" title="Gerard Batten">Gerard Batten</a> as interim leader until a new leadership election could be held.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> When the election occurred in April, Batten stood unopposed and was elected.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Association_with_the_far_right_(2018–2019)">Association with the far right (2018–2019)</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GerardBattenwithProtestors-cropped_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/GerardBattenwithProtestors-cropped_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-GerardBattenwithProtestors-cropped_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/GerardBattenwithProtestors-cropped_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-GerardBattenwithProtestors-cropped_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/GerardBattenwithProtestors-cropped_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-GerardBattenwithProtestors-cropped_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="1254" /></a><figcaption>Under <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Batten" title="Gerard Batten">Gerard Batten</a>'s leadership, UKIP moved towards a far-right stance</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/2018_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2018 United Kingdom local elections">2018 local elections</a>, UKIP lost 124 of the 126 seats it was defending, and gained a single seat in <a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a>, for a net loss of 123.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> MEP <a href="/wiki/James_Carver" title="James Carver">James Carver</a> left UKIP to sit as an independent on 28 May 2018, becoming the sixth UKIP MEP to leave since 2014.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Under the leadership of Henry Bolton, party membership was understood to have fallen to around 18,000 by January 2018.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> During Batten's interim leadership term, the party avoided insolvency after a financial appeal to members.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> As the new permanent leader, Batten focused the party more on opposing Islam, which he described as a "death cult",<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> sought closer relations with the far-right activist <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Robinson" title="Tommy Robinson">Tommy Robinson</a> and his followers,<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> and made Muslim-only prisons party policy (which was criticised as "the first step to Muslim concentration camps").<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> UKIP was criticised as an "explicitly far-right party" after they invited <a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a> as a spokesman.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The party saw its membership rise by 15% in July 2018, following the publication of the <a href="/wiki/Chequers_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Chequers Agreement">Chequers Agreement</a> and allowing three prominent far-right activists to join the party.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Previous leader <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> stated he was "really upset" that Robinson could be allowed into the party and that he believed Gerard Batten was marginalising the party.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Batten's appointment of Robinson as an adviser was followed by a wave of high-profile resignations from the party. Farage announced his decision to resign in December 2018, calling Batten "obsessed" with Islam and saying that "UKIP wasn't founded to be a party based on fighting a religious crusade".<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Former deputy chair <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Evans" title="Suzanne Evans">Suzanne Evans</a> had left earlier that week after Batten survived a vote of confidence from the party NEC.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> The former leader of the party in the Welsh Assembly, <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Jones_(politician)" title="Caroline Jones (politician)">Caroline Jones</a>, and the MEP <a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_10th_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 10th Earl of Dartmouth">William Dartmouth</a> had also cited the party's trajectory to the right as reasons for leaving the party.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Another former leader, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a>, also left for the same reason.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> By December 2018, a majority of the party's MEPs had left. Others leaving included <a href="/wiki/Peter_Whittle_(politician)" title="Peter Whittle (politician)">Peter Whittle</a>, the party's top vote-winner on the London Assembly. On 9 December 2018, before an important vote on <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> legislation, UKIP led a "Brexit Betrayal" rally in central London fronted by Robinson, alongside prominent far-right groups.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> By April 2019, of 24 UKIP MEPs elected in the 2014 European Election, only four remained members of UKIP.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Ten of these MEPs would later move to Nigel's Farage's new <a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a>, whilst O'Flynn defected to the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1990%E2%80%93present)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)">SDP</a>. Most others continued to sit as <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent MEPs</a>. By April 2019, the British government had agreed an extension to EU membership with the EU until 31 October 2019, which would mean the UK would take part in the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2019 European Parliament elections</a>. Candidates selected by UKIP to run in the election included controversial <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> personalities <a href="/wiki/Carl_Benjamin" title="Carl Benjamin">Carl Benjamin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Meechan" title="Mark Meechan">Mark Meechan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Benjamin had caused controversy by making "inappropriate" comments in 2016 about the rape threats to a female Labour MP <a href="/wiki/Jess_Phillips" title="Jess Phillips">Jess Phillips</a>, with the UKIP Swindon branch chair calling for him to be deselected.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Videos made by Benjamin in which he used racist terms also caused controversy.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> In May, the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2019 United Kingdom local elections">2019 United Kingdom local elections</a> saw UKIP lose around 80% of the seats it was defending. The party was criticised for failing "to capitalise on the collapse of the Conservatives" by commentators.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> In the European elections later that month, UKIP received 3.3% of the vote and lost all its remaining seats.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> On 2 June 2019, Batten resigned his post as party leader as he had promised if he lost his MEP position.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2019_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2019 UK Independence Party leadership election">2019 UKIP leadership election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Braine_(politician)" title="Richard Braine (politician)">Richard Braine</a> was elected UKIP leader and attempted to appoint Batten as deputy leader.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Braine's attempt to appoint Batten as the party's deputy leader was blocked by its NEC. Braine was criticised in the press for comments he has made which were considered racist and offensive, including one incident in which he claimed he "often confused" London mayor <a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Sadiq Khan</a> with <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Sidique_Khan" title="Mohammad Sidique Khan">Mohammad Sidique Khan</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">7/7 terror attackers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Braine later further came under fire when he announced he planned to boycott the September 2019 UKIP Party conference in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a>, after less than 450 tickets were sold for the conference. The chairman of UKIP, Kirstan Herriot, told members that Braine had attempted to cancel the conference due to the low turnout and was highly critical of this attempted action.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Internal_instability_and_wipeout_(2019–present)">Internal instability and wipeout (2019–present)</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_UKIP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Logo of UKIP until 2022" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7d/Logo_of_UKIP.svg/150px-Logo_of_UKIP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7d/Logo_of_UKIP.svg/225px-Logo_of_UKIP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7d/Logo_of_UKIP.svg/300px-Logo_of_UKIP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>The UKIP logo used until 2022</figcaption></figure> In October 2019, UKIP underwent a leadership crisis in the run-up to its NEC elections after it suspended Braine's membership, and by extension, his eligibility to be party leader, over allegations of data theft from party databases. Three other members associated with Braine – Jeff Armstrong, the party's general secretary appointed by Braine; NEC candidate Mark Dent; and Tony Sharp – were also suspended.<a href="#cite_note-bbc4-151">[151]</a> In response, Braine accused the NEC of carrying out a purge of members.<a href="#cite_note-dispute-152">[152]</a> All four members were reported to the <a href="/wiki/National_Fraud_Intelligence_Bureau" title="National Fraud Intelligence Bureau">National Fraud Intelligence Bureau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc4-151">[151]</a> On 30 October 2019, Braine resigned as leader of the party. He cited "internal conflict" and an inability to "prevent a purge of good members from the party", referring to the NEC's decision to add "Integrity", an anti-Islam faction within UKIP supporting Tommy Robinson, Batten and Braine, to the party's proscribed list of organisations.<a href="#cite_note-Braineresigns-153">[153]</a> On 7 November 2019, Welsh Assembly Member and UKIP group leader <a href="/wiki/Gareth_Bennett_(politician)" title="Gareth Bennett (politician)">Gareth Bennett</a> resigned from UKIP and chose to sit as an independent in the <a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Welsh Assembly</a>. He stated that he wanted to support <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Brexit_deal" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit deal">Brexit deal</a>. As a result, the sole remaining UKIP member of the Welsh Assembly was <a href="/wiki/Neil_Hamilton_(politician)" title="Neil Hamilton (politician)">Neil Hamilton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> In November 2019, Meechan posted a video to his YouTube channel, announcing that he had left UKIP, citing internal disputes and backstabbing within the party over their leadership as his reason for leaving.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] On 16 November 2019, NEC member <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Patricia Mountain">Patricia Mountain</a> was appointed interim leader in preparation for the December general election and the upcoming UKIP leadership election.<a href="#cite_note-Patricia_Mountain-156">[156]</a> Only 44 UKIP candidates stood in the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">December 2019 general election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> targeting constituencies that voted to leave the European Union in which the Brexit Party withdrew their candidates for the Conservatives or where the Conservative candidate was in favour of remaining in the EU. On 2 December 2019, Mountain appeared on <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a> for an interview with journalist <a href="/wiki/Adam_Boulton" title="Adam Boulton">Adam Boulton</a> as a part of the launch of the election manifesto for UKIP; it lasted for eight minutes and the interview was described by the <a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard" title="Evening Standard">Evening Standard</a> as a "car crash",<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> and there were reports that she was mistaken for the titular character of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Tate%27s_Nan" title="Catherine Tate's Nan">Catherine Tate's Nan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Mountain was unable to name a single seat her party was contending and "accidentally called her party racist".<a href="#cite_note-theneweuropean-161">[161]</a> UKIP failed to win any seats it contested in the election, and nationwide the party received only 22,817 votes (0.1% of the vote share). This result was the lowest the party had achieved in a general election in its history.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> The party also failed to retain any deposits, only received more than 1,000 votes in two seats, and, in another two seats, finished behind the <a href="/wiki/Political_satire" title="Political satire">satirical</a> <a href="/wiki/Official_Monster_Raving_Loony_Party" title="Official Monster Raving Loony Party">Official Monster Raving Loony Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> In January 2020, <a href="/wiki/David_Kurten" title="David Kurten">David Kurten</a>, UKIP's last remaining <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a> Member, left UKIP to stand as an <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent candidate</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2021_London_Assembly_election" title="2021 London Assembly election">2020 London Assembly election</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2020_London_mayoral_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 London mayoral election">2020 London mayoral election</a>. Kurten described the politics of both UKIP and the Brexit Party as needing "rebranding" once Britain left the EU on 31 January. Kurten's departure ended UKIP's presence on the London Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> In March 2020, according to a tweet by former leader Gerard Batten, the party was reported to be "close to <a href="/wiki/Insolvency" title="Insolvency">insolvency</a>".<a href="#cite_note-theneweuropean-161">[161]</a> On 25 June 2020, <a href="/wiki/Freddy_Vachha" title="Freddy Vachha">Freddy Vachha</a> was elected unopposed as leader.<a href="#cite_note-Interim-165">[165]</a> He stated that the party "went astray quite a few years ago" and that under his leadership it would "return to our libertarian freedom-loving principles".<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> On 12 September 2020, it was reported that Vachha had been suspended from the party following a formal complaint of bullying and harassment. Later that day, UKIP Wales leader <a href="/wiki/Neil_Hamilton_(politician)" title="Neil Hamilton (politician)">Neil Hamilton</a> was made interim leader.<a href="#cite_note-Interim-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Vachha argued a short time later that he was still leader, and that his suspension was unconstitutional, as he claimed to have appointed Marietta King as chairman in place of Ben Walker a few days earlier.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> Vachha decided to take legal action, however in December a judge refused his request to fast-track the case. Vachha then dropped his legal case and was ordered to pay the party's legal costs.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2021_Senedd_election" title="2021 Senedd election">2021 Senedd election</a>, UKIP performed poorly and suffered a "complete collapse" of voter support, with the Conservative Party gaining a number of voters who had in previous elections voted UKIP. The party finished seventh with 1.56% of regional list votes.<a href="#cite_note-:0-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-171">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Neil_Hamilton_(politician)" title="Neil Hamilton (politician)">Neil Hamilton</a>, Interim UKIP leader and UKIP's sole <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Senedd" title="Member of the Senedd">MS</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Senedd_Cymru_%E2%80%93_Welsh_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament">Welsh Senedd</a> lost his seat, ending any representation UKIP had outside of <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">local government in England</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/2021_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2021 Scottish Parliament election">Scottish Parliament election</a>, the party received just 3,848 (0.14%) list votes across the whole country despite standing in every region in Scotland.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2021 United Kingdom local elections">2021 local elections</a>, UKIP lost all the seats it was defending from the previous elections in those council areas. Furthermore, in the <a href="/wiki/2021_London_mayoral_election" title="2021 London mayoral election">London mayoral election</a>, the UKIP candidate, Peter Gammons, achieved 0.6% of the total vote, finishing 13th. The party finished ninth in the <a href="/wiki/2021_London_Assembly_election" title="2021 London Assembly election">London Assembly election</a>, down from fourth in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-:1-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> After a period as acting leader, Hamilton was elected as leader in October 2021, receiving 498 votes of 631 cast (78.9%) against challenger John Poynton.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-hamilton-176">[176]</a> In April 2023, the party removed a longstanding ban of current or former members of far-right groups and parties – including the <a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a> (BNP) – from joining the party, and replaced it with a ban of members of several <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">anti-fascist</a>, left-wing, and environmentalist groups.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2023_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2023 United Kingdom local elections">May 2023 local elections</a>, it lost all of its remaining council seats leaving the party without representation at any level.<a href="#cite_note-localcouncil-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> At the start of 2024, Hamilton announced that he would retire as party leader that May, leading to a new leadership contest. <a href="/wiki/Bill_Etheridge" title="Bill Etheridge">Bill Etheridge</a>, Lois Perry, and <a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Waters" title="Anne Marie Waters">Anne Marie Waters</a>, who had rejoined the party the previous year after having left to form the <a href="/wiki/For_Britain_Movement" title="For Britain Movement">For Britain Movement</a>, were announced as candidates for the contest,<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> though Waters subsequently withdrew her candidacy for unspecified personal reasons.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> Lois Perry was elected on 13 May 2024,<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> and announced upon the calling of the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 United Kingdom general election</a> later that month that the party would be entering into an electoral alliance with the <a href="/wiki/English_Democrats" title="English Democrats">English Democrats</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> On 15 June, after just 34 days as leader, Perry resigned due to health issues.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> Deputy leader Nick Tenconi took over as leader for the duration of the campaign, which saw the party's vote further decline from its 2019 levels, earning just 6,350 votes nationwide. Of the 26 candidates nominated, all but three of them finished with fewer than 300 votes, with 17 of them finishing in last place in their constituency.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Unlike the 2019 election, however, the party did succeed in retaining one deposit by winning 6.3% of the vote in <a href="/wiki/Stone,_Great_Wyrley_and_Penkridge_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Stone, Great Wyrley and Penkridge (UK Parliament constituency)">Stone, Great Wyrley and Penkridge</a>, largely due to <a href="/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK">Reform UK</a> (as the Brexit Party had renamed itself after the previous election) not nominating a candidate there; the 2,638 votes won by the UKIP candidate (Janice Mackay) single-handedly accounted for 41.5% of the party's national vote share.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology_and_policies">Ideology and policies</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Right-wing_populism">Right-wing populism</h3></div> UKIP is situated on the right-wing of the <a href="/wiki/Left%E2%80%93right_political_spectrum" title="Left–right political spectrum">left–right political spectrum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETournier-Sol2015147-187">[187]</a> More specifically, academic political scientists and commentators have described UKIP as a <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing populist">right-wing populist</a> party,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbediLundberg200972Jones2011245Dolezal2012142Liebert2012123Art2011188Driver2011149-11">[11]</a> and as part of Europe's wider <a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(Europe)" title="Radical right (Europe)">radical right</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArt2011188Driver2011149FordGoodwin201413BaleHoughVan_Kessel201397Goodwin201515Hayton2016402EvansMellon2016465-188">[188]</a> The term <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populism</a> refers to political groups which ideologically contrast "the people" against an elite or group of "dangerous others" whom the populists claim threaten the sovereignty of "the people",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016160-189">[189]</a> and during its establishment in 1993, UKIP's founders explicitly described it as a populist party.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETournier-Sol2015149-190">[190]</a> At the time, its "ideological heritage" lay within the right-wing of the Conservative Party,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayton2016401-191">[191]</a> and UKIP was influenced by the "Tory populism" of Conservative politicians <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enoch_Powell" title="Enoch Powell">Enoch Powell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETournier-Sol2015147-187">[187]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nigel_Farage_of_UKIP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nigel_Farage_of_UKIP.jpg/220px-Nigel_Farage_of_UKIP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nigel_Farage_of_UKIP.jpg/330px-Nigel_Farage_of_UKIP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nigel_Farage_of_UKIP.jpg/440px-Nigel_Farage_of_UKIP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>Farage at the 2009 UKIP Conference</figcaption></figure> The political scientists Amir Abedi and Thomas Carl Lundberg characterised UKIP as an "Anti-Political Establishment" party.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbediLundberg200972,_74Dye20158-192">[192]</a> The party's rhetoric presents the idea that there is a fundamental divide between the British population and the elite who govern the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbediLundberg200976Tournier-Sol2015149Dye20158-193">[193]</a> UKIP claims to stand up for ordinary people against this political elite.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETournier-Sol2015150-194">[194]</a> UKIP politician <a href="/wiki/Bill_Etheridge" title="Bill Etheridge">Bill Etheridge</a> for instance claimed that his party represented "a democratic revolution... the people of Britain rising up and fighting to wrestle power from the elite".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEtheridge20148-195">[195]</a> Contributing to this anti-establishment message, Farage describes the party's supporters as "the People's Army",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201552Hayton2016406-196">[196]</a> and he regularly held photo-opportunities and journalistic interviews in a <a href="/wiki/Pub" title="Pub">pub</a>, thus cultivating an "erudite everyman" image that contrasted with his past as a <a href="/wiki/Commodity_market" title="Commodity market">commodities trader</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016175-197">[197]</a> UKIP uses recurring populist rhetoric—for instance by describing its policies as "<a href="/wiki/Common_sense" title="Common sense">common sense</a>" and "straight talking"—in order to present itself as a straightforward alternative to the mainstream parties and their supposedly elusive and complex discourse.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETournier-Sol2015150-194">[194]</a> UKIP presents the UK's three primary parties—the Conservatives, Labour, and Liberal Democrats—as being essentially interchangeable, referring to them with the <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of "LibLabCon".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbediLundberg200976LynchWhitakerLoomes2012736Tournier-Sol2015150-198">[198]</a> Farage accused all three parties of being <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social-democratic</a> in ideology and "virtually indistinguishable from one another on nearly all the key issues".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEtheridge201416-199">[199]</a> Farage has also accused the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> of being "the voice of anti-Englishness", suggesting that elements of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Scottish nationalist</a> movement are "deeply racist, with a total hatred of the English".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayton2016404-200">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nationalism_and_British_unionism">Nationalism and British unionism</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>UKIP espouses a form of British nationalism; it states that it is a "civic" rather than an "ethnic" nationalism, although this categorisation has been disputed by political scientists<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMycockHayton2014264-201">[201]</a></figcaption></figure> UKIP has always had the politics of <a href="/wiki/National_identity" title="National identity">national identity</a> at its core.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayton2016400-202">[202]</a> The party is nationalist, and its "basic claim—that the highest priority for the British polity is to assure that it is fully governed by the national state—is a nationalist one."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDye201511-203">[203]</a> The party describes its position as being that of <a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">civic nationalism</a>, and in its manifesto explicitly rejects <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">ethnic nationalism</a> by encouraging support from Britons of all ethnicities and religions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin20147MycockHayton2014264-204">[204]</a> Rejecting claims that it is racist, both Sked and later Farage described UKIP as a "non-racist, non-sectarian party".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201429Etheridge201415-205">[205]</a> In UKIP's literature, the party has placed an emphasis on "restoring Britishness" and counteracting what it sees as a "serious existential crisis" exhibited by the "<a href="/wiki/Islamification" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamification">Islamification</a>" of Britain, the "pseudo-nationalisms" of <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, and Ireland, and the multicultural and <a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">supranational</a> policies promoted by "the cultural left", describing its own stance as being "unashamedly unicultural".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMycockHayton2014264-201">[201]</a> It has been suggested that this attitude compromises the party's claim that its form of <a href="/wiki/British_nationalism" title="British nationalism">British nationalism</a> is civic and inclusive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMycockHayton2014264-201">[201]</a> UKIP considers itself to be a <a href="/wiki/British_unionist" class="mw-redirect" title="British unionist">British unionist</a> party,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMycockHayton2014264Hayton2016401-206">[206]</a> although its support base is centred largely in England.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMycockHayton2014264-201">[201]</a> Farage characterised his party's growth as "a very English rebellion",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo20158-207">[207]</a> and has described UKIP as "unashamedly patriotic, proud to be who we are as a nation".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo20157-208">[208]</a> The political scientist Richard Hayton argued that UKIP's British unionism reflects "Anglo-Britishness", a perspective that blurs the distinction between Britain and England.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayton2016401-191">[191]</a> With Mycock, Hayton argued that in conflating <a href="/wiki/Englishness" class="mw-redirect" title="Englishness">Englishness</a> with <a href="/wiki/Britishness" class="mw-redirect" title="Britishness">Britishness</a>, UKIP exhibited an "inherent Anglocentrism" that negates the distinct culture of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/People_of_Northern_Ireland" title="People of Northern Ireland">Northern Irish</a> peoples of the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMycockHayton2014264-201">[201]</a> Hayton suggests that UKIP tap into "a vein of nostalgic cultural nationalism" within England,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayton2016402-209">[209]</a> and it has been noted that UKIP's discourse frames the image of Englishness in a nostalgic manner, harking back to the years before the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReed2016228-210">[210]</a> UKIP has emphasised the need to correct what it perceives as the United Kingdom's imbalance against England resulting from the "<a href="/wiki/West_Lothian_question" title="West Lothian question">West Lothian question</a>" and the <a href="/wiki/Barnett_formula" title="Barnett formula">Barnett formula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMycockHayton2014265-211">[211]</a> The party has mobilised <a href="/wiki/English_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="English nationalist">English nationalist</a> sentiment brought on by English concerns following the devolution within the UK and the rise of Welsh and Scottish nationalisms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReed2016228Hayton2016405GoodwinMilazzo20155-212">[212]</a> The party initially opposed <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federalism</a> in the UK,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayton2016401-191">[191]</a> criticising the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Assembly">Welsh Assembly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbediLundberg200975-213">[213]</a> However, in September 2011 Farage and the NEC announced their support for the establishment of an <a href="/wiki/English_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="English Parliament">English Parliament</a> to accompany the other devolved governments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMycockHayton2014265-211">[211]</a> In its 2015 manifesto, it promised to make <a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's Day">St. George's Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._David%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St. David's Day">St. David's Day</a> <a href="/wiki/Bank_holiday" title="Bank holiday">bank holidays</a> in England and Wales, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayton2016403-214">[214]</a> Similarly, UKIP's 2017 manifesto pledged to declare 23 June British Independence Day and observe it annually as a <a href="/wiki/Public_holiday" title="Public holiday">national holiday</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Euroscepticism,_immigration,_and_foreign_policy">Euroscepticism, immigration, and foreign policy</h3></div> UKIP embraces the ideology of <a href="/wiki/Hard_Euroscepticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard Euroscepticism">hard Euroscepticism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynchWhitakerLoomes2012733Tournier-Sol2015141–42Dye20157-216">[216]</a> also known as "Eurorejectionism".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDye20157-217">[217]</a> Opposition to the United Kingdom's continued membership of the European Union has been its "core issue" and is "central to the party's identity".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014193,_195-218">[218]</a> UKIP characterises the EU as a fundamentally undemocratic institution and stresses the need to regain what it describes as the UK's <a href="/wiki/National_sovereignty" class="mw-redirect" title="National sovereignty">national sovereignty</a> from the EU.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETournier-Sol2015142-219">[219]</a> It presents the EU as being an exemplar of non-accountability, corruption, and inefficiency, and views it as being responsible for the "flooding" of the UK with migrants, in particular from Eastern Europe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016173-220">[220]</a> UKIP emphasises Euroscepticism to a far greater extent than any of Western Europe's other main radical right parties,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014187–88-221">[221]</a> and it was only post-2010 that it began seriously articulating other issues.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014233-222">[222]</a> Hayton nevertheless suggested that Euroscepticism still remains "the lens through which most of its other policy positions are framed and understood".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayton2016400-202">[202]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Starcross_,_The_Strand,_UKIP_Poster_and_Starcross_Sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1345072.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Starcross_%2C_The_Strand%2C_UKIP_Poster_and_Starcross_Sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1345072.jpg/220px-Starcross_%2C_The_Strand%2C_UKIP_Poster_and_Starcross_Sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1345072.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Starcross_%2C_The_Strand%2C_UKIP_Poster_and_Starcross_Sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1345072.jpg/330px-Starcross_%2C_The_Strand%2C_UKIP_Poster_and_Starcross_Sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1345072.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Starcross_%2C_The_Strand%2C_UKIP_Poster_and_Starcross_Sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1345072.jpg/440px-Starcross_%2C_The_Strand%2C_UKIP_Poster_and_Starcross_Sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1345072.jpg 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="305" /></a><figcaption>UKIP placard on the side of the road in <a href="/wiki/Starcross" title="Starcross">Starcross</a>, Devon, declaring: "Say NO to European Union"</figcaption></figure> The party opposed the <a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">2004 enlargement of the European Union</a> into <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEtheridge201414-223">[223]</a> UKIP advocated leaving the European Union, stopping payments to the EU, and withdrawing from <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">EU treaties</a>, while maintaining trading ties with other European countries.<a href="#cite_note-Local_elections:_What_does_UKIP_stand_for?-224">[224]</a> Initially, UKIP's policy was that, in the event of winning a general election, it would remove the UK from the EU without a referendum on the issue.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2016a28-100">[100]</a> The party leadership later suggested a referendum, expressing the view that in the case of an exit vote, it could negotiate favourable terms for the country's withdrawal, for instance through ensuring a <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreement" title="Free trade agreement">free trade agreement</a> between the UK and EU.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynchWhitakerLoomes2012741-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> UKIP eventually committed to a referendum in its 2015 manifesto.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2016a28-100">[100]</a> In contrast to involvement in the EU, UKIP has emphasised the UK's global connections, in particularly to member states of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETournier-Sol2015144-227">[227]</a> UKIP rejected the description that they were "Europhobes", maintaining that its stance was anti-EU, not anti-European.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETournier-Sol2015144-227">[227]</a> UKIP has placed great emphasis on the issue of immigration to the UK,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynchWhitakerLoomes2012754Tournier-Sol2015146-228">[228]</a> and in 2013 Farage described it as "the biggest single issue facing this party".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETournier-Sol2015146-229">[229]</a> UKIP attributes British membership of the EU as the core cause of immigration to the UK, citing the Union's open-border policies as the reason why large numbers of East European migrants have moved to Britain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETournier-Sol2015146-229">[229]</a> On their campaign billboards, UKIP have presented EU migrants as a source of crime, as well as a pressure on housing, the welfare state, and the health service.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201542-230">[230]</a> Farage has emphasised not only the economic impact of migration but also the public anxieties regarding the cultural changes brought by immigration.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201542-230">[230]</a> In its 2009 electoral manifesto, UKIP proposed a five-year ban on any migrants coming to the UK.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016173-220">[220]</a> By 2015, it had modified this to the view that the five-year ban should apply only to unskilled migrants.