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id="toc-Erosion_prevention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erosion_prevention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Erosion prevention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erosion_prevention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artificial_surfing_reefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artificial_surfing_reefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Artificial surfing reefs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artificial_surfing_reefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recreational_dive_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreational_dive_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Recreational dive sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recreational_dive_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Environmental concerns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environmental_concerns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Environmental concerns subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Environmental_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Changing_populations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changing_populations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Changing populations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changing_populations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Debris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Toxicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toxicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Examples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Florida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Florida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Florida</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Florida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Osborne_Reef" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osborne_Reef"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Osborne Reef</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osborne_Reef-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neptune_Reef" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neptune_Reef"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Neptune Reef</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neptune_Reef-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ex-USS_Massachusetts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ex-USS_Massachusetts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Ex-USS <i>Massachusetts</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ex-USS_Massachusetts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ex-USS_Oriskany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ex-USS_Oriskany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Ex-USS <i>Oriskany</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ex-USS_Oriskany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ex-USNS_Hoyt_S._Vandenberg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ex-USNS_Hoyt_S._Vandenberg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.5</span> <span>Ex-USNS <i>Hoyt S. Vandenberg</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ex-USNS_Hoyt_S._Vandenberg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ex-USS_Spiegel_Grove" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ex-USS_Spiegel_Grove"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.6</span> <span>Ex-USS <i>Spiegel Grove</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ex-USS_Spiegel_Grove-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Georgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Georgia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-L_Reef" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L_Reef"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>L Reef</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L_Reef-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Carolina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Carolina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>North Carolina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Carolina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ex-USS_Yancey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ex-USS_Yancey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Ex-USS <i>Yancey</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ex-USS_Yancey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ex-USCGC_Spar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ex-USCGC_Spar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Ex-USCGC <i>Spar</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ex-USCGC_Spar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ex-USS_Indra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ex-USS_Indra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>Ex-USS <i>Indra</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ex-USS_Indra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ex-USS_Aeolus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ex-USS_Aeolus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.4</span> <span>Ex-USS <i>Aeolus</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ex-USS_Aeolus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delaware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delaware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Delaware</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delaware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Redbird_Reef" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redbird_Reef"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Redbird Reef</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redbird_Reef-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-British_Columbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Columbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>British Columbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Columbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cancun_Underwater_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancun_Underwater_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.1</span> <span>Cancun Underwater Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancun_Underwater_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Costa_Rica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Costa_Rica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Costa Rica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Costa_Rica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Curacao" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Curacao"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Curacao</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Curacao-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saba_and_Statia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saba_and_Statia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Saba and Statia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saba_and_Statia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gibraltar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gibraltar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Gibraltar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gibraltar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Temple_Reef" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temple_Reef"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12.1</span> <span>Temple Reef</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temple_Reef-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dubai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dubai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>Dubai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dubai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aqaba,_Jordan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aqaba,_Jordan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.14</span> <span>Aqaba, Jordan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aqaba,_Jordan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.15</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lebanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.16</span> <span>Lebanon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lebanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.17</span> <span>Malta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Artificial reef</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="شعاب اصطناعي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعاب اصطناعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Изкуствен риф – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изкуствен риф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCnstliches_Riff" title="Künstliches Riff – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Künstliches Riff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifipall" title="Rifipall – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rifipall" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrecife_artificial" title="Arrecife artificial – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arrecife artificial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="صخره مرجانی مصنوعی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صخره مرجانی مصنوعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9cif_artificiel" title="Récif artificiel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Récif artificiel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5_%EC%96%B4%EC%B4%88" title="인공 어초 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인공 어초" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9" title="Արհեստական խութ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արհեստական խութ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terumbu_karang_buatan" title="Terumbu karang buatan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Terumbu karang buatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barriera_artificiale" title="Barriera artificiale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Barriera artificiale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificieel_rif" title="Artificieel rif – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Artificieel rif" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Human-made underwater structure that functions as a reef</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Pontchartrain_Basin_Foundation_Reef_Balls,_close.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lake_Pontchartrain_Basin_Foundation_Reef_Balls%2C_close.jpg/220px-Lake_Pontchartrain_Basin_Foundation_Reef_Balls%2C_close.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lake_Pontchartrain_Basin_Foundation_Reef_Balls%2C_close.jpg/330px-Lake_Pontchartrain_Basin_Foundation_Reef_Balls%2C_close.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lake_Pontchartrain_Basin_Foundation_Reef_Balls%2C_close.jpg/440px-Lake_Pontchartrain_Basin_Foundation_Reef_Balls%2C_close.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>Reef balls are just one type of structure used in the construction of artificial reefs.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>artificial reef</b> (<b>AR</b>) is a human-created freshwater or marine <a href="/wiki/Benthic" class="mw-redirect" title="Benthic">benthic</a> structure.<sup id="cite_ref-Seaman2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seaman2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically built in areas with a generally featureless bottom to promote <a href="/wiki/Marine_biology#Reefs" title="Marine biology">marine life</a>, it may be intended to control <a href="#Erosion_prevention">erosion</a>, protect coastal areas, block ship passage, block the use of <a href="/wiki/Trawling" title="Trawling">trawling</a> nets,<sup id="cite_ref-Gray_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> support reef restoration, improve <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a>, or enhance <a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">scuba diving</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Airoldi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Airoldi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early artificial reefs were built by the Persians and the Romans. </p><p>An opportunity artificial reef is built from objects that were intended for other purposes,<sup id="cite_ref-Carral_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carral-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as sinking oil rigs (through the <a href="/wiki/Rigs-to-Reefs" title="Rigs-to-Reefs">Rigs-to-Reefs</a> program), <a href="/wiki/Sinking_ships_for_wreck_diving_sites" title="Sinking ships for wreck diving sites">scuttling ships</a>, or by deploying <a href="/wiki/Rubble" title="Rubble">rubble</a> or <a href="/wiki/Construction_debris" class="mw-redirect" title="Construction debris">construction debris</a>. Shipwrecks may become artificial reefs when preserved on the seafloor. A conventional artificial reef uses materials such as concrete, which can be molded into specialized forms (e.g. <a href="/wiki/The_Reef_Ball_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Reef Ball Foundation">reef balls</a>). Green artificial reefs incorporate renewable and organic materials such as vegetable fibres and seashells to improve sustainability and reduce energy consumption, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-Carral_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carral-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, artificial reefs have been developed as artworks. </p><p>Artificial reefs generally provide hard surfaces where <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a> and invertebrates such as <a href="/wiki/Barnacle" title="Barnacle">barnacles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">corals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">oysters</a> attach and spaces where different sizes of fishes can hide. The accumulation of attached marine life in turn provides intricate structures and food for <a href="/wiki/Biocenose" class="mw-redirect" title="Biocenose">assemblages</a> of fish.<sup id="cite_ref-Seaman2013_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seaman2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bakx_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bakx-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ecological impact of an artificial reef depends on multiple factors including where it is situated, how it is constructed, and the ages and types of species involved.<sup id="cite_ref-Bracho-Villavicencio_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bracho-Villavicencio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Komyakova_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Komyakova-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Macura_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macura-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the artificial reefs allow for coral growth, it changes the ecosystem as the relative growth for different species is not always the same. Studies have found that macroalgal, cyanobacterial groups, and coral that are fast growing, grow in artificial reefs at different rates than they would grow in natural reefs.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Considerable research is being done into construction methods and the effects of artificial reefs.<sup id="cite_ref-Airoldi_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Airoldi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Macura_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macura-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lima_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lima-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the materials used early on are now considered undesirable.<sup id="cite_ref-Bracho-Villavicencio_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bracho-Villavicencio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2001 literature review suggested that about half of the reefs studied met their objectives.<sup id="cite_ref-Baine_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baine-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Long-term planning and ongoing management were identified as essential factors in success.<sup id="cite_ref-Baine_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baine-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brochier_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brochier-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lima_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lima-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more recent analysis of reefs world wide between 1990 and 2020 concludes that artificial reefs can be useful tools for restoring marine ecosystems if they are strategically designed to suit their specific location and its resource needs.<sup id="cite_ref-Bracho-Villavicencio_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bracho-Villavicencio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The construction of artificial reefs began in ancient times. According to historian <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Romans</a> blocked the harbor of <a href="/wiki/Lilybaeum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilybaeum">Lilybaeum</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_Punic_War" title="First Punic War">First Punic War</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthaginians</a> around 250 BC. They built an artificial reef "with stones and construction material" and put poles in the channels using "large timbers and anchors".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Knighton_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knighton-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Empire">Persians</a> blocked the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Tigris_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigris River">Tigris River</a> to thwart Arabian pirates by building an artificial reef.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Artificial reefs to increase fish yields or for <a href="/wiki/Algaculture" title="Algaculture">algaculture</a> began no later than 17th-century Japan, when rubble and rocks were used to grow <a href="/wiki/Kelp" title="Kelp">kelp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest recorded artificial reef in the United States is from the 1830s, when logs from huts were used off the coast of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> to improve fishing.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> a traditional native fishing technique known as <a href="/wiki/Fish_nest" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish nest">fish nests</a> (natively known by various names like <i>gango</i>, <i>amatong</i>, or <i>balirong</i>), is basically an artificial reef. It uses rocks and waterlogged wood to build mounds inside excavated trenches on shallow tidal waters that attract fish and crustaceans. The mounds are then harvested every few weeks during low tide by surrounding them with nets and dismantling them piece by piece. They are rebuilt after every harvest. Fish nests are often used to capture <a href="/wiki/Grouper" title="Grouper">grouper</a> <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_fish" title="Juvenile fish">fingerlings</a> to be used as seeds for <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a>. Fish nests were in common use since before 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-Johannes_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johannes-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Monteclaro_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monteclaro-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning before the 1840s, US fishermen used interlaced logs to build artificial reefs. More recently, refuse such as old refrigerators, shopping carts, ditched cars and out-of-service vending machines replaced the logs in ad hoc reefs. Officially sanctioned projects have incorporated <a href="/wiki/Ship_commissioning#Ship_decommissioning" title="Ship commissioning">decommissioned ships</a>, subway cars, battle tanks, <a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">armored personnel carriers</a>, oil drilling rigs and beehive-like reef balls.<sup id="cite_ref-ng211_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ng211-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doyle_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doyle-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purposes">Purposes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Purposes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snorkeling_Reef.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Snorkeling_Reef.JPG/220px-Snorkeling_Reef.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Snorkeling_Reef.JPG/330px-Snorkeling_Reef.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Snorkeling_Reef.JPG/440px-Snorkeling_Reef.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Artificial reefs can help increase biodiversity in an area.</figcaption></figure> <p>Artificial reef structures (ARs) have a variety of intended uses, ranging from the protection, enhancement and restoration of marine ecosystems<sup id="cite_ref-Bracho-Villavicencio_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bracho-Villavicencio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the support of human activities like fishing, recreational diving and surfing.<sup id="cite_ref-Seaman_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seaman-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artificial reefs can be used as active restoration tools to mitigate environmental damage and habitat loss, restore degraded ecosystems such as kelp forests and coral reefs, and promote biodiversity.<sup id="cite_ref-Bracho-Villavicencio_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bracho-Villavicencio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Seaman_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seaman-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fisheries management, artificial reefs may be intended to increase production of species of recreational and commercial interest,<sup id="cite_ref-Bracho-Villavicencio_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bracho-Villavicencio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> enhance fishing yield,<sup id="cite_ref-Paxton_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paxton-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and support recreational, artisanal or commercial fisheries. They may be designed to protect <a href="/wiki/Benthic" class="mw-redirect" title="Benthic">benthic</a> habitats from illegal trawling and restore fish stocks.<sup id="cite_ref-Seaman_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seaman-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They may be placed to protect against coastal erosion.<sup id="cite_ref-Bracho-Villavicencio_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bracho-Villavicencio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They may also be developed to support eco-tourism, promote recreational activities like scuba diving and surfing, and mitigate tourism pressure on corals.<sup id="cite_ref-Seaman_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seaman-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The design and construction of an artificial reef may be very different depending on its proposed location and intended goals. A reef that is designed for one purpose may be unsuitable for others. Early attempts to create artificial reefs frequently failed, or at best, met with mixed results.<sup id="cite_ref-Blacka_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blacka-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Black_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baine_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baine-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recent reviews of work from 1990-2020 suggest that a correctly implemented artificial reef, designed to fit its target ecosystem, can be useful as a tool for the restoration of marine ecosystems. Reviewers call for better before/after and control comparisons of artificial and natural reefs, increased monitoring of reefs over their lifespan, and attention to the spatial orientation, complexity, and shape of reef substrate, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-Bracho-Villavicencio_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bracho-Villavicencio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paxton_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paxton-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Seaman_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seaman-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artificial_reef_communities">Artificial reef communities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Artificial reef communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarcastic_fringehead_in_plastic_tube.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sarcastic_fringehead_in_plastic_tube.JPG/220px-Sarcastic_fringehead_in_plastic_tube.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sarcastic_fringehead_in_plastic_tube.JPG/330px-Sarcastic_fringehead_in_plastic_tube.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sarcastic_fringehead_in_plastic_tube.JPG/440px-Sarcastic_fringehead_in_plastic_tube.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1914" data-file-height="1436" /></a><figcaption>Human-created objects provide hiding places for marine life, like this <a href="/wiki/Sarcastic_fringehead" title="Sarcastic fringehead">Sarcastic fringehead</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On artificial reef structures intended for ecosystem enhancement, reef communities tend to develop in more or less predictable stages. First, where an ocean current encounters a vertical structure, it can create a <a href="/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton">plankton</a>-rich upwelling that provides a reliable feeding spot for small fish such as <a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">sardines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minnow" title="Minnow">minnows</a>, which draw in <a href="/wiki/Pelagic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelagic">pelagic</a> <a href="/wiki/Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="Predator">predators</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sharks" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharks">sharks</a>. Next come creatures seeking protection from the ocean's lethal openness—hole and crevice dwellers such as <a href="/wiki/Grouper" title="Grouper">grouper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutjanidae" title="Lutjanidae">snapper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squirrelfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Squirrelfish">squirrelfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eel" title="Eel">eels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Triggerfish" title="Triggerfish">triggerfish</a>. Opportunistic predators such as <a href="/wiki/Carangidae" title="Carangidae">jack</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barracuda" title="Barracuda">barracuda</a> also appear. Over months and years the reef structure becomes encrusted with <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunicates" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunicates">tunicates</a>, hard and soft <a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">corals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sponge" title="Sponge">sponges</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ng211_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ng211-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manta_ray_Biorock_reef.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Manta_ray_Biorock_reef.jpg/220px-Manta_ray_Biorock_reef.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Manta_ray_Biorock_reef.jpg/330px-Manta_ray_Biorock_reef.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Manta_ray_Biorock_reef.jpg/440px-Manta_ray_Biorock_reef.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>A newly constructed <a href="/wiki/Electrified_reef" title="Electrified reef">electrified reef</a> set up by <a href="/wiki/Gili_Eco_Trust" title="Gili Eco Trust">Gili Eco Trust</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Electrified_reef" title="Electrified reef">electrified reef</a> is an artificial reef where a small low voltage electric charge is applied to a sub-sea metallic structures that causes <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> to precipitate onto a metal frame onto which <a href="/wiki/Planula" title="Planula">coral planulae</a> can then attach and grow; the process also speeds up post-attachment growth.<sup id="cite_ref-GCRA_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCRA-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Goldberg_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldberg-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>3D printing technology has been employed both to create molds to optimize the environment for target species,<sup id="cite_ref-Ramos_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramos-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3Dreef_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3Dreef-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to directly create cast ceramic and concrete artificial reefs. Work has also been done to develop environmentally friendly materials.<sup id="cite_ref-Koslow_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koslow-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, Archireef has designed 3D-printed terracotta Reef Tiles, which are nontoxic, biodegradable, and have a pH-level that is compatible with coral. The tiles are small enough to be handled and installed by a diver. An installation in Hong Kong reported a 95 percent coral survival rate after three years, more than four times the survival rate of more traditional restoration methods.<sup id="cite_ref-Boyani_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyani-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Restoration and mitigation actions on artificial reefs can include activities such as coral transplantation, larval resettlement, and gardening.<sup id="cite_ref-Bracho-Villavicencio_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bracho-Villavicencio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coral_Restoration_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coral Restoration Foundation (page does not exist)">Coral Restoration Foundation</a> in the Florida Keys raises keystone species such as elkhorn (<a href="/wiki/Acropora_palmata" class="mw-redirect" title="Acropora palmata">Acropora palmata</a>) and staghorn (<a href="/wiki/Acropora_cervicornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acropora cervicornis">Acropora cervicornis</a>) in coral tree nurseries and replants the corals onto degrading coral reefs.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberson_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberson-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Application of such technologies to artificial reefs could help to restore marine ecosystems. A 2023 review article states: "The implementation of artificial reefs to restore marine ecosystems can be well done, investing resources in studies specifically aimed at determining the appropriate characteristics of ARs for each location."<sup id="cite_ref-Bracho-Villavicencio_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bracho-Villavicencio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carbon_sequestration">Carbon sequestration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Carbon sequestration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artificialreef.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Artificialreef.JPG/220px-Artificialreef.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Artificialreef.JPG/330px-Artificialreef.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Artificialreef.JPG 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Constructing an artificial reef using <a href="/wiki/Concrete_masonry_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Concrete masonry unit">concrete breeze blocks</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>There is interest in the possibility that artificial reefs can be used to support <a href="/wiki/Carbon_sequestration" title="Carbon sequestration">carbon sequestration</a> and counter <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>. Coastal vegetation ecosystems (mangrove, salt marsh, and seagrass), algal beds, and phytoplankton have been identified as potential <a href="/wiki/Carbon_sinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon sinks">carbon sinks</a>. It is hoped that increasing biomass at artificial reefs can provide another form of <a href="/wiki/Blue_carbon" title="Blue carbon">blue carbon</a> storage.<sup id="cite_ref-Shu_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shu-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jiang_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jiang-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>RGV Reef, a 1,650-acre artificial reef created in 2017 in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Texas, is being studied to assess its potential for carbon capture.<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another study area is located off Juehua Island in the <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a>. Biological, physical, social and technological factors must all be considered in calculating carbon capture flow in aquatic systems. Near Juehua Island, M-shaped artificial reefs improved hydrodynamic conditions for creating a carbon sink, but local marine species had limited availability. Development of active marine management strategies and the introduction of appropriate biological species were suggested as ways to increase carbon capture potential.<sup id="cite_ref-Shu_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shu-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Caribbean, researchers have found that the placement of <a href="/wiki/Breeze_blocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Breeze blocks">breeze blocks</a> as artificial reefs near tropical <a href="/wiki/Seagrass_meadows" class="mw-redirect" title="Seagrass meadows">seagrass meadows</a> can create a positive feedback loop. The reef structures attracted fish by providing shelter, and the fish in turn fertilized the seagrass and increased its productivity, providing both food and shelter. The combination of seagrass and reef structures provided added protection from fish nets as well as increasing biomass in the seagrass meadow.<sup id="cite_ref-Ashworth_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ashworth-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Esquivel_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esquivel-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Andskog_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andskog-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estimates suggest that Caribbean seagrass beds can provide substantial pools for global carbon.<sup id="cite_ref-Shayka_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shayka-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erosion_prevention">Erosion prevention</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Erosion prevention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oyster_reef_in_the_bay_made_from_oyster_castles,_about_60%25_complete_(22620795960).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Oyster_reef_in_the_bay_made_from_oyster_castles%2C_about_60%25_complete_%2822620795960%29.jpg/220px-Oyster_reef_in_the_bay_made_from_oyster_castles%2C_about_60%25_complete_%2822620795960%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Oyster_reef_in_the_bay_made_from_oyster_castles%2C_about_60%25_complete_%2822620795960%29.jpg/330px-Oyster_reef_in_the_bay_made_from_oyster_castles%2C_about_60%25_complete_%2822620795960%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Oyster_reef_in_the_bay_made_from_oyster_castles%2C_about_60%25_complete_%2822620795960%29.jpg/440px-Oyster_reef_in_the_bay_made_from_oyster_castles%2C_about_60%25_complete_%2822620795960%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Oyster castle reef, Gandy's Beach shoreline protection project<sup id="cite_ref-Bredes_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bredes-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Some artificial reefs are used to prevent <a href="/wiki/Coastal_erosion" title="Coastal erosion">coastal erosion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brandon_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brandon-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cusick_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cusick-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geometric and hydrodynamic properties of reefs are particularly important in determining their ability to mitigate coastal erosion.<sup id="cite_ref-Escudero_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Escudero-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kim_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artificial reefs to prevent erosion can be designed to act in multiple ways. Some are designed to force <a href="/wiki/Water_waves" class="mw-redirect" title="Water waves">waves</a> to deposit their energy offshore rather than directly on the coastline. </p><p>Other reefs are designed to hold <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a> on beaches by trapping the sediment. Reefs are generally custom-designed for each unique zone.<sup id="cite_ref-Morang_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morang-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blacka_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blacka-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Black_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some are designed to support customizable habitat for local target species as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Brandon_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brandon-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artificial_surfing_reefs">Artificial surfing reefs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Artificial surfing reefs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Multi-purpose_reef" title="Multi-purpose reef">Multi-purpose reef</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mega_sand_container.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mega_sand_container.jpg/220px-Mega_sand_container.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mega_sand_container.jpg/330px-Mega_sand_container.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mega_sand_container.jpg/440px-Mega_sand_container.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="806" /></a><figcaption>Mega sand container with a by then unprecedented size of 20 m (length) × 4.80 m (diameter) as presented in 1999 on an open day for the public at the construction site for the Gold Coast artificial reef.</figcaption></figure> <p>Some types of artificial reefs, such as surfing reefs, do not have ecosystem enhancement as a major goal. Hoppy's Reef was an early but unsuccessful attempt to create a surfing reef, off <a href="/wiki/Hermosa_Beach,_California" title="Hermosa Beach, California">Hermosa Beach, California</a> (1971).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artificial surfing reefs have been created at Cable Station Reef (<a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>, 1999)<sup id="cite_ref-Bancroft_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bancroft-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BMT_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMT-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Narrow_Neck,_Queensland" title="Narrow Neck, Queensland">Narrowneck Reef</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland" title="Gold Coast, Queensland">Gold Coast, Queensland</a>, 2000)<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Black_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chevron_Reef" title="Chevron Reef">Chevron Reef</a>, also known as Pratte's Reef (<a href="/wiki/El_Segundo,_California" title="El Segundo, California">El Segundo, California</a>, 2000, removed 2008).<sup id="cite_ref-Chevron_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chevron-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Leidersdorf_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leidersdorf-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Boscombe_Surf_Reef" title="Boscombe Surf Reef">Boscombe Surf Reef</a> (Dorset, England, 2009, closed 2011).<sup id="cite_ref-Rendle_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rendle-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The construction of artificial surfing reefs has involved a variety of structures including concrete, rock, and geotextile bags filled with sand. Life expectancy of such materials varies widely. Geotextile structures have been found to degrade more quickly than anticipated under ocean conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Borrero_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borrero-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some analysts argue that they are fundamentally flawed.<sup id="cite_ref-Gegan_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gegan-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While use of stone blocks has raised concerns about possible safety hazards for surfers,<sup id="cite_ref-Blacka_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blacka-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has been suggested that using stone may be structurally preferable.<sup id="cite_ref-Gegan_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gegan-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to improving surfing conditions, objectives of building an artificial surfing reef or <a href="/wiki/Multi-purpose_reef" title="Multi-purpose reef">multi-purpose reef</a> have included stabilizing beachfront, coastal protection and coastal research. Habitat enhancement is sometimes considered as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Loomis_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loomis-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Black_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, different materials are preferred for the construction of artificial surfing reefs and the development of reefs for ecosystem enhancement.<sup id="cite_ref-Blacka_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blacka-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2012 review of artificial reefs indicated that artificial surfing reefs performed poorly in terms of their intended purpose and successfulness, rarely achieving primary or secondary objectives of "Surfing Enhancement".<sup id="cite_ref-Blacka_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blacka-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Pratte's reef, woven polypropylene bags were used in a first phase, and woven polyester bags in a second stage<sup id="cite_ref-Blacka_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blacka-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> filling an area of approximately 1600 cubic meters.<sup id="cite_ref-redux_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redux-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area involved was too small to be successful. Even after doubling the original budget, the materials used degraded rapidly, and the resulting remediation cost more than the installation.<sup id="cite_ref-Blacka_25-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blacka-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mount Reef at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Maunganui" title="Mount Maunganui">Mount Maunganui</a> in New Zealand used more durable containers and a volume of around 6,000 cubic meters of sand. Although somewhat successful in creating waves, it too deteriorated and had to be removed.<sup id="cite_ref-redux_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redux-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maunganui_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maunganui-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Narrowneck Reef was much larger, at least 60,000 cubic meters, and was somewhat successful in its primary objective of shoreline stabilization, but less so in improving surfing.<sup id="cite_ref-Blacka_25-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blacka-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several projects in Australia have used stone to augment existing sites.<sup id="cite_ref-Gegan_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gegan-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cable Station Reef added limestone rocks to an existing reef.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Burkitts Reef on the Woongarra Coast, large boulders were broken down to fill gaps in an existing boulder and gravel reef.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Palm Beach Reef on the Gold Coast of Australia, stone boulders were used to adapt the shape of an existing breakwater and protect added sand.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another artificial stone reef, located in <a href="/wiki/Borth" title="Borth">Borth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, was designed primarily for coastal protection.<sup id="cite_ref-BMT_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMT-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gegan_58-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gegan-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Borth_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borth-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A major issue is that changes occurring in the lee of submerged reef structures are complex, not well understood, and difficult to model and predict. As of 2012, existing prototypes have been characterized as "trial or experimental only", and predictive models have not achieved "accuracy or reliability", although it has been hoped that "ongoing construction and monitoring of submerged constructed reefs (SCRs) will result in a better understanding of the processes and refined methods for predicting shoreline response".<sup id="cite_ref-Blacka_25-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blacka-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even in cases which were initially seen as successful, subsequent changes and deterioration of structures have led to poor outcomes.<sup id="cite_ref-Blacka_25-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blacka-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Surfers' expectations of artificial reefs, particularly "an expectation by the general public of consistent, quality waves during a wide range of environmental conditions" have also led to disappointment.<sup id="cite_ref-Blacka_25-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blacka-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mull_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mull-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surfing science is a relatively new field.<sup id="cite_ref-Scarfe_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scarfe-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ability to achieve consistency of surfing waves in a range of conditions in natural environments generally requires wave pre-conditioning or large scale breaking features or both. The scale of early artificial surfing reefs was too small to achieve such consistency.<sup id="cite_ref-Blacka_25-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blacka-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mead_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mead-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recreational_dive_sites">Recreational dive sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Recreational dive sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Musa_3_(13752182883).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Musa_3_%2813752182883%29.jpg/220px-Musa_3_%2813752182883%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Musa_3_%2813752182883%29.jpg/330px-Musa_3_%2813752182883%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Musa_3_%2813752182883%29.jpg/440px-Musa_3_%2813752182883%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption> Statue by <a href="/wiki/Jason_deCaires_Taylor" title="Jason deCaires Taylor">Jason deCaires Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museo_Subacu%C3%A1tico_de_Arte" class="mw-redirect" title="Museo Subacuático de Arte">Museo Subacuático de Arte</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EDP_ArtReef_by_Vhils,_Lisboa_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/EDP_ArtReef_by_Vhils%2C_Lisboa_01.jpg/220px-EDP_ArtReef_by_Vhils%2C_Lisboa_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/EDP_ArtReef_by_Vhils%2C_Lisboa_01.jpg/330px-EDP_ArtReef_by_Vhils%2C_Lisboa_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/EDP_ArtReef_by_Vhils%2C_Lisboa_01.jpg/440px-EDP_ArtReef_by_Vhils%2C_Lisboa_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1714" data-file-height="1286" /></a><figcaption>Artwork for the creation of Artreef, Albufeira</figcaption></figure> <p>Thousands of popular <a href="/wiki/Wreck_diving" title="Wreck diving">wreck diving</a> sites throughout the world are shipwrecks sunk as artificial reefs.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these wrecks were <a href="/wiki/Sinking_ships_for_wreck_diving_sites" title="Sinking ships for wreck diving sites">sunk deliberately to attract divers</a>. The <a href="/wiki/USS_Spiegel_Grove" title="USS Spiegel Grove">USS <i>Spiegel Grove</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Oriskany" title="USS Oriskany">USS <i>Oriskany</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Indra" title="USS Indra">USS <i>Indra</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Aeolus_(ARC-3)" title="USS Aeolus (ARC-3)">USS <i>Aeolus</i></a> in North Carolina, and <a href="/wiki/MV_Bianca_C." title="MV Bianca C."><i>Bianca C.</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> draw thousands of divers annually.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In other areas, dive sites have been developed in collaboration with artists as artworks. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Museo_Subacu%C3%A1tico_de_Arte" class="mw-redirect" title="Museo Subacuático de Arte">Museo Subacuático de Arte</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Canc%C3%BAn_National_Marine_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancún National Marine Park">Cancún National Marine Park</a> contains hundreds of life-size statues, offering divers an alternative to sensitive coral reefs in the region. Each statue is made from a plaster mold of a living person, using a PH neutral "marine cement", by <a href="/wiki/Jason_deCaires_Taylor" title="Jason deCaires Taylor">Jason deCaires Taylor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Perdomo_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perdomo-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Lisbon, 13 artworks by Alexandre Farto (<a href="/wiki/Vhils" title="Vhils">Vhils</a>) will be placed in an artificial reef off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Albufeira" title="Albufeira">Albufeira</a> as of June 2024. The works are made from parts of decommissioned power stations.<sup id="cite_ref-Romano_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romano-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study in Barbados showed a marked variation in diver satisfaction with artificial reef diving experiences. Novice divers tended to be more satisfied than more experienced divers, who had a strong preference for natural reefs and large shipwrecks. <sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_concerns">Environmental concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Environmental concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Environmental concerns about artificial reefs include possible physical damage to existing natural sites in the installation area; their potential to disrupt existing patterns of marine life by introducing non-native species and by attracting fish, eggs and larvae from surrounding natural habitats; their potential to concentrate fish in areas where it becomes easier to catch them, leading to <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a> and long-term damage to fisheries; and the potential for the materials used in artificial reefs to <a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">degrade</a> and cause damage to the natural habitat. This can include <a href="/wiki/Toxicity" title="Toxicity">toxicity</a> from contaminants such as <a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">paint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">oil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Plastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastics">plastics</a>, as well as parts of the reef breaking away and becoming ocean waste or washing onto natural reefs and beaches.