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015231-231">[231]</a> To regulate the arrival of skilled migrants, it called for the UK to adopt a points-based system akin to that employed by Australia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015172,_231Heywood2015139-232">[232]</a> It advocated the establishment of a watchdog to help curb immigration, and bring the levels of net annual immigration down from the hundreds of thousands to between 20,000 and 50,000, which was the average level in the UK between 1950 and 2000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015231-231">[231]</a> UKIP calls for all immigrants to require compulsory health insurance,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015231-231">[231]</a> and proposes that migrants be barred from claiming any state benefits until they had been resident in the UK for at least five years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016183-233">[233]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exeter_,_Cowley_Bridge_Road_and_UKIP_Hoarding_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1345943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Exeter_%2C_Cowley_Bridge_Road_and_UKIP_Hoarding_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1345943.jpg/220px-Exeter_%2C_Cowley_Bridge_Road_and_UKIP_Hoarding_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1345943.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Exeter_%2C_Cowley_Bridge_Road_and_UKIP_Hoarding_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1345943.jpg/330px-Exeter_%2C_Cowley_Bridge_Road_and_UKIP_Hoarding_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1345943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Exeter_%2C_Cowley_Bridge_Road_and_UKIP_Hoarding_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1345943.jpg/440px-Exeter_%2C_Cowley_Bridge_Road_and_UKIP_Hoarding_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1345943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="356" /></a><figcaption>UKIP poster in <a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a> in 2009: "Say NO to Unlimited Immigration"</figcaption></figure> UKIP gained traction from the fact that post-2008, immigration had come to the forefront of many Britons' minds as a result of increased EU migration and its concomitant social changes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201528–30-234">[234]</a> By the 2015 general election, the political scientists James Dennison and Matthew Goodwin argued, UKIP had secured "ownership" of the immigration issue among British voters, having secured it from the Conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDennisonGoodwin2015169,_179-235">[235]</a> However, the party's campaign against immigration has been accused of using racism and xenophobia to win votes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201543-236">[236]</a> Political scientist David Art suggested that in its campaign to restrict immigration, UKIP had "flirted with xenophobia",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArt2011104-237">[237]</a> while Daniel T. Dye stated that part of the party's appeal was its "sometimes-xenophobic populism",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDye20152-238">[238]</a> and the journalist <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Trilling" title="Daniel Trilling">Daniel Trilling</a> stated that UKIP tapped into the "anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim populism" that was popular in the late 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrilling2012154-239">[239]</a> The political scientist Simon Usherwood stated that UKIP's hardening of immigration policy "risked reinforcing the party's profile as a quasi-far-right grouping",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2008258-240">[240]</a> elsewhere stating that the party was only held together by its opposition to the EU and immigration, suggesting that it had "no ideological coherence" beyond that.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2016a29-102">[102]</a> In its 2015 campaign, UKIP called for the foreign aid budget to be cut.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015238-241">[241]</a> It has also advocated a 40% increase in the UK's national defence budget.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETournier-Sol2015146-229">[229]</a> It opposes British military involvement in conflicts that are not perceived to be in the national interest, specifically rejecting the concept of <a href="/wiki/Regime_change_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Regime change war">regime change wars</a> through <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_intervention" title="Humanitarian intervention">humanitarian interventionism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETournier-Sol2015146-229">[229]</a> For instance, in 2014 it opposed the Cameron government's plans to intervene militarily against the government of <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201496Tournier-Sol2015146-242">[242]</a> In 2018, UKIP pledged to work with anti-EU populist group <a href="/wiki/The_Movement_(populist_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Movement (populist group)">The Movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> The party was known for its <a href="/wiki/Russophilia" title="Russophilia">pro-Russia</a> stance on foreign policy.<a href="#cite_note-Fomina2020-244">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_policy">Economic policy</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "So what kind of party is UKIP? Ideologically, the party combines a mix of old-style liberal commitments to free markets, limited government and individual freedom with conservative appeals to national sovereignty and traditional social values." </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Political scientist Stephen Driver, 2011<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDriver2011147-245">[245]</a></cite> </div> On economic policy, UKIP shares the main three parties' acceptance of the core principles of a capitalist market economy,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinlowHallTreadwell201744-246">[246]</a> and the party is generally at ease with the global <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin20147-247">[247]</a> The academics Simon Winlow, Steve Hall, and James Treadwell commented that on economic issues, "UKIP wants to have its cake and eat it. It wants to retain the best bits of the market economy while discarding what it considers the negative outcomes of 21st-century neoliberalism."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinlowHallTreadwell201743–44-248">[248]</a> They noted for instance that it wanted "free movement of capital" yet wanted to curtail "the free movement of workers across borders".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinlowHallTreadwell201743-249">[249]</a> On economic issues, UKIP's original activist base was largely <a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">libertarian</a>, supporting an <a href="/wiki/Economically_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Economically liberal">economically liberal</a> approach.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014277-250">[250]</a> Its economic libertarian views have been influenced by <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical liberalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a>, with Thatcher representing a key influence on UKIP's thought.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETournier-Sol2015145-251">[251]</a> Farage has characterised UKIP as "the true inheritors" of Thatcher, claiming that the party never would have formed had Thatcher remained Prime Minister of the UK throughout the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETournier-Sol2015145-251">[251]</a> Winlow, Hall, and Treadwell suggested that a UKIP government would pursue "hard-core Thatcherism" on economic policy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinlowHallTreadwell201743-249">[249]</a> UKIP presents itself as a <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian party">libertarian party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin20147Tournier-Sol2015145LynchWhitaker2013296-252">[252]</a> and the political scientists David Deacon and Dominic Wring described it as articulating "a potent brand of libertarian populism".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016170-253">[253]</a> However, commentators writing in <a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a> have all challenged the description of UKIP as libertarian, highlighting its <a href="/wiki/Cultural_conservatism" title="Cultural conservatism">socially conservative</a> and economically <a href="/wiki/Protectionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Protectionist">protectionist</a> policies as being contrary to a libertarian ethos.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> UKIP would allow businesses to favour British workers over migrants,<a href="#cite_note-wilfully_misinterpreted-257">[257]</a> and would repeal "much of" Britain's racial discrimination law, which was described as "shocking" by the <a href="/wiki/Conservative%E2%80%93Liberal_Democrat_coalition_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government">Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> and viewed as discriminatory by others.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> However, Farage insisted that his comments regarding his party's policies on these matters had been "wilfully misinterpreted".<a href="#cite_note-wilfully_misinterpreted-257">[257]</a> Although the party did not have an official stance on the <a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_Trade_and_Investment_Partnership" title="Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership">Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership</a>, the party's former international trade spokesperson (<a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_10th_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 10th Earl of Dartmouth">Lord Dartmouth</a>) and former health and social care spokesperson (<a href="/wiki/Louise_Bours" title="Louise Bours">Louise Bours</a>) stated that they did wish the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> to be included in the trade deal, according to the <a href="/wiki/International_Business_Times" title="International Business Times">International Business Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_policy">Social policy</h3></div> In <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, commentator Ed Rooksby described UKIP's approach to many social issues as being "traditionalist and socially conservative",<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> while political scientist Stephen Driver has referred to the party's appeals to "traditional social values".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDriver2011147-245">[245]</a> UKIP opposed the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom">same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClements2014242Tournier-Sol2015146-262">[262]</a> UKIP wants to repeal the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Act_1998" title="Human Rights Act 1998">Human Rights Act</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbediLundberg200973-263">[263]</a> and remove Britain from both the European Convention on Refugees and the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a> (ECHR).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEtheridge201442–43-264">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-Immigration_policy-265">[265]</a> On the repeal of Britain's signatory to the ECHR, UKIP would like to see a referendum on the reintroduction of the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty_in_the_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty in the UK">death penalty in the UK</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEtheridge201443-266">[266]</a> In 2015, Farage attracted widespread press attention for suggesting that HIV positive patients who were not British citizens should not receive treatment on the NHS.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDennisonGoodwin2015168-267">[267]</a> In that same speech he stated that the UK should put the NHS "there for British people and families, who in many cases have paid into the system for years".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDennisonGoodwin2015168-267">[267]</a> Farage has spoken in favour of an insurance-based system in the past, which he said would resemble the French and Dutch style system rather than an American style private system, but this was rejected by the party. He has commented, "we may have to think about ways in the future about dealing with health care differently".<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> Critics of UKIP have claimed that the party's real desire is to dismantle and <a href="/wiki/Privatise" class="mw-redirect" title="Privatise">privatise</a> the NHS,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015134-269">[269]</a> a claim bolstered by the publication of leaked documents showing that in 2013 the UKIP NEC privately spoke positively of NHS privatisation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015220-270">[270]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukipppc2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ukipppc2010.jpg/220px-Ukipppc2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ukipppc2010.jpg/330px-Ukipppc2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ukipppc2010.jpg/440px-Ukipppc2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>A UKIP candidate campaigning in the run-up to the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 general election</a></figcaption></figure> Although Farage had long been reticent about focusing on public anxieties surrounding Muslims in Britain, he spoke out following the <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo_shooting" title="Charlie Hebdo shooting">Charlie Hebdo shooting</a>, claiming that there was a "fifth column" of Islamists in the UK who—while "mercifully small" in number—were "out to destroy our whole civilisation".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015214-271">[271]</a> At the same time he called for Western states to do more to promote their <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian" title="Judeo-Christian">Judeo-Christian</a> heritage,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015214-271">[271]</a> and criticised state <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a> for promoting social segregation, discouraging integration, and generating a "tick-box approach" to <a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">identity politics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015214-271">[271]</a> In its 2017 manifesto, UKIP pledged to abolish the existence of <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia courts</a> in the UK and ban the wearing of the <a href="/wiki/Niqab" class="mw-redirect" title="Niqab">niqab</a> and burka in public; it claimed that these were needed to promote the integration of Muslims with wider British society.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> UKIP is the only major political party in the United Kingdom that does not endorse <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> and lower carbon emissions,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReed2016229-273">[273]</a> and its media output regularly promotes <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">climate change denial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReed2016237-274">[274]</a> Farage and other senior UKIP figures have repeatedly spoken out against the construction of <a href="/wiki/Wind_farms" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind farms">wind farms</a>, deeming them a blot on the rural landscape.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReed2016233–36-275">[275]</a> UKIP's media present renewable energy as inefficient and unaffordable,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReed2016237-274">[274]</a> and they promote the use of <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuels">fossil fuels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear energy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fracking" title="Fracking">fracking</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReed2016238-276">[276]</a> UKIP has announced that it would repeal the <a href="/wiki/Climate_Change_Act_2008" title="Climate Change Act 2008">Climate Change Act 2008</a> and has placed an emphasis on protecting the <a href="/wiki/Green_belt_(United_Kingdom)" title="Green belt (United Kingdom)">Green Belt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UKIP_poster_in_Alexandra_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1362476.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/UKIP_poster_in_Alexandra_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1362476.jpg/170px-UKIP_poster_in_Alexandra_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1362476.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/UKIP_poster_in_Alexandra_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1362476.jpg/255px-UKIP_poster_in_Alexandra_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1362476.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/UKIP_poster_in_Alexandra_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1362476.jpg/340px-UKIP_poster_in_Alexandra_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1362476.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>UKIP poster in <a href="/wiki/Egham" title="Egham">Egham</a>, Surrey, for the 2009 European elections</figcaption></figure> In its 2015 election manifesto, UKIP promised to teach a chronological understanding of "British history and achievements" in schools,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayton2016403-214">[214]</a> and it calls for the scrapping of <a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">sex education</a> for children under 11.<a href="#cite_note-Education-278">[278]</a> UKIP would introduce an option for students to take an apprenticeship qualification instead of four non-core <a href="/wiki/General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="General Certificate of Secondary Education">GCSEs</a> which can be continued at <a href="/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="GCE Advanced Level">A Level</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Education-278">[278]</a> Schools would be investigated by <a href="/wiki/OFSTED" class="mw-redirect" title="OFSTED">OFSTED</a> on the presentation of a petition to the Department for Education signed by 25% of parents or governors.<a href="#cite_note-Education-278">[278]</a> UKIP have promoted the scrapping of the government target that 50% of school leavers attend university, and present the policy that <a href="/wiki/Tuition_fees" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuition fees">tuition fees</a> would be scrapped for students taking approved degrees in science, medicine, technology, engineering or mathematics.<a href="#cite_note-Education-278">[278]</a> Farage argued that <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a> like <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> should have representatives in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons of the United Kingdom</a>, akin to the privileges given to French overseas territories in France. Farage believes that all citizens for whom the British Parliament passes legislation, whether in the United Kingdom or its territories, deserve democratic representation in that Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Support">Support</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_backing">Financial backing</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UKIP_campaigning_in_Newport_High_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/UKIP_campaigning_in_Newport_High_Street.jpg/220px-UKIP_campaigning_in_Newport_High_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/UKIP_campaigning_in_Newport_High_Street.jpg/330px-UKIP_campaigning_in_Newport_High_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/UKIP_campaigning_in_Newport_High_Street.jpg/440px-UKIP_campaigning_in_Newport_High_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tadley" title="Tadley">Tadley Town</a> councillor and UKIP candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Hampshire_Police_and_Crime_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Hampshire Police and Crime Commissioner">Hampshire Police and Crime Commissioner</a>, Stephen West, campaigning in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Isle_of_Wight" title="Newport, Isle of Wight">Newport</a> high street on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> in <a href="/wiki/2012_England_and_Wales_police_and_crime_commissioner_elections" title="2012 England and Wales police and crime commissioner elections">2012</a>. </figcaption></figure> In 2008, Usherwood noted that UKIP relied heavily on a small number of major financial backers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2008261-280">[280]</a> According to The Guardian, a leaked internal report to UKIP's executive committee dated to September 2012 shows that the party's leader argued that "the key to money for us will be the <a href="/wiki/Hedge_fund" title="Hedge fund">hedge fund</a> industry".<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> According to UKIP's annual returns to the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_(United_Kingdom)" title="Electoral Commission (United Kingdom)">Electoral Commission</a>,<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> in 2013 the party had a total income of £2,479,314. Of this, £714,492 was from membership and subscriptions, £32,115 from fundraising activities and £1,361,640 from donations. By law, individual donations over £7,500 must be reported.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> UKIP has several high-profile backers. In March 2009, the Conservative Party's biggest-ever donor, Stuart Wheeler, donated £100,000 to UKIP after criticising Cameron's stance towards the Treaty of Lisbon. He was then expelled from the Conservatives and in 2011 appointed treasurer of UKIP.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> In October 2014, <a href="/wiki/Arron_Banks" title="Arron Banks">Arron Banks</a>, who previously gave £25,000 to the Conservatives, increased his UKIP donation from £100,000 to £1 million after Hague said he had never heard of him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015151–152-285">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-Halliday-286">[286]</a> The multi-millionaire <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sykes_(businessman)" title="Paul Sykes (businessman)">Paul Sykes</a> has helped finance the party, donating over £1 million to its 2014 campaign at the European Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201537-287">[287]</a> In December 2014, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Desmond" title="Richard Desmond">Richard Desmond</a>, proprietor of <a href="/wiki/Express_Newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="Express Newspapers">Express Newspapers</a>, donated £300,000 to UKIP.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016178-75">[75]</a> Desmond had previously made the UKIP peer <a href="/wiki/David_Stevens,_Baron_Stevens_of_Ludgate" title="David Stevens, Baron Stevens of Ludgate">David Stevens</a> his deputy chairman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016183-233">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-Halliday-286">[286]</a> The donation indicated that Desmond's papers, the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunday_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Express">Sunday Express</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daily_Star_(British_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Star (British newspaper)">Daily Star</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daily_Star_Sunday" title="Daily Star Sunday">Daily Star Sunday</a>, would back UKIP in the 2015 general election.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> Three weeks before the election, Desmond gave the party a further £1 million.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016178-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> In September 2016, the major UKIP donor, Arron Banks, said that UKIP would be "dead in the water" if <a href="/wiki/Diane_James" title="Diane James">Diane James</a> did not become leader.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> Following her departure after 18 days, Banks said that he would leave UKIP if <a href="/wiki/Steven_Woolfe" title="Steven Woolfe">Steven Woolfe</a> was prevented from running for leader, and if two other members remained in the party: "If <a href="/wiki/Neil_Hamilton_(politician)" title="Neil Hamilton (politician)">Neil Hamilton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Carswell" title="Douglas Carswell">Douglas Carswell</a> [UKIP's only MP] remain in the party, and the NEC decide that Steven Woolfe cannot run for leader, I will be leaving UKIP".<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Membership">Membership</h3></div> UKIP's membership numbers increased from 2002 to the time of the 2004 European Parliament election, before hovering around the 16,000 mark during the late 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-BBC3May13-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-brief-292">[292]</a> In 2004, the party claimed 20,000 members, with this remaining broadly stable, and in June 2007 it had a recorded 16,700 members.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbediLundberg200980-293">[293]</a> By July 2013, the figure had grown to 30,000<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> before ending the year at 32,447.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> In 2014, the number was 36,000 on 22 April,<a href="#cite_note-ExpressApril22-296">[296]</a> by 7 May reached 37,000<a href="#cite_note-ExpressMay7-297">[297]</a> and on 19 May, less than a fortnight later and only three days before the 2014 European Parliament election, rose to 38,000.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> In January 2015, UKIP membership was the fifth-highest of British parties.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_15_January_2015-299">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> Membership was 45,000 in May 2015, but since then has fallen to 32,757 in November 2016,<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> and as low as 18,000 under Henry Bolton by January 2018.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> In June 2018, four political activists known through social media – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Meechan" title="Mark Meechan">Mark Meechan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Benjamin" title="Carl Benjamin">Carl Benjamin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a> – joined the party. This was followed by the party gaining around 500 members.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> In July 2018, it was reported the party had attracted 3,200 new members, a 15% increase.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> The party's report to The Electoral Commission of its accounts as of 31 December 2020 stated the party had a membership of 3,888.<a href="#cite_note-31_December_2020_membership-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voter_base">Voter base</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> UKIP's voters are not single-issue Europhobes or political protesters, they share a clear and distinct agenda, mixing deep Euroscepticism with clear ideas about immigration, national identity and the way British society is changing. The conflict between UKIP's voters and the political mainstream reflects a deep-seated difference in outlook among voters from different walks in life. Those who lead and staff the three main parties are all from the highly educated, socially liberal middle classes, who are comfortable in an ethnically and culturally diverse, outward looking society... Those who lead and staff UKIP, and those who vote for them, are older, less educated, disadvantaged and economically insecure Britons, who are profoundly uncomfortable in the 'new' society, which they regard as alien and threatening. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Political scientists Robert Ford and Matthew Goodwin, 2014.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201411-305">[305]</a></cite> </div> In its early years, UKIP targeted itself towards southern English, middle-class Eurosceptic voters, those who had been supporters of the Conservative Party until <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a>'s Conservative government signed the Maastricht Treaty.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014108-306">[306]</a> This led to the widespread perception that UKIP's supporters were primarily middle-class ex-Conservative voters, with commentator <a href="/wiki/Peter_Oborne" title="Peter Oborne">Peter Oborne</a> characterising UKIP as "the Conservative Party in exile".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014145-307">[307]</a> After 2009, UKIP refocused its attention to appeal primarily to <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">white British</a>, working-class, blue-collar workers; those who had traditionally voted Labour or in some cases for Thatcher's Conservatives but who had ceased voting or begun to vote BNP since the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/New_Labour" title="New Labour">New Labour</a> project in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014108-306">[306]</a> In this way, UKIP's support base does not line up with the historical left-right divide in British politics, instead being primarily rooted in class divisions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014270-308">[308]</a> This mirrored the voting base of other radical right parties across Western Europe which had grown since the early 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014111–112-309">[309]</a> This scenario had come about following the rapid growth of the middle-classes and the concomitant decline of the working-class population in Western Europe; the centre-left, social-democratic parties who had traditionally courted the support of the working classes largely switched their attention to the newly emergent middle-classes, leaving their initial support base increasingly alienated and creating the vacuum which the radical right exploited.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014113–114-310">[310]</a> On the basis of their extensive study of data on the subject, in 2014 the political scientists <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Goodwin" title="Matthew Goodwin">Matthew Goodwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ford_(academic)" title="Robert Ford (academic)">Robert Ford</a> concluded that "UKIP's support has a very clear social profile, more so than any of the mainstream parties. Their electoral base is old, male, working class, white and less educated".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014159-311">[311]</a> They found that 57% of professed UKIP supporters were over the age of 54, while only one in 10 was under 35, which they attributed to the fact that UKIP's socially conservative and Eurosceptic platform appealed far more to Britain's older generations that their younger counterparts, who were more socially liberal and less antagonistic towards the EU.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014156–158-312">[312]</a> Males accounted for 57% of UKIP supporters, which Ford and Goodwin suggested was due to women voters being put off by a number of high-profile <a href="/wiki/Sexist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexist">sexist</a> remarks made by UKIP candidates.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014154–155-313">[313]</a> A vast majority of UKIP supporters, 99.6%, identified as white, reflecting the fact that ethnic minorities tended to avoid the party.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014158–159-314">[314]</a> Over half, or 55%, of UKIP supporters had left school aged 16 or under, with only 24% having attended university, suggesting that the party primarily appealed to the least educated voters in society.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014154-315">[315]</a> Ford and Goodwin also found that UKIP's support base was more working-class than that of any other party, with 42% of supporters in <a href="/wiki/Blue-collar" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue-collar">blue-collar</a> jobs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014152-316">[316]</a> Ford and Goodwin described UKIP's voters as primarily comprising the "left behind" sector of society, "older, less skilled and less well educated working-class voters" who felt disenfranchised from the mainstream political parties which had increasingly focused on attracting the support of middle-class <a href="/wiki/Swing_voters" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing voters">swing voters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201410-317">[317]</a> Ford and Goodwin nevertheless noted that UKIP was "not a purely blue-collar party but an alliance of manual workers, employers and the self-employed."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2016482-318">[318]</a> Geoffrey Evans and Jon Mellon highlighted that UKIP receive "a greater proportion of their support from lower professionals and managers" than from any other class group.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvansMellon2016474-319">[319]</a> They highlighted that polls repeatedly demonstrated that UKIP drew more votes from Conservative voters than Labour ones.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvansMellon2016464–465-320">[320]</a> They suggested that the assumption that working-class voters who supported UKIP had previously been Labour voters was misplaced,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvansMellon2016465-321">[321]</a> suggesting that these people had ceased voting for Labour "a long time before UKIP were an effective political presence", having been alienated by Labour's "pro-middle class, pro-EU and, as it eventually turned out, pro-immigration agenda".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvansMellon2016467-322">[322]</a> In 2011, Goodwin, Ford, and David Cutts published a study that identified Euroscepticism as the main causal factor for voters supporting UKIP, with concern over immigration levels and distrust of the political establishment also featuring as important motives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwinCutts2011204-323">[323]</a> They noted, however, that during elections for the European Parliament, UKIP was able to broaden its support to gain the vote of largely middle-class Eurosceptics who vote Conservative in other elections.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014231-324">[324]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Ukip has become more than the single issue on which it was founded: under Farage's leadership it has become a welcoming home for the many in British society who feel that 'the system' isn't working for them, or has left them behind, economically, socially or politically. In so doing, it has gained supporters from across the political spectrum, including many old Labour voters in economically distressed regions of the country. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Political scientist Simon Usherwood, 2016.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2016a29-102">[102]</a></cite> </div> From their analysis of the data, Ford and Goodwin stated that UKIP's support base has "strong parallels" both with that of western Europe's other radical right parties and with the BNP during their electoral heyday.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014273-325">[325]</a> Conversely, an earlier study by Richard Whitaker and Philip Lynch, based on polling data from <a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a>, concluded that UKIP voters were distinct from those of far-right parties. The authors found that voter support for UKIP correlated with concerns about the value of immigration and a lack of trust in the political system, but the biggest explanatory factor for their support of UKIP was Euroscepticism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitakerLynch2011359-326">[326]</a> A further study by the same authors suggests that UKIP voters' core beliefs align very closely to those of the UKIP candidates; particularly so on issues surrounding European integration, which has resulted in Conservative voters switching to UKIP due to Conservative divisions on this issue.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynchWhitakerLoomes2012-327">[327]</a> One study found that 63% of UKIP voters considered themselves to be right-wing, while 22% thought centrist and 16% thought leftist.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201592-328">[328]</a> 81% believed that immigration undermined British culture, a view shared by only half the wider British population.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201589–90-329">[329]</a> On economic issues, there was a divide between UKIP voters and the party itself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201593-330">[330]</a> In contrast to the party's economic liberalism, UKIP supporters often held more leftist attitudes to the economy, with almost 80% opining that <a href="/wiki/Big_business" title="Big business">big business</a> took advantage of working people and almost 70% thinking that privatisation had gone too far.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201594-331">[331]</a> UKIP has been most successful along England's eastern and southern coasts, in parts of south-west England, and in the Labour heartlands of Northern England and Wales.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201573-332">[332]</a> It has not done well in London and in <a href="/wiki/University_town" class="mw-redirect" title="University town">university towns</a> and urban areas with younger populations like Oxford, Cambridge, Manchester, and Brighton.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201573,_74–75-333">[333]</a> It has done well in areas with large numbers of old, white, and poorer people, and weaker in areas with larger numbers of younger, more ethnically and culturally diverse, and financially secure people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201573-332">[332]</a> Ford and Goodwin noted that UKIP "barely registers" with young Britons, graduates, ethnic minorities, and <a href="/wiki/Pro-EU" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-EU">pro-EU</a> voters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014256-334">[334]</a> According to an Opinium poll in December 2014 on the views of 17- to 22-year-olds, Farage was the least popular political leader. Only 3% of young people questioned said that they intended to vote for UKIP, compared with 19% among voters of all ages.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> The 17% who said they would vote outside the three main parties were four times more likely to vote for the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party</a> than for UKIP.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> Conversely, a March 2015 <a href="/wiki/Ipsos_Mori" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipsos Mori">Ipsos Mori</a> poll found among 18- to 34-year-olds UKIP was polling nearly as well as the Green Party, somewhat contradicting the idea that Farage lacked appeal for younger voters.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> On the basis of their fieldwork among supporters of the <a href="/wiki/English_Defence_League" title="English Defence League">English Defence League</a> (EDL), an anti-Islam social movement, Winlow, Hall, and Treadwell noted that most EDL supporters whom they encountered intended to vote for UKIP in the build-up to the 2015 general election.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinlowHallTreadwell201776-338">[338]</a> UKIP supporters are sometimes nicknamed "Kippers". In May 2017, in response to large defections from the party, Goodwin said "Former Kippers did not walk but literally sprinted over to the Conservatives."<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership">Leadership</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">Leader of the UK Independence Party</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent <a href="/wiki/Nick_Tenconi" title="Nick Tenconi">Nick Tenconi</a> (Interim) </div>since 16 June 2024</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Four years</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inaugural holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sked" title="Alan Sked">Alan Sked</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">3 September 1993</td></tr></tbody></table> According to Part VII of the UKIP constitution, the party leader is voted for by postal ballot by all paid-up party members "in good standing". The winner is the candidate with the <a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">simple majority</a> of votes cast. If there is only one valid candidate for the position, they are elected without the need for a ballot. While the default term length is four years, the leader can obtain an extension of up to a year if there is an imminent General or European Parliament election; this must be approved by at least two-thirds of the 12-person NEC. If at least nine NEC members endorse a <a href="/wiki/Vote_of_no_confidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote of no confidence">vote of no confidence</a> in the leader, an emergency general meeting (EGM) will be called. When the leadership becomes vacant unexpectedly, the NEC has 14 days to name an interim leader who exercises all leadership functions until the next leadership election. The leader has the power to name a Deputy Leader of their own choice and assign them whatever duty they choose.<a href="#cite_note-const-340">[340]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="width:20px;">Leader </th> <th style="width:130px;">Took office </th> <th style="width:130px;">Left office </th> <th style="width:200px;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sked" title="Alan Sked">Alan Sked</a></td> <td>3 September 1993</td> <td>July 1997</td> <td>Party founder; left party in 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Mackinlay" title="Craig Mackinlay">Craig Mackinlay</a> was acting leader during this interim </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Holmes_(politician)" title="Michael Holmes (politician)">Michael Holmes</a></td> <td>September 1997</td> <td>22 January 2000</td> <td>MEP 1999–2002; left party in 2000 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Titford" title="Jeffrey Titford">Jeffrey Titford</a></td> <td>22 January 2000</td> <td>5 October 2002</td> <td>MEP 1999–2009; left party in 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Roger_Knapman" title="Roger Knapman">Roger Knapman</a></td> <td>5 October 2002</td> <td>12 September 2006</td> <td>MEP 2004–2009 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2006_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2006 UK Independence Party leadership election">12 September 2006</a></td> <td>27 November 2009</td> <td>Former chairman; MEP 1999–2020; left party in 2018 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Pearson,_Baron_Pearson_of_Rannoch" title="Malcolm Pearson, Baron Pearson of Rannoch">The Lord Pearson of Rannoch</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2009 UK Independence Party leadership election">27 November 2009</a></td> <td>2 September 2010</td> <td>Member of House of Lords; left party in 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Titford" title="Jeffrey Titford">Jeffrey Titford</a> was acting leader during this interim </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">(5) </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2010 UK Independence Party leadership election">5 November 2010</a></td> <td>16 September 2016</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Diane_James" title="Diane James">Diane James</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/September_2016_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election">16 September 2016</a></td> <td>4 October 2016<a href="#cite_note-legalleader-343">[N 1]</a></td> <td>Leader-elect, MEP 2014–2019; left party in 2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> was acting leader during this interim </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/November_2016_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="November 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election">28 November 2016</a></td> <td>9 June 2017</td> <td>Deputy leader 2010–2016; MEP 2009–2019; left party in 2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Crowther" title="Steve Crowther">Steve Crowther</a> was acting leader during this interim </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">9 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bolton_(British_politician)" title="Henry Bolton (British politician)">Henry Bolton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2017_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 UK Independence Party leadership election">29 September 2017</a></td> <td>17 February 2018</td> <td>Left party in 2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Batten" title="Gerard Batten">Gerard Batten</a> was acting leader during this interim </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">10 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Batten" title="Gerard Batten">Gerard Batten</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2018_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2018 UK Independence Party leadership election">14 April 2018</a></td> <td>2 June 2019</td> <td>MEP 2004–2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Piers_Wauchope" title="Piers Wauchope">Piers Wauchope</a> was acting leader during this interim </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">11 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Braine_(politician)" title="Richard Braine (politician)">Richard Braine</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2019 UK Independence Party leadership election">10 August 2019</a></td> <td>30 October 2019</td> <td>Suspended from party in October 2019; subsequently resigned as leader </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Patricia Mountain">Patricia Mountain</a> was acting leader during this interim until 25 April 2020<a href="#cite_note-Patricia_Mountain-156">[156]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Leadership was vacant until 22 June 2020 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">12 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Freddy_Vachha" title="Freddy Vachha">Freddy Vachha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 UK Independence Party leadership election">22 June 2020</a></td> <td>12 September 2020</td> <td>Chairman of UKIP London, Leadership candidate in 2019. Suspended from party on 12 September 2020 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">13 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Neil_Hamilton_(politician)" title="Neil Hamilton (politician)">Neil Hamilton</a></td> <td>12 September 2020</td> <td>13 May 2024</td> <td>Initially served as interim leader;<a href="#cite_note-auto-344">[343]</a> substantiated on 19 October 2021<a href="#cite_note-hamilton-176">[176]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">14 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lois_Perry" title="Lois Perry">Lois Perry</a></td> <td>13 May 2024</td> <td>15 June 2024</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Nick_Tenconi" title="Nick Tenconi">Nick Tenconi</a> was interim leader during this period </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Timeline">Timeline</h4></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_3cqy59k5o5bb6azkfue81n1l779wsck"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Nick_Tenconi" coords="910,208,1018,228" title="Nick Tenconi" alt="Nick Tenconi" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Neil_Hamilton_(politician)" coords="895,185,1003,206" title="Neil Hamilton (politician)" alt="Neil Hamilton (politician)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Freddy_Vachha" coords="791,174,899,194" title="Freddy Vachha" alt="Freddy Vachha" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Patricia_Mountain" coords="780,162,911,183" title="Patricia Mountain" alt="Patricia Mountain" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Richard_Braine" coords="767,151,880,172" title="Richard Braine" alt="Richard Braine" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Piers_Wauchope" coords="760,140,874,160" title="Piers Wauchope" alt="Piers Wauchope" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Gerard_Batten" coords="755,128,863,149" title="Gerard Batten" alt="Gerard Batten" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Henry_Bolton" coords="719,117,821,137" title="Henry Bolton" alt="Henry Bolton" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Steve_Crowther" coords="708,105,822,126" title="Steve Crowther" alt="Steve Crowther" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" coords="699,94,802,115" title="Paul Nuttall" alt="Paul Nuttall" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Diane_James" coords="680,83,777,103" title="Diane James" alt="Diane James" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/The_Lord_Pearson_of_Rannoch" coords="508,71,694,92" title="The Lord Pearson of Rannoch" alt="The Lord Pearson of Rannoch" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" coords="684,60,787,81" title="Nigel Farage" alt="Nigel Farage" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Roger_Knapman" coords="396,49,504,69" title="Roger Knapman" alt="Roger Knapman" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Titford" coords="513,37,632,58" title="Jeffrey Titford" alt="Jeffrey Titford" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Michael_Holmes" coords="209,26,323,47" title="Michael Holmes" alt="Michael Holmes" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Craig_Mackinlay" coords="141,14,261,35" title="Craig Mackinlay" alt="Craig Mackinlay" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Alan_Sked" coords="136,3,222,24" title="Alan Sked" alt="Alan Sked" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_3cqy59k5o5bb6azkfue81n1l779wsck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/3cqy59k5o5bb6azkfue81n1l779wsck.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deputy_leadership">Deputy leadership</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="width:20px;">Deputy Leader </th> <th style="width:75px;">Tenure </th> <th style="width:150px;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Craig_Mackinlay" title="Craig Mackinlay">Craig Mackinlay</a></td> <td>1997–2000</td> <td>Left party in 2005 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Graham_Booth" title="Graham Booth">Graham Booth</a></td> <td>2000–02</td> <td>MEP 2002–2008; died 2011 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nattrass" title="Mike Nattrass">Mike Nattrass</a></td> <td>2002–06</td> <td>MEP 2004–2014; left party in 2013 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Campbell_Bannerman" title="David Campbell Bannerman">David Campbell Bannerman</a></td> <td>2006–10</td> <td>MEP since 2009; left party in 2011 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Monckton,_3rd_Viscount_Monckton_of_Brenchley" title="Christopher Monckton, 3rd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley">The Viscount Monckton of Brenchley</a></td> <td>Jun–Nov 2010</td> <td>Leader of UKIP in Scotland, 2013 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a></td> <td>2010–16</td> <td>MEP since 2009; left party in 2018 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Whittle_(politician)" title="Peter Whittle (politician)">Peter Whittle</a></td> <td>2016–17</td> <td>London AM since 2016; left party in 2018 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Margot_Parker" title="Margot Parker">Margot Parker</a></td> <td>2017–18</td> <td>MEP 2014–2019; left party in 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">9 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Mike_Hookem" title="Mike Hookem">Mike Hookem</a></td> <td>2018–19</td> <td>MEP 2014–2019 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">10 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Pat_Mountain_(politician)" title="Pat Mountain (politician)">Pat Mountain</a></td> <td>2020</td> <td>Interim Leader 2019, NEC Member </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">11 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Jane" title="Rebecca Jane">Rebecca Jane</a></td> <td>2022–2024<a href="#cite_note-345">[344]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">12 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nick_Tenconi" title="Nick Tenconi">Nick Tenconi</a></td> <td>May - June 2024</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_chairman">Party chairman</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="width:20px;">Chairman </th> <th style="width:75px;">Tenure </th> <th style="width:150px;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a></td> <td>1998–2000</td> <td>Later became Party Leader </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nattrass" title="Mike Nattrass">Mike Nattrass</a></td> <td>2000–02</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Lott" title="David Lott">David Lott</a></td> <td>2002–04</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Petrina_Holdsworth" title="Petrina Holdsworth">Petrina Holdsworth</a></td> <td>2004–05</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Campbell_Bannerman" title="David Campbell Bannerman">David Campbell Bannerman</a></td> <td>2005–06</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Whittaker_(UKIP_politician)" title="John Whittaker (UKIP politician)">John Whittaker</a></td> <td>2006–08</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a></td> <td>2008–2010</td> <td>Later became Party Leader </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Steve_Crowther" title="Steve Crowther">Steve Crowther</a></td> <td>2010–2016</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">9 </th> <td>Paul Oakden</td> <td>2016–18</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">10 </th> <td>Tony McIntyre</td> <td>2018</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">11 </th> <td>Kirstan Herriot</td> <td>2018–2019</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6D3177; color:white;">12 </th> <td>Ben Walker</td> <td>2020–</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regions">Regions</h3></div> UKIP's organisation is divided into 12 regions: London, South East, South West, Eastern, East Midlands, West Midlands, Yorkshire, North East, North West, Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland.<a href="#cite_note-346">[345]</a> An additional 13th branch operates in the <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>; it held its first public meeting at the Lord Nelson pub in April 2013.<a href="#cite_note-347">[346]</a> At the end of 2013, UKIP Scotland was dissolved after infighting tore the regional party apart; the party's administrative body was dissolved, Mike Scott-Hayward (the chairman and chief fundraiser) quit, and Farage fired Lord <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Monckton" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Monckton">(Christopher) Monckton</a> via email.<a href="#cite_note-wipeout-348">[347]</a> The national party and UKIP Scotland focused on supporting the candidates for the <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wipeout-348">[347]</a> After <a href="/wiki/David_Coburn_(politician)" title="David Coburn (politician)">David Coburn</a> won an MEP seat in Scotland in those elections, he was elected as leader of UKIP Scotland.<a href="#cite_note-349">[348]</a> Veteran and former long-serving Antrim and Newtownabbey-based councillor, Robert Hill was appointed by Gerard Batten as UKIP's Spokesman for Northern Ireland in May 2018.<a href="#cite_note-350">[349]</a> In August 2018, Welsh Assembly Member <a href="/wiki/Gareth_Bennett_(politician)" title="Gareth Bennett (politician)">Gareth Bennett</a> was elected as leader of UKIP in Wales after a membership ballot.<a href="#cite_note-351">[350]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Representatives">Representatives</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party_representation_and_election_results" title="UK Independence Party representation and election results">UK Independence Party representation and election results</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Commons">House of Commons</h3></div> <style 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.tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:365px;max-width:365px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_Carswell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Douglas_Carswell.jpg/150px-Douglas_Carswell.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Douglas_Carswell.jpg/225px-Douglas_Carswell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Douglas_Carswell.jpg/300px-Douglas_Carswell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1769" data-file-height="2459" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:209px;max-width:209px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Reckless_AM_(27889492560).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Mark_Reckless_AM_%2827889492560%29.jpg/207px-Mark_Reckless_AM_%2827889492560%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Mark_Reckless_AM_%2827889492560%29.jpg/311px-Mark_Reckless_AM_%2827889492560%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Mark_Reckless_AM_%2827889492560%29.jpg/414px-Mark_Reckless_AM_%2827889492560%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Carswell" title="Douglas Carswell">Douglas Carswell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Reckless" title="Mark Reckless">Mark Reckless</a>, UKIP's only elected MPs. The former represented UKIP from 2014 to 2017; the latter from 2014 to 2015.</div></div></div></div> In the UK, the <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post voting</a> system for electing MPs to the House of Commons was a significant barrier to UKIP, whose support was widely distributed across different areas rather than being strongly focused in particular constituencies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014220–21-352">[351]</a> Further, the system encouraged <a href="/wiki/Tactical_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactical voting">tactical voting</a>, with many UKIP supporters believing that a vote for the party would be a <a href="/wiki/Wasted_vote" title="Wasted vote">wasted vote</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014221-353">[352]</a> Recognising this, Farage believed that the best way to win a seat in the House of Commons was to win a <a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">by-election</a>, with UKIP contesting a number of these from 2010 onward.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014241–42-354">[353]</a> Over the next few years, it contested a number of by-elections around the country, coming second in both <a href="/wiki/2011_Barnsley_Central_by-election" title="2011 Barnsley Central by-election">Barnsley Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/2012_Rotherham_by-election" title="2012 Rotherham by-election">Rotherham</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014243,_246GoodwinMilazzo201536-355">[354]</a> In 2008, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Spink" title="Bob Spink">Bob Spink</a>, the MP for <a href="/wiki/Castle_Point_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Castle Point (UK Parliament constituency)">Castle Point</a>, resigned the Tory <a href="/wiki/Whip_(politics)" title="Whip (politics)">whip</a> (becoming an <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a>), but in April that year joined UKIP.<a href="#cite_note-356">[355]</a> However, in November he appeared again as an Independent in Commons proceedings,<a href="#cite_note-357">[356]</a> ultimately losing the seat to a Conservative in <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010</a>. In 2014, two Conservative MPs changed allegiance to UKIP and resigned their seats to fight by-elections for UKIP. <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Carswell" title="Douglas Carswell">Douglas Carswell</a> won the <a href="/wiki/2014_Clacton_by-election" title="2014 Clacton by-election">Clacton by-election</a> on 9 October, making him the first MP to be elected representing UKIP.<a href="#cite_note-358">[357]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Reckless" title="Mark Reckless">Mark Reckless</a> was also victorious in the Rochester and Strood by-election on 20 November.<a href="#cite_note-reckless-86">[86]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 general election</a>, Carswell kept his seat in Clacton but Reckless lost Rochester to the Conservative <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Tolhurst" title="Kelly Tolhurst">Kelly Tolhurst</a>.<a href="#cite_note-359">[358]</a> UKIP had 3,881,129 votes (12.6%) and was the third largest party on vote share, yet it won only one seat.<a href="#cite_note-360">[359]</a> Because of this, there were calls from some in UKIP for a voting reform in favour of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-361">[360]</a> Carswell quit the party in March 2017 to become an independent, leaving UKIP without any MPs in the Commons.<a href="#cite_note-bbc3-106">[106]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017 election</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Snap_election" title="Snap election">snap election</a> initiated by PM <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> and scheduled for 8 June 2017, UKIP got 1.9% of the votes (after 12.6% in the <a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 election</a>) and no seats in the House of Commons. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Lords">House of Lords</h3></div> On 24 June 1995, UKIP gained its first member of the House of Lords, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Norton,_8th_Baron_Grantley" title="Richard Norton, 8th Baron Grantley">Lord Grantley</a>, who had joined the party in 1993 from the Conservatives and had recently succeeded to his father's titles. However, with the coming <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_Act_1999" title="House of Lords Act 1999">House of Lords Act 1999</a>, he decided not to stand for election as a continuing member, and so left the House in November 1999. Earlier in 1999, UKIP had gained a second peer in the House of Lords, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Thomas_Orlando_Bridgeman,_7th_Earl_of_Bradford" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Thomas Orlando Bridgeman, 7th Earl of Bradford">The Earl of Bradford</a>, but he, too, left the House in November 1999 because of the House of Lords Act. <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Pearson,_Baron_Pearson_of_Rannoch" title="Malcolm Pearson, Baron Pearson of Rannoch">Lord Pearson of Rannoch</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Verney,_21st_Baron_Willoughby_de_Broke" title="David Verney, 21st Baron Willoughby de Broke">Lord Willoughby de Broke</a> both defected to UKIP in 2007,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynchWhitakerLoomes2012736-362">[361]</a> giving the party its first representation in the House of Lords since the departure of Lord Grantley and Lord Bradford.<a href="#cite_note-363">[362]</a> Lord Pearson went on to serve as party leader from November 2009 to September 2010. On 18 September 2012, <a href="/wiki/David_Stevens,_Baron_Stevens_of_Ludgate" title="David Stevens, Baron Stevens of Ludgate">Lord Stevens of Ludgate</a> joined UKIP, having sat as an Independent Conservative since his expulsion from the Conservatives in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-364">[363]</a> In Autumn 2018, Lord Willoughby de Broke left UKIP, reducing the party's representation in the upper house back down to two.<a href="#cite_note-365">[364]</a> Lord Stevens also left the party, in December 2018, leaving former leader Lord Pearson as UKIP's sole peer.<a href="#cite_note-366">[365]</a> In October 2019, Lord Pearson resigned his membership of the party. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Devolved_parliaments_and_assemblies">Devolved parliaments and assemblies</h3></div> UKIP competes electorally in all four parts of the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayton2016401-191">[191]</a> Northern Ireland In October 2012, UKIP gained its first representation in a devolved Assembly the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland Assembly</a> in <a href="/wiki/David_McNarry" title="David McNarry">David McNarry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (Northern Ireland)">MLA</a> for <a href="/wiki/Strangford_(Assembly_constituency)" title="Strangford (Assembly constituency)">Strangford</a>, who had left the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-367">[366]</a> The party however failed to continue its representation at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="2016 Northern Ireland Assembly election">2016 election</a>, coming within a hundred votes of taking a seat in <a href="/wiki/East_Antrim_(Assembly_constituency)" title="East Antrim (Assembly constituency)">East Antrim</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newsletter.co.uk-368">[367]</a> This seat was unsuccessfully contested in the <a href="/wiki/2017_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="2017 Northern Ireland Assembly election">2017 election</a>. Scotland UKIP's support has been particularly weak in Scotland, where it has no representatives in the devolved parliament.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014244-369">[368]</a> UKIP fielded candidates at the <a href="/wiki/2011_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2011 Scottish Parliament election">Scottish Parliament election on 5 May 2011</a>, when its platform included a commitment to keep the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh, while replacing the separately-elected <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Member of the Scottish Parliament">Members of the Scottish Parliament</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Grand_Committee" title="Scottish Grand Committee">Members of the House of Commons elected in Scotland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-370">[369]</a> The party fielded candidates on the regional lists in the <a href="/wiki/2016_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2016 Scottish Parliament election">2016 election</a> without any success.<a href="#cite_note-371">[370]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2021_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2021 Scottish Parliament election">2021 Scottish Parliament election</a> candidates were again fielded on regional lists.<a href="#cite_note-372">[371]</a> Wales The party also fielded candidates for the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_for_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly for Wales">Senedd</a>.<a href="#cite_note-373">[372]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2016_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="2016 National Assembly for Wales election">2016 election</a>, it entered the Assembly for the first time, winning seven of 60 seats.<a href="#cite_note-374">[373]</a> However, following the resignations of <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Jones_(politician)" title="Caroline Jones (politician)">Caroline Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Reckless" title="Mark Reckless">Mark Reckless</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Gill" title="Nathan Gill">Nathan Gill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Brown" title="Michelle Brown">Michelle Brown</a>, by March 2019 the party's representation had fallen to three AMs.<a href="#cite_note-Welsh3-375">[374]</a> UKIP ceased to have a formal Welsh Assembly group after <a href="/wiki/David_Rowlands_(Welsh_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Rowlands (Welsh politician)">David Rowlands</a> resigned in May 2019 to form a new Brexit Party group with Reckless, Jones and <a href="/wiki/Mandy_Jones_(politician)" title="Mandy Jones (politician)">Mandy Jones</a> (who had replaced Nathan Gill on his resignation as an AM).<a href="#cite_note-Welsh2-376">[375]</a> UKIP were left without any Senedd members after the <a href="/wiki/2021_Senedd_election" title="2021 Senedd election">2021 Senedd election</a><a href="#cite_note-377">[376]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_Independence_Party_offices_in_Tunbridge_Wells_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1731970.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/UK_Independence_Party_offices_in_Tunbridge_Wells_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1731970.jpg/220px-UK_Independence_Party_offices_in_Tunbridge_Wells_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1731970.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/UK_Independence_Party_offices_in_Tunbridge_Wells_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1731970.jpg/330px-UK_Independence_Party_offices_in_Tunbridge_Wells_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1731970.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/UK_Independence_Party_offices_in_Tunbridge_Wells_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1731970.jpg/440px-UK_Independence_Party_offices_in_Tunbridge_Wells_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1731970.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>UKIP office in <a href="/wiki/Royal_Tunbridge_Wells" title="Royal Tunbridge Wells">Tunbridge Wells</a></figcaption></figure> UKIP initially paid little attention to local government elections. However, this changed after Farage observed that building localised strongholds of support in various parts of the country had been the process by which the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> had entered the House of Commons, and that this was a strategy that could benefit UKIP.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014250-378">[377]</a> UKIP subsequently focused on the <a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2011 United Kingdom local elections">2011 local elections</a>, in which it fielded over 1,100 candidates, winning seven seats and becoming the main opposition in over 100.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014250–51-379">[378]</a> The first UKIP local council election win occurred when one of its members was elected to <a href="/wiki/South_Cambridgeshire_District_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="South Cambridgeshire District Council">South Cambridgeshire District Council</a> in 2000. A number of Conservative, Liberal Democrat, Labour and Independent local councillors in all four constituent nations of the UK defected to UKIP over subsequent years, with the most recent defections to date (May to July 2013) coming from former Conservative councillors in the London Boroughs of <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Merton" title="London Borough of Merton">Merton</a>, <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Richmond upon Thames</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Havering" title="London Borough of Havering">Havering</a>, and from Labour in <a href="/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton">Northampton</a> and <a href="/wiki/North-East_Lincolnshire" class="mw-redirect" title="North-East Lincolnshire">North-East Lincolnshire</a>. In May 2013, 33 English and one Welsh council held local elections, with UKIP gaining 139 seats for a total of 147, with significant gains in <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire_County_Council" title="Lincolnshire County Council">Lincolnshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_County_Council" title="Norfolk County Council">Norfolk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kent_County_Council" title="Kent County Council">Kent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-380">[379]</a> In the 2013 local elections, UKIP won 147 seats and established itself as the largest opposition party in six English county councils.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014253-381">[380]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/2013_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2013 United Kingdom local elections">2013</a> and <a href="/wiki/2014_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2014 United Kingdom local elections">2014</a> local elections, UKIP made significant gains to become the fourth largest party in terms of councillors in England, and fifth largest in the UK, with over 300 seats (out of about 21,000). In the <a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2015 United Kingdom local elections">2015 local elections</a>, UKIP took control of <a href="/wiki/Thanet_District_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanet District Council">Thanet District Council</a>, its first majority control of a council.<a href="#cite_note-Council-382">[381]</a> However, the party lost control later in the year after several of its councillors defected and it lost its majority. UKIP later took back control as a majority after winning the 2016 Northwood ward by-election, taking its number of councillors up to 29. In the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2016 United Kingdom local elections">2016 local elections</a>, UKIP won 58 council seats, an increase of 25.<a href="#cite_note-383">[382]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2017 United Kingdom local elections">2017 United Kingdom local elections</a>, UKIP lost all of the seats it was defending but gained one from Labour on <a href="/wiki/Lancashire_County_Council" title="Lancashire County Council">Lancashire County Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC050517-108">[108]</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2018_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2018 United Kingdom local elections">2018 United Kingdom local elections</a>, UKIP lost all but three of the 126 seats it was defending.<a href="#cite_note-384">[383]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2019 United Kingdom local elections">2019 United Kingdom local elections</a>, UKIP suffered severe losses, with its number of councillors collapsing by 145 to 31, in the districts where votes were held that year. Its worst result was in Thanet where it lost 33 councillors.<a href="#cite_note-BBC050519-385">[384]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2021 United Kingdom local elections">2021 United Kingdom local elections</a> the party's support fell away and all the 48 council seats in England the party were defending were lost. No seats were won in the <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Police_and_Crime_Commissioners" class="mw-redirect" title="Police and Crime Commissioners">Police and Crime Commissioners</a> or elections for mayors.<a href="#cite_note-386">[385]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2022_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2022 United Kingdom local elections">2022 local elections</a> saw the party lose all three seats it was defending from 2018.<a href="#cite_note-387">[386]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2023_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2023 United Kingdom local elections">2023 local elections</a>, the party lost all remaining representation at council level; only one incumbent councillor defended their seat,<a href="#cite_note-BBC2023-388">[387]</a> out of the six seats UKIP contested,<a href="#cite_note-389">[388]</a> and losing 25 councillors from 2019, the last time the seats were up for election.<a href="#cite_note-390">[389]</a> The party now only has elected representatives on parish and town councils, the lowest level of local government; party chairman Ben Walker said the party had "about 30 parish councillors".<a href="#cite_note-BBC2023-388">[387]</a> During the elections, Labour made significant inroads into Leave-voting areas that UKIP in which were formerly strongly competitive,<a href="#cite_note-391">[390]</a> and notably won overall control of <a href="/wiki/Thanet_District_Council_elections" title="Thanet District Council elections">Thanet District Council</a>,<a href="#cite_note-392">[391]</a> that UKIP either controlled or were the largest party on between 2015 and 2019. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament">European Parliament</h3></div> As a result of its hard Eurosceptic approach, UKIP does not recognise the legitimacy of the European Parliament, and under Sked's leadership refused to take any of the EP seats that it won.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2008257-393">[392]</a> This changed after 1997, when the party decided that its elected representatives would take such seats to publicise its anti-EU agenda.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2008257-393">[392]</a> As a result of the <a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1999 European parliament election</a>, three UKIP MEPs were elected to the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. Together with Eurosceptic parties from other nations, they formed a new <a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European parliamentary group</a> called <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Democracies_and_Diversities" title="Europe of Democracies and Diversities">Europe of Democracies and Diversities</a> (EDD).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhinnemoreMcGowan2013276-394">[393]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolas_Dupont_Aignan_et_Nigel_Farage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Nicolas_Dupont_Aignan_et_Nigel_Farage.jpg/220px-Nicolas_Dupont_Aignan_et_Nigel_Farage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Nicolas_Dupont_Aignan_et_Nigel_Farage.jpg/330px-Nicolas_Dupont_Aignan_et_Nigel_Farage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Nicolas_Dupont_Aignan_et_Nigel_Farage.jpg/440px-Nicolas_Dupont_Aignan_et_Nigel_Farage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Farage with <a href="/wiki/France_Arise" class="mw-redirect" title="France Arise">France Arise</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Dupont-Aignan" title="Nicolas Dupont-Aignan">Nicolas Dupont-Aignan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, February 2013</figcaption></figure> Following the <a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2004 European parliament election</a>, 37 <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEPs</a> from the UK, <a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Poland" title="2004 European Parliament election in Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="2004 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2004 European Parliament election in Sweden">Sweden</a> founded a new European Parliamentary group called <a href="/wiki/Independence_and_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence and Democracy">Independence and Democracy</a> as a direct successor to the EDD group.