<sup id="cite_ref-Bracho-Villavicencio_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bracho-Villavicencio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Changing_populations">Changing populations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Changing populations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many marine organisms exhibit a high degree of movement or dispersal.<sup id="cite_ref-Karnauskas_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karnauskas-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fish attracted to artificial reef zones vary from reef to reef depending on the reef's age, size and structure.<sup id="cite_ref-Perkol_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perkol-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Preferred habitats vary both between and within species, depending on an organism's developmental stage and behavior. Environments that are well-suited to larval to juvenile stages may differ from those favored by adults. For example, 1-2 year old Red Snapper (<i><a href="/wiki/Lutjanus_campechanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutjanus campechanus">Lutjanus campechanus</a></i>), show a much higher attraction to living in vertical artificial reef structures than older Red Snapper. By ages 6–8, adults return to muddy and sand bottom habitats, which provide a home for the species' pelagic larval phase. Being aware of how organisms relate to the marine habitat is critical to mapping marine resources and understanding how artificial reefs affect marine processes.<sup id="cite_ref-Karnauskas_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karnauskas-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The siting of artificial reefs should consider the presence of existing natural habitats and the needs of species at multiple developmental stages, including the need for reproductive and early stage habitat.<sup id="cite_ref-Ceccarelli_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ceccarelli-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Karnauskas_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karnauskas-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Spinner_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spinner-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The opportunistic use of <a href="/wiki/Shipwreck" title="Shipwreck">shipwrecks</a> and oil derricks<sup id="cite_ref-Bull_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bull-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McKinney_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinney-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as artificial reefs creates a new <a href="/wiki/Trophic_level" title="Trophic level">trophic structure</a> for the local <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystem</a>. The trophic structure of artificial and natural reefs has been shown to differ strongly.<sup id="cite_ref-Simon_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simon-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artificial reefs do not develop the same functions and diversity as natural reefs over time, unless their structure is similar to natural reefs.<sup id="cite_ref-Perkol_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perkol-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the Sint Eustatius reef, nearly 200 years old, has developed a diverse and healthy ecosystem, but it has different and less abundant coral species than a nearby natural reef.<sup id="cite_ref-Urquhart_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urquhart-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hill_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result, artificial reefs can unbalance the natural ecosystem and affect nearby habitats,<sup id="cite_ref-Simon_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simon-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in some cases attracting non-native and invasive species that disrupt local ecosystems.<sup id="cite_ref-Schulze_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schulze-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, at Palmyra Atoll south of Hawaii, iron leaching from a shipwreck led to increases in algae and a sea anemone called a corallimorph, smothering existing coral to create a "black reef".<sup id="cite_ref-Joosse_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joosse-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Artificial reefs can show quick increases in local fish population,<sup id="cite_ref-Polovina_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polovina-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reef</a><sup id="cite_ref-Prabowo_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prabowo-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a> growth.<sup id="cite_ref-Marsden_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marsden-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the attraction–production dilemma is the question of whether local increases in fish stocks result from broader-area distributional changes in populations (the attraction hypothesis) or increases in local production (the production hypothesis).<sup id="cite_ref-Roa-Ureta_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roa-Ureta-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some researchers, such as James Bohnsack, a biologist with the <a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Fisheries_Service" title="National Marine Fisheries Service">National Marine Fisheries Service</a> (NMFS), have argued that the amount of biomass found on artificial reefs is attracted away from nearby areas rather than developing there. According to this view, artificial reefs do not increase fish populations.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bohnsack_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bohnsack-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead they operate as a type of <a href="/wiki/Fish_aggregating_device" title="Fish aggregating device">fish aggregating device</a> (FAD) bringing in fish, eggs and larvae from other reefs.<sup id="cite_ref-Ceccarelli_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ceccarelli-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there is some evidence to suggest that artificial reefs can be a source of production as well as attraction.<sup id="cite_ref-Roa-Ureta_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roa-Ureta-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2022 review concluded that "the attraction-production question around ARs ... can only be assessed on a case-by-case basis for each AR, and validated after their installation."<sup id="cite_ref-Ceccarelli_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ceccarelli-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Concentrating fish on a reef makes for easier fishing.<sup id="cite_ref-Spinner_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spinner-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Karnauskas_74-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karnauskas-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The increased concentration of fish on artificial reefs can make it easier to harvest fish stocks, with the potential for <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a> and long-term damage to fisheries. This has implications for artisanal and industrial fishing management.<sup id="cite_ref-Spinner_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spinner-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Roa-Ureta_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roa-Ureta-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Debris">Debris</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Debris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are concerns that the placement of opportunity artificial reefs will be abused and become a pretext for disguised ocean dumping. Regulatory measures have been put forward by the U.S. and internationally in an effort to counter abuses, but may provide little protection.<sup id="cite_ref-Macdonald_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macdonald-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Airoldi_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Airoldi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tire_reef.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Tire_reef.jpg/220px-Tire_reef.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Tire_reef.jpg/330px-Tire_reef.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Tire_reef.jpg/440px-Tire_reef.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="464" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Waste_tires" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste tires">Waste tires</a> being placed in an array to investigate their effectiveness as a fish habitat, Pokai Bay, Oahu, July 1969.</figcaption></figure> <p>Some artificial reefs have been found to be less stable than originally hoped, breaking into component parts that become ocean refuse, washing onto natural reefs and beaches and damaging them. In the early 1970s <a href="/wiki/Waste_tires" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste tires">waste tires</a> were used to create a number of artificial reefs. <a href="/wiki/Tropical_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical storm">Tropical storms</a> later demolished the tire containment system, washing tires onto beaches, <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef_destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Coral reef destruction">destroying nearby coral reefs</a> and inhibiting new coral growth.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the <a href="/wiki/Osborne_Reef" title="Osborne Reef">Osborne Reef</a> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida" title="Fort Lauderdale, Florida">Fort Lauderdale, Florida</a>, storms broke the nylon straps holding the original tire bundles together. As of November 2019, 250,000<sup id="cite_ref-2019-11-13_WPLG_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2019-11-13_WPLG-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of an estimated 700,000 tires have been removed.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-enn_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enn-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> has begun removing its tire reefs.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Conservancy" title="Ocean Conservancy">Ocean Conservancy</a> now includes tire removal during the International Coastal Cleanup in September of each year.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2021, <a href="/wiki/4Ocean" title="4Ocean">4Ocean</a> has added collecting tires from the bottom to their cleanup operations as well.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some attempts to construct artificial surfing reefs have also been problematic.<sup id="cite_ref-Blacka_25-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blacka-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of early surfing installations used geotextile bags filled with sand which degraded more quickly than anticipated.<sup id="cite_ref-Borrero_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borrero-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cases such as <a href="/wiki/Pratte%27s_Reef" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratte's Reef">Pratte's Reef</a> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> and Mount Reef at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Maunganui" title="Mount Maunganui">Mount Maunganui</a> in New Zealand have required extensive remediation work to remove materials. In some cases, remediation has cost more than the original installation.<sup id="cite_ref-Blacka_25-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blacka-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-redux_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redux-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maunganui_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maunganui-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been argued that this approach to reef construction is fundamentally flawed.<sup id="cite_ref-Gegan_58-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gegan-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toxicity">Toxicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Toxicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Artificial reefs, particularly opportunistic ones involving materials that were not originally intended for marine use, can <a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">degrade</a> and cause damage to the natural habitat. If inappropriate materials are used in an artificial reef, they can interfere with the growth of algae which provide a food source for coral, causing the coral to die.<sup id="cite_ref-Pascoe_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pascoe-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVCs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Zhou_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhou-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Plastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastics">plastics</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Weiss_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weiss-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gao_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gao-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vered_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vered-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">oil</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">paint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> and other rusting metal, can release <a href="/wiki/Toxicity" title="Toxicity">toxic</a> contaminants such as Poly-chlorinated biphenols (PCBs) and heavy metals ( Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, Ag, and Hg ).<sup id="cite_ref-Johnston_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Galiano_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Galiano-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toxic materials can potentially enter the food chain and affect it at all levels, including fish and humans. However, consumption of seafood from artificial reefs and wrecks is considered unlikely to pose a long-term health risk for humans at average levels of consumption, with the exception of urchins and other grazing shellfish which should be avoided.<sup id="cite_ref-Galiano_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Galiano-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_100428-N-3154P-149_Sailors_assigned_to_Amphibious_Construction_Battalion_(ACB)_2,_use_heavy_machinery_to_load_oyster_shells_for_two_new_artificial_oyster_reef_sites_in_the_mud_flats_of_Little_Creek_Cove.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/US_Navy_100428-N-3154P-149_Sailors_assigned_to_Amphibious_Construction_Battalion_%28ACB%29_2%2C_use_heavy_machinery_to_load_oyster_shells_for_two_new_artificial_oyster_reef_sites_in_the_mud_flats_of_Little_Creek_Cove.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/US_Navy_100428-N-3154P-149_Sailors_assigned_to_Amphibious_Construction_Battalion_%28ACB%29_2%2C_use_heavy_machinery_to_load_oyster_shells_for_two_new_artificial_oyster_reef_sites_in_the_mud_flats_of_Little_Creek_Cove.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/US_Navy_100428-N-3154P-149_Sailors_assigned_to_Amphibious_Construction_Battalion_%28ACB%29_2%2C_use_heavy_machinery_to_load_oyster_shells_for_two_new_artificial_oyster_reef_sites_in_the_mud_flats_of_Little_Creek_Cove.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Using natural materials, such as oyster shells, can help create more natural artificial reefs.</figcaption></figure> <p>International recommendations state that artificial reefs should use inert materials. Under the 2009 "Specific Guidelines for Assessment of Inert, Inorganic Geological Material" developed by the London Convention and Protocol/UNEP, inert materials cannot cause contamination through leaching, physical and chemical deterioration, or biological activity.<sup id="cite_ref-Santos_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Santos-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Attempts continue to be made to create stable waste-based materials that will not pose a hazard, for use in artificial reefs. For example, oil and coal fly ash have been stabilized with cement and lime to create experimental artificial reef blocks. However, as with the use of tires, there continue to be environmental concerns about the potential for leaching.<sup id="cite_ref-Valeriya_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valeriya-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shu-te_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shu-te-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, best practices for preparing vessels for use in artificial reefs include assuming that divers may access all locations, removing potential hazards to divers, removing all polluting or toxic materials, including <a href="/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl" title="Polychlorinated biphenyl">PCBs</a> (in compliance with applicable water quality standards for class III ocean waters), and clearing debris and floatables.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, if materials over the pollutant threshold are too difficult to remove, permission to bypass their removal can be given by the EPA, as happened in the case of the ex-<i><a href="/wiki/USS_Oriskany" title="USS Oriskany">USS Oriskany</a></i>. In spite of spending $20 million to decontaminate the vessel, the ship still contained an estimated 700 pounds of PCBs when it was sunk in 2006. Subsequent testing by the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Fish_and_Wildlife_Conservation_Commission" title="Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission">Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission</a> over a four-year period found elevated levels of PCBs in fish living in the ship's "reef".<sup id="cite_ref-Olsen_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olsen-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Merz_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merz-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Off the coast of California, an artificial reef has been constructed to lure fish away from a toxic site. Over 35 years, the <a href="/wiki/Montrose_Chemical_Corporation_of_California" title="Montrose Chemical Corporation of California">Montrose Chemical Corporation of California</a>, a maker of <a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a>, improperly disposed of toxic chemical waste through the sewer system and by dumping barrels of waste into the ocean. As part of remediation efforts by the <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA), 70,000 tons of quarry rock were placed on the ocean bottom nearer the beach in 2020, creating a new habitat to attract fish and kelp to a safer area.<sup id="cite_ref-Berardelli_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berardelli-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Florida">Florida</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Florida"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Florida is the site of many artificial reefs,<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many created from deliberately sunken ships, including Coast Guard cutters <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Duane" title="USCGC Duane">Duane</a> and <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Bibb" title="USCGC Bibb">Bibb</a> and the U.S. Navy landing ship <a href="/wiki/USS_Spiegel_Grove_(LSD-32)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Spiegel Grove (LSD-32)">Spiegel Grove</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ng211_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ng211-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Osborne_Reef">Osborne Reef</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Osborne Reef"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Osborne_Reef" title="Osborne Reef">Osborne Reef</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tires540.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A bed of skummy tires rests piled upon the ocean's floor; a small yellow fish swims by the left." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tires540.jpg/220px-Tires540.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tires540.jpg/330px-Tires540.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tires540.jpg/440px-Tires540.jpg 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>Tires constituting <a href="/wiki/Osborne_Reef" title="Osborne Reef">Osborne Reef</a> (2007)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1970s, more than 2,000,000 used vehicle tires were dumped off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida" title="Fort Lauderdale, Florida">Fort Lauderdale, Florida</a> to form an artificial reef. However, the tires were not properly secured to the reef structures, and ocean currents broke them loose, sending them crashing into the developing reef and its natural neighbors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neptune_Reef">Neptune Reef</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Neptune Reef"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Neptune_Memorial_Reef" title="Neptune Memorial Reef">Neptune Memorial Reef</a> was originally conceived as an art project called The Atlantis Reef Project and was envisioned and created by Gary Levine and Kim Brandell. <a href="/wiki/Burial_at_sea" title="Burial at sea">Burial at sea</a> became a way of financing the project. As of 2011, about 200 "placements" had occurred. Cremated remains are mixed with concrete and either encased in columns or molded into sea-star, brain-coral, 15 feet (4.6 m) castings of lions or other shapes before entering the water.<sup id="cite_ref-ng211_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ng211-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ex-USS_Massachusetts">Ex-USS <i>Massachusetts</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ex-USS Massachusetts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1921 the US <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleship</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Massachusetts_(BB-2)" title="USS Massachusetts (BB-2)"><i>Massachusetts</i></a> was scuttled in shallow water off the coast of Pensacola, Florida and then used as a target for experimental artillery. In 1956 the ship was declared the property of the state of <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Supreme Court">Florida Supreme Court</a>. Since 1993 the wreck has been a <a href="/wiki/Florida_Underwater_Archaeological_Preserve" title="Florida Underwater Archaeological Preserve">Florida Underwater Archaeological Preserve</a> and is included in the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>. She serves as an artificial reef and recreational dive site.<sup id="cite_ref-Roy_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roy-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ex-USS_Oriskany">Ex-USS <i>Oriskany</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ex-USS Oriskany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oriskany_July_2008_-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Oriskany_July_2008_-1.jpg/220px-Oriskany_July_2008_-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Oriskany_July_2008_-1.jpg/330px-Oriskany_July_2008_-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Oriskany_July_2008_-1.jpg/440px-Oriskany_July_2008_-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Sea life growing on the remains of <a href="/wiki/USS_Oriskany" title="USS Oriskany">USS <i>Oriskany</i></a>, intentionally sunk in 2006 to become an artificial reef.</figcaption></figure> <p>The world's largest artificial reef was created by sinking of the 44,000 ton aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Oriskany" title="USS Oriskany">USS <i>Oriskany</i></a> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Pensacola" class="mw-redirect" title="Pensacola">Pensacola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gabriel_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gabriel-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ex-USNS_Hoyt_S._Vandenberg">Ex-USNS <i>Hoyt S. Vandenberg</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ex-USNS Hoyt S. Vandenberg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second-largest artificial reef is <a href="/wiki/USS_General_Harry_Taylor_(AP-145)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS General Harry Taylor (AP-145)">USNS <i>Hoyt S. Vandenberg</i></a>, a former <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> era <a href="/wiki/Troopship" title="Troopship">troop transport</a> that served as a spacecraft-tracking ship after the war. The Vandenberg was scuttled seven miles off <a href="/wiki/Key_West" title="Key West">Key West</a> on May 27, 2009, in 140 feet (43 m) of clear water.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporters expected the ship to draw recreational divers away from natural reefs, allowing those reefs to recover from damage from overuse.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ex-USS_Spiegel_Grove">Ex-USS <i>Spiegel Grove</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ex-USS Spiegel Grove"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spiegel_Grove_wreck,_large_reel_on_deck,_Key_Largo,_Florida.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Spiegel_Grove_wreck%2C_large_reel_on_deck%2C_Key_Largo%2C_Florida.jpg/220px-Spiegel_Grove_wreck%2C_large_reel_on_deck%2C_Key_Largo%2C_Florida.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Spiegel_Grove_wreck%2C_large_reel_on_deck%2C_Key_Largo%2C_Florida.jpg/330px-Spiegel_Grove_wreck%2C_large_reel_on_deck%2C_Key_Largo%2C_Florida.