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhinnemoreMcGowan2013276Thorlakson201372-395">[394]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2009 European parliament election</a>, UKIP was a founder member of a new right-wing grouping called <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Democracy">Europe of Freedom and Democracy</a> (EFD) comprising Eurosceptic, radical right, nationalist, national-conservative and other political factions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynchWhitakerLoomes2012739Considère-Charon2010158Staab201167-396">[395]</a> This group was more right-wing than the previous term's Independence and Democracy group.<a href="#cite_note-397">[396]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014 European parliament election</a>, the EFD group was reconstituted as the <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy</a> (EFDD or EFD2) group on 24 June 2014, with a significant changes to group composition, including the <a href="/wiki/Five_Star_Movement" title="Five Star Movement">Five Star Movement</a> of Italy, a total of 48 members.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015116–118-398">[397]</a><a href="#cite_note-399">[398]</a> The EFDD group lost official status in October 2014 when the defection of the Latvian MEP <a href="/wiki/Iveta_Grigule" class="mw-redirect" title="Iveta Grigule">Iveta Grigule</a> meant its membership no longer met the required number of states for Parliamentary groups (at least seven different member states).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015118-400">[399]</a><a href="#cite_note-401">[400]</a> On 20 October, the EFDD announced it had restored the requisite seven state diversity by recruiting <a href="/wiki/Robert_Iwaszkiewicz" title="Robert Iwaszkiewicz">Robert Iwaszkiewicz</a>, one of four representatives of the far-right Polish party <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_New_Right" title="Congress of the New Right">Congress of the New Right</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015118-400">[399]</a><a href="#cite_note-402">[401]</a> In December 2014 UKIP co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Direct_Democracy_in_Europe" title="Alliance for Direct Democracy in Europe">Alliance for Direct Democracy in Europe</a>, a <a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European political party</a> whose membership is composed of several member parties of the EFDD parliamentary group.<a href="#cite_note-403">[402]</a> In the 2009–14 parliament, UKIP ranked 76th out of 76 for attendance, took part in 61% of votes, and had three of the six lowest attending MEPs,<a href="#cite_note-404">[403]</a> which led to criticism from other parties and ex-UKIP MEPs that low participation may damage British interests.<a href="#cite_note-times14-405">[404]</a> Between July 2014 and May 2015, its 23 MEPs maintained their record as the least active, participating on average in only 62.29% of votes.<a href="#cite_note-406">[405]</a> In response to criticism of low participation by UKIP MEPs in the EU Parliament, Farage has said that "Our objective as MEPs is not to keep voting endlessly for more EU legislation and to take power away from Westminster."<a href="#cite_note-407">[406]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Members_of_the_European_Parliament">Members of the European Parliament</h4></div> UKIP had no members in the European Parliament following the 2019 EU election. Twenty-four UKIP representatives were elected in the 2014 election, but twenty subsequently defected, one was expelled<a href="#cite_note-408">[407]</a> and three lost their seats in the 2019 election.<a href="#cite_note-409">[408]</a> For a full list of defections see <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_politicians_who_have_crossed_the_floor#Members_of_the_European_Parliament_who_have_changed_party_affiliation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of British politicians who have crossed the floor">here</a>. <a href="/wiki/James_Carver" title="James Carver">James Carver</a> left UKIP to sit as an independent on 28 May 2018.<a href="#cite_note-410">[409]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_10th_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 10th Earl of Dartmouth">William Dartmouth</a> left the party on 26 September 2018 to sit as an independent, accusing Batten of "hijacking the party to campaign against Islam as a religion" and associating himself with "outlandish people and extreme right-wing groups".<a href="#cite_note-411">[410]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Etheridge" title="Bill Etheridge">Bill Etheridge</a> followed shortly afterwards, on 2 October 2018, saying that the party under Batten's leadership "is seen by voters as a vehicle of hate towards Muslims and the gay community".<a href="#cite_note-412">[411]</a> In November 2018, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Flynn" title="Patrick O'Flynn">Patrick O'Flynn</a> resigned to join the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1990%E2%80%93present)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)">Social Democratic Party</a> in protest over UKIP's move to the "hard right",<a href="#cite_note-413">[412]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louise_Bours" title="Louise Bours">Louise Bours</a> became an independent MEP.<a href="#cite_note-414">[413]</a> Former leader Nigel Farage quit on 6 December 2018,<a href="#cite_note-415">[414]</a> as did Scottish MEP David Coburn.<a href="#cite_note-416">[415]</a> Another former leader, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a>, quit the party the following day, as did <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a> Member <a href="/wiki/Peter_Whittle_(politician)" title="Peter Whittle (politician)">Peter Whittle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-417">[416]</a> It was reported that <a href="/wiki/Tim_Aker" title="Tim Aker">Tim Aker</a> had also quietly quit the party earlier in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-418">[417]</a> <a href="/wiki/Julia_Reid" title="Julia Reid">Julia Reid</a> announced her resignation from UKIP on 8 December 2018,<a href="#cite_note-419">[418]</a> with <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bullock" title="Jonathan Bullock">Jonathan Bullock</a> following the next day.<a href="#cite_note-420">[419]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jill_Seymour" title="Jill Seymour">Jill Seymour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Collins" title="Jane Collins">Jane Collins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margot_Parker" title="Margot Parker">Margot Parker</a> left for the Brexit Party on 15 April 2019, with the first of those three citing the party's current direction and occupation of 'the extreme right of politics'<a href="#cite_note-421">[420]</a> and the second citing Batten's 'sick' defence of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Benjamin#Rape_comments" title="Carl Benjamin">Carl Benjamin's rape comments</a>.<a href="#cite_note-422">[421]</a> On 17 April, Jonathan Arnott and Ray Finch both defected to The Brexit Party and, along with Seymour, Collins and Parker, sat in the EFDD group.<a href="#cite_note-europarlEFDD-423">[422]</a> As of April 2019, Batten and Agnew were members of the <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom" title="Europe of Nations and Freedom">Europe of Nations and Freedom</a> group in the European Parliament<a href="#cite_note-424">[423]</a> while Hookem was <a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrit">Non-Inscrit</a> (unattached). All lost their seats in the European Parliament in June 2019. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party_representation_and_election_results" title="UK Independence Party representation and election results">UK Independence Party representation and election results</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament_elections">European Parliament elections</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election year </th> <th>Leader </th> <th># of total votes </th> <th>% of overall vote </th> <th># of seats won </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1994 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1994</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sked" title="Alan Sked">Alan Sked</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">150,251 #8th <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.0% <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 87<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6D3177; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">No seats </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1999</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Titford" title="Jeffrey Titford">Jeffrey Titford</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">696,057 #4th <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6.5% <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;">3 / 87<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6D3177; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2004</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Roger_Knapman" title="Roger Knapman">Roger Knapman</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2,650,768 #3rd <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">15.6% <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;">12 / 87<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6D3177; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2009</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2,498,226 #2nd <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">16% <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;">13 / 87<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6D3177; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4,352,251 #1st <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">27.5% <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;">24 / 87<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6D3177; width: 28%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2019</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Batten" title="Gerard Batten">Gerard Batten</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">554,463 #8th <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.2% <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 87<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6D3177; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">No seats </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_elections">General elections</h3></div> During the 2010–15 Parliament, two Conservative MPs defected to UKIP and were re-elected in subsequent by-elections. At the 2015 general election, UKIP retained one of these seats (<a href="/wiki/Clacton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Clacton (UK Parliament constituency)">Clacton</a>) and received over 30% of the vote in <a href="/wiki/Boston_and_Skegness_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Boston and Skegness (UK Parliament constituency)">Boston and Skegness</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Thanet_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="South Thanet (UK Parliament constituency)">South Thanet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heywood_and_Middleton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heywood and Middleton (UK Parliament constituency)">Heywood and Middleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thurrock_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Thurrock (UK Parliament constituency)">Thurrock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rochester_and_Strood_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Rochester and Strood (UK Parliament constituency)">Rochester and Strood</a>. It lost its only seat in the 2017 election, when Clacton was regained by the Conservatives. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election year </th> <th>Leader </th> <th># of total votes </th> <th>% of overall vote </th> <th># of seats won </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1997 United Kingdom general election">1997</a><a href="#cite_note-425">[424]</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sked" title="Alan Sked">Alan Sked</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">105,722 <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.3% <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 659<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6D3177; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">No seats </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2001 United Kingdom general election">2001</a><a href="#cite_note-426">[425]</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Titford" title="Jeffrey Titford">Jeffrey Titford</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">390,563 <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.5% <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 659<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6D3177; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">No seats </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">2005</a><a href="#cite_note-427">[426]</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Roger_Knapman" title="Roger Knapman">Roger Knapman</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">603,298 <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2.2% <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 646<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6D3177; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">No seats </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010</a><a href="#cite_note-428">[427]</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Pearson,_Baron_Pearson_of_Rannoch" title="Malcolm Pearson, Baron Pearson of Rannoch">Lord Pearson</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">919,546 <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.1% <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 650<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6D3177; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">No seats </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015</a><a href="#cite_note-429">[428]</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3,881,099 <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12.6% <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;">1 / 650<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6D3177; width: 0.2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017</a><a href="#cite_note-430">[429]</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">593,852 <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.8% <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 650<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6D3177; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">No seats </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Patricia Mountain">Patricia Mountain</a> (interim leader)<a href="#cite_note-Patricia_Mountain-156">[156]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">22,817 <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.1% <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 650<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6D3177; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">No seats </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024</a> </th> <td>Nick Tenconi (interim leader)<a href="#cite_note-auto1-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-431">[430]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6,530 <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.01% <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 650<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6D3177; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">No seats </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_political_groups">Other political groups</h3></div> In campaigning on emotive issues, UKIP has proved divisive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015xiii-432">[431]</a> Popular stereotypes have framed it as a far-right party,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201592-328">[328]</a> and portrayed its activists as old white men holding offensive views.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015111-433">[432]</a> The party has faced vocal opposition from <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-fascist">anti-fascist</a> groups such as <a href="/wiki/Hope_not_Hate" title="Hope not Hate">Hope not Hate</a>, who have accused it of tapping into nationalist and xenophobic sentiment in its campaigns.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014147-434">[433]</a> Writing for <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wheatcroft" title="Geoffrey Wheatcroft">Geoffrey Wheatcroft</a> noted that there had been "a concerted campaign to brand UKIP as racist, an accusation that some of its own activists have done nothing to discourage."<a href="#cite_note-435">[434]</a> Goodwin and <a href="/wiki/Caitlin_Milazzo" title="Caitlin Milazzo">Caitlin Milazzo</a> highlighted that Farage had been "routinely ridiculed and dismissed", at best being portrayed as "a beer-swilling populist who wanted to drag Britain back to the 1950s" while at worst depicted as "a racist... would-be demagogue" who secretly wanted to overthrow the UK's liberal <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary democracy">parliamentary democracy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo20153-436">[435]</a> For many years, mainstream political figures derided or demeaned the importance of UKIP, although this did little to obstruct its electoral advances.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016172-437">[436]</a> By 2014, at which point UKIP was securing significant electoral support in the European Parliamentary elections, the main parties began to take it more seriously and devoted more time to countering the electoral threat it posed to them, in turn drawing more journalistic attention to the party.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016177-438">[437]</a> This increased attention gave the party the "oxygen of publicity" which helped bring the party to the attention of previously inattentive voters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarkeWhiteleyBorgesSanders2016144-439">[438]</a> Many on Britain's centre-left have been reluctant to accept that UKIP was hindering public support for Labour, instead believing that they were primarily a problem for the Conservatives and would thus help produce a Labour victory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwin201515-440">[439]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201562-441">[440]</a> Labour found that their campaign strategy of accusing UKIP of racism backfired, as rather than distancing UKIP supporters from the party it contributed to the perception that Labour failed to understand widespread concerns regarding immigration.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201543–44-442">[441]</a> A December 2014 poll by <a href="/wiki/ComRes" class="mw-redirect" title="ComRes">ComRes</a> found that voters saw UKIP as closer to the centre-ground of politics than the Conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-443">[442]</a> The <a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a> blamed UKIP for its decline, accusing the latter of stealing BNP policies and slogans.<a href="#cite_note-444">[443]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_and_academia">Media and academia</h3></div> The British press have publicised statements made by UKIP activists and candidates which have been regarded as racist, sexist or otherwise bigoted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014282–83GoodwinMilazzo201546–47-445">[444]</a> Among the examples of UKIP representatives and supporters embarrassing the party have been an MEP who called for a ban on the construction of <a href="/wiki/Mosques" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosques">mosques</a> and for all British Muslims to sign a code of conduct, a councillor who suggested that shops should be allowed to refuse service to women and homosexuals, and a council candidate who compared Islam to <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> and told black comedian <a href="/wiki/Lenny_Henry" title="Lenny Henry">Lenny Henry</a> to leave Britain after the latter called for greater ethnic diversity within the UK's creative industries.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201548-446">[445]</a> In 2015, a documentary called Meet the Ukippers filmed activists making racist statements; one said "the only people I do have a problem with are negroes".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015231-231">[231]</a> For many years such individuals were internally tolerated within the party, although as part of Farage's push to professionalise the party a number of its members, such as MEP <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Bloom" title="Godfrey Bloom">Godfrey Bloom</a>, were expelled for making comments that brought UKIP into disrepute.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016173–74-447">[446]</a> In 2018, Jo Marney—who was then the girlfriend of the party leader Henry Bolton—was suspended from UKIP after it was revealed that she had sent texts stating that black Africans were "ugly". In these messages, she had criticised <a href="/wiki/Meghan_Markle" class="mw-redirect" title="Meghan Markle">Meghan Markle</a> for marrying into the <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">British royal family</a>, stating that Markle was "a dumb little commoner" and "a black American. Pushing their way to the top slowly. Next will be a Muslim PM and a black king."<a href="#cite_note-448">[447]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nigel_Farage_talking_to_the_media.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Nigel_Farage_talking_to_the_media.jpg/220px-Nigel_Farage_talking_to_the_media.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Nigel_Farage_talking_to_the_media.jpg/330px-Nigel_Farage_talking_to_the_media.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Nigel_Farage_talking_to_the_media.jpg/440px-Nigel_Farage_talking_to_the_media.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Farage talking to the media in 2012</figcaption></figure> In a May 2014 <a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a> survey, 47% considered the media to be biased against UKIP, which was double the percentage who deemed the media biased against any other party.<a href="#cite_note-449">[448]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201548-446">[445]</a> The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> received almost 1,200 complaints about its coverage of the 2014 European and local elections; 149 claimed that the BBC were biased against UKIP, while the rest claimed that it gave disproportionate attention to the party. The BBC defended its coverage.<a href="#cite_note-450">[449]</a> Farage accused the BBC of a "liberal bias", particularly on issues of immigration, the EU, and climate change.<a href="#cite_note-451">[450]</a> David Deacon and Dominic Wring's examination of press coverage of UKIP during their 2014 campaign demonstrated that of the elite newspapers, the pro-EU titles The Guardian and <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a> gave the most coverage to perceived racist and intolerant aspects of the party, while the Eurosceptic titles <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a> instead focused on questioning the propriety and integrity of UKIP representatives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016180-452">[451]</a> Among the populist tabloids, <a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)" title="The Sun (United Kingdom)">The Sun</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sun_on_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun on Sunday">Sun on Sunday</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sunday_Mirror" title="Sunday Mirror">Sunday Mirror</a> were found to contain the most negative coverage of UKIP, while the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunday_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Express">Sunday Express</a>—owned by UKIP donor Richard Desmond—gave significantly lower coverage to the gaffes and prejudices of UKIP representatives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016180-452">[451]</a> Deacon and Wring noted that the majority of those right-wing newspapers that share UKIP's views on immigration also share the perspective of more liberal newspapers that many of UKIP's interventions are racist.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016182-453">[452]</a> This right-wing press opposition to UKIP may result from the allegiance that these newspapers have to the Conservatives, and resulting perception of UKIP as an electoral threat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016182-453">[452]</a> Academic research has been carried out into UKIP. In 2016, it was noted that most of this had focused on examining the party's electoral support base, its consequences for other parties, and the possibilities and prospects of a referendum on continued EU membership, with little having focused on an examination of the party's policies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReed2016226-454">[453]</a> Two currents have emerged among those seeking to interpret UKIP: the first, and generally older, current views them as a manifestation of Britain's strong Eurosceptic movement, while the second seeks to explain their position in the British parliamentary system while drawing upon the comparative literature on right-wing populist parties elsewhere in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDye20153–4-455">[454]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom">Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_Brexit_referendum" title="Russian interference in the 2016 Brexit referendum">Russian interference in the 2016 Brexit referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_in_United_Kingdom_political_history" title="2010s in United Kingdom political history">2010s in United Kingdom political history</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-legalleader-343"><a href="#cite_ref-legalleader_343-0">^</a> Diane James won the <a href="/wiki/September_2016_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election">September 2016 leadership election</a> but resigned 18 days later, prior to taking office. As the relevant paperwork required by the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_(United_Kingdom)" title="Electoral Commission (United Kingdom)">Electoral Commission</a> was not processed before her resignation due to her writing <a href="/wiki/Vi_coactus" title="Vi coactus">vi coactus</a> after her signature on the paperwork,<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> legally Farage remained the leader of UKIP during James's tenure.<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> Farage continued to act as interim leader of UKIP until the <a href="/wiki/November_2016_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="November 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election">November 2016</a> election. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto1-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukip.org/party-leadership-update">"Party Leadership Update"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+Ukip+membership+surge+shifts+party+to+far+right&rft.date=2019-03-03&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Halliday%2C+Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fmar%2F03%2Fnew-ukip-members-shifting-party-far-right&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodwin2019" class="citation news cs1">Goodwin, Matthew (3 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/angry-brexiteers-are-splitting-into-factions-as-ukip-is-taken-over-by-far-right-extremists-6xhnkhcct">"Angry Brexiteers are splitting into factions as Ukip is taken over by far-right extremists"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321175744/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/angry-brexiteers-are-splitting-into-factions-as-ukip-is-taken-over-by-far-right-extremists-6xhnkhcct">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Angry+Brexiteers+are+splitting+into+factions+as+Ukip+is+taken+over+by+far-right+extremists&rft.date=2019-02-03&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fangry-brexiteers-are-splitting-into-factions-as-ukip-is-taken-over-by-far-right-extremists-6xhnkhcct&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2008256AbediLundberg200978FordGoodwin201421Tournier-Sol2015142-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2008256AbediLundberg200978FordGoodwin201421Tournier-Sol2015142_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUsherwood2008">Usherwood 2008</a>, p. 256; <a href="#CITEREFAbediLundberg2009">Abedi & Lundberg 2009</a>, p. 78; <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 21; <a href="#CITEREFTournier-Sol2015">Tournier-Sol 2015</a>, p. 142. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201421-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201421_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201422-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201422_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201422,_24-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201422,_24_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 22, 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC3May13-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC3May13_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC3May13_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunt2014" class="citation news cs1">Hunt, Alex (10 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-21614073">"UKIP: The story of the UK Independence Party's rise"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161212042321/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-21614073">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UKIP%3A+The+story+of+the+UK+Independence+Party%27s+rise&rft.date=2014-10-10&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-21614073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201424–25-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201424–25_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 24–25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin20143-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin20143_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201426–27-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201426–27_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 26–27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201430-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201430_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201430_23-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201432–33Etheridge201411-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201432–33Etheridge201411_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 32–33; <a href="#CITEREFEtheridge2014">Etheridge 2014</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201432–33-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201432–33_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 32–33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201436–37-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201436–37_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201436–37_26-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 36–37. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2005" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nick_Cohen" title="Nick Cohen">Cohen, Nick</a> (6 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/feb/06/otherparties.politicalcolumnists">"No truth behind Veritas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216062723/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/feb/06/otherparties.politicalcolumnists">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=No+truth+behind+Veritas&rft.date=2005-02-06&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2005%2Ffeb%2F06%2Fotherparties.politicalcolumnists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201433–34-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201433–34_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 33–34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201435,_37Etheridge201411–12-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201435,_37Etheridge201411–12_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 35, 37; <a href="#CITEREFEtheridge2014">Etheridge 2014</a>, pp. 11–12. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/684384.stm">"Former UKIP leader quits party"</a>. BBC News. 21 March 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160920061015/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/684384.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Former+UKIP+leader+quits+party&rft.date=2000-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F684384.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201438–41-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201438–41_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 38–41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201442-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201442_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201443–44-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201443–44_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 43–44. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEtheridge201413–14-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEtheridge201413–14_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEtheridge2014">Etheridge 2014</a>, pp. 13–14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbediLundberg200980FordGoodwin20144,_44–46,_48-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbediLundberg200980FordGoodwin20144,_44–46,_48_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAbediLundberg2009">Abedi & Lundberg 2009</a>, p. 80; <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 4, 44–46, 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201449–52-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201449–52_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 49–52. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1473236/Kilroy-Silk-wants-UKIP-leadership.html">"Kilroy-Silk wants UKIP leadership"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. 3 October 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141019195240/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1473236/Kilroy-Silk-wants-UKIP-leadership.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Kilroy-Silk+wants+UKIP+leadership&rft.date=2004-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F1473236%2FKilroy-Silk-wants-UKIP-leadership.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3958273.stm">"Kilroy quits UKIP group of MEPs"</a>. BBC News. 27 October 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090111163420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3958273.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2009. Retrieved 19 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kilroy+quits+UKIP+group+of+MEPs&rft.date=2004-10-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F3958273.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTempest2004" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Tempest" title="Matthew Tempest">Tempest, Matthew</a> (27 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2004/oct/27/otherparties.uk">"Kilroy resigns Ukip whip"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226072558/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2004/oct/27/otherparties.uk">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Kilroy+resigns+Ukip+whip&rft.date=2004-10-27&rft.aulast=Tempest&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2004%2Foct%2F27%2Fotherparties.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbediLundberg200973FordGoodwin201466-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbediLundberg200973FordGoodwin201466_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAbediLundberg2009">Abedi & Lundberg 2009</a>, p. 73; <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 66. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201462-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201462_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 62. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin20145–6,_65-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin20145–6,_65_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 5–6, 65. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDriver2011148FordGoodwin20147–8,_66–70-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDriver2011148FordGoodwin20147–8,_66–70_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDriver2011">Driver 2011</a>, p. 148; <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 7–8, 66–70. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201473–75-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201473–75_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 73–75. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2008256FordGoodwin201471-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUsherwood2008256FordGoodwin201471_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUsherwood2008">Usherwood 2008</a>, p. 256; <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinlowHallTreadwell201741-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinlowHallTreadwell201741_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWinlowHallTreadwell2017">Winlow, Hall & Treadwell 2017</a>, p. 41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynchWhitakerLoomes2012736FordGoodwin201472-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynchWhitakerLoomes2012736FordGoodwin201472_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLynchWhitakerLoomes2012">Lynch, Whitaker & Loomes 2012</a>, p. 736; <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 72. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201470–71GoodwinMilazzo201522-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201470–71GoodwinMilazzo201522_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 70–71; <a href="#CITEREFGoodwinMilazzo2015">Goodwin & Milazzo 2015</a>, p. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201563-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201563_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoodwinMilazzo2015">Goodwin & Milazzo 2015</a>, p. 63. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDriver2011148FordGoodwin201471Etheridge201415GoodwinMilazzo20154–5-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDriver2011148FordGoodwin201471Etheridge201415GoodwinMilazzo20154–5_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDriver2011">Driver 2011</a>, p. 148; <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 71; <a href="#CITEREFEtheridge2014">Etheridge 2014</a>, p. 15; <a href="#CITEREFGoodwinMilazzo2015">Goodwin & Milazzo 2015</a>, pp. 4–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoates2009" class="citation news cs1">Coates, Sam (29 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/tory-donor-stuart-wheeler-faces-expulsion-over-ukip-support-xt9mtkxvbpf">"Tory donor Stuart Wheeler faces expulsion over UKIP support"</a>. 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BBC News. 5 November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101105044448/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-11700220">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2010. 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BBC News. 8 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150508003727/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-32633719">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nigel+Farage+resigns+as+UKIP+leader+as+the+party+vote+rises&rft.date=2015-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-32633719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015257–258-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015257–258_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoodwinMilazzo2015">Goodwin & Milazzo 2015</a>, pp. 257–258. </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarage2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Farage, Nigel</a> (15 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/nigel-farage/11467045/Nigel-Farage-If-I-lose-in-South-Thanet-its-curtains-for-me-I-will-have-to-quit-as-Ukip-leader.html">"Nigel Farage: If I lose in South Thanet, it's curtains for me: I will have to quit as Ukip leader"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518155245/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/nigel-farage/11467045/Nigel-Farage-If-I-lose-in-South-Thanet-its-curtains-for-me-I-will-have-to-quit-as-Ukip-leader.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2015. 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BBC News. 14 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151013133517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-32734220">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2015. 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BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160509171751/http://www.bbc.com/news/election-2016-wales-36207410">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Welsh+Election+2016%3A+Labour+just+short+as+UKIP+wins+seats&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Felection-2016-wales-36207410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeeney2015" class="citation news cs1">Feeney, David (9 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/may/09/ukip-wins-control-of-its-first-uk-council">"Ukip wins control of its first UK council"</a>. The Guardian. 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BBC News. 16 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160916150548/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-37387162">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Diane+James+becomes+UKIP+leader&rft.date=2016-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-37387162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-37558485">"UKIP leader Diane James standing down"</a>. BBC News. 4 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161004221034/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-37558485">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UKIP+leader+Diane+James+standing+down&rft.date=2016-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-37558485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-38125432">"Paul Nuttall elected as UKIP leader"</a>. 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BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406135159/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-politics-39513743">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 6 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UKIP%27s+Mark+Reckless+to+join+Conservatives+in+assembly&rft.date=2017-04-06&rft.aulast=Servini&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-wales-politics-39513743&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itv.com/news/2017-04-06/tory-defector-mark-reckless-quits-ukip-to-join-conservatives/">"Mark Reckless quits Ukip to rejoin Conservatives"</a>. ITV News. 6 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406210454/http://www.itv.com/news/2017-04-06/tory-defector-mark-reckless-quits-ukip-to-join-conservatives/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2017. 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BBC News. 5 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170505084441/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-39815444">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Local+elections%3A+UKIP+suffers+big+losses+across+England&rft.date=2017-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-39815444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> Christopher Hope, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/05/ukip-finished-electoral-force-says-biggest-donor-arron-banks/">"Ukip is 'finished as an electoral force' says biggest donor Arron Banks after local election wipeout"</a>, The Daily Telegraph, 5 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170508140717/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/05/ukip-finished-electoral-force-says-biggest-donor-arron-banks/">Archived</a> 8 May 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Douglas Carswell, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/may/05/ukip-finished-i-am-elated-theresa-may-anti-establishment-candidate">"Ukip, my old party, is finished. And I'm elated about it"</a>, The Guardian, 5 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170622212137/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/may/05/ukip-finished-i-am-elated-theresa-may-anti-establishment-candidate">Archived</a> 22 June 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElgotWalkerHalliday2017" class="citation news cs1">Elgot, Jessica; Walker, Peter; Halliday, Josh (9 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/jun/09/paul-nuttall-stands-down-as-ukip-leader-after-disastrous-election-result">"Paul Nuttall stands down as Ukip leader after disastrous election result"</a>. 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Retrieved 15 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Paul+Nuttall+stands+down+as+Ukip+leader+after+disastrous+election+result&rft.date=2017-06-09&rft.aulast=Elgot&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft.au=Walker%2C+Peter&rft.au=Halliday%2C+Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2017%2Fjun%2F09%2Fpaul-nuttall-stands-down-as-ukip-leader-after-disastrous-election-result&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDa_Silva2017" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Da_Silva" title="Chantal Da Silva">Da Silva, Chantal</a> (24 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/ukip-loses-control-final-council-majority-nigel-farage-paul-nuttall-peter-whittle-anne-marie-waters-a7856606.html">"Ukip just lost control of its last council"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816065108/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/ukip-loses-control-final-council-majority-nigel-farage-paul-nuttall-peter-whittle-anne-marie-waters-a7856606.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2017. 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Retrieved 15 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Herald&rft.atitle=All+three+of+Plymouth%27s+Ukip+councillors+have+just+quit+the+party&rft.date=2017-09-10&rft.aulast=O%27Leary&rft.aufirst=Miles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.plymouthherald.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fplymouth-news%2Fthree-plymouths-ukip-councillors-just-454040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> Alexandra Phillips, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.conservativehome.com/platform/2016/09/alexandra-phillips-why-i-left-ukip-and-joined-mays-conservative-party.html">Alexandra Phillips: Why I left UKIP and joined May's Conservative Party</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190828044117/https://www.conservativehome.com/platform/2016/09/alexandra-phillips-why-i-left-ukip-and-joined-mays-conservative-party.html">Archived</a> 28 August 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> dated 20 September 2016 at conservativehome.com, accessed 26 May 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-41447568">"Henry Bolton elected UKIP leader"</a>. BBC News. 29 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929151110/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-41447568">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Henry+Bolton+elected+UKIP+leader&rft.date=2017-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-41447568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ukipresign-115"><a href="#cite_ref-ukipresign_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-42745613">"UKIP loses another MEP as Jonathan Arnott quits party"</a>. BBC News. 19 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180120072123/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-42745613">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2018. 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BBC News. 21 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180121171810/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-42767657">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UKIP+leader+given+vote+of+%27no+confidence%27&rft.date=2018-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-42767657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-42770361">"UKIP deputy leader Margot Parker resigns over Henry Bolton"</a>. BBC News. 22 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180122055608/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-42770361">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UKIP+deputy+leader+Margot+Parker+resigns+over+Henry+Bolton&rft.date=2018-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-42770361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-42770361">"Defiant UKIP leader Henry Bolton aims to 'drain the swamp'"</a>. BBC News. 22 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180122055608/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-42770361">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Defiant+UKIP+leader+Henry+Bolton+aims+to+%27drain+the+swamp%27&rft.date=2018-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-42770361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-42830757">"Thurrock's 17 UKIP councillors all resign from party"</a>. BBC News. 26 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180126144523/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-42830757">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2018. 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Retrieved 10 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=England+local+elections+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Ftopics%2Fcz3nmp2eyxgt%2Fengland-local-elections-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarver2018" class="citation web cs1">Carver, James [@JamesJimCarver] (28 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/JamesJimCarver/status/1001130468606185473">"After 22 years' tireless campaigning for #UKIP, I announce my resignation"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved 21 June 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=After+22+years%27+tireless+campaigning+for+%23UKIP%2C+I+announce+my+resignation.&rft.date=2018-05-28&rft.aulast=Carver&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FJamesJimCarver%2Fstatus%2F1001130468606185473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> Rayner, Tom, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/ukip-working-with-alt-right-activists-to-target-younger-voters-11462820">"UKIP working with alt-right activists to target younger voters"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807034737/https://news.sky.com/story/ukip-working-with-alt-right-activists-to-target-younger-voters-11462820">Archived</a> 7 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a>, 6 August 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/ukip-confirms-gerard-batten-as-new-leader-11331630">"UKIP confirms Gerard Batten as new leader"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181010123206/https://news.sky.com/story/ukip-confirms-gerard-batten-as-new-leader-11331630">Archived</a> 10 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Sky News, 14 April 2018 – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMance2018" class="citation web cs1">Mance, Henry (3 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/848384f8-374f-11e8-8b98-2f31af407cc8">"Ukip avoids bankruptcy after raising funds to cover costs"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180618230133/https://www.ft.com/content/848384f8-374f-11e8-8b98-2f31af407cc8">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Ukip+avoids+bankruptcy+after+raising+funds+to+cover+costs&rft.date=2018-04-03&rft.aulast=Mance&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F848384f8-374f-11e8-8b98-2f31af407cc8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988">(subscription required) </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavin" class="citation news cs1">Gavin, Harvey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.express.co.uk/news/politics/920877/gerard-batten-new-ukip-leader-defends-islam-death-cult-comments-sky-news-lbc-interview">"New Ukip leader defends Islam 'death cult' comments – 'I am right'"</a>. 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The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181205102943/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/ukip-tommy-robinson-suzanne-evans-resignation-edl-islamophobia-muslims-party-leader-a8665401.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Ukip+being+turned+into+%27anti-Islamic+party%27+that+could+soon+have+Tommy+Robinson+as+leader%2C+defectors+say&rft.date=2018-12-04&rft.aulast=Dearden&rft.aufirst=Lizzie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fukip-tommy-robinson-suzanne-evans-resignation-edl-islamophobia-muslims-party-leader-a8665401.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/ukip-party-conference-muslim-prisons-islam-farage-gerard-batten-a8549426.html">"Ukip proposes creation of Muslim-only prisons in interim manifesto"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Independent.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent.co.uk">Independent.co.uk</a>. 21 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent.co.uk&rft.atitle=Ukip+proposes+creation+of+Muslim-only+prisons+in+interim+manifesto&rft.date=2018-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fukip-party-conference-muslim-prisons-islam-farage-gerard-batten-a8549426.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/03/new-ukip-members-shifting-party-far-right">"Revealed: Ukip membership surge shifts party to far right"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a>. 3 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+Ukip+membership+surge+shifts+party+to+far+right&rft.date=2019-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fmar%2F03%2Fnew-ukip-members-shifting-party-far-right&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2018" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Peter (2 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/aug/02/ukip-membership-surges-15-per-cent-in-a-month">"Ukip membership surges 15% in a month"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180925025504/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/aug/02/ukip-membership-surges-15-per-cent-in-a-month">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ukip+membership+surges+15%25+in+a+month&rft.date=2018-08-02&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2Faug%2F02%2Fukip-membership-surges-15-per-cent-in-a-month&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOppenheim2018" class="citation news cs1">Oppenheim, Maya (26 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/ukip-alt-right-members-paul-joseph-watson-mark-meechan-carl-benjamin-a8418116.html">"Ukip gains 500 new members since allowing prominent far-right activists to join party"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181011030938/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/ukip-alt-right-members-paul-joseph-watson-mark-meechan-carl-benjamin-a8418116.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Ukip+gains+500+new+members+since+allowing+prominent+far-right+activists+to+join+party&rft.date=2018-06-26&rft.aulast=Oppenheim&rft.aufirst=Maya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fukip-alt-right-members-paul-joseph-watson-mark-meechan-carl-benjamin-a8418116.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaidment2018" class="citation news cs1">Maidment, Jack (21 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2018/09/21/ukip-war-nigel-farage-gerard-batten-clash-tommy-robinson-membership/">"Ukip civil war as Nigel Farage and party leader clash over giving Tommy Robinson membership"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181003095643/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2018/09/21/ukip-war-nigel-farage-gerard-batten-clash-tommy-robinson-membership/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Ukip+civil+war+as+Nigel+Farage+and+party+leader+clash+over+giving+Tommy+Robinson+membership&rft.date=2018-09-21&rft.aulast=Maidment&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F09%2F21%2Fukip-war-nigel-farage-gerard-batten-clash-tommy-robinson-membership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2018" class="citation news cs1">Morris, James (4 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/nigel-farage-quits-ukip-over-tommy-robinson-appointment-a4008401.html">"Nigel Farage Quits UKIP over Tommy Robinson appointment"</a>. Evening Standard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181205005047/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/nigel-farage-quits-ukip-over-tommy-robinson-appointment-a4008401.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=Nigel+Farage+Quits+UKIP+over+Tommy+Robinson+appointment&rft.date=2018-12-04&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fnigel-farage-quits-ukip-over-tommy-robinson-appointment-a4008401.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2018" class="citation web cs1">Johnston, John (3 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/political-parties/uk-independence-party/news/100272/former-ukip-deputy-chair-suzanne-evans">"Former Ukip deputy chair Suzanne Evans quits party over Tommy Robinson appointment"</a>. PoliticsHome. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181204005806/https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/political-parties/uk-independence-party/news/100272/former-ukip-deputy-chair-suzanne-evans">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PoliticsHome&rft.atitle=Former+Ukip+deputy+chair+Suzanne+Evans+quits+party+over+Tommy+Robinson+appointment&rft.date=2018-12-03&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politicshome.com%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitical-parties%2Fuk-independence-party%2Fnews%2F100272%2Fformer-ukip-deputy-chair-suzanne-evans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeans2018" class="citation news cs1">Deans, David (12 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-politics-45485926">"UKIP AM quits party over 'far-right move'"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181123062702/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-politics-45485926">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UKIP+AM+quits+party+over+%27far-right+move%27&rft.date=2018-09-12&rft.aulast=Deans&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-wales-politics-45485926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/ukip-mep-william-dartmouth-quits-party-over-anti-islam-stance-11509416">"MEP Lord Dartmouth quits UKIP saying party is 'widely perceived as both homophobic and anti-Islamic'"</a>. Sky News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181213055801/https://news.sky.com/story/ukip-mep-william-dartmouth-quits-party-over-anti-islam-stance-11509416">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=MEP+Lord+Dartmouth+quits+UKIP+saying+party+is+%27widely+perceived+as+both+homophobic+and+anti-Islamic%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fukip-mep-william-dartmouth-quits-party-over-anti-islam-stance-11509416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/ex-ukip-leader-paul-nuttall-quits-party-over-tommy-robinson-role-11573773">"Ex-UKIP leader Paul Nuttall quits party over Tommy Robinson role"</a>. Sky News. 7 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181208151741/https://news.sky.com/story/ex-ukip-leader-paul-nuttall-quits-party-over-tommy-robinson-role-11573773">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ex-UKIP+leader+Paul+Nuttall+quits+party+over+Tommy+Robinson+role&rft.pub=Sky+News&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fex-ukip-leader-paul-nuttall-quits-party-over-tommy-robinson-role-11573773&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-46495595">"Rival marches ahead of Brexit vote"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181210180415/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-46495595">Archived</a> 10 December 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC News, 9 December 2018 – Colin Drury, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/brexit-betrayal-march-tommy-robinson-ukip-attendance-figure-far-right-protest-a8675246.html">"‘This turned into the Tommy Robinson show’: Cracks begin to appear after far-right unites with Ukip for Brexit march"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211010105/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/brexit-betrayal-march-tommy-robinson-ukip-attendance-figure-far-right-protest-a8675246.html">Archived</a> 11 December 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Independent, 9 December 2018. – Catherine Wylie & Sam Blewett, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/tommy-robinson-leads-brexit-betrayal-13709691">"Tommy Robinson leads 'Brexit betrayal' march – where props include a NOOSE for Theresa May"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181209210918/https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/tommy-robinson-leads-brexit-betrayal-13709691">Archived</a> 9 December 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Mirror, 9 December 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhannel2019" class="citation news cs1">Whannel, Kate (16 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-47934021">"What happened to UKIP's class of 2014?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190419170514/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-47934021">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2019. 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The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150529160126/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/mar/12/nigel-farage-ukip-discrimination-law-wilfully-misinterpreted">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2015. 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BBC News. 12 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150522052013/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-31846453">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2015. 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The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150529160253/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/nigel-farage-sparks-another-race-row-by-calling-for-end-to-out-of-date-legislation-on-discrimination-in-the-workplace-10102133.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2015. 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The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170424003019/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/apr/23/ukip-to-campaign-to-ban-burka-and-sharia-courts-says-paul-nuttall?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Facebook">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ukip+to+campaign+to+ban+burqa+and+sharia+courts%2C+says+Paul+Nuttall&rft.date=2016-04-23&rft.au=Elgot%2C+Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2017%2Fapr%2F23%2Fukip-to-campaign-to-ban-burka-and-sharia-courts-says-paul-nuttall%3FCMP%3DShare_AndroidApp_Facebook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReed2016229-273"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReed2016229_273-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReed2016">Reed 2016</a>, p. 229. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReed2016237-274">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReed2016237_274-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReed2016237_274-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFReed2016">Reed 2016</a>, p. 237. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReed2016233–36-275"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReed2016233–36_275-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReed2016">Reed 2016</a>, pp. 233–36. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReed2016238-276"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReed2016238_276-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReed2016">Reed 2016</a>, p. 238. </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2015" class="citation news cs1">Wilkinson, Michael (7 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/ukip/11536535/manifesto-2015-summary.html">"Ukip manifesto 2015: summary of key policies"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Ukip+manifesto+2015%3A+summary+of+key+policies&rft.date=2015-05-07&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fukip%2F11536535%2Fmanifesto-2015-summary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Education-278">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Education_278-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Education_278-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Education_278-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Education_278-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/2015/mar/17/ukip-education-policies-schools-paul-nuttall">"Ukip's education policies: you ask the questions"</a>. 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The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226072454/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/jan/02/nigel-farage-ukip-target-hedge-fund-city-finances-report">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nigel+Farage+targets+hedge+funds+as+key+to+Ukip%27s+financial+future&rft.date=2015-01-02&rft.aulast=Syal&rft.aufirst=Rajeev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2015%2Fjan%2F02%2Fnigel-farage-ukip-target-hedge-fund-city-finances-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> UK Independence Party, Report and Accounts. Year ended 31 December 2013. Submitted to Electoral Commission 2 July 2014. 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Retrieved 20 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=Former+Tory+donor+named+as+Ukip%27s+new+treasurer&rft.date=2011-01-10&rft.aulast=Woodhouse&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fformer-tory-donor-named-as-ukips-new-treasurer-6553943.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015151–152-285"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015151–152_285-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoodwinMilazzo2015">Goodwin & Milazzo 2015</a>, pp. 151–152. </li> <li id="cite_note-Halliday-286">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Halliday_286-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halliday_286-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalliday2014" class="citation news cs1">Halliday, Josh (12 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/dec/12/richard-desmond-donation-ukip-nigel-farage">"Richard Desmond makes £300,000 donation to Ukip"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226072144/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/dec/12/richard-desmond-donation-ukip-nigel-farage">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Richard+Desmond+makes+%C2%A3300%2C000+donation+to+Ukip&rft.date=2014-12-12&rft.aulast=Halliday&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2014%2Fdec%2F12%2Frichard-desmond-donation-ukip-nigel-farage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201537-287"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201537_287-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoodwinMilazzo2015">Goodwin & Milazzo 2015</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> Loulla-Mae Eleftheriou-Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/express-newspapers-owner-richard-desmond-donates-300000-to-ukip-9922663.html">"Express newspapers owner Richard Desmond donates £300,000 to Ukip"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141225024448/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/express-newspapers-owner-richard-desmond-donates-300000-to-ukip-9922663.html">Archived</a> 25 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Independent, 13 December 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> Rowena Mason, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/apr/16/daily-express-owner-richard-desmond-ukip-donation">"Daily Express owner Richard Desmond hands Ukip £1m"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226072226/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/apr/16/daily-express-owner-richard-desmond-ukip-donation">Archived</a> 26 December 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Guardian, 17 April 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2016" class="citation news cs1">Bennett, Owen (15 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/ukip-diane-james-arron-banks_uk_57d9755ee4b00f7417356350">"Ukip Is 'Dead In The Water' If Diane James Doesn't Become Leader, Says Party Donor Arron Banks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161013220641/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/ukip-diane-james-arron-banks_uk_57d9755ee4b00f7417356350">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Ukip+Is+%27Dead+In+The+Water%27+If+Diane+James+Doesn%27t+Become+Leader%2C+Says+Party+Donor+Arron+Banks&rft.date=2016-09-15&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.co.uk%2Fentry%2Fukip-diane-james-arron-banks_uk_57d9755ee4b00f7417356350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulman2016" class="citation news cs1">Bulman, May (6 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/arron-banks-ukip-neil-hamilton-douglas-carswell-donor-a7349576.html">"Arron Banks threatens to leave Ukip after being 'utterly disgusted' by party member's remarks following altercation"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161011235708/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/arron-banks-ukip-neil-hamilton-douglas-carswell-donor-a7349576.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Arron+Banks+threatens+to+leave+Ukip+after+being+%27utterly+disgusted%27+by+party+member%27s+remarks+following+altercation&rft.date=2016-10-06&rft.aulast=Bulman&rft.aufirst=May&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Farron-banks-ukip-neil-hamilton-douglas-carswell-donor-a7349576.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brief-292"><a href="#cite_ref-brief_292-0">^</a> Feargal McGuinness, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/SN05125.pdf">Membership of UK political parties</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140401031422/http://www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/SN05125.pdf">Archived</a> 1 April 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, House of Commons Library, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbediLundberg200980-293"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbediLundberg200980_293-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAbediLundberg2009">Abedi & Lundberg 2009</a>, p. 80. </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Eaton_(journalist)" title="George Eaton (journalist)">George Eaton</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2013/07/ukip-membership-hits-30000-could-it-overtake-lib-dems-next">"UKIP membership hits 30,000. Could it overtake the Lib Dems next?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130714121845/http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2013/07/ukip-membership-hits-30000-could-it-overtake-lib-dems-next">Archived</a> 14 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, New Statesman, 12 July 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-25562198">"UKIP says it has signed up 13,000 new members in 2013"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103013113/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-25562198">Archived</a> 3 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC News, 31 December 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-ExpressApril22-296"><a href="#cite_ref-ExpressApril22_296-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/471718/Ukip-sets-sights-on-dwarfing-Lib-Dems-by-general-election-in-2015">"Ukip sets sights on dwarfing Lib Dems by general election in 2015"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140422072741/http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/471718/Ukip-sets-sights-on-dwarfing-Lib-Dems-by-general-election-in-2015">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Express&rft.atitle=Ukip+sets+sights+on+dwarfing+Lib+Dems+by+general+election+in+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.express.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2F471718%2FUkip-sets-sights-on-dwarfing-Lib-Dems-by-general-election-in-2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ExpressMay7-297"><a href="#cite_ref-ExpressMay7_297-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2014" class="citation news cs1">Hall, Mercer (7 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/474420/Half-Ukip-s-Euro-voters-pledge-to-stay-loyal-to-Nigel-Farage-in-the-2015-General-Election">"Half Ukip's Euro voters pledge to stay loyal to Nigel Farage in the 2015 General Election"</a>. Daily Express. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140508055145/http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/474420/Half-Ukip-s-Euro-voters-pledge-to-stay-loyal-to-Nigel-Farage-in-the-2015-General-Election">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Express&rft.atitle=Half+Ukip%27s+Euro+voters+pledge+to+stay+loyal+to+Nigel+Farage+in+the+2015+General+Election&rft.date=2014-05-07&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Mercer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.express.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2F474420%2FHalf-Ukip-s-Euro-voters-pledge-to-stay-loyal-to-Nigel-Farage-in-the-2015-General-Election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2014" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Ian (25 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140527215718/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/iainmartin1/100273153/ukip-and-nigel-farage-how-far-theyve-come/">"Ukip and Nigel Farage: How far they've come…"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/iainmartin1/100273153/ukip-and-nigel-farage-how-far-theyve-come/">the original</a> on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Ukip+and+Nigel+Farage%3A+How+far+they%27ve+come%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2014-05-25&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fiainmartin1%2F100273153%2Fukip-and-nigel-farage-how-far-theyve-come%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News_15_January_2015-299"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_15_January_2015_299-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-30829222">"Green Party says it has more members than UKIP"</a>. BBC News. 15 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150116081228/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-30829222">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Green+Party+says+it+has+more+members+than+UKIP&rft.date=2015-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-30829222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabin2015" class="citation news cs1">Sabin, Lamiat (15 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/green-parties-overtaking-ukip-with-rapid-2000-rise-in-memberships-amid-tv-debate-exclusion-9979765.html">"Greens get new member every 10 seconds to surge past Ukip's membership numbers ahead of general election"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150115195118/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/green-parties-overtaking-ukip-with-rapid-2000-rise-in-memberships-amid-tv-debate-exclusion-9979765.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Greens+get+new+member+every+10+seconds+to+surge+past+Ukip%27s+membership+numbers+ahead+of+general+election&rft.date=2015-01-15&rft.aulast=Sabin&rft.aufirst=Lamiat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fgreen-parties-overtaking-ukip-with-rapid-2000-rise-in-memberships-amid-tv-debate-exclusion-9979765.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason2015" class="citation news cs1">Mason, Rowena (14 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/jan/14/green-party-overtaking-ukip-lib-dems-membership">"Greens close to overtaking Ukip and Lib Dems in number of members"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150114221916/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/jan/14/green-party-overtaking-ukip-lib-dems-membership">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2015. 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Retrieved 6 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UKIP+working+with+alt-right+activists+to+target+younger+voters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fukip-working-with-alt-right-activists-to-target-younger-voters-11462820&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/ukip-alt-right-members-paul-joseph-watson-mark-meechan-carl-benjamin-a8418116.html">"Ukip gains 500 new members since allowing prominent far-right activists to join party"</a>. 26 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180628005220/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/ukip-alt-right-members-paul-joseph-watson-mark-meechan-carl-benjamin-a8418116.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ukip+gains+500+new+members+since+allowing+prominent+far-right+activists+to+join+party&rft.date=2018-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fukip-alt-right-members-paul-joseph-watson-mark-meechan-carl-benjamin-a8418116.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2018" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Peter (2 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/aug/02/ukip-membership-surges-15-per-cent-in-a-month">"Ukip membership surges 15% in a month"</a>. 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Retrieved 2 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ukip+membership+surges+15%25+in+a+month&rft.date=2018-08-02&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2Faug%2F02%2Fukip-membership-surges-15-per-cent-in-a-month&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201411-305"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin201411_305-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014108-306">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014108_306-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014108_306-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 108. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014145-307"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014145_307-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 145. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014270-308"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014270_308-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 270. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014111–112-309"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014111–112_309-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 111–112. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014113–114-310"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014113–114_310-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, pp. 113–114. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014159-311"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014159_311-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 159. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014156–158-312"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014156–158_312-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, 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id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2016482-318"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2016482_318-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2016">Ford & Goodwin 2016</a>, p. 482. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvansMellon2016474-319"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvansMellon2016474_319-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvansMellon2016">Evans & Mellon 2016</a>, p. 474. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvansMellon2016464–465-320"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvansMellon2016464–465_320-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvansMellon2016">Evans & Mellon 2016</a>, pp. 464–465. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvansMellon2016465-321"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvansMellon2016465_321-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvansMellon2016">Evans & Mellon 2016</a>, p. 465. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvansMellon2016467-322"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvansMellon2016467_322-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvansMellon2016">Evans & Mellon 2016</a>, p. 467. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwinCutts2011204-323"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwinCutts2011204_323-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwinCutts2011">Ford, Goodwin & Cutts 2011</a>, p. 204. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014231-324"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014231_324-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 231. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014273-325"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014273_325-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 273. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitakerLynch2011359-326"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitakerLynch2011359_326-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhitakerLynch2011">Whitaker & Lynch 2011</a>, p. 359. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynchWhitakerLoomes2012-327"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynchWhitakerLoomes2012_327-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLynchWhitakerLoomes2012">Lynch, Whitaker & Loomes 2012</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201592-328">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201592_328-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201592_328-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoodwinMilazzo2015">Goodwin & Milazzo 2015</a>, p. 92. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201589–90-329"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201589–90_329-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoodwinMilazzo2015">Goodwin & Milazzo 2015</a>, pp. 89–90. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201593-330"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201593_330-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoodwinMilazzo2015">Goodwin & Milazzo 2015</a>, p. 93. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201594-331"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201594_331-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoodwinMilazzo2015">Goodwin & Milazzo 2015</a>, p. 94. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201573-332">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201573_332-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo201573_332-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoodwinMilazzo2015">Goodwin 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title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Observer, 28 December 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> Adam Withnall, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/douglas-carswell-tells-ukip-to-stop-blaming-foreigners-as-youth-poll-shows-nigel-farage-is-even-less-popular-than-nick-clegg-9947202.html?origin=internalSearch">"Douglas Carswell tells Ukip to stop blaming foreigners as youth poll shows Nigel Farage is even less popular than Nick Clegg"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925170042/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/douglas-carswell-tells-ukip-to-stop-blaming-foreigners-as-youth-poll-shows-nigel-farage-is-even-less-popular-than-nick-clegg-9947202.html?origin=internalSearch">Archived</a> 25 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Independent, 29 December 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> Alberto Nardelli, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2015/mar/04/election-2015-support-for-ukip-among-gen-y-voters-doubles-in-a-year">"Election 2015: support for Ukip among Gen Y voters doubles in a year"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226072550/https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2015/mar/04/election-2015-support-for-ukip-among-gen-y-voters-doubles-in-a-year">Archived</a> 26 December 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Guardian, 4 March 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinlowHallTreadwell201776-338"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinlowHallTreadwell201776_338-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWinlowHallTreadwell2017">Winlow, Hall & Treadwell 2017</a>, p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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Retrieved 14 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=This+chart+shows+how+Theresa+May+has+completely+taken+over+the+UKIP+vote&rft.date=2017-05-10&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Ftchart-shows-how-theresa-may-has-taken-over-the-ukip-vote-2017-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-const-340"><a href="#cite_ref-const_340-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukip.org/ukip-page.php?id=07">"The Constitution"</a>. UK Independence Party. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181026222553/https://www.ukip.org/ukip-page.php?id=07">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2018. 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European News Service (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141228142635/http://www.eunews.it/2014/12/16/farage-accetta-18-milioni-ue-per-il-nuovo-partito-europeo-ma-nellukip-e-battaglia/27333">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2014. 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Retrieved 20 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Ukip%27s+lazy+MEPs+miss+crucial+votes+that+would+help+Britons&rft.date=2014-05-13&rft.aulast=Charter&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Ftto%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Farticle4088156.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-times14-405"><a href="#cite_ref-times14_405-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPickardStaceyBarker2014" class="citation news cs1">Pickard, Jim; Stacey, Kiran; Barker, Alex (11 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/85563e82-8f44-11e3-be85-00144feab7de.html">"Ukip accused of failing to protect British interests in Brussels"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140711100658/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/85563e82-8f44-11e3-be85-00144feab7de.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Ukip+accused+of+failing+to+protect+British+interests+in+Brussels&rft.date=2014-02-11&rft.aulast=Pickard&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.au=Stacey%2C+Kiran&rft.au=Barker%2C+Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F85563e82-8f44-11e3-be85-00144feab7de.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-406"><a href="#cite_ref-406">^</a> Alberto Nardelli, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/datablog/2015/jun/11/ukip-europe-laziest-party-parliament">"Ukip is Europe's laziest party, researchers reveal"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226072727/https://www.theguardian.com/world/datablog/2015/jun/11/ukip-europe-laziest-party-parliament">Archived</a> 26 December 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Guardian, 11 June 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-407"><a href="#cite_ref-407">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDominiczak2014" class="citation news cs1">Dominiczak, Peter (5 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/ukip/10677252/Nigel-Farage-attacks-hypocrite-Nick-Clegg-for-calling-him-lazy.html">"Nigel Farage attacks 'hypocrite' Nick Clegg for calling him lazy"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140811003912/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/ukip/10677252/Nigel-Farage-attacks-hypocrite-Nick-Clegg-for-calling-him-lazy.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Nigel+Farage+attacks+%27hypocrite%27+Nick+Clegg+for+calling+him+lazy&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft.aulast=Dominiczak&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fukip%2F10677252%2FNigel-Farage-attacks-hypocrite-Nick-Clegg-for-calling-him-lazy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-408"><a href="#cite_ref-408">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-38057251">"Diane James, former UKIP leader, quits party"</a>. BBC News. 21 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161122072437/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-38057251">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Diane+James%2C+former+UKIP+leader%2C+quits+party&rft.date=2016-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-38057251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-409"><a href="#cite_ref-409">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-48417228">"Brexit Party dominates in EU elections"</a>. BBC News. 27 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190527001738/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-48417228">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Brexit+Party+dominates+in+EU+elections&rft.date=2019-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-48417228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> – Adam Withnall, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/ukips-meps-after-months-of-gaffes-and-controversies-meet-the-people-who-will-represent-britain-in-the-european-parliament-9435149.html">"Ukip's MEPs: After months of gaffes and controversies, meet the people who will represent Britain in the European Parliament"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140601103137/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/ukips-meps-after-months-of-gaffes-and-controversies-meet-the-people-who-will-represent-britain-in-the-european-parliament-9435149.html">Archived</a> 1 June 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-410"><a href="#cite_ref-410">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/JamesJimCarver/status/1001130468606185473?tfw_site=proboards">"After 22 years' tireless campaigning for #UKIP, I announce my resignation"</a>. 28 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=After+22+years%27+tireless+campaigning+for+%23UKIP%2C+I+announce+my+resignation&rft.date=2018-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FJamesJimCarver%2Fstatus%2F1001130468606185473%3Ftfw_site%3Dproboards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPS">[self-published]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-411"><a href="#cite_ref-411">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllegretti2018" class="citation news cs1">Allegretti, Aubrey (26 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/ukip-mep-william-dartmouth-quits-party-over-anti-islam-stance-11509416">"MEP Lord Dartmouth quits UKIP saying party is 'widely perceived as both homophobic and anti-Islamic'"</a>. Sky News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180927005605/https://news.sky.com/story/ukip-mep-william-dartmouth-quits-party-over-anti-islam-stance-11509416">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2018. Retrieved 26 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=MEP+Lord+Dartmouth+quits+UKIP+saying+party+is+%27widely+perceived+as+both+homophobic+and+anti-Islamic%27&rft.date=2018-09-26&rft.aulast=Allegretti&rft.aufirst=Aubrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fukip-mep-william-dartmouth-quits-party-over-anti-islam-stance-11509416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-412"><a href="#cite_ref-412">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itv.com/news/central/2018-10-02/mep-bill-etheridge-quits-ukip-over-extreme-nationalist-views/">"MEP Bill Etheridge quits UKIP over 'extreme nationalist' views"</a>. ITV News. 2 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181003181728/http://www.itv.com/news/central/2018-10-02/mep-bill-etheridge-quits-ukip-over-extreme-nationalist-views/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 4 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ITV+News&rft.atitle=MEP+Bill+Etheridge+quits+UKIP+over+%27extreme+nationalist%27+views&rft.date=2018-10-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itv.com%2Fnews%2Fcentral%2F2018-10-02%2Fmep-bill-etheridge-quits-ukip-over-extreme-nationalist-views%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-413"><a href="#cite_ref-413">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/nov/27/patrick-oflynn-ukip-mep-quits-tommy-robinson-gerard-batten">"Third Ukip MEP quits over party's courtship of Tommy Robinson"</a>. The Guardian. 27 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127142815/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/nov/27/patrick-oflynn-ukip-mep-quits-tommy-robinson-gerard-batten">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Third+Ukip+MEP+quits+over+party%27s+courtship+of+Tommy+Robinson&rft.date=2018-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2Fnov%2F27%2Fpatrick-oflynn-ukip-mep-quits-tommy-robinson-gerard-batten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-414"><a href="#cite_ref-414">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124964/LOUISE_BOURS/home">"Louise BOORS"</a>. Europarl.europa.eu. European Parliament. 23 December 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110124/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124964/LOUISE_BOURS/home">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europarl.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Louise+BOORS&rft.date=1968-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fmeps%2Fen%2F124964%2FLOUISE_BOURS%2Fhome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-415"><a href="#cite_ref-415">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-46448299">"Former leader Nigel Farage quits UKIP"</a>. BBC News. 6 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181207034739/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-46448299">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Former+leader+Nigel+Farage+quits+UKIP&rft.date=2018-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-46448299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-416"><a href="#cite_ref-416">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrews2018" class="citation news cs1">Andrews, Kieran (7 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ukip-s-scottish-leader-david-coburn-quits-over-lurch-to-right-95v3pv7rv">"Ukip's Scottish leader David Coburn quits over lurch to right"</a>. The Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460">0140-0460</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181207103011/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ukip-s-scottish-leader-david-coburn-quits-over-lurch-to-right-95v3pv7rv">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Ukip%27s+Scottish+leader+David+Coburn+quits+over+lurch+to+right&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft.issn=0140-0460&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Kieran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fukip-s-scottish-leader-david-coburn-quits-over-lurch-to-right-95v3pv7rv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-417"><a href="#cite_ref-417">^</a> Matthew Weaver, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/dec/07/ukip-nuttall-resigns-tommy-robinson">"Ukip resignations plunge party into further turmoil"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181231143802/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/dec/07/ukip-nuttall-resigns-tommy-robinson">Archived</a> 31 December 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Guardian, 7 December 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-418"><a href="#cite_ref-418">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/ex-ukip-leader-paul-nuttall-quits-party-over-tommy-robinson-role-11573773">"Ex-UKIP leader Paul Nuttall quits party over Tommy Robinson role"</a>. Sky News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181208151741/https://news.sky.com/story/ex-ukip-leader-paul-nuttall-quits-party-over-tommy-robinson-role-11573773">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ex-UKIP+leader+Paul+Nuttall+quits+party+over+Tommy+Robinson+role&rft.pub=Sky+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fex-ukip-leader-paul-nuttall-quits-party-over-tommy-robinson-role-11573773&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-419"><a href="#cite_ref-419">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://juliareid.co.uk/dr-julia-reid-mep-resigns-from-ukip/">"Dr Julia Reid MEP resigns from UKIP over the current direction of the party – Dr Julia Reid MEP"</a>. Juliareid.co.uk. 8 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181209133615/http://juliareid.co.uk/dr-julia-reid-mep-resigns-from-ukip/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr+Julia+Reid+MEP+resigns+from+UKIP+over+the+current+direction+of+the+party+%E2%80%93+Dr+Julia+Reid+MEP&rft.pub=Juliareid.co.uk&rft.date=2018-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjuliareid.co.uk%2Fdr-julia-reid-mep-resigns-from-ukip%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-420"><a href="#cite_ref-420">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Dan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/news/leicester-news/mep-jonathan-bullock-quits-ukip-2308671">"MEP Jonathan Bullock quits UKIP over party leader's 'increasing support' for EDL founder Tommy Robinson"</a>. Leicester Mercury. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181209194411/https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/news/leicester-news/mep-jonathan-bullock-quits-ukip-2308671">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leicester+Mercury&rft.atitle=MEP+Jonathan+Bullock+quits+UKIP+over+party+leader%27s+%27increasing+support%27+for+EDL+founder+Tommy+Robinson&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leicestermercury.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fleicester-news%2Fmep-jonathan-bullock-quits-ukip-2308671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-421"><a href="#cite_ref-421">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shropshirelive.com/news/2019/04/15/mep-jill-seymour-defects-to-brexit-party/">"MEP Jill Seymour defects to Brexit Party"</a>. 15 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190415135747/https://www.shropshirelive.com/news/2019/04/15/mep-jill-seymour-defects-to-brexit-party/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MEP+Jill+Seymour+defects+to+Brexit+Party&rft.date=2019-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shropshirelive.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F04%2F15%2Fmep-jill-seymour-defects-to-brexit-party%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-422"><a href="#cite_ref-422">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborne2019" class="citation news cs1">Osborne, Samuel (15 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/ukip-brexit-party-nigel-farage-quit-jill-seymour-jane-collins-margot-parker-a8871246.html">"Ukip MEPs quit to join Nigel Farage's Brexit Party"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190519064508/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/ukip-brexit-party-nigel-farage-quit-jill-seymour-jane-collins-margot-parker-a8871246.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2019. 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Retrieved 9 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Results+of+the+2017+General+Election&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Felection%2F2017%2Fresults&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-431"><a href="#cite_ref-431">^</a> Lois Perry was party leader when the election was called, but resigned from the position on 15 June 2024, resulting in Tenconi taking over as leader for the remainder of the campaign. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015xiii-432"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015xiii_432-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoodwinMilazzo2015">Goodwin & Milazzo 2015</a>, p. xiii. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015111-433"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodwinMilazzo2015111_433-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoodwinMilazzo2015">Goodwin & Milazzo 2015</a>, p. 111. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014147-434"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordGoodwin2014147_434-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFordGoodwin2014">Ford & Goodwin 2014</a>, p. 147. </li> <li id="cite_note-435"><a href="#cite_ref-435">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheatcroft2014" class="citation news cs1">Wheatcroft, Geoffrey (14 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/18/magazine/nigel-farage-and-his-uk-independence-party-want-out-of-europe.html">"A Spot of Tea Party?"</a>. 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YouGov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160410105046/https://yougov.co.uk/news/2014/05/20/voters-think-media-more-biased-against-UKIP/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=YouGov+%E2%80%93+Voters+think+media+are+more+biased+against+UKIP+than+other+parties&rft.pub=YouGov&rft.date=2014-05-20&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyougov.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2014%2F05%2F20%2Fvoters-think-media-more-biased-against-UKIP%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-450"><a href="#cite_ref-450">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2017" class="citation news cs1">Reynolds, John (30 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/may/30/bbc-complaints-ukip-election-coverage-bias">"BBC receives almost 1,200 complaints over Ukip election coverage"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170221025310/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/may/30/bbc-complaints-ukip-election-coverage-bias">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=BBC+receives+almost+1%2C200+complaints+over+Ukip+election+coverage&rft.date=2017-05-30&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2014%2Fmay%2F30%2Fbbc-complaints-ukip-election-coverage-bias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-451"><a href="#cite_ref-451">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarage2013" class="citation news cs1">Farage, Nigel (4 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/ukip/10159310/Nigel-Farage-The-bloated-BBC-bullies-those-who-disagree-with-its-liberal-bias.html">"Nigel Farage: The bloated BBC bullies those who disagree with its liberal bias"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222154351/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/ukip/10159310/Nigel-Farage-The-bloated-BBC-bullies-those-who-disagree-with-its-liberal-bias.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 22 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Nigel+Farage%3A+The+bloated+BBC+bullies+those+who+disagree+with+its+liberal+bias&rft.date=2013-07-04&rft.aulast=Farage&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fukip%2F10159310%2FNigel-Farage-The-bloated-BBC-bullies-those-who-disagree-with-its-liberal-bias.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016180-452">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016180_452-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016180_452-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeaconWring2016">Deacon & Wring 2016</a>, p. 180. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016182-453">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016182_453-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeaconWring2016182_453-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeaconWring2016">Deacon & Wring 2016</a>, p. 182. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReed2016226-454"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReed2016226_454-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReed2016">Reed 2016</a>, p. 226. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDye20153–4-455"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDye20153–4_455-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDye2015">Dye 2015</a>, pp. 3–4. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbediLundberg2009" class="citation journal cs1">Abedi, Amir; Lundberg, Thomas Carl (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/41367/1/41367.pdf">"Doomed to Failure? 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Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198736110" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198736110"><bdi>978-0198736110</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UKIP%3A+Inside+the+Campaign+to+Redraw+the+Map+of+British+Politics&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0198736110&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Milazzo%2C+Caitlin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayton2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hayton, Richard (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/99577/1/Hayton%20UKIP%20and%20the%20Politics%20of%20Englishness%20%28final%20draft%29.pdf">"The UK Independence Party and the Politics of Englishness"</a> (PDF). 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Space and Polity. 20 (2): 226–241. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13562576.2016.1192332">10.1080/13562576.2016.1192332</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148384606">148384606</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Space+and+Polity&rft.atitle=%27This+Loopy+Idea%27%3A+An+Analysis+of+UKIP%27s+Social+Media+Discourse+in+Relation+to+Rurality+and+Climate+Change&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=226-241&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13562576.2016.1192332&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A148384606%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.glos.ac.uk%2F3417%2F3%2FThis%2520loopy%2520idea%25E2%2580%2599%2520An%2520analysis%2520of%2520UKIP%25E2%2580%2599s%2520social%2520media%2520discourse%2520in%2520relation%2520to%2520rurality%2520and%2520climate%2520change.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaab2011" class="citation book cs1">Staab, Andreas (2011). The European Union Explained: Institutions, Actors, Global Impact (2nd ed.). Bloomington, IN: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-00164-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-00164-1"><bdi>978-0-253-00164-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+European+Union+Explained%3A+Institutions%2C+Actors%2C+Global+Impact&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-253-00164-1&rft.aulast=Staab&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTournier-Sol2015" class="citation journal cs1">Tournier-Sol, Karine (2015). "Reworking the Eurosceptic and Conservative Traditions into a Populist Narrative: UKIP's Winning Formula?". Journal of Common Market Studies. 53 (1): 140–156. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjcms.12208">10.1111/jcms.12208</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142738345">142738345</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Common+Market+Studies&rft.atitle=Reworking+the+Eurosceptic+and+Conservative+Traditions+into+a+Populist+Narrative%3A+UKIP%27s+Winning+Formula%3F&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=140-156&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjcms.12208&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A142738345%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Tournier-Sol&rft.aufirst=Karine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorlakson2013" class="citation book cs1">Thorlakson, Lori (2013). "Federalism and the European Party System". In Trechsel, Alexander H. (ed.). Towards a Federal Europe. Journal of European Public Policy Series. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-99818-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-99818-1"><bdi>978-1-317-99818-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Federalism+and+the+European+Party+System&rft.btitle=Towards+a+Federal+Europe&rft.place=London&rft.series=Journal+of+European+Public+Policy+Series&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-317-99818-1&rft.aulast=Thorlakson&rft.aufirst=Lori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrilling2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Trilling" title="Daniel Trilling">Trilling, Daniel</a> (2012). <a href="/wiki/Bloody_Nasty_People:_The_Rise_of_Britain%27s_Far_Right" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloody Nasty People: The Rise of Britain's Far Right">Bloody Nasty People: The Rise of Britain's Far Right</a>. London: Verso. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-959-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-959-1"><bdi>978-1-84467-959-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bloody+Nasty+People%3A+The+Rise+of+Britain%27s+Far+Right&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-84467-959-1&rft.aulast=Trilling&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUsherwood2008" class="citation journal cs1">Usherwood, Simon (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/235575/3/The%20dilemmas%20of%20a%20single%20issue%20party%20Usherwood%20UKIP%20Paper%20Revised.pdf">"The Dilemmas of a Single-Issue Party: The UK Independence Party"</a> (PDF). Representation. 44 (3): 255–264. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00344890802237023">10.1080/00344890802237023</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154924737">154924737</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Representation&rft.atitle=The+Dilemmas+of+a+Single-Issue+Party%3A+The+UK+Independence+Party&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=255-264&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00344890802237023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154924737%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Usherwood&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepubs.surrey.ac.uk%2F235575%2F3%2FThe%2520dilemmas%2520of%2520a%2520single%2520issue%2520party%2520Usherwood%2520UKIP%2520Paper%2520Revised.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUsherwood2016a" class="citation journal cs1">Usherwood, Simon (2016a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://surrey-researchmanagement.esploro.exlibrisgroup.com/view/delivery/44SUR_INST/12139771100002346/13140271780002346">"Did Ukip Win the Referendum?"</a>. Political Insight. 7 (2): 27–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2041905816666146">10.1177/2041905816666146</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151598091">151598091</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Insight&rft.atitle=Did+Ukip+Win+the+Referendum%3F&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=27-29&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F2041905816666146&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151598091%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Usherwood&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsurrey-researchmanagement.esploro.exlibrisgroup.com%2Fview%2Fdelivery%2F44SUR_INST%2F12139771100002346%2F13140271780002346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitakerLynch2011" class="citation journal cs1">Whitaker, Richard; Lynch, Philip (2011). "Explaining Support for the UK Independence Party at the 2009 European Parliament Elections". Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties. 21 (3): 359–379. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17457289.2011.588439">10.1080/17457289.2011.588439</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29241327">29241327</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Elections%2C+Public+Opinion+and+Parties&rft.atitle=Explaining+Support+for+the+UK+Independence+Party+at+the+2009+European+Parliament+Elections&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=359-379&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F17457289.2011.588439&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A29241327%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Lynch%2C+Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinlowHallTreadwell2017" class="citation book cs1">Winlow, Simon; Hall, Steve; Treadwell, James (2017). The Rise of the Right: English Nationalism and the Transformation of Working-Class Politics. Bristol: Policy Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1447328483" title="Special:BookSources/978-1447328483"><bdi>978-1447328483</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+Right%3A+English+Nationalism+and+the+Transformation+of+Working-Class+Politics&rft.place=Bristol&rft.pub=Policy+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1447328483&rft.aulast=Winlow&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Hall%2C+Steve&rft.au=Treadwell%2C+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuttsGoodwinMilazzo2017" class="citation journal cs1">Cutts, David; <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Goodwin" title="Matthew Goodwin">Goodwin, Matthew</a>; <a href="/wiki/Caitlin_Milazzo" title="Caitlin Milazzo">Milazzo, Caitlin</a> (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190426203907/http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42016/1/UKIP%20Electoral%20Studies%20EPrints.pdf">"Defeat of the People's Army? The 2015 British general election and the UK Independence Party (UKIP)"</a> (PDF). Electoral Studies. 48: 70–83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.electstud.2017.03.002">10.1016/j.electstud.2017.03.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:157747740">157747740</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42016/1/UKIP%20Electoral%20Studies%20EPrints.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electoral+Studies&rft.atitle=Defeat+of+the+People%27s+Army%3F+The+2015+British+general+election+and+the+UK+Independence+Party+%28UKIP%29&rft.volume=48&rft.pages=70-83&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.electstud.2017.03.002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A157747740%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Cutts&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Goodwin%2C+Matthew&rft.au=Milazzo%2C+Caitlin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.nottingham.ac.uk%2F42016%2F1%2FUKIP%2520Electoral%2520Studies%2520EPrints.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeaconWring2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Deacon, David; Wring, Dominic (2015). "The United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) and the British Press: Integration, Immigration and Integrity". In Lachapelle, Guy; Maarek, Philippe (eds.). Political Parties in the Digital Age: The Impact of New Technologies in Politics. Oldenbourg: De Gruyter. pp. 129–147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3110413816" title="Special:BookSources/978-3110413816"><bdi>978-3110413816</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+United+Kingdom+Independence+Party+%28UKIP%29+and+the+British+Press%3A+Integration%2C+Immigration+and+Integrity&rft.btitle=Political+Parties+in+the+Digital+Age%3A+The+Impact+of+New+Technologies+in+Politics&rft.place=Oldenbourg&rft.pages=129-147&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-3110413816&rft.aulast=Deacon&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Wring%2C+Dominic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMellonEvans2016" class="citation journal cs1">Mellon, Jon; <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Evans_(political_scientist)" title="Geoff Evans (political scientist)">Evans, Geoffrey</a> (2016). "Class, Electoral Geography and the Future of UKIP: Labour's Secret Weapon?". Parliamentary Affairs. 69 (2): 492–498. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpa%2Fgsv013">10.1093/pa/gsv013</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Affairs&rft.atitle=Class%2C+Electoral+Geography+and+the+Future+of+UKIP%3A+Labour%27s+Secret+Weapon%3F&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=492-498&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fpa%2Fgsv013&rft.aulast=Mellon&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.au=Evans%2C+Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoufahimParsonsRees2016" class="citation journal cs1">Moufahim, M.; Parsons, M.; Rees, P. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dro.dur.ac.uk/18647/1/18647.pdf">"Shades of Purple – A Discursive Analysis of Mainstream Political Party Responses to UKIP"</a> (PDF). Journal of Customer Behaviour. 15 (3): 261–282. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1362%2F147539216X14594362873974">10.1362/147539216X14594362873974</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Customer+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Shades+of+Purple+%E2%80%93+A+Discursive+Analysis+of+Mainstream+Political+Party+Responses+to+UKIP&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=261-282&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1362%2F147539216X14594362873974&rft.aulast=Moufahim&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Parsons%2C+M.&rft.au=Rees%2C+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdro.dur.ac.uk%2F18647%2F1%2F18647.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUsherwood2016" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Usherwood, Simon (2016). "The UK Independence Party: The Dimensions of Mainstreaming". In Akkerman, Tjitske; Sarah L. de Lange; Rooduijn, Matthijs (eds.). Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe: Into the Mainstream. Abingdon: Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+UK+Independence+Party%3A+The+Dimensions+of+Mainstreaming&rft.btitle=Radical+Right-Wing+Populist+Parties+in+Western+Europe%3A+Into+the+Mainstream&rft.place=Abingdon&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Usherwood&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTowler2017" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Towler, Gawain (2017). "A Polite Insurgency: The UKIP Campaign". In Wring, Dominic; Mortimore, Roger; Atkinson, Simon (eds.). Political Communication in Britain: Polling, Campaigning and Media in the 2015 General Election. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-40933-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-40933-7"><bdi>978-3-319-40933-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Polite+Insurgency%3A+The+UKIP+Campaign&rft.btitle=Political+Communication+in+Britain%3A+Polling%2C+Campaigning+and+Media+in+the+2015+General+Election&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-319-40933-7&rft.aulast=Towler&rft.aufirst=Gawain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacMillan2016" class="citation journal cs1">MacMillan, Catherine (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Frjes-2016-0020">"The European Union as a Totalitarian Nightmare: Dystopian Visions in the Discourse of the UK Independence Party (UKIP)"</a>. Romanian Journal of English Studies. 13 (1): 158–165. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Frjes-2016-0020">10.1515/rjes-2016-0020</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159636568">159636568</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Romanian+Journal+of+English+Studies&rft.atitle=The+European+Union+as+a+Totalitarian+Nightmare%3A+Dystopian+Visions+in+the+Discourse+of+the+UK+Independence+Party+%28UKIP%29&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=158-165&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Frjes-2016-0020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159636568%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=MacMillan&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1515%252Frjes-2016-0020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebbBalePoletti2017" class="citation journal cs1">Webb, Paul; Bale, Tim; Poletti, Monica (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0263395717697344">"'All mouth and no trousers?' How many Conservative Party members voted for UKIP in 2015 – and why did they do so?"</a>. Politics. 37 (4): 432–444. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0263395717697344">10.1177/0263395717697344</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politics&rft.atitle=%27All+mouth+and+no+trousers%3F%27+How+many+Conservative+Party+members+voted+for+UKIP+in+2015+%E2%80%93+and+why+did+they+do+so%3F&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=432-444&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0263395717697344&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Bale%2C+Tim&rft.au=Poletti%2C+Monica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F0263395717697344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacmillan2017" class="citation journal cs1">Macmillan, Catherine (2017). "Reversing the Myth? Dystopian narratives of the EU in UKIP and front national discourse". Journal of Contemporary European Studies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+European+Studies&rft.atitle=Reversing+the+Myth%3F+Dystopian+narratives+of+the+EU+in+UKIP+and+front+national+discourse&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Macmillan&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPai2016" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Pai, Hsiao-Hung (2016). Zephaniah, Benjamin (ed.). Angry White People: Coming Face-to-Face with the British Far Right. Zed Books Ltd. pp. chapter 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1783606948" title="Special:BookSources/978-1783606948"><bdi>978-1783606948</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Angry+White+People%3A+Coming+Face-to-Face+with+the+British+Far+Right&rft.pages=chapter+7&rft.pub=Zed+Books+Ltd.&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1783606948&rft.aulast=Pai&rft.aufirst=Hsiao-Hung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUK+Independence+Party" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukip.org/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10647#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nigel_Farage" title="Template:Nigel Farage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Nigel_Farage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Nigel Farage (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nigel_Farage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nigel Farage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nigel_Farage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>MP for <a href="/wiki/Clacton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Clacton (UK Parliament constituency)">Clacton</a> (2024–)</li> <li>Leader of <a href="/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK">Reform UK</a> (2024–present)</li> <li>Leader of <a href="/wiki/UKIP" class="mw-redirect" title="UKIP">UKIP</a> (2010–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">MEP for South East England</a> (1999–2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Leadership elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2006 UK Independence Party leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2010 UK Independence Party leadership election">2010</a></li></ul></li> <li>European elections</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_European_Union:_In_or_Out" title="The European Union: In or Out">Clegg–Farage debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">EFFD</a></li></ul></li> <li>2014 by-elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Clacton_by-election" title="2014 Clacton by-election">Clacton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Rochester_and_Strood_by-election" title="2014 Rochester and Strood by-election">Rochester & Strood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_in_United_Kingdom_constituencies_(2010%E2%80%932015)#South_Thanet" title="Opinion polling in United Kingdom constituencies (2010–2015)">South Thanet polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July%E2%80%93September_2016_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="July–September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election">UKIP leadership resignation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2019 European election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clacton_in_the_2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Clacton in the 2024 United Kingdom general election">Clacton in the 2024 general election</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nigel_Farage_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2408" data-file-height="3346" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/File:European_Parliament_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/European_Parliament_logo.svg/50px-European_Parliament_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/European_Parliament_logo.svg/75px-European_Parliament_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/European_Parliament_logo.svg/100px-European_Parliament_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="166" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Crowned_Portcullis.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Crowned_Portcullis.svg/50px-Crowned_Portcullis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Crowned_Portcullis.svg/75px-Crowned_Portcullis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Crowned_Portcullis.svg/100px-Crowned_Portcullis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="550" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brexit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 EU referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_Out" title="Grassroots Out">Grassroots Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_Point_(UKIP_poster)" title="Breaking Point (UKIP poster)">Breaking Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Results of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Results</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_the_vote_in_favour_of_Brexit" title="Causes of the vote in favour of Brexit">causes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Nigel_Farage" title="Political positions of Nigel Farage">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Nigel_Farage" title="Electoral history of Nigel Farage">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UKIP:_The_First_100_Days" title="UKIP: The First 100 Days">UKIP: The First 100 Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meet_the_Ukippers" title="Meet the Ukippers">Meet the Ukippers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election#Electoral_pacts_and_unilateral_decisions" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">Conservative pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage_Coutts_bank_scandal" title="Nigel Farage Coutts bank scandal">Coutts bank scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UKIP_Calypso" title="UKIP Calypso">UKIP Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Purple_Revolution:_The_Year_That_Changed_Everything" title="The Purple Revolution: The Year That Changed Everything">The Purple Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBC" title="LBC">The Nigel Farage Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_News" title="GB News">Farage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit:_The_Uncivil_War" title="Brexit: The Uncivil War">Brexit: The Uncivil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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.mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="UK_Independence_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#6D3177;color:#FDEE00;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UKIP" title="Template:UKIP"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FDEE00">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UKIP" title="Template talk:UKIP"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FDEE00">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UKIP" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UKIP"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FDEE00">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UK_Independence_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">UK Independence Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#6D3177;color:#FDEE00;"><div id="Leadership" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_Independence_Party_leaders" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK Independence Party leaders">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sked" title="Alan Sked">Alan Sked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Mackinlay" title="Craig Mackinlay">Craig Mackinlay</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Holmes_(politician)" title="Michael Holmes (politician)">Michael Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Titford" title="Jeffrey Titford">Jeffrey Titford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Knapman" title="Roger Knapman">Roger Knapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Pearson,_Baron_Pearson_of_Rannoch" title="Malcolm Pearson, Baron Pearson of Rannoch">Lord Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Titford" title="Jeffrey Titford">Jeffrey Titford</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_James" title="Diane James">Diane James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Crowther" title="Steve Crowther">Steve Crowther</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bolton_(British_politician)" title="Henry Bolton (British politician)">Henry Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Batten" title="Gerard Batten">Gerard Batten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Braine_(politician)" title="Richard Braine (politician)">Richard Braine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Mountain_(politician)" title="Pat Mountain (politician)">Patricia Mountain</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddy_Vachha" title="Freddy Vachha">Freddy Vachha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Hamilton_(politician)" title="Neil Hamilton (politician)">Neil Hamilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deputy Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Mackinlay" title="Craig Mackinlay">Craig Mackinlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Booth" title="Graham Booth">Graham Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nattrass" title="Mike Nattrass">Mike Nattrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Campbell_Bannerman" title="David Campbell Bannerman">David Campbell Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Monckton,_3rd_Viscount_Monckton_of_Brenchley" title="Christopher Monckton, 3rd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley">Christopher Monckton, 3rd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Whittle_(politician)" title="Peter Whittle (politician)">Peter Whittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Parker" title="Margot Parker">Margot Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Hookem" title="Mike Hookem">Mike Hookem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Mountain_(politician)" title="Pat Mountain (politician)">Patricia Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Jane" title="Rebecca Jane">Rebecca Jane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nattrass" title="Mike Nattrass">Mike Nattrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lott" title="David Lott">David Lott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrina_Holdsworth" title="Petrina Holdsworth">Petrina Holdsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Campbell_Bannerman" title="David Campbell Bannerman">David Campbell Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Whittaker_(UKIP_politician)" title="John Whittaker (UKIP politician)">John Whittaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Crowther" title="Steve Crowther">Steve Crowther</a></li> <li>Paul Oakden</li> <li>Tony McIntyre</li> <li>Kirstan Herriot</li> <li>Ben Walker</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deputy Chairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Hamilton_(politician)" title="Neil Hamilton (politician)">Neil Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_James" title="Diane James">Diane James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Evans" title="Suzanne Evans">Suzanne Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_10th_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 10th Earl of Dartmouth">William Legge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Parker" title="Margot Parker">Margot Parker</a></li> <li>Pete Muswell (interim)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treasurers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Mackinlay" title="Craig Mackinlay">Craig Mackinlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marta_Andreasen" title="Marta Andreasen">Marta Andreasen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Wheeler" title="Stuart Wheeler">Stuart Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Reid_(lawyer)" title="Andrew Reid (lawyer)">Andrew Reid</a></li> <li>Mark Harland</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#6D3177;color:#FDEE00;"><div id="Organisation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Organisation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2006 UK Independence Party leadership election">2006 leadership (Farage)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2009 UK Independence Party leadership election">2009 leadership (Pearson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2010 UK Independence Party leadership election">2010 leadership (Farage)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July%E2%80%93September_2016_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="July–September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election">July–September 2016 leadership (James)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October%E2%80%93November_2016_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="October–November 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election">October–November 2016 leadership (Nuttall)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 UK Independence Party leadership election">2017 leadership (Bolton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2018 UK Independence Party leadership election">2018 leadership (Batten)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2019 UK Independence Party leadership election">2019 leadership (Braine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 UK Independence Party leadership election">2020 leadership (Vachha)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2021 UK Independence Party leadership election">2021 leadership (Hamilton)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2024_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2024 UK Independence Party leadership election (page does not exist)">2024 leadership election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International affiliations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party_representation_and_election_results" title="UK Independence Party representation and election results">National Electoral Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalist_League" title="Anti-Federalist League">Anti-Federalist League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breakaway groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veritas_(political_party)" title="Veritas (political party)">Veritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Deal_(British_political_party)" title="New Deal (British political party)">New Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_London" title="One London">One London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Alliance" title="Brexit Alliance">Brexit Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Demand_a_Referendum_Now" title="We Demand a Referendum Now">We Demand a Referendum Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_from_Europe" title="Independence from Europe">Independence from Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Independents" title="Thurrock Independents">Thurrock Independents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Britain_Movement" title="For Britain Movement">For Britain Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK">Brexit Party/Reform UK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#6D3177;color:#FDEE00;"><div id="Political_representation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political representation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former MEPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Agnew" title="Stuart Agnew">Stuart Agnew</a> (voted out)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Aker" title="Tim Aker">Tim Aker</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marta_Andreasen" title="Marta Andreasen">Marta Andreasen</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Arnott" title="Jonathan Arnott">Jonathan Arnott</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Atkinson" title="Janice Atkinson">Janice Atkinson</a> (expelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amjad_Bashir" title="Amjad Bashir">Amjad Bashir</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Batten" title="Gerard Batten">Gerard Batten</a> (voted out)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Bloom" title="Godfrey Bloom">Godfrey Bloom</a> (expelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Booth" title="Graham Booth">Graham Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bours" title="Louise Bours">Louise Bours</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bufton" title="John Bufton">John Bufton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bullock" title="Jonathan Bullock">Jonathan Bullock</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Campbell_Bannerman" title="David Campbell Bannerman">David Campbell Bannerman</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Carver" title="James Carver">James Carver</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Clark" title="Derek Clark">Derek Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Coburn_(politician)" title="David Coburn (politician)">David Coburn</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Colman" title="Trevor Colman">Trevor Colman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_10th_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 10th Earl of Dartmouth">William Dartmouth</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Etheridge" title="Bill Etheridge">Bill Etheridge</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Finch" title="Ray Finch">Ray Finch</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Gill" title="Nathan Gill">Nathan Gill</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Helmer" title="Roger Helmer">Roger Helmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Holmes_(politician)" title="Michael Holmes (politician)">Michael Holmes</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Hookem" title="Mike Hookem">Mike Hookem</a> (voted out)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_James" title="Diane James">Diane James</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kilroy-Silk" title="Robert Kilroy-Silk">Robert Kilroy-Silk</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Knapman" title="Roger Knapman">Roger Knapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Mote" title="Ashley Mote">Ashley Mote</a> (expelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nattrass" title="Mike Nattrass">Mike Nattrass</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Flynn" title="Patrick O'Flynn">Patrick O'Flynn</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Reid" title="Julia Reid">Julia Reid</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Sinclaire" title="Nikki Sinclaire">Nikki Sinclaire</a> (expelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Titford" title="Jeffrey Titford">Jeffrey Titford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Whittaker_(UKIP_politician)" title="John Whittaker (UKIP politician)">John Whittaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wise_(politician)" title="Tom Wise (politician)">Tom Wise</a> (expelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Woolfe" title="Steven Woolfe">Steven Woolfe</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Collins" title="Jane Collins">Jane Collins</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Parker" title="Margot Parker">Margot Parker</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Seymour" title="Jill Seymour">Jill Seymour</a> (defected)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former MPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Carswell" title="Douglas Carswell">Douglas Carswell</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Reckless" title="Mark Reckless">Mark Reckless</a> (voted out)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Spink" title="Bob Spink">Bob Spink</a> (voted out)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Political parties in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Political parties in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political parties in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">Political parties in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Legislatures_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Legislatures of the United Kingdom">Legislatures of the United Kingdom</a> (and their current compositions)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> (650)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> (404, including 43 <a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Co-operative_Party" title="Labour and Co-operative Party">Labour Co-op</a>*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> (121)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> (72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">SNP</a> (9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a>† (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">DUP</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK">Reform</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green (E&W)</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">SDLP</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">TUV</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">UUP</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> (13)‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> (806)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> (273)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbencher" title="Crossbencher">Crossbenchers</a> (185)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> (187)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> (78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">DUP</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">UUP</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green (E&W)</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Speaker" title="Lord Speaker">Lord Speaker</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-affiliated_members_of_the_House_of_Lords#List_of_Non-affiliated_Peers" title="Non-affiliated members of the House of Lords">Non-affiliated</a> (43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-affiliated_members_of_the_House_of_Lords#List_of_Independent_Peers" title="Non-affiliated members of the House of Lords">Independents</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lords_Spiritual" title="Lords Spiritual">Lords Spiritual</a> (25)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a> (129)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> (63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Conservatives" title="Scottish Conservatives">Scottish Conservatives</a> (31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour">Scottish Labour</a> (22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Greens" title="Scottish Greens">Scottish Greens</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Liberal_Democrats" title="Scottish Liberal Democrats">Scottish Liberal Democrats</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alba_Party" title="Alba Party">Alba</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presiding_Officer_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament">Presiding Officer</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a> (60)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">Welsh Labour</a> (30)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Conservatives" title="Welsh Conservatives">Welsh Conservatives</a> (16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> (12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Liberal_Democrats" title="Welsh Liberal Democrats">Welsh Liberal Democrats</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland Assembly</a> (90)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (27)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">DUP</a> (24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance</a> (17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist</a> (9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">SDLP</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Unionist" title="Independent Unionist">Independent Unionists</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">Traditional Unionist Voice</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Before_Profit" title="People Before Profit">People Before Profit</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Nationalist" title="Independent Nationalist">Independent Nationalist</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a> (25)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Labour" title="London Labour">London Labour</a> (11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Conservatives" title="London Conservatives">London Conservatives</a> (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Green_Party" title="London Green Party">London Greens</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Liberal_Democrats" title="London Liberal Democrats">London Liberal Democrats</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK">Reform UK</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolish_the_Welsh_Assembly_Party" title="Abolish the Welsh Assembly Party">Abolish the Welsh Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_Party" title="Animal Welfare Party">Animal Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspire_(political_party)" title="Aspire (political party)">Aspire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_First" title="Britain First">Britain First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Peoples_Alliance" title="Christian Peoples Alliance">Christian Peoples Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Democrats" title="English Democrats">English Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_Northern_Ireland" title="Green Party Northern Ireland">Green (NI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Party_(UK)" title="Heritage Party (UK)">Heritage Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Justice_%26_Anti-Corruption_Party" title="The Justice & Anti-Corruption Party">Justice & Anti-Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK,_1989)" title="Liberal Party (UK, 1989)">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire_Independents" title="Lincolnshire Independents">Lincolnshire Independents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propel_(political_party)" title="Propel (political party)">Propel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaim_Party" title="Reclaim Party">Reclaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejoin_EU" title="Rejoin EU">Rejoin EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1990%E2%80%93present)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)">Social Democratic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">UKIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Equality_Party" title="Women's Equality Party">Women's Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_Britain" title="Workers Party of Britain">Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Party" title="Yorkshire Party">Yorkshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">*<a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Party" title="Co-operative Party">Co-operative Party</a> candidates stand jointly with the Labour Party. ‡5 independent MPs work together in the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Alliance_(UK)" title="Independent Alliance (UK)">Independent Alliance</a> <a href="/wiki/Technical_group" title="Technical group">technical group</a>. †Sinn Féin have elected members and offices at Westminster, but as <a href="/wiki/Abstentionism" title="Abstentionism">abstentionists</a> do not take their seats.</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_representation" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom by representation">List of political parties by representation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Northern_Ireland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_parties_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Template:Political parties in Northern Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_parties_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Template talk:Political parties in Northern Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_parties_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political parties in Northern Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Northern_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Northern_Ireland" title="List of political parties in Northern Ireland">Political parties in Northern Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (Northern Ireland)">MLAs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland Assembly</a> (90)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Unionist</a> (37)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> (25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> (9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">Traditional Unionist Voice</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Unionist" title="Independent Unionist">Independent</a> (2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Nationalist</a> (35)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (27)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> (8)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (18)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party of Northern Ireland</a> (17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Before_Profit" title="People Before Profit">People Before Profit</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MPs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> (18 of 650)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a>† (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party of Northern Ireland</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">Traditional Unionist Voice</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Easton" title="Alex Easton">Independent</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Councillor" title="Councillor">Councillors</a> in <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Local government in Northern Ireland">local unitary authorities</a> (462)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (144)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> (122)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party of Northern Ireland</a> (67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> (54)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> (39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">Traditional Unionist Voice</a> (9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_Northern_Ireland" title="Green Party Northern Ireland">Green Party Northern Ireland</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Before_Profit" title="People Before Profit">People Before Profit</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Unionist_Party" title="Progressive Unionist Party">Progressive Unionist Party</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">†Sinn Féin have elected members and offices at Westminster, but as <a href="/wiki/Abstentionism" title="Abstentionism">abstentionists</a> do not take their seats.</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Politics of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Elections in Northern Ireland">Elections in Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">List of political parties by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nationalism_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nationalism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Nationalism in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nationalism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Nationalism in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nationalism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nationalism in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nationalism_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_national_identity" title="British national identity">British national identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationalism" title="British nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalism" title="Loyalism">Loyalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Far-right politics in the United Kingdom">Far-right</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_fascism" title="British fascism">Fascism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Unionism in the United Kingdom">Unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Federalism in the United Kingdom">Federalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britain_First" title="Britain First">Britain First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britannica_Party" title="Britannica Party">Britannica Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Democratic_Party_(2013)" title="British Democratic Party (2013)">British Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candour_(magazine)" title="Candour (magazine)">Candour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_GB" title="Liberty GB">Liberty GB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Alternative" title="Patriotic Alternative">Patriotic Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">Traditional Unionist Voice</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">UK Independence Party</a></li></ul> Does not include organisations focused on <a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Unionism in the United Kingdom">Unionism</a> which do not mention <a href="/wiki/British_nationalism" title="British nationalism">British nationalism</a> in their official makeup. </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cornish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Assembly" title="Cornish Assembly">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_nationalism" title="Cornish nationalism">Nationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mebyon_Kernow" title="Mebyon Kernow">Mebyon Kernow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">English</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_national_identity" title="English national identity">English national identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_nationalism" title="English nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_independence" title="English independence">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devolved_English_parliament" title="Devolved English parliament">Devolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devolution_to_the_North_of_England" title="Devolution to the North of England">North of England</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_England" title="Unionism in England">Unionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Constitution_Party" title="English Constitution Party">English Constitution Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Democrats" title="English Democrats">English Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Irish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Irish_nationalists" title="Protestant Irish nationalists">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">Unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Unionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_unionist" title="Catholic unionist">Catholic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aont%C3%BA" title="Aontú">Aontú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ir%C3%ADg%C3%AD" title="Éirígí">Éirígí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Socialist_Party" title="Irish Republican Socialist Party">Irish Republican Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Republican Sinn Féin">Republican Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoradh" title="Saoradh">Saoradh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scottish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_national_identity" title="Scottish national identity">Scottish national identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_devolution" title="Scottish devolution">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_republicanism" title="Scottish republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Scotland" title="Unionism in Scotland">Unionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alba_Party" title="Alba Party">Alba Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siol_nan_Gaidheal" title="Siol nan Gaidheal">Siol nan Gaidheal</a></li></ul> Does not include organisations supportive of <a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Unionism in the United Kingdom">Unionism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Scottish independence</a> without mentioning nationalism in their official makeup. </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ulster</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_nationalism" title="Ulster nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_loyalism" title="Ulster loyalism">Loyalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partitionism" title="Partitionism">Partitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_nations_theory_(Ireland)" title="Two nations theory (Ireland)">Two nations theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Third_Way" title="Ulster Third Way">Ulster Third Way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Welsh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_national_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh national identity">Welsh national identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_devolution" title="Welsh devolution">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_republicanism" title="Welsh republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Wales" title="Unionism in Wales">Unionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwlad" title="Gwlad">Gwlad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propel_(political_party)" title="Propel (political party)">Propel</a></li></ul> Does not include organisations supportive of <a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Unionism in the United Kingdom">Unionism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Welsh independence</a> without mentioning nationalism in their official makeup. </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum" title="Template:2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum" title="Template talk:2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum" title="2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum">2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum,_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Results of the United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011">Results</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Referendum question</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">"At present, the UK uses the “first past the post” system to elect MPs to the House of Commons. Should the “alternative vote” system be used instead?"</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Voting_System_and_Constituencies_Act_2011" title="Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011">Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em">For a "Yes" vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Party_(UK)" title="Christian Party (UK)">Christian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Peoples_Alliance" title="Christian Peoples Alliance">Christian Peoples Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Democrats" title="English Democrats">English Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK,_1989)" title="Liberal Party (UK, 1989)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebyon_Kernow" title="Mebyon Kernow">Mebyon Kernow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_UK" title="Pirate Party UK">Pirate Party UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Greens" title="Scottish Greens">Scottish Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">SDLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">UKIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(UK)" title="Libertarian Party (UK)">Libertarian Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em">Neutral/split</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Socialist Party of Great Britain">Socialist Party of Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Monster_Raving_Loony_Party" title="Official Monster Raving Loony Party">Official Monster Raving Loony Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em">For a "No" vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Britain" title="Communist Party of Britain">Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_First_Party" title="England First Party">England First Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_Northern_Ireland" title="Green Party Northern Ireland">Green Party Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respect_Party" title="Respect Party">Respect Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(England_and_Wales)" title="Socialist Party (England and Wales)">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">Traditional Unionist Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advocacy groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em">Advocating a "Yes" vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YES!_To_Fairer_Votes" title="YES! To Fairer Votes">YES! To Fairer Votes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em">Advocating a "No" vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NOtoAV" title="NOtoAV">NOtoAV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Print media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em">For a "Yes" vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em">For a "No" vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)" title="The Sun (United Kingdom)">The Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard" title="Evening Standard">Evening Standard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Far-right_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_far_right" title="Template:UK far right"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_far_right" title="Template talk:UK far right"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_far_right" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK far right"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Far-right_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Far-right politics in the United Kingdom">Far-right politics in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1945 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Brothers%27_League" title="British Brothers' League">British Brothers' League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fascists" title="British Fascists">British Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_People%27s_Party_(1939)" title="British People's Party (1939)">British People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Union_of_Fascists" title="British Union of Fascists">British Union of Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Britons" title="The Britons">The Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_Publishing_Society" title="Britons Publishing Society">Britons Publishing Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Array" title="English Array">English Array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Mistery" title="English Mistery">English Mistery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_National_Association" title="English National Association">English National Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Fascist_League" title="Imperial Fascist League">Imperial Fascist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Link_(UK_organization)" title="The Link (UK organization)">The Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militant_Christian_Patriots" title="Militant Christian Patriots">Militant Christian Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascisti" title="National Fascisti">National Fascisti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(UK,_1917)" title="National Party (UK, 1917)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League" title="National Socialist League">National Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_League" title="Nordic League">Nordic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Club" title="Right Club">Right Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct post-1945 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Democratic_Party_(1979)" title="British Democratic Party (1979)">British Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Party" title="British Empire Party">British Empire Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Freedom_Party" title="British Freedom Party">British Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_People%27s_Party_(2005)" title="British People's Party (2005)">British People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_League_of_Ex-Servicemen_and_Women" title="British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women">British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_League_of_Rights" title="British League of Rights">British League of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party_(1960)" title="British National Party (1960)">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_88" title="Column 88">Column 88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democratic_Alliance" title="Conservative Democratic Alliance">Conservative Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Movement" title="Constitutional Movement">Constitutional Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_First_Party" title="England First Party">England First Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberation_Front" title="European Liberation Front">European Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Group" title="Flag Group">Flag Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Britain_Movement" title="For Britain Movement">For Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_Lads_Alliance" title="Football Lads Alliance">Football Lads Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Britain_Movement" title="Greater Britain Movement">Greater Britain Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Third_Position" title="International Third Position">International Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Empire_Loyalists" title="League of Empire Loyalists">League of Empire Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_GB" title="Liberty GB">Liberty GB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1966)" title="National Democratic Party (UK, 1966)">National Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democrats_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Democrats (United Kingdom)">National Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fellowship" title="National Fellowship">National Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Independence_Party_(UK)" title="National Independence Party (UK)">National Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labour_Party_(UK,_1957)" title="National Labour Party (UK, 1957)">National Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(UK,_1976)" title="National Party (UK, 1976)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Action_Party" title="National Socialist Action Party">National Socialist Action Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(UK,_1962)" title="National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Alliance" title="Nationalist Alliance">Nationalist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Britain_Party" title="New Britain Party">New Britain Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nationalist_Party_(UK)" title="New Nationalist Party (UK)">New Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_League_(British_neo-Nazi_organisation)" title="Northern League (British neo-Nazi organisation)">Northern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_National_Front" title="Official National Front">Official National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Party_(UK)" title="Patriotic Party (UK)">Patriotic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_Preservation_Society" title="Racial Preservation Society">Racial Preservation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Conservative_Caucus" title="Revolutionary Conservative Caucus">Revolutionary Conservative Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearhead_(magazine)" title="Spearhead (magazine)">Spearhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Movement" title="Union Movement">Union Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Country_Party_(United_Kingdom)" title="United Country Party (United Kingdom)">United Country Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Defence_League" title="White Defence League">White Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Nationalist_Party" title="White Nationalist Party">White Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Goals_Institute" title="Western Goals Institute">Western Goals Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_far-right_groups_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="List of British far-right groups (1945–present)">Active groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_First" title="Britain First">Britain First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Democratic_Party_(2013)" title="British Democratic Party (2013)">British Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/BNP_Youth" title="BNP Youth">BNP Youth</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Council_of_Britain" title="Christian Council of Britain">Christian Council of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_18" title="Combat 18">Combat 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Defence_League" title="English Defence League">English Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Democrats" title="English Democrats">English Democrats</a> (some members)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Oswald_Mosley" title="Friends of Oswald Mosley">Friends of Oswald Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Party_(Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Party (Britain)">Homeland Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Saint_George" title="League of Saint George">League of Saint George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Forum_(far-right_group)" title="London Forum (far-right group)">London Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1999)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1999)">National Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9th_Society" title="November 9th Society">November 9th Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Alternative" title="Patriotic Alternative">Patriotic Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Coalition" title="Protestant Coalition">Protestant Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuals_United" title="Casuals United">Pie and Mash squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_Volunteer_Force" title="Racial Volunteer Force">Racial Volunteer Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division#United_Kingdom_(Sonnenkrieg_Division)" title="Atomwaffen Division">Sonnenkrieg Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Islamisation_of_Europe" title="Stop Islamisation of Europe">Stop Islamisation of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Britain_Group" title="Traditional Britain Group">Traditional Britain Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Sophia_Allen" title="Mary Sophia Allen">Mary Sophia Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Amery" title="John Amery">John Amery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hamilton_Beamish" title="Henry Hamilton Beamish">Henry Hamilton Beamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Beckett_(politician)" title="John Beckett (politician)">John Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Russell,_12th_Duke_of_Bedford" title="Hastings Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford">Hastings Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._D._Blakeney" title="R. B. D. Blakeney">R. B. D. Blakeney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Chesterton" title="A. K. Chesterton">A. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Clarke" title="John Henry Clarke">John Henry Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Haller_Cooper" title="Thomas Haller Cooper">Thomas Haller Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Domvile" title="Barry Domvile">Barry Domvile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Drummond_Wolff_(Basingstoke_MP)" title="Henry Drummond Wolff (Basingstoke MP)">Henry Drummond Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josslyn_Hay,_22nd_Earl_of_Erroll" title="Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll">Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Evans-Gordon" title="William Evans-Gordon">William Evans-Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Forgan" title="Robert Forgan">Robert Forgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Gardiner" title="Rolf Gardiner">Rolf Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Boyle,_8th_Earl_of_Glasgow" title="Patrick Boyle, 8th Earl of Glasgow">Patrick Boyle, 8th Earl of Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Elsdale_Goad" title="Harold Elsdale Goad">Harold Elsdale Goad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Goodall" title="Reginald Goodall">Reginald Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon-Canning" title="Robert Gordon-Canning">Robert Gordon-Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Greig" title="Louis Greig">Louis Greig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Francis_Hawkins" title="Neil Francis Hawkins">Neil Francis Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._F._C._Fuller" title="J. F. C. Fuller">J. F. C. Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Joyce" title="William Joyce">William Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Leese" title="Arnold Leese">Arnold Leese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotha_Lintorn-Orman" title="Rotha Lintorn-Orman">Rotha Lintorn-Orman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_McLardy" title="Frank McLardy">Frank McLardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Mitford" title="Unity Mitford">Unity Mitford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Mosley" title="Diana Mosley">Diana Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Cynthia_Mosley" title="Lady Cynthia Mosley">Cynthia Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Oswald Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Wallop,_9th_Earl_of_Portsmouth" title="Gerard Wallop, 9th Earl of Portsmouth">Gerard Wallop, 9th Earl of Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Maule_Ramsay" title="Archibald Maule Ramsay">Archibald Maule Ramsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mitford,_2nd_Baron_Redesdale" title="David Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale">David Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliott_Verdon_Roe" title="Alliott Verdon Roe">Alliott Verdon Roe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Russell,_26th_Baron_de_Clifford" title="Edward Russell, 26th Baron de Clifford">Edward Russell, 26th Baron de Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Raven_Thomson" title="Alexander Raven Thomson">Alexander Raven Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Seton_Hutchison" title="Graham Seton Hutchison">Graham Seton Hutchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Vivian" title="Herbert Vivian">Herbert Vivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warburton_(fascist)" title="John Warburton (fascist)">John Warburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Watts_(fascist)" title="Charlie Watts (fascist)">Charlie Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesta_Helen_Webster" title="Nesta Helen Webster">Nesta Helen Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_5th_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington">Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Williamson" title="Henry Williamson">Henry Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormonde_Winter" title="Ormonde Winter">Ormonde Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Yeats-Brown" title="Francis Yeats-Brown">Francis Yeats-Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Anderson_(British_politician)" title="Ian Anderson (British politician)">Ian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Barnbrook" title="Richard Barnbrook">Richard Barnbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._F._X._Baron" title="A. F. X. Baron">A. F. X. Baron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Larratt_Battersby" title="James Larratt Battersby">James Larratt Battersby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Beackon" title="Derek Beackon">Derek Beackon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bean_(politician)" title="John Bean (politician)">John Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Birdwood,_Baroness_Birdwood" title="Jane Birdwood, Baroness Birdwood">Jane, Lady Birdwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bowden" title="Jonathan Bowden">Jonathan Bowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Brons" title="Andrew Brons">Andrew Brons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Bryan" title="Kevin Bryan">Kevin Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Buckby" title="Jack Buckby">Jack Buckby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Butler" title="Eddy Butler">Eddy Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Chesterton" title="A. K. Chesterton">A. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Collett" title="Mark Collett">Mark Collett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_London_nail_bombings#David_Copeland" title="1999 London nail bombings">David Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Cotterill" title="Mark Cotterill">Mark Cotterill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Crane" title="Nicky Crane">Nicky Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Darby" title="Simon Darby">Simon Darby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Ebanks" title="Sharon Ebanks">Sharon Ebanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edmonds" title="Richard Edmonds">Richard Edmonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Dowson" title="Jim Dowson">Jim Dowson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fountaine" title="Andrew Fountaine">Andrew Fountaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayda_Fransen" title="Jayda Fransen">Jayda Fransen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Golding" title="Paul Golding">Paul Golding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Griffin" title="Nick Griffin">Nick Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Hamm" title="Jeffrey Hamm">Jeffrey Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hancock_(publisher)" title="Anthony Hancock (publisher)">Anthony Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Harrington_(activist)" title="Patrick Harrington (activist)">Patrick Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Hill_(British_activist)" title="Ray Hill (British activist)">Ray Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Holland_(activist)" title="Derek Holland (activist)">Derek Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Holmes_(British_politician)" title="Tom Holmes (British politician)">Tom Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Hopkins" title="Katie Hopkins">Katie Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Huxley-Blythe" title="Peter Huxley-Blythe">Peter Huxley-Blythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Irving" title="David Irving">David Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Jordan" title="Colin Jordan">Colin Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raheem_Kassam" title="Raheem Kassam">Raheem Kassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kemp" title="Arthur Kemp">Arthur Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Kurtagi%C4%87" title="Alex Kurtagić">Alex Kurtagić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kingsley_Read" title="John Kingsley Read">John Kingsley Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lake_(English_Defence_League)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Lake (English Defence League)">Alan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lawson_(activist)" title="Richard Lawson (activist)">Richard Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lecomber" title="Tony Lecomber">Tony Lecomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McLaughlin_(activist)" title="Michael McLaughlin (activist)">Michael McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Morrison" title="Eddy Morrison">Eddy Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morse_(British_politician)" title="John Morse (British politician)">John Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Myatt" title="David Myatt">David Myatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Brien_(British_politician)" title="John O'Brien (British politician)">John O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Painter" title="Roy Painter">Roy Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neema_Parvini" title="Neema Parvini">Neema Parvini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Pearson_(anthropologist)" title="Roger Pearson (anthropologist)">Roger Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Pirie" title="Denis Pirie">Denis Pirie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Quinn_(neo-Nazi)" title="Kevin Quinn (neo-Nazi)">Kevin Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Reed_Herbert" title="Anthony Reed Herbert">Anthony Reed Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Relf" title="Robert Relf">Robert Relf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Renshaw_(terrorist)" title="Jack Renshaw (terrorist)">Jack Renshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Woes" title="Millennial Woes">Colin Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Robinson" title="Tommy Robinson">Tommy Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Row" title="Robert Row">Robert Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sheppard_(activist)" title="Simon Sheppard (activist)">Simon Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Smith_(far-right_activist)" title="Kenny Smith (far-right activist)">Kenny Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_Southgate" title="Troy Southgate">Troy Southgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Stuart_Donaldson" title="Ian Stuart Donaldson">Ian Stuart Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Thompson_(politician)" title="Keith Thompson (politician)">Keith Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(far-right_activist)" title="John Tyndall (far-right activist)">John Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Verrall" title="Richard Verrall">Richard Verrall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Walker_(British_politician)" title="Adam Walker (British politician)">Adam Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Waters" title="Anne Marie Waters">Anne Marie Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Webster" title="Martin Webster">Martin Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_West_(politician)" title="Robert West (politician)">Robert West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Weston_(politician)" title="Paul Weston (politician)">Paul Weston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Williamson" title="Graham Williamson">Graham Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Wingfield" title="Martin Wingfield">Martin Wingfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Graeme_Wood" title="John Graeme Wood">John Graeme Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-German_Fellowship" title="Anglo-German Fellowship">Anglo-German Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cable_Street" title="Battle of Cable Street">Battle of Cable Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="British Fascism">British Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party_election_results" title="British National Party election results">British National Party election results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliveden_set" title="Cliveden set">Cliveden set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_a_Nation" title="Europe a Nation">Europe a Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_fascist_parties" title="List of British fascist parties">List of British fascist parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)_election_results" title="National Front (UK) election results">National Front election results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Maintenance_of_Supplies" title="Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies">Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Soldier" title="Political Soldier">Political Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active notable publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candour_(magazine)" title="Candour (magazine)">Candour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwatch" title="Redwatch">Redwatch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid 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alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/21px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/42px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">UK Independence Party at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:UK_Independence_Party" class="extiw" title="c:Category:UK Independence Party">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independence_Party" class="extiw" title="n:United Kingdom Independence Party">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10647" class="extiw" title="d:Q10647">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10647#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10647#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10647#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/147958869">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1041406436">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2005073351">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2016927176&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007416361205171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/GcWDomat">UK Parliament</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/178400688">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UK_Independence_Party&oldid=1257372040">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UK_Independence_Party&oldid=1257372040</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_Independence_Party" title="Category:UK Independence 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[\"CITEREFConsidère-Charon2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCount_Dankula2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCuttsGoodwinMilazzo2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDa_Silva2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDalton2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeaconWring2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeaconWring2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeans2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeans2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDearden2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDennisonGoodwin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDolezal2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDominiczak2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDriver2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuffield2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDye2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElgot,_Jessica2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElgotWalkerHalliday2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEtheridge2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvansMellon2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarage2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarage2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeeney2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFomina2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFordGoodwin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFordGoodwin2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFordGoodwinCutts2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGabbatt2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGavin\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodwin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodwin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodwinMilazzo2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrice2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHalliday2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHartley-Parkinson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHartley2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHavlíkHloušekKaniok2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHayton2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeffer2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeywood2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHope2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunt2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutcheon2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJane_Merrick,_John_Rentoul2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnston2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJordan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiebert2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLumbyPilgrim2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLynchWhitaker2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLynchWhitakerLoomes2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLytton2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacMillan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacmillan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaidment2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMance2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMason2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMason2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMasonWatt2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMassie2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMellonEvans2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilmo2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoldoveanu2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorgan\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMorris2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoufahimParsonsRees2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMycockHayton2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNevett2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNordsieck2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Leary2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Reilly2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOppenheim2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsborne2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPai2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPallant2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParveen\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPayne2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhinnemoreMcGowan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPickardStaceyBarker2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPisano2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPitel2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPotter2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuinn2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuinn2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRead\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReckless2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReed2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReynolds2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRooksby2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSabin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchindler2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFServini2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilk2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaab2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStewartMason2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSyal2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTempest2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThorlakson2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTournier-Sol2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTowler2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTownsend2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrilling2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUsherwood2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUsherwood2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUsherwood2016a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVargas2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVoceLeachClarkeKommenda\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalawalkar2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWalkerHalliday2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatt2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWebbBalePoletti2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhannel2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWheatcroft2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitakerLynch2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitehead2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWigmore2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWigmore2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkinson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWingate2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinlowHallTreadwell2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWithers2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodhouse2011\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"British political parties\"] = 1,\n [\"Bulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 19,\n [\"Cite contribution\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 24,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 155,\n [\"Cite tweet\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 78,\n [\"Color box\"] = 2,\n [\"Composition bar\"] = 14,\n [\"Decrease\"] = 11,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"Increase\"] = 22,\n [\"Infobox Political post\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox political party\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"N/a\"] = 9,\n [\"Nationalism in the United Kingdom\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nigel Farage\"] = 1,\n [\"No2\"] = 5,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Party color\"] = 55,\n [\"Political parties in Northern Ireland\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-semi\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 3,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refn\"] = 3,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Secondary source needed\"] = 1,\n [\"See\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 214,\n [\"Sfnm\"] = 39,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Steady\"] = 10,\n [\"Subject bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Subscription required\"] = 1,\n [\"Sup\"] = 2,\n [\"UK far right\"] = 1,\n [\"UKIP\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 2,\n [\"United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 28,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","480","19.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","400","16.3"],["?","240","9.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","200","8.1"],["(for generator)","120","4.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","120","4.9"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","4.1"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","3.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","60","2.4"],["type","60","2.4"],["[others]","600","24.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-6696b4cc84-zr55c","timestamp":"20241122221832","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"UK Independence 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