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Spiegel_Grove_wreck%2C_large_reel_on_deck%2C_Key_Largo%2C_Florida.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption> Large reel on deck of <i>Spiegel Grove</i>, with diver</figcaption></figure> <p>The ex-USS <a href="/wiki/USS_Spiegel_Grove" title="USS Spiegel Grove"><i>Spiegel Grove</i></a> is located on Dixie Shoal, 6 miles (9.7 km) off the Florida Keys in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.<sup id="cite_ref-Frink_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frink-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her location is <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Artificial_reef&params=25_04_00_N_80_18_01_W_region:US_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°04′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">80°18′01″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.06667°N 80.30028°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">25.06667; -80.30028</span></span></span></a></span></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgia">Georgia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Georgia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1970, the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Department_of_Natural_Resources" title="Georgia Department of Natural Resources">Georgia Department of Natural Resources</a> (DNR) began building a network of artificial reefs to provide habitats for <a href="/wiki/Game_fish" title="Game fish">game fish</a>. Georgia generally lacks natural coral reefs because the ocean floor off the coast is generally too sandy and too low-sloping to promote coral growth.<sup id="cite_ref-GPB-Jan-2024_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GPB-Jan-2024-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Atlanta-July-2024_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlanta-July-2024-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These artificial reefs attract a huge variety of organisms; according to marine ecologist from <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Southern_University" title="Georgia Southern University">Georgia Southern University</a>, "the diversity rivals natural coral reefs."<sup id="cite_ref-Atlanta-July-2024_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlanta-July-2024-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L_Reef">L Reef</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: L Reef"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L Reef was established in 1976. It is located roughly 23 nautical miles (43 km; 26 mi) east of <a href="/wiki/Ossabaw_Island" title="Ossabaw Island">Ossabaw Island</a> and is 55–65 feet (17–20 m) below the ocean's surface. It contains a variety of different debris, including <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway_rolling_stock" title="New York City Subway rolling stock">New York City subway cars</a>, <a href="/wiki/M60_tank" title="M60 tank">M-60 tanks</a> formerly used by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>, and concrete <a href="/wiki/Culvert" title="Culvert">culverts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian-Sep-2024_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-Sep-2024-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, on the 21st of December, the DNR unloaded two retired railcars from the <a href="/wiki/Metro_Atlanta_Rapid_Transit_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority">Metro Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GPB-Jan-2024_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GPB-Jan-2024-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2024, divers discovered soft coral growing on the railcars and counted nine species of game fish.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian-Sep-2024_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-Sep-2024-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Carolina">North Carolina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: North Carolina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ex-USS_Yancey">Ex-USS <i>Yancey</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Ex-USS Yancey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/USS_Yancey" title="USS Yancey">USS <i>Yancey</i></a> was sunk as an artificial reef off <a href="/wiki/Morehead_City,_North_Carolina" title="Morehead City, North Carolina">Morehead City, North Carolina</a> in 1990, as AR-302.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is lying on her starboard side at a depth of 160 ft (49 m)<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ex-USCGC_Spar">Ex-USCGC <i>Spar</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ex-USCGC Spar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Spar_(WLB-403)" title="USCGC Spar (WLB-403)">USCGC <i>Spar</i></a> was scuttled in June 2004 by Captain Tim Mullane in 108 feet (33 m) of water, 30 miles (48 km) off <a href="/wiki/Morehead_City,_North_Carolina" title="Morehead City, North Carolina">Morehead City, North Carolina</a>, where she serves as an artificial reef.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ex-USS_Indra">Ex-USS <i>Indra</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Ex-USS Indra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/USS_Indra" title="USS Indra">USS <i>Indra</i></a> was sunk as an artificial reef, 4 August 1992 in 60 feet (18 m) of water.<br />Its coordinates are <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Artificial_reef&params=34_33_55_N_76_58_30_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°33′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°58′30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.56528°N 76.97500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.56528; -76.97500</span></span></span></a></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ex-USS_Aeolus">Ex-USS <i>Aeolus</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Ex-USS Aeolus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/USS_Aeolus_(ARC-3)" title="USS Aeolus (ARC-3)">USS <i>Aeolus</i></a> was sunk to form an artificial reef in August 1988 as AR-305.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ex-<i>Aeolus</i>, is located 18.3 nautical miles from Beaufort Inlet Sea Buoy in 104 feet (30 m) of water.<sup id="cite_ref-Comer_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Comer-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Delaware">Delaware</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Delaware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Redbird_Reef">Redbird Reef</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Redbird Reef"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Redbird_Reef" title="Redbird Reef">Redbird Reef</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_subway_cars_used_as_artificial_reef.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/NYC_subway_cars_used_as_artificial_reef.jpg/220px-NYC_subway_cars_used_as_artificial_reef.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/NYC_subway_cars_used_as_artificial_reef.jpg/330px-NYC_subway_cars_used_as_artificial_reef.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/NYC_subway_cars_used_as_artificial_reef.jpg/440px-NYC_subway_cars_used_as_artificial_reef.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Retired subway cars on a barge before being sunk to form an artificial reef.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the late 2000s, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Transit_Authority" title="New York City Transit Authority">New York City Transit Authority</a> decided to retire an outdated fleet of subway cars to make room for new <a href="/wiki/R142_(New_York_City_Subway_car)" title="R142 (New York City Subway car)">R142</a> and <a href="/wiki/R142A_(New_York_City_Subway_car)" title="R142A (New York City Subway car)">R142A</a> trains. The obsolete subway cars, (nicknamed "<a href="/wiki/Redbird_trains" title="Redbird trains">Redbirds</a>"), had run on the <a href="/wiki/A_Division_(New_York_City_Subway)" title="A Division (New York City Subway)">A Division</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Interborough_Rapid_Transit_Company" title="Interborough Rapid Transit Company">Interborough Rapid Transit Company</a> routes) of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> system for 40 years. Each car was stripped, decontaminated, loaded on a barge, and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Delaware, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Some cars had number plates removed because of rust, which were then auctioned off on eBay. A total of 1,200 subway cars were sunk for this project. </p><p>In September 2007, the NYCTA approved a further contract with <a href="/wiki/Weeks_Marine" title="Weeks Marine">Weeks Marine</a> worth $6 million, to send 1,600 of its retired subway cars to be used as artificial reefs. The old models were sheathed in stainless steel, except for the fiberglass reinforced plastic front ends, which were removed before sinking. The retired fleet included old work trains and cars that were badly damaged beyond repair.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="British_Columbia">British Columbia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: British Columbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006, a Boeing 737-200 that was deemed no longer airworthy by Air Canada was sunk by the <a href="/wiki/Artificial_Reef_Society_of_British_Columbia" title="Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia">Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cancun_Underwater_Museum">Cancun Underwater Museum</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Cancun Underwater Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since November 2009, artist <a href="/wiki/Jason_deCaires_Taylor" title="Jason deCaires Taylor">Jason deCaires Taylor</a> has created more than 400 life size sculptures off the coast of Cancun, Mexico at the <a href="/wiki/Cancun_Underwater_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancun Underwater Museum">Cancun Underwater Museum</a>. The coral reefs in this region suffered heavy degradation due to repetitive hurricane abuse. This project was funded by The National Marine Park and the Cancun Nautical Association. It was designed to emulate coral reefs using a neutral ph clay. Taylor constructed unique settings depicting daily activities ranging from a man watching TV to a 1970s replica of a Volkswagen Beetle. This artificial reef relieved pressure from the nearby Manchones Reef.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the late 1990s, the Australian government has been providing decommissioned warships for use as artificial reefs for recreational scuba diving. So far, seven ships have been sunk: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Swan_(DE_50)" title="HMAS Swan (DE 50)">HMAS <i>Swan</i></a> at Dunsborough in Western Australia during December 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Perth_(D_38)" title="HMAS Perth (D 38)">HMAS <i>Perth</i></a> at Albany in Western Australia during November 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Hobart_(D_39)" title="HMAS Hobart (D 39)">HMAS <i>Hobart</i></a> in Yankalilla Bay in South Australia during November 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Brisbane_(D_41)" title="HMAS Brisbane (D 41)">HMAS <i>Brisbane</i></a> off the Sunshine Coast in Queensland during July 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Canberra_(FFG_02)" title="HMAS Canberra (FFG 02)">HMAS <i>Canberra</i></a> at a site west of the entrance to Port Phillip Bay in Victoria during October 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Adelaide_(FFG_01)" title="HMAS Adelaide (FFG 01)">HMAS <i>Adelaide</i></a> off Terrigal on the New South Wales Central Coast during April 2011</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Tobruk_(L_50)" title="HMAS Tobruk (L 50)">HMAS <i>Tobruk</i></a> off Hervey Bay on the Queensland Coast on 29 June 2018 <sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Reef" title="Cooper Reef">Cooper Reef</a> is a purpose-built artificial reef off the coast of Esperance, Western Australia. It is at a depth of 30m and consists of 128 dome-like concrete modules designed to attract fish and enhance <a href="/wiki/Fish_stocks" title="Fish stocks">fish stocks</a>, thereby creating new fishing and recreation opportunities for tourists, anglers and local families. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Costa_Rica">Costa Rica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Costa Rica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At Playa Hermosa, the Playa Hermosa Artificial Reef Project has created an artificial reef using discarded porcelain insulators.<sup id="cite_ref-Arias_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arias-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Curacao">Curacao</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Curacao"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On Curaçao, Secore International has created 12 artificial reefs using the <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_coral#Economy" title="Aquaculture of coral">cost-effective</a> technique with small tetrapod-shaped concrete structures, seeded with coral larvae.<sup id="cite_ref-Dormehl_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dormehl-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saba_and_Statia">Saba and Statia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Saba and Statia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The AROSSTA project is located in the Caribbean Dutch islands of St. Eustatius and Saba.<sup id="cite_ref-AROSSTA_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROSSTA-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on comparisons of the effectiveness of reef balls, layered cakes, and rock for artificial reefs, researchers have developed MOREEF (Modular Restoration Reef) to provide a more complex internal structure and increase shelter availability.<sup id="cite_ref-van_de_Water_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-van_de_Water-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Gibraltar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Artificial_Reef" title="Gibraltar Artificial Reef">Gibraltar Reef</a> was first proposed by Eric Shaw in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-Vidal_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vidal-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initial experiments with <a href="/wiki/Tires" class="mw-redirect" title="Tires">tires</a> proved unsuccessful as the tires were swept away by currents or buried underneath sand. In 1974, boats from local marinas and the <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Port_Authority" title="Gibraltar Port Authority">Gibraltar Port Authority</a> were donated. The first two were <a href="/wiki/Barges" class="mw-redirect" title="Barges">barges</a> that were sunk in <a href="/wiki/Camp_Bay,_Gibraltar" title="Camp Bay, Gibraltar">Camp Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ward_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ward-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, a 65-ton wooden boat, <i>True Joy</i> (also referred to as <i>Noah's Ark</i>) was sunk there as well.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shaw helped to found the Helping Hand Trust in 1994. The Trust works with researchers from around the world to expand the reef and to conserve, protect and monitor the natural world.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The artificial reef, which contains more than 30 scuttled and wrecked vessels, was the first to be constructed in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Vidal_149-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vidal-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HHT_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HHT-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It continues to be one of the largest.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Expansion of the Artificial Reef halted after the cargo vessel 'New Flame' collided with the 'Torm Gertrud' and sank in an area known as 'Los Picos'. Los Picos was one of two natural reefs within Gibraltar's EU registered area of special interest, with a high level of biodiversity.<sup id="cite_ref-HHT_153-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HHT-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lansford_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansford-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After two years of salvage work, it was determined that attempting to remove the remaining keel and bottom would harm the natural reef. Authorities decided to leave the rest where it was.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Herbert_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herbert-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, more than 70 concrete blocks were sunk by the government of Gibraltar (independent of Eric Shaw's trust), each one square meter in size with protruding metal bars. This led to heated debate between the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, with Gibraltar accusing Spain of over forty incursions into their waters per month<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Spain accusing Gibraltar of including metal bars in the reef to stop Spanish fishermen trawling the seabed for fish. The dropping led to a diplomatic conflict between the two countries because Gibraltar is a <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="British Overseas Territory">British Overseas Territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guinand_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guinand-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2015, Shaw reported that there was "all kinds of life in the new reef from microbiological species to conger and moray eels".<sup id="cite_ref-Badcock_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badcock-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Temple_Reef">Temple Reef</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Temple Reef"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Experimentation with artificial reef structures at the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Reef" title="Temple Reef">Temple reef</a> dive site off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry, India</a> began as early as 2013. The diving centre Temple Adventures built a Temple-shaped structure in 2015 at a depth of 18 metres (59 ft), using recycled materials such as concrete, rocks, trees, palms, and iron bars.<sup id="cite_ref-Philip_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philip-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Temple Reef Foundation was founded in 2017 to support marine conservation and the further development of artificial surfing reefs in the area. In 2019 Bennington's Reef was added to the Temple reef dive site using a patented design for cement-dolomite blocks. The initial block was 3D printed, and further blocks were built using molded frames. In 2020, the project began testing a new block prototype that uses eggshell waste, sand, pebbles, and cement, stabilized with iron rebar.<sup id="cite_ref-Pondicherry_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pondicherry-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dubai">Dubai</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Dubai"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pearl of Dubai is an art-inspired Lost City off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>. The site encompasses five acres and is located at the <a href="/wiki/World_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="World Islands">World Islands</a>. At a depth of 10 to 20 metres (33 to 66 ft), the site is designed as an ancient lost city, complete with temples and statues using regional design cues from 800 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, designs for the world's largest ocean restoration and ecotourism project was unveiled in Dubai.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project named Dubai Reefs, aims to use 3D printing technology to create the world's largest artificial reef.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aqaba,_Jordan"><span id="Aqaba.2C_Jordan"></span>Aqaba, Jordan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Aqaba, Jordan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jordan made an under-water military vehicles museum, which is intended to form an artificial reef over time.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Underwater Chocolate Hills is an artificial reef project undertaken by Spindrift Reefs Dive Center<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Panglao_Island" title="Panglao Island">Panglao Island</a> in the Philippines. It consists of broken coral harvested by local divers, who attach it to wire structures. The structures are built in the same shape as the Chocolate Hills, which can be found in the <a href="/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a> Region. The intent is to create a new dive site and new marine habitat.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lebanon">Lebanon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Lebanon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese Army">Lebanese Army</a> donated 10 stripped <a href="/wiki/Tanks" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanks">tanks</a> to an NGO and sunk them 3 km away from the coast of <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a>, South Lebanon.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malta">Malta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Malta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following a gas explosion that occurred on 3 February 1995, the Libyan-owned motor tanker <a href="/wiki/Um_El_Faroud" title="Um El Faroud">Um El Faroud</a> was <a href="/wiki/Scuttling" title="Scuttling">scuttled</a> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> as an artificial reef.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinman_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinman-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_reefs_in_Japan" title="Artificial reefs in Japan">Artificial reefs in Japan</a> – Underwater structures to increase sustainable fishing activities</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_Reef_Society_of_British_Columbia" title="Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia">Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia</a> – Canadian non-profit to create artificial reefs for habitat enhancement and recreation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial wave">Artificial wave</a> – Swimming pool with artificial waves<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_aggregating_device" title="Fish aggregating device">Fish aggregating device</a> – Man-made object used to attract ocean-going pelagic fish</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_debris" title="Marine debris">Marine debris</a> – Human-created solid waste in the sea or ocean</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-purpose_reef" title="Multi-purpose reef">Multi-purpose reef</a> – Underwater structure intended to produce surfable waves from prevailing swell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuttling" title="Scuttling">Scuttling</a> – Act of deliberately sinking a ship by allowing water to flow into the hull</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_graveyard" title="Ship graveyard">Ship graveyard</a> – Location where scrapped ships are left</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_ships_for_wreck_diving_sites" title="Sinking ships for wreck diving sites">Sinking ships for wreck diving sites</a> – Scuttling old ships to produce artificial reefs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spawning_bed" title="Spawning bed">Spawning bed</a> – Underwater surface on which fish deposit their eggs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canc%C3%BAn_Underwater_Museum" title="Cancún Underwater Museum">Cancún Underwater Museum</a> – Underwater display of sculpture in Cancún, Mexico</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_reef&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Seaman2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Seaman2013_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seaman2013_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSeaman,_Jr2013" 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Artificial_reefs" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Artificial reefs">Artificial reefs</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carolinareefs.org/">Eastern Carolina Artificial Reef Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oarreefs.org/reefs.shtml">Organization for Artificial Reefs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myfwc.com/conservation/saltwater/artificial-reefs/ar-program">Florida Artificial Reef Program</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reefball.org/index.htm">Reef Ball Foundation</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artificialreefsocietybc.ca">"Artificial Reef Society of BC"</a>. <i>Artificial Reefs ARSBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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landforms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Earth%27s_landforms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Earth's landforms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earth&#039;s_landforms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Landform" title="Landform">landforms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_landforms" title="Glossary of landforms">List of landforms</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountainous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butte" title="Butte">Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_(landform)" title="Flat (landform)">Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill" title="Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">Mountain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">range</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge" title="Ridge">Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tableland" title="Tableland">Tableland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Continental plain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_sheet" title="Ice sheet">Ice sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">Steppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">Tundra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fluvial_sediment_processes" title="Fluvial sediment processes">Fluvial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alluvial_fan" title="Alluvial fan">Alluvial fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_(geography)" title="Channel (geography)">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">Floodplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">Lake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_island" title="Lake island">island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">Levee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander" title="Meander">Meander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasis" title="Oasis">Oasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pond" title="Pond">Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapids" title="Rapids">Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River" title="River">River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">mouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfall" title="Waterfall">Waterfall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glacial_landform" title="Glacial landform">Glacial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%AAte" title="Arête">Arête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirque" title="Cirque">Cirque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esker" title="Esker">Esker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">Fjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_field" title="Ice field">Ice field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_valley" title="Tunnel valley">Tunnel valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_geography" title="Coastal geography">Oceanic and<br /> coastal landforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atoll" title="Atoll">Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay" title="Bay">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_(geography)" title="Cape (geography)">Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_(geography)" title="Channel (geography)">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">Continental shelf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">Coral reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">Estuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus" title="Isthmus">Isthmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge" title="Mid-ocean ridge">Mid-ocean ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_trench" title="Oceanic trench">Oceanic trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamount" title="Seamount">Seamount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">Volcanic island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volcanic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">Caldera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geyser" title="Geyser">Geyser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyot" title="Guyot">Guyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_dome" title="Lava dome">Lava dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_field" title="Lava field">Lava field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_volcano" title="Submarine volcano">Submarine volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater" title="Volcanic crater">Volcanic crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater_lake" title="Volcanic crater lake">Volcanic crater lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_dam" title="Volcanic dam">Volcanic dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">Volcanic island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_plateau" title="Volcanic plateau">Volcanic plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_plug" title="Volcanic plug">Volcanic plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_rock" title="Wall rock">Wall rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_processes" title="Aeolian processes">Aeolian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_lake" title="Dry lake">Dry lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">Dune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhill" title="Sandhill">Sandhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">Tundra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artificial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_island" title="Artificial island">Artificial island</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artificial reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditch" title="Ditch">Ditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">Land reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">Levee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polder" title="Polder">Polder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">Quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">Tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geographical_feature" title="Geographical feature">Geographical feature</a></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coastal_management" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coastal_management" title="Template:Coastal management"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coastal_management" title="Template talk:Coastal management"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coastal_management" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coastal management"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coastal_management" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_management" title="Coastal management">Coastal management</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_management" title="Coastal management">Management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_(coastal_management)" title="Accretion (coastal management)">Accretion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_engineering" title="Coastal engineering">Coastal engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_management" title="Coastal management">Coastal management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_coastal_zone_management" title="Integrated coastal zone management">Integrated coastal zone management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managed_retreat" title="Managed retreat">Managed retreat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submersion_(coastal_management)" title="Submersion (coastal management)">Submersion</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seawallventnor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Seawallventnor.jpg/140px-Seawallventnor.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Seawallventnor.jpg/210px-Seawallventnor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Seawallventnor.jpg/280px-Seawallventnor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hard_engineering" title="Hard engineering">Hard engineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-Jacks" title="A-Jacks">A-Jacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accropode" title="Accropode">Accropode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akmon" title="Akmon">Akmon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artificial reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breachway" title="Breachway">Breachway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakwater_(structure)" title="Breakwater (structure)">Breakwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_stabilization" title="Cliff stabilization">Cliff stabilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolos" title="Dolos">Dolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_wall" title="Flood wall">Flood wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floodgate" title="Floodgate">Floodgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabion" title="Gabion">Gabion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groyne" title="Groyne">Groyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetty" title="Jetty">Jetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">Levee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_engineering" title="Hard engineering">Hard engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeycomb_sea_wall" title="Honeycomb sea wall">Honeycomb sea wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_equation" title="Hudson's equation">Hudson's equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOLOS" title="KOLOS">KOLOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_(architecture)" title="Mole (architecture)">Mole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier" title="Pier">Pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revetment" title="Revetment">Revetment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riprap" title="Riprap">Riprap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seawall" title="Seawall">Seawall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrapod_(structure)" title="Tetrapod (structure)">Tetrapod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_(civil)" title="Training (civil)">Training wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Meer_formula" title="Van der Meer formula">Van der Meer formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wharf" title="Wharf">Wharf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbloc" title="Xbloc">Xbloc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soft_engineering" title="Soft engineering">Soft engineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_nourishment" title="Beach nourishment">Beach nourishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_management#Beach_drainage" title="Coastal management">Beach drainage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_revetment" title="Dynamic revetment">Dynamic revetment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_shorelines" class="mw-redirect" title="Living shorelines">Living shorelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_dune_stabilization" title="Sand dune stabilization">Sand dune stabilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_engineering" title="Soft engineering">Soft engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_evolution" title="Beach evolution">Beach evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_erosion" title="Coastal erosion">Coastal erosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering" title="Geotechnical engineering">Geotechnical engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">Land reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longshore_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Longshore transport">Longshore transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_recession_of_beaches" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern recession of beaches">Modern recession of beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_restoration" title="Stream restoration">Stream restoration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Corals_and_coral_reefs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Corals" title="Template:Corals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Corals" title="Template talk:Corals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Corals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Corals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Corals_and_coral_reefs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">Corals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reefs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hexacorallia" title="Hexacorallia">Hexacorallia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_coral" title="Black coral">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain_coral" title="Brain coral">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalaphyllia" title="Catalaphyllia">Elegance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermatypic_coral" title="Hermatypic coral">Hermatypic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectiniidae" title="Pectiniidae">Chalice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillar_coral" title="Pillar coral">Pillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acropora" title="Acropora">Table</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elkhorn_coral" title="Elkhorn coral">Elkhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staghorn_coral" title="Staghorn coral">Staghorn</a></li></ul></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Rugosa" title="Rugosa">Rugose</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Tabulata" title="Tabulata">Tabulate</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FFS_Table_bottom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/FFS_Table_bottom.jpg/140px-FFS_Table_bottom.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/FFS_Table_bottom.jpg/210px-FFS_Table_bottom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/FFS_Table_bottom.jpg/280px-FFS_Table_bottom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="330" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Octocorallia" title="Octocorallia">Octocorallia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_coral" title="Bamboo coral">Bamboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_coral" title="Blue coral">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_pipe_coral" title="Organ pipe coral">Organ pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcyonacea" title="Alcyonacea">Sea fans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_pen" title="Sea pen">Sea pens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">Coral reefs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atoll" title="Atoll">Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cay" title="Cay">Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">Coral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep-water_coral" title="Deep-water coral">Deep-water coral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesophotic_coral_reef" title="Mesophotic coral reef">mesophotic coral reef</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringing_reef" title="Fringing reef">Fringing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microatoll" title="Microatoll">Microatoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef_fish" title="Coral reef fish">Coral reef fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_of_Coral_Reefs" title="Census of Coral Reefs">Census of Coral Reefs</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Structure_and_Distribution_of_Coral_Reefs" title="The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs">The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catlin_Seaview_Survey" title="Catlin Seaview Survey">Catlin Seaview Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spur_and_groove_formation" title="Spur and groove formation">Spur and groove formation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef#Distribution" title="Coral reef">Coral regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reefs" title="List of reefs">List of reefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_coral_reefs" title="African coral reefs">African coral reefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Reef" title="Amazon Reef">Amazon Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andros,_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Andros, Bahamas">Andros, Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apo_Reef" title="Apo Reef">Apo Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_wildlife_of_Baa_Atoll" title="Marine wildlife of Baa Atoll">Baa Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_Barrier_Reef" title="Belize Barrier Reef">Belize Barrier Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Triangle" title="Coral Triangle">Coral Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_coral_coast" title="East African coral coast">East African coral coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Keys_National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary">Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reefs_in_India" title="Coral reefs in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reefs_of_Jamaica" title="Coral reefs of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reefs_of_Kiribati" title="Coral reefs of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_the_Maldives" title="Wildlife of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_Barrier_Reef_System" title="Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System">Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonian_barrier_reef" title="New Caledonian barrier reef">New Caledonia barrier reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningaloo_Coast" title="Ningaloo Coast">Ningaloo Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_in_non-tropical_regions" title="Coral in non-tropical regions">Non-tropical regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papah%C4%81naumoku%C4%81kea_Marine_National_Monument" title="Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument">Northwestern Hawaiian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulley_Ridge" title="Pulley Ridge">Pulley Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ampat_Islands" title="Raja Ampat Islands">Raja Ampat Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reefs_of_the_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Coral reefs of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_coral_reefs" title="Southeast Asian coral reefs">Southeast Asian coral reefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reefs_of_Tuvalu" title="Coral reefs of Tuvalu">Tuvalu Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reefs_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Coral reefs of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabiji" title="Yabiji">Yabiji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coral diseases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coral_bleaching" title="Coral bleaching">Coral bleaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_band_disease" title="Black band disease">Black band disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_eroding_band" title="Skeletal eroding band">Skeletal eroding band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stony_coral_tissue_loss_disease" title="Stony coral tissue loss disease">Stony coral tissue loss disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_band_disease" title="White band disease">White band disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_pox_disease" title="White pox disease">White pox disease</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_with_coral_reefs" title="Environmental issues with coral reefs">Environmental issues with coral reefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef_protection" title="Coral reef protection">Coral reef protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef_restoration" title="Coral reef restoration">Coral reef restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resilience_of_coral_reefs" title="Resilience of coral reefs">Reef resilience</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef_organizations" title="Coral reef organizations">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Reef_Alliance" title="Coral Reef Alliance">Coral Reef Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Fins" title="Green Fins">Green Fins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Coral_Reef_Society" title="International Coral Reef Society">International Coral Reef Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PADI_AWARE" title="PADI AWARE">Project AWARE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reef_Ball_Foundation" title="Reef Ball Foundation">Reef Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reef_Check" title="Reef Check">Reef Check</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbiotic algae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zooxanthellae" title="Zooxanthellae">Zooxanthellae</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amphidinium" title="Amphidinium">Amphidinium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Symbiodinium" title="Symbiodinium">Symbiodinium</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artificial reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_coral" title="Aquaculture of coral">Aquaculture of coral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_dermatitis" title="Coral dermatitis">Coral dermatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precious_coral" title="Precious coral">Precious coral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_rag" title="Coral rag">Coral rag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_sand" title="Coral sand">Coral sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coralline_algae" title="Coralline algae">Coralline algae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep-water_coral" title="Deep-water coral">Deep-water coral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_coral" title="Fire coral">Fire coral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Underwater_diving" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Underwater_diving" title="Template:Underwater diving"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Underwater_diving" title="Template talk:Underwater diving"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Underwater_diving" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Underwater diving"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Underwater_diving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving" title="Underwater diving">Underwater diving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_activities" title="Diving activities">Diving activities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving mode">Diving modes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric pressure diving">Atmospheric pressure diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">Freediving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturation_diving" title="Saturation diving">Saturation diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">Scuba diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snorkeling" title="Snorkeling">Snorkeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_oriented_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Surface oriented diving">Surface oriented diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface-supplied_diving" title="Surface-supplied diving">Surface-supplied diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Unmanned diving">Unmanned diving</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diving_equipment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Diving_equipment" title="Diving equipment">Diving equipment</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleaning_and_disinfection_of_personal_diving_equipment" title="Cleaning and disinfection of personal diving equipment">Cleaning and disinfection of personal diving equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_factors_in_diving_equipment_design" title="Human factors in diving equipment design">Human factors in diving equipment design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diving_equipment_manufacturers" title="List of diving equipment manufacturers">List of diving equipment manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basic equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_mask" title="Diving mask">Diving mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snorkel_(swimming)" title="Snorkel (swimming)">Snorkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimfin" title="Swimfin">Swimfin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Breathing_gas" title="Breathing gas">Breathing gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailout_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailout gas">Bailout gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottom_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottom gas">Bottom gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breathing_air" class="mw-redirect" title="Breathing air">Breathing air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression gas">Decompression gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_gas_supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency gas supply">Emergency gas supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliox" title="Heliox">Heliox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydreliox" title="Hydreliox">Hydreliox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrox_(breathing_gas)" title="Hydrox (breathing gas)">Hydrox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrox" title="Nitrox">Nitrox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel gas">Travel gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimix_(breathing_gas)" title="Trimix (breathing gas)">Trimix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buoyancy and<br />trim equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avelo_diving_system" title="Avelo diving system">Avelo diving system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buoyancy_compensator_(diving)" title="Buoyancy compensator (diving)">Buoyancy compensator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_inflator" class="mw-redirect" title="Power inflator">Power inflator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dump_valve_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dump valve (diving)">Dump valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_buoyancy_pressure_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable buoyancy pressure vessel">Variable buoyancy pressure vessel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_weighting_system" title="Diving weighting system">Diving weighting system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankle_weights_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankle weights (diving)">Ankle weights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_weights" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated weights">Integrated weights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trim_weights_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trim weights (diving)">Trim weights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Weight belt">Weight belt</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Decompression_equipment" title="Decompression equipment">Decompression<br />equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_buoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression buoy">Decompression buoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression chamber">Decompression chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression cylinder">Decompression cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_trapeze" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression trapeze">Decompression trapeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_computer" title="Dive computer">Dive computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_bell" title="Diving bell">Diving bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_shot" title="Diving shot">Diving shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving stage">Diving stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_upline" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey upline">Jersey upline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonline" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonline">Jonline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_suit" title="Diving suit">Diving suit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_diving_suit" title="Atmospheric diving suit">Atmospheric diving suit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JIM_suit" title="JIM suit">JIM suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtsuit" title="Newtsuit">Newtsuit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_suit" title="Dry suit">Dry suit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sladen_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sladen suit">Sladen suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_diving_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard diving suit">Standard diving suit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_vest" class="mw-redirect" title="Rash vest">Rash vest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetsuit" title="Wetsuit">Wetsuit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dive_skins" class="mw-redirect" title="Dive skins">Dive skins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot-water_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-water suit">Hot-water suit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Helmets<br />and masks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fog" title="Anti-fog">Anti-fog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_helmet" title="Diving helmet">Diving helmet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free-flow_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-flow helmet">Free-flow helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightweight_demand_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightweight demand helmet">Lightweight demand helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orinasal_mask" title="Orinasal mask">Orinasal mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaim_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Reclaim helmet">Reclaim helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallow_water_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Shallow water helmet">Shallow water helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_diving_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard diving helmet">Standard diving helmet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_mask" title="Diving mask">Diving mask</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Band_mask" class="mw-redirect" title="Band mask">Band mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-face_mask" class="mw-redirect" title="Full-face mask">Full-face mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_mask" class="mw-redirect" title="Half mask">Half mask</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instrumentation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bottom_timer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottom timer">Bottom timer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_gauge" title="Depth gauge">Depth gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_computer" title="Dive computer">Dive computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_timer" class="mw-redirect" title="Dive timer">Dive timer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_watch" title="Diving watch">Diving watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helium_release_valve" title="Helium release valve">Helium release valve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro-galvanic_oxygen_sensor" title="Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor">Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumofathometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumofathometer">Pneumofathometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submersible_pressure_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Submersible pressure gauge">Submersible pressure gauge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobility<br />equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diver_propulsion_vehicle" title="Diver propulsion vehicle">Diver propulsion vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_bell" title="Diving bell">Diving bell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closed_bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed bell">Closed bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Wet bell">Wet bell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving stage">Diving stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimfin" title="Swimfin">Swimfin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monofin" title="Monofin">Monofin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerSwim" title="PowerSwim">PowerSwim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towboard" title="Towboard">Towboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_sub" title="Wet sub">Wet sub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Safety<br />equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_air_source" title="Alternative air source">Alternative air source</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_regulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Octopus regulator">Octopus regulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_bottle" title="Pony bottle">Pony bottle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_snap" title="Bolt snap">Bolt snap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddy line">Buddy line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_light" title="Dive light">Dive light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver%27s_cutting_tool" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver's cutting tool">Diver's cutting tool</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diver%27s_knife" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver's knife">Diver's knife</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver%27s_telephone" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver's telephone">Diver's telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Through-water_communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Through-water communications">Through-water communications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_acoustic_communication" title="Underwater acoustic communication">Underwater acoustic communication</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_bell" title="Diving bell">Diving bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_safety_harness" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving safety harness">Diving safety harness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_gas_supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency gas supply">Emergency gas supply</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailout_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailout block">Bailout block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailout_bottle" title="Bailout bottle">Bailout bottle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifeline_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifeline (diving)">Lifeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Screw_gate_carabiner" class="mw-redirect" title="Screw gate carabiner">Screw gate carabiner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_locator_beacon" title="Emergency locator beacon">Emergency locator beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_tether" class="mw-redirect" title="Rescue tether">Rescue tether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Safety helmet">Safety helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark-proof_cage" class="mw-redirect" title="Shark-proof cage">Shark-proof cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snoopy_loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Snoopy loop">Snoopy loop</a></li> <li>Navigation equipment <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distance_line" title="Distance line">Distance line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_compass" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving compass">Diving compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_reel" class="mw-redirect" title="Dive reel">Dive reel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_marker" title="Line marker">Line marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_marker_buoy" title="Surface marker buoy">Surface marker buoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silt_screw" class="mw-redirect" title="Silt screw">Silt screw</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Underwater_breathing_apparatus" title="Underwater breathing apparatus">Underwater<br />breathing<br />apparatus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_diving_suit" title="Atmospheric diving suit">Atmospheric diving suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_cylinder" title="Diving cylinder">Diving cylinder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burst_disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Burst disc">Burst disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_cylinder_valve" title="Scuba cylinder valve">Scuba cylinder valve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_helmet" title="Diving helmet">Diving helmet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reclaim_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Reclaim helmet">Reclaim helmet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_regulator" title="Diving regulator">Diving regulator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_of_diving_regulators" title="Mechanism of diving regulators">Mechanism of diving regulators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulator_malfunction" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulator malfunction">Regulator malfunction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regulator_freeze" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulator freeze">Regulator freeze</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-hose_regulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-hose regulator">Single-hose regulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-hose_regulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin-hose regulator">Twin-hose regulator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-face_diving_mask" title="Full-face diving mask">Full-face diving mask</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Open-circuit_scuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-circuit scuba">Open-circuit<br />scuba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_set" title="Scuba set">Scuba set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailout_bottle" title="Bailout bottle">Bailout bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression cylinder">Decompression cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_doubles" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent doubles">Independent doubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifolded_twin_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Manifolded twin set">Manifolded twin set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_manifold" title="Scuba manifold">Scuba manifold</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_bottle" title="Pony bottle">Pony bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_configuration" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuba configuration">Scuba configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidemount" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidemount">Sidemount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Sling cylinder">Sling cylinder</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_rebreather" title="Diving rebreather">Diving rebreathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_scrubber" title="Carbon dioxide scrubber">Carbon dioxide scrubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carleton_CDBA" class="mw-redirect" title="Carleton CDBA">Carleton CDBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearance_Divers_Life_Support_Equipment" title="Clearance Divers Life Support Equipment">Clearance Divers Life Support Equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryogenic_rebreather" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryogenic rebreather">Cryogenic rebreather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUMA" title="CUMA">CUMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSEA" class="mw-redirect" title="DSEA">DSEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A4ger_Dolphin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dräger Dolphin">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halcyon_PVR-BASC" title="Halcyon PVR-BASC">Halcyon PVR-BASC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halcyon_RB80" title="Halcyon RB80">Halcyon RB80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDA71" title="IDA71">IDA71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interspiro_DCSC" title="Interspiro DCSC">Interspiro DCSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAR-5" class="mw-redirect" title="LAR-5">LAR-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAR-6" class="mw-redirect" title="LAR-6">LAR-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAR-V" class="mw-redirect" title="LAR-V">LAR-V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambertsen_Amphibious_Respiratory_Unit" title="Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit">LARU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_IV_Amphibian" title="Mark IV Amphibian">Mark IV Amphibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porpoise_(scuba_gear)" title="Porpoise (scuba gear)">Porpoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A4ger_Ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Dräger Ray">Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebe_Gorman_CDBA" title="Siebe Gorman CDBA">Siebe Gorman CDBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebe_Gorman_Salvus" title="Siebe Gorman Salvus">Salvus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siva_(rebreather)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siva (rebreather)">Siva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Surface-supplied_diving_equipment" title="Surface-supplied diving equipment">Surface-supplied<br />diving equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_line" title="Air line">Air line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver%27s_umbilical" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver's umbilical">Diver's umbilical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_air_compressor" title="Diving air compressor">Diving air compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_panel" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas panel">Gas panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hookah_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hookah (diving)">Hookah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuba replacement">Scuba replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuba" title="Snuba">Snuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_diving_dress" title="Standard diving dress">Standard diving dress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_diving_equipment_manufacturers" title="List of diving equipment manufacturers"> Diving<br />equipment<br />manufacturers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Diving" title="AP Diving">AP Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apeks" title="Apeks">Apeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Lung_America" title="Aqua Lung America">Aqua Lung America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Lung/La_Spirotechnique" title="Aqua Lung/La Spirotechnique">Aqua Lung/La Spirotechnique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuchat" title="Beuchat">Beuchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cavalero" title="René Cavalero">René Cavalero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cis-Lunar" title="Cis-Lunar">Cis-Lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cressi-Sub" title="Cressi-Sub">Cressi-Sub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacor_(scuba_diving)" title="Dacor (scuba diving)">Dacor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESCO" title="DESCO">DESCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_Xtras" title="Dive Xtras">Dive Xtras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divex" title="Divex">Divex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_Unlimited_International" title="Diving Unlimited International">Diving Unlimited International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A4gerwerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Drägerwerk">Drägerwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faber_Industrie_S.p.A." title="Faber Industrie S.p.A.">Faber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenzy" title="Fenzy">Fenzy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Fernez" title="Maurice Fernez">Maurice Fernez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Ferraro_(naval_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luigi Ferraro (naval officer)">Technisub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Gugen" title="Oscar Gugen">Oscar Gugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinke_(diving_equipment_manufacturer)" title="Heinke (diving equipment manufacturer)">Heinke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HeinrichsWeikamp" title="HeinrichsWeikamp">HeinrichsWeikamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Outdoors" title="Johnson Outdoors">Johnson Outdoors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mares_(scuba_equipment)" title="Mares (scuba equipment)">Mares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morse_Diving" title="Morse Diving">Morse Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemrod" title="Nemrod">Nemrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_Worldwide" title="Oceanic Worldwide">Oceanic Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porpoise_(scuba_gear)" title="Porpoise (scuba gear)">Porpoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearwater_Research" title="Shearwater Research">Shearwater Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebe_Gorman" title="Siebe Gorman">Siebe Gorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_Products" title="Submarine Products">Submarine Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suunto" title="Suunto">Suunto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diving_support_equipment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Diving_support_equipment" title="Diving support equipment">Diving support equipment</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Access equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_stirrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Boarding stirrup">Boarding stirrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_lift" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver lift">Diver lift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_bell" title="Diving bell">Diving bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_ladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving ladder">Diving ladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_platform_(scuba)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving platform (scuba)">Diving platform (scuba)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving stage">Diving stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downline_(diving)" title="Downline (diving)">Downline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackstay" title="Jackstay">Jackstay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_and_recovery_system_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch and recovery system (diving)">Launch and recovery system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_line" title="Messenger line">Messenger line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_pool" title="Moon pool">Moon pool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breathing gas<br />handling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_air_compressor#Filtration" title="Diving air compressor">Air filtration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activated_carbon" title="Activated carbon">Activated carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopcalite" title="Hopcalite">Hopcalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_sieve" title="Molecular sieve">Molecular sieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silica_gel" title="Silica gel">Silica gel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booster_pump" title="Booster pump">Booster pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_scrubber" title="Carbon dioxide scrubber">Carbon dioxide scrubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_filling_system" title="Cascade filling system">Cascade filling system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver%27s_pump" title="Diver's pump">Diver's pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_air_compressor" title="Diving air compressor">Diving air compressor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_air_filter" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving air filter">Diving air filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_separator" class="mw-redirect" title="Water separator">Water separator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_pressure_breathing_air_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="High pressure breathing air compressor">High pressure breathing air compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_pressure_breathing_air_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Low pressure breathing air compressor">Low pressure breathing air compressor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_blending" title="Gas blending">Gas blending</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_blending_for_scuba_diving" title="Gas blending for scuba diving">Gas blending for scuba diving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_panel" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas panel">Gas panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_reclaim_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas reclaim system">Gas reclaim system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_storage_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas storage bank">Gas storage bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_storage_quad" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas storage quad">Gas storage quad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_storage_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas storage tube">Gas storage tube</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium_analyzer" title="Helium analyzer">Helium analyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrox_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrox production">Nitrox production</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Membrane_gas_separation" title="Membrane gas separation">Membrane gas separation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_swing_adsorption" title="Pressure swing adsorption">Pressure swing adsorption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_analyser" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen analyser">Oxygen analyser</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electro-galvanic_oxygen_sensor" title="Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor">Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_compatibility" title="Oxygen compatibility">Oxygen compatibility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Decompression_equipment" title="Decompression equipment">Decompression<br />equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air-lock" class="mw-redirect" title="Air-lock">Air-lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Built-in_breathing_system" title="Built-in breathing system">Built-in breathing system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_tables" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression tables">Decompression tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_bell" title="Diving bell">Diving bell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_cursor" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell cursor">Bell cursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed bell">Closed bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clump_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Clump weight">Clump weight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_and_recovery_system_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch and recovery system (diving)">Launch and recovery system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Wet bell">Wet bell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_chamber" title="Diving chamber">Diving chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving stage">Diving stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_Dive_Planner" title="Recreational Dive Planner">Recreational Dive Planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturation_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturation system">Saturation system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dive_boat" title="Dive boat">Dive boat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_and_kayak_diving" title="Canoe and kayak diving">Canoe and kayak diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_rubber_raiding_craft" title="Combat rubber raiding craft">Combat rubber raiding craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liveaboard" title="Liveaboard">Liveaboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subskimmer" title="Subskimmer">Subskimmer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_support_vessel" title="Diving support vessel">Diving support vessel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Challenger_(K07)" title="HMS Challenger (K07)">HMS Challenger (K07)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Underwaterhabitat" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Underwater_habitat" title="Underwater habitat">Underwater<br />habitat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_Reef_Base" title="Aquarius Reef Base">Aquarius Reef Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Shelf_Station_Two" title="Continental Shelf Station Two">Continental Shelf Station Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helgoland_Habitat" title="Helgoland Habitat">Helgoland Habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Carpenter_Space_Analog_Station" title="Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station">Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEALAB" title="SEALAB">SEALAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tektite_habitat" title="Tektite habitat">Tektite habitat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Remotely_operated_underwater_vehicle" title="Remotely operated underwater vehicle">Remotely operated<br />underwater vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8A4-class_ROUV" title="8A4-class ROUV">8A4-class ROUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABISMO" title="ABISMO">ABISMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantis_ROV_Team" title="Atlantis ROV Team">Atlantis ROV Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COTSBot" title="COTSBot">COTSBot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CURV" title="CURV">CURV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Drone" title="Deep Drone">Deep Drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89paulard" title="Épaulard">Épaulard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Explorer_ROV" title="Global Explorer ROV">Global Explorer ROV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldfish-class_ROUV" title="Goldfish-class ROUV">Goldfish-class ROUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaik%C5%8D_ROV" title="Kaikō ROV">Kaikō ROV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%9Fif_ROUV" title="Kaşif ROUV">Kaşif ROUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-Term_Mine_Reconnaissance_System" title="Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System">Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_Rover_ROV" title="Mini Rover ROV">Mini Rover ROV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenROV" title="OpenROV">OpenROV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROV_KIEL_6000" title="ROV KIEL 6000">ROV KIEL 6000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROV_PHOCA" title="ROV PHOCA">ROV PHOCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpio_ROV" title="Scorpio ROV">Scorpio ROV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Dragon-class_ROV" title="Sea Dragon-class ROV">Sea Dragon-class ROV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seabed_tractor" title="Seabed tractor">Seabed tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafox_drone" title="Seafox drone">Seafox drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaPerch" title="SeaPerch">SeaPerch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SJT-class_ROUV" title="SJT-class ROUV">SJT-class ROUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T1200_Trenching_Unit" title="T1200 Trenching Unit">T1200 Trenching Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VideoRay_UROVs" title="VideoRay UROVs">VideoRay UROVs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Safety equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diver_down_flag" title="Diver down flag">Diver down flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_shot" title="Diving shot">Diving shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENOS_Rescue-System" title="ENOS Rescue-System">ENOS Rescue-System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_lifeboat" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperbaric lifeboat">Hyperbaric lifeboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_stretcher" title="Hyperbaric stretcher">Hyperbaric stretcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackstay_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackstay (diving)">Jackstay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonline" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonline">Jonline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_gas_supply_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve gas supply (diving)">Reserve gas supply</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_spread" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving spread">Diving spread</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_spread" class="mw-redirect" title="Air spread">Air spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturation_spread" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturation spread">Saturation spread</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_water_system_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot water system (diving)">Hot water system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_acoustic_positioning_system" title="Underwater acoustic positioning system">Underwater acoustic positioning system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_acoustic_communication" title="Underwater acoustic communication">Underwater acoustic communication</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Freediving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">Freediving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquathlon_(underwater_wrestling)" title="Aquathlon (underwater wrestling)">Aquathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apnoea_finswimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Apnoea finswimming">Apnoea finswimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">Freediving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haenyeo" title="Haenyeo">Haenyeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_hunting" title="Pearl hunting">Pearl hunting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ama_(diving)" title="Ama (diving)">Ama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snorkeling" title="Snorkeling">Snorkeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearfishing" title="Spearfishing">Spearfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_football" title="Underwater football">Underwater football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_hockey" title="Underwater hockey">Underwater hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_rugby" title="Underwater rugby">Underwater rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_target_shooting" title="Underwater target shooting">Underwater target shooting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Deep" title="Nordic Deep">Nordic Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_Blue" title="Vertical Blue">Vertical Blue</a></li> <li>Disciplines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constant_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Constant weight">Constant weight</a> (CWT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_weight_bi-fins" title="Constant weight bi-fins">Constant weight bi-fins</a> (CWTB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_weight_without_fins" title="Constant weight without fins">Constant weight without fins</a> (CNF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_apnea" title="Dynamic apnea">Dynamic apnea</a> (DYN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_apnea_without_fins" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic apnea without fins">Dynamic apnea without fins</a> (DNF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_immersion" class="mw-redirect" title="Free immersion">Free immersion</a> (FIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-limits_apnea" title="No-limits apnea">No-limits apnea</a> (NLT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Static_apnea" title="Static apnea">Static apnea</a> (STA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandalopetra_diving" title="Skandalopetra diving">Skandalopetra diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_weight_apnea" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable weight apnea">Variable weight apnea</a> (VWT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_weight_apnea_without_fins" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable weight apnea without fins">Variable weight apnea without fins</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_mask" title="Diving mask">Diving mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_suit" title="Diving suit">Diving suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_sling" title="Hawaiian sling">Hawaiian sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polespear" title="Polespear">Polespear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snorkel_(swimming)" title="Snorkel (swimming)">Snorkel (swimming)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speargun" title="Speargun">Speargun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimfin" title="Swimfin">Swimfins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monofin" title="Monofin">Monofin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_polo_cap" title="Water polo cap">Water polo cap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Freedivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Andollo" title="Deborah Andollo">Deborah Andollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Arrigoni" title="Simone Arrigoni">Simone Arrigoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peppo_Biscarini" title="Peppo Biscarini">Peppo Biscarini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Board" title="Michael Board">Michael Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Campbell" title="Sara Campbell">Sara Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derya_Can_G%C3%B6%C3%A7en" class="mw-redirect" title="Derya Can Göçen">Derya Can Göçen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goran_%C4%8Colak" title="Goran Čolak">Goran Čolak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Coste" title="Carlos Coste">Carlos Coste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Croft_(diver)" title="Robert Croft (diver)">Robert Croft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandy-Rae_Cruickshank" title="Mandy-Rae Cruickshank">Mandy-Rae Cruickshank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasemin_Dalk%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7" title="Yasemin Dalkılıç">Yasemin Dalkılıç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_D%27Imporzano" title="Leonardo D'Imporzano">Leonardo D'Imporzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavia_Eberhard" title="Flavia Eberhard">Flavia Eberhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eahika_Erc%C3%BCmen" title="Şahika Ercümen">Şahika Ercümen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Farrell_(freediver)" title="Emma Farrell (freediver)">Emma Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferreras" title="Francisco Ferreras">Francisco Ferreras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Frolla" title="Pierre Frolla">Pierre Frolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavia_Eberhard" title="Flavia Eberhard">Flavia Eberhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehgan_Heaney-Grier" title="Mehgan Heaney-Grier">Mehgan Heaney-Grier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Kristoffersen" title="Elisabeth Kristoffersen">Elisabeth Kristoffersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Yevhenovych_Khvetkevych" class="mw-redirect" title="Andriy Yevhenovych Khvetkevych">Andriy Yevhenovych Khvetkevych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%AFc_Leferme" title="Loïc Leferme">Loïc Leferme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzo_Maiorca" title="Enzo Maiorca">Enzo Maiorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Mayol" title="Jacques Mayol">Jacques Mayol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Mestre" title="Audrey Mestre">Audrey Mestre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Meyer" title="Karol Meyer">Karol Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Middleton_(free-diver)" title="Kate Middleton (free-diver)">Kate Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mifsud" title="Stéphane Mifsud">Stéphane Mifsud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Molchanov" title="Alexey Molchanov">Alexey Molchanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Molchanova" title="Natalia Molchanova">Natalia Molchanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Mullins_(freediver)" title="Dave Mullins (freediver)">Dave Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Musimu" title="Patrick Musimu">Patrick Musimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_N%C3%A9ry" title="Guillaume Néry">Guillaume Néry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Nitsch" title="Herbert Nitsch">Herbert Nitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Pelizzari" title="Umberto Pelizzari">Umberto Pelizzari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liv_Philip" title="Liv Philip">Liv Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annelie_Pompe" title="Annelie Pompe">Annelie Pompe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stig_Severinsen" title="Stig Severinsen">Stig Severinsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Sietas" title="Tom Sietas">Tom Sietas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aharon_Solomons" title="Aharon Solomons">Aharon Solomons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_%C5%A0t%C4%9Bp%C3%A1nek_(free-diver)" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Štěpánek (free-diver)">Martin Štěpánek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Steyn" title="Walter Steyn">Walter Steyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanya_Streeter" title="Tanya Streeter">Tanya Streeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Trubridge" title="William Trubridge">William Trubridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devrim_Cenk_Ulusoy" title="Devrim Cenk Ulusoy">Devrim Cenk Ulusoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_Uruk" title="Fatma Uruk">Fatma Uruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danai_Varveri" title="Danai Varveri">Danai Varveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessia_Zecchini" title="Alessia Zecchini">Alessia Zecchini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nataliia_Zharkova" title="Nataliia Zharkova">Nataliia Zharkova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hazards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barotrauma" title="Barotrauma">Barotrauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drowning" title="Drowning">Drowning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freediving_blackout" title="Freediving blackout">Freediving blackout</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep-water_blackout" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep-water blackout">Deep-water blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freediving_blackout#Terminology" title="Freediving blackout">Shallow-water blackout</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypercapnia" title="Hypercapnia">Hypercapnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">Hypothermia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ama_(diving)" title="Ama (diving)">Ama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_wrestling" title="Octopus wrestling">Octopus wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_underwater_swimming" title="Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming">Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_International" title="AIDA International">AIDA International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_Schools_International" title="Scuba Schools International">Scuba Schools International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Underwater_Federation" title="Australian Underwater Federation">Australian Underwater Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Freediving_Association" title="British Freediving Association">British Freediving Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Fran%C3%A7aise_d%27%C3%89tudes_et_de_Sports_Sous-Marins" title="Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins">Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_Freediving_International" title="Performance Freediving International">Performance Freediving International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Professional_diving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Professional_diving" title="Professional diving">Professional diving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ama_(diving)" title="Ama (diving)">Ama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial diver">Commercial diver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_offshore_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial offshore diver">Commercial offshore diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazmat_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazmat diver">Hazmat diver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divemaster" title="Divemaster">Divemaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_instructor" title="Diving instructor">Diving instructor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_safety_officer" title="Diving safety officer">Diving safety officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_superintendent" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving superintendent">Diving superintendent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_supervisor" title="Diving supervisor">Diving supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haenyeo" title="Haenyeo">Haenyeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Media diver">Media diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Police diver">Police diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_safety_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Public safety diver">Public safety diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific diver">Scientific diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_archaeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwater archaeologist">Underwater archaeologist</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Militarydiving" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_diving" title="Military diving">Military<br />diving</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_engineer_diver" title="Army engineer diver">Army engineer diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces_Divers" title="Canadian Armed Forces Divers">Canadian Armed Forces Divers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearance_diver" title="Clearance diver">Clearance diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogman" title="Frogman">Frogman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minentaucher" title="Minentaucher">Minentaucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_ships_diver" title="Royal Navy ships diver">Royal Navy ships diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_divers" title="United States military divers">United States military divers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navy_diver_(United_States_Navy)" title="Navy diver (United States Navy)">U.S. Navy diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_diver_(United_States_Navy)" title="Master diver (United States Navy)">U.S.Navy master diver</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Militarydivingunits" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_diving_units" title="List of military diving units">Military<br />diving<br />units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clearance_Diving_Branch_(RAN)" title="Clearance Diving Branch (RAN)">Clearance Diving Branch (RAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commando_Hubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Commando Hubert">Commando Hubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Special_Operations_Force" title="Lithuanian Special Operations Force">Combat Divers Service (Lithuania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comando_Raggruppamento_Subacquei_e_Incursori_Teseo_Tesei" title="Comando Raggruppamento Subacquei e Incursori Teseo Tesei">Comando Raggruppamento Subacquei e Incursori Teseo Tesei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decima_Flottiglia_MAS" title="Decima Flottiglia MAS">Decima Flottiglia MAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogman_Corps_(Denmark)" title="Frogman Corps (Denmark)">Frogman Corps (Denmark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuerzas_Especiales" title="Fuerzas Especiales">Fuerzas Especiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukuryu" title="Fukuryu">Fukuryu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRUMEC" title="GRUMEC">GRUMEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grup_Gerak_Khas" class="mw-redirect" title="Grup Gerak Khas">Grup Gerak Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdkommando" title="Jagdkommando">Jagdkommando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JW_Formoza" class="mw-redirect" title="JW Formoza">JW Formoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JW_GROM" class="mw-redirect" title="JW GROM">JW GROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JW_Komandos%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="JW Komandosów">JW Komandosów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kommando_Spezialkr%C3%A4fte_Marine" title="Kommando Spezialkräfte Marine">Kommando Spezialkräfte Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOPASKA" title="KOPASKA">KOPASKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MARCOS" title="MARCOS">MARCOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Commandos" title="Marine Commandos">Marine Commandos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinejegerkommandoen" title="Marinejegerkommandoen">Marinejegerkommandoen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Raider_Regiment" title="Marine Raider Regiment">Marine Raider Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minedykkerkommandoen" title="Minedykkerkommandoen">Minedykkerkommandoen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_Marine_Corps#Operational_Diving_Unit" title="Namibian Marine Corps">Namibian Marine Corps Operational Diving Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Diving_Unit_(Singapore)" title="Naval Diving Unit (Singapore)">Naval Diving Unit (Singapore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Service_Diving_Section" title="Naval Service Diving Section">Naval Service Diving Section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Special_Operations_Command" title="Naval Special Operations Command">Naval Special Operations Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operational_Diving_Division_(SA_Navy)" title="Operational Diving Division (SA Navy)">Operational Diving Division (SA Navy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_commando_frogmen" title="Russian commando frogmen">Russian commando frogmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappers_Divers_Group" title="Sappers Divers Group">Sappers Divers Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayetet_13" title="Shayetet 13">Shayetet 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">Special Air Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service_Regiment" title="Special Air Service Regiment">Special Air Service Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Actions_Detachment" title="Special Actions Detachment">Special Actions Detachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Service" title="Special Boat Service">Special Boat Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Squadron_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Special Boat Squadron (Sri Lanka)">Special Boat Squadron (Sri Lanka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_Command_(Turkey)" title="Special Forces Command (Turkey)">Special Forces Command (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_Group_(Belgium)" title="Special Forces Group (Belgium)">Special Forces Group (Belgium)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Battalion_(Croatia)" title="Special Operations Battalion (Croatia)">Special Operations Battalion (Croatia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Service_Group_(Navy)" title="Special Service Group (Navy)">Special Service Group (Navy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Warfare_Diving_and_Salvage" title="Special Warfare Diving and Salvage">Special Warfare Diving and Salvage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_Divers_Group" title="Tactical Divers Group">Tactical Divers Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Force_Reconnaissance" title="United States Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance">US Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Reconnaissance_Battalions" title="United States Marine Corps Reconnaissance Battalions">US Marine Corps Reconnaissance Battalions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_SEALs" title="United States Navy SEALs">US Navy SEALs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Construction_Teams" title="Underwater Construction Teams">Underwater Construction Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Demolition_Command" title="Underwater Demolition Command">Underwater Demolition Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Demolition_Team" title="Underwater Demolition Team">Underwater Demolition Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Offence_(Turkish_Armed_Forces)" title="Underwater Offence (Turkish Armed Forces)">Underwater Offence (Turkish Armed Forces)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNGERIN" title="UNGERIN">UNGERIN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Underwater_work" title="Underwater work">Underwater<br />work</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_offshore_diving" title="Commercial offshore diving">Commercial offshore diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_leader" title="Dive leader">Dive leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_training" title="Diver training">Diver training</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_diver_training" title="Recreational diver training">Recreational diver training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazmat_diving" title="Hazmat diving">Hazmat diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_welding" title="Hyperbaric welding">Hyperbaric welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_construction" title="Marine construction">Marine construction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_construction" title="Offshore construction">Offshore construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_construction" title="Underwater construction">Underwater construction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_diving" title="Media diving">Media diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_hunting" title="Pearl hunting">Pearl hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_diving" title="Police diving">Police diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potable_water_diving" title="Potable water diving">Potable water diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_safety_diving" title="Public safety diving">Public safety diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_diving" title="Scientific diving">Scientific diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ships_husbandry" title="Ships husbandry">Ships husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponge_diving" title="Sponge diving">Sponge diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_pipeline" title="Submarine pipeline">Submarine pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_archaeology" title="Underwater archaeology">Underwater archaeology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_shipwrecks" title="Archaeology of shipwrecks">Archaeology of shipwrecks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_cutting_and_welding" title="Underwater cutting and welding">Underwater cutting and welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_demolition" title="Underwater demolition">Underwater demolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_inspection" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwater inspection">Underwater inspection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nondestructive_testing" title="Nondestructive testing">Nondestructive testing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_logging" title="Underwater logging">Underwater logging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_photography" title="Underwater photography">Underwater photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_search_and_recovery" title="Underwater search and recovery">Underwater search and recovery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_searches" title="Underwater searches">Underwater searches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_videography" title="Underwater videography">Underwater videography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_survey" title="Underwater survey">Underwater survey</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Salvage_diving" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salvage_diving" title="Salvage diving">Salvage diving</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Egypt" title="SS Egypt">SS <i>Egypt</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronan_(ship)" title="Kronan (ship)"><i>Kronan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Belle_(ship)" title="La Belle (ship)"><i>La Belle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Laurentic_(1908)" title="SS Laurentic (1908)">SS <i>Laurentic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Lusitania" title="RMS Lusitania">RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_warship_Mars" title="Swedish warship Mars"><i>Mars</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Rose" title="Mary Rose"><i>Mary Rose</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Monitor" title="USS Monitor">USS <i>Monitor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Royal_George_(1756)" title="HMS Royal George (1756)">HMS <i>Royal George</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasa_(ship)" title="Vasa (ship)"><i>Vasa</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_contractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving contractor">Diving<br />contractors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compagnie_maritime_d%27expertises" title="Compagnie maritime d'expertises">COMEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helix_Energy_Solutions_Group" title="Helix Energy Solutions Group">Helix Energy Solutions Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Marine_Contractors_Association" title="International Marine Contractors Association">International Marine Contractors Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools and<br />equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrasive_waterjet" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrasive waterjet">Abrasive waterjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airlift_(dredging_device)" title="Airlift (dredging device)">Airlift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baited_remote_underwater_video" title="Baited remote underwater video">Baited remote underwater video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-water_surface_cleaning" title="In-water surface cleaning">In-water surface cleaning</a> <ul><li>Brush cart</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitation_cleaning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cavitation cleaning (page does not exist)">Cavitation cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_washing" title="Pressure washing">Pressure washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigging" title="Pigging">Pigging</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_stab" title="Hot stab">Hot stab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifting_bag" title="Lifting bag">Lifting bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remotely_operated_underwater_vehicle" title="Remotely operated underwater vehicle">Remotely operated underwater vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_lance" title="Thermal lance">Thermal lance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremie" title="Tremie">Tremie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_jetting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Water jetting (page does not exist)">Water jetting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater<br />weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limpet_mine" title="Limpet mine">Limpet mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speargun" title="Speargun">Speargun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_sling" title="Hawaiian sling">Hawaiian sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polespear" title="Polespear">Polespear</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Underwaterfirearm" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Underwater_firearm" title="Underwater firearm">Underwater<br />firearm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyrojet" title="Gyrojet">Gyrojet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_1_Underwater_Defense_Gun" title="Mk 1 Underwater Defense Gun">Mk 1 Underwater Defense Gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerhead_(firearm)" title="Powerhead (firearm)">Powerhead</a></li> <li>Underwater pistols <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_P11" title="Heckler & Koch P11">Heckler & Koch P11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPP-1_underwater_pistol" title="SPP-1 underwater pistol">SPP-1 underwater pistol</a></li></ul></li> <li>Underwater revolvers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AAI_underwater_revolver" title="AAI underwater revolver">AAI underwater revolver</a></li></ul></li> <li>Underwater rifles <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADS_amphibious_rifle" title="ADS amphibious rifle">ADS amphibious rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APS_underwater_rifle" title="APS underwater rifle">APS underwater rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASM-DT_amphibious_rifle" title="ASM-DT amphibious rifle">ASM-DT amphibious rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QBS-06" title="QBS-06">QBS-06</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Recreational_diving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Recreational_diving" title="Recreational diving">Recreational diving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_dive_sites" title="Recreational dive sites">Recreational dive sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_recreational_dive_sites" title="Index of recreational dive sites">Index of recreational dive sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wreck_diving_sites" title="List of wreck diving sites">List of wreck diving sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_recreational_dive_sites" title="Outline of recreational dive sites">Outline of recreational dive sites</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altitude_diving" title="Altitude diving">Altitude diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_diving" title="Cave diving">Cave diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_diving" title="Deep diving">Deep diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_diving" title="Ice diving">Ice diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muck_diving" title="Muck diving">Muck diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-water_diving" title="Open-water diving">Open-water diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebreather_diving" title="Rebreather diving">Rebreather diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidemount_diving" title="Sidemount diving">Sidemount diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_diving" title="Solo diving">Solo diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_diving" title="Technical diving">Technical diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_photography" title="Underwater photography">Underwater photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wreck_diving" title="Wreck diving">Wreck diving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diver_organisations" title="Diver organisations">Diver<br />organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Sub-Aqua_Club" title="British Sub-Aqua Club">British Sub-Aqua Club</a> (BSAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_Divers_Association_of_Australia" title="Cave Divers Association of Australia">Cave Divers Association of Australia</a> (CDAA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_Diving_Group" title="Cave Diving Group">Cave Diving Group</a> (CDG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comhairle_Fo-Thuinn" title="Comhairle Fo-Thuinn">Comhairle Fo-Thuinn</a> (CFT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a> (CMAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Actividades_Subacu%C3%A1ticas" title="Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas">Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas</a> (FEDAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Fran%C3%A7aise_d%27%C3%89tudes_et_de_Sports_Sous-Marins" title="Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins">Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins</a> (FFESSM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Handicapped_Divers" title="International Association for Handicapped Divers">International Association for Handicapped Divers</a> (IAHD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintana_Roo_Speleological_Survey" title="Quintana Roo Speleological Survey">Quintana Roo Speleological Survey</a> (QRSS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodville_Karst_Plain_Project" title="Woodville Karst Plain Project">Woodville Karst Plain Project</a> (WKPP)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diving tourism<br />industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dive_center" title="Dive center">Dive center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_in_East_Timor" title="Diving in East Timor">Diving in East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_in_the_Maldives" title="Diving in the Maldives">Diving in the Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_recreational_diving" title="Environmental impact of recreational diving">Environmental impact of recreational diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving_tourism" title="Scuba diving tourism">Scuba diving tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Scuba diving in the Cayman Islands">Scuba diving in the Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_tourism" title="Shark tourism">Shark tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_ships_for_wreck_diving_sites" title="Sinking ships for wreck diving sites">Sinking ships for wreck diving sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving_on_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwater diving on Guam">Underwater diving on Guam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diving events<br />and festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversnight" title="Diversnight">Diversnight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Bike_Race" title="Underwater Bike Race">Underwater Bike Race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diving_safety" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Diving_safety" title="Diving safety">Diving safety</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_factors_in_diving_equipment_design" title="Human factors in diving equipment design">Human factors in diving equipment design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_factors_in_diving_safety" title="Human factors in diving safety">Human factors in diving safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life-support_system" title="Life-support system">Life-support system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety-critical_system" title="Safety-critical system">Safety-critical system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving_fatalities" title="Scuba diving fatalities">Scuba diving fatalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving_emergency" title="Underwater diving emergency">Underwater diving emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_safety" title="Water safety">Water safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_surface_searches" title="Water surface searches">Water surface searches</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_hazards" title="Diving hazards">Diving<br />hazards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diving_hazards_and_precautions" title="List of diving hazards and precautions">List of diving hazards and precautions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazards_of_the_diving_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazards of the diving environment">Environmental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_current" title="Ocean current">Current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta-P_(hazard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta-P (hazard)">Delta-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entanglement_(hazard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Entanglement (hazard)">Entanglement hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetration_diving" title="Penetration diving">Overhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silt_out" title="Silt out">Silt out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave action">Wave action</a></li></ul></li> <li>Equipment <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freeflow" title="Freeflow">Freeflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diving_hazards_and_precautions#Use_of_breathing_equipment_in_an_underwater_environment" title="List of diving hazards and precautions">Use of breathing equipment in an underwater environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diving_hazards_and_precautions#Failure_of_diving_equipment_other_than_breathing_apparatus" title="List of diving hazards and precautions">Failure of diving equipment other than breathing apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_point_of_failure" title="Single point of failure">Single point of failure</a></li></ul></li> <li>Physiological <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_shock_response" title="Cold shock response">Cold shock response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_(diving)" title="Decompression (diving)">Decompression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_narcosis" title="Nitrogen narcosis">Nitrogen narcosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity" title="Oxygen toxicity">Oxygen toxicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasickness" class="mw-redirect" title="Seasickness">Seasickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncontrolled_decompression" title="Uncontrolled decompression">Uncontrolled decompression</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diving_hazards_and_precautions#Diver_behaviour_and_competence" title="List of diving hazards and precautions">Diver behaviour and competence</a> <ul><li>Lack of <a href="/wiki/Competence_(human_resources)" title="Competence (human resources)">competence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overconfidence_effect" title="Overconfidence effect">Overconfidence effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic" title="Panic">Panic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_loading" title="Task loading">Task loading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anxiety#Trait" title="Anxiety">Trait anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willful_violation" title="Willful violation">Willful violation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Consequences" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consequences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barotrauma" title="Barotrauma">Barotrauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_sickness" title="Decompression sickness">Decompression sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drowning" title="Drowning">Drowning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">Hypothermia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypoxia (medical)">Hypoxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypercapnia" title="Hypercapnia">Hypercapnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">Hyperthermia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-freezing_cold_injury" title="Non-freezing cold injury">Non-freezing cold injury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_procedures" title="Diving procedures">Diving<br />procedures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascending_and_descending_(diving)" title="Ascending and descending (diving)">Ascending and descending</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_ascent" title="Emergency ascent">Emergency ascent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat diving">Boat diving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_and_kayak_diving" title="Canoe and kayak diving">Canoe and kayak diving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_diving" title="Buddy diving">Buddy diving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_check" title="Buddy check">buddy check</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_(diving)" title="Decompression (diving)">Decompression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_practice" title="Decompression practice">Decompression practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyle_stop" title="Pyle stop">Pyle stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratio_decompression" title="Ratio decompression">Ratio decompression</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_briefing" title="Dive briefing">Dive briefing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_log" title="Dive log">Dive log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_planning" title="Dive planning">Dive planning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_thirds_(diving)" title="Rule of thirds (diving)">Rule of thirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_gas_planning" title="Scuba gas planning">Scuba gas planning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_communications" title="Diver communications">Diver communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_rescue" title="Diver rescue">Diver rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_training" title="Diver training">Diver training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doing_It_Right_(scuba_diving)" title="Doing It Right (scuba diving)">Doing It Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drift_diving" title="Drift diving">Drift diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_blending_for_scuba_diving" title="Gas blending for scuba diving">Gas blending for scuba diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_diving" title="Night diving">Night diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebreather_diving" title="Rebreather diving">Rebreather diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_gas_management" title="Scuba gas management">Scuba gas management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_diving" title="Solo diving">Solo diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_diving" title="Wall diving">Wall diving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk<br />management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Checklist" title="Checklist">Checklist</a></li> <li>Hazard identification and risk assessment <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_analysis" title="Hazard analysis">Hazard analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_safety_analysis" title="Job safety analysis">Job safety analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_assessment" title="Risk assessment">Risk assessment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_evacuation_and_rescue" title="Hyperbaric evacuation and rescue">Hyperbaric evacuation and rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_control" title="Risk control">Risk control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls" title="Hierarchy of hazard controls">Hierarchy of hazard controls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incident_pit" title="Incident pit">Incident pit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockout%E2%80%93tagout" title="Lockout–tagout">Lockout–tagout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permit_To_Work" class="mw-redirect" title="Permit To Work">Permit To Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redundancy_(engineering)" title="Redundancy (engineering)">Redundancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">Safety data sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_awareness" title="Situation awareness">Situation awareness</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_team" title="Diving team">Diving team</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bellman_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellman (diving)">Bellman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber operator">Chamber operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_medical_technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver medical technician">Diver medical technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver%27s_attendant" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver's attendant">Diver's attendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_supervisor" title="Diving supervisor">Diving supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_systems_technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving systems technician">Diving systems technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_man" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas man">Gas man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_support_technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Life support technician">Life support technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-by_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Stand-by diver">Stand-by diver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment<br />safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breathing_gas_quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Breathing gas quality">Breathing gas quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testing_and_inspection_of_diving_cylinders" title="Testing and inspection of diving cylinders">Testing and inspection of diving cylinders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_test" title="Hydrostatic test">Hydrostatic test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustained_load_cracking" title="Sustained load cracking">Sustained load cracking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_regulator" title="Diving regulator">Diving regulator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breathing_performance_of_regulators" title="Breathing performance of regulators">Breathing performance of regulators</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational<br />safety and<br />health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Diving_Contractors_International" title="Association of Diving Contractors International">Association of Diving Contractors International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Marine_Contractors_Association" title="International Marine Contractors Association">International Marine Contractors Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_practice" title="Code of practice">Code of practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contingency_plan" title="Contingency plan">Contingency plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_regulations" title="Diving regulations">Diving regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_response_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency response plan">Emergency response plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_safety_officer" title="Diving safety officer">Diving safety officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_superintendent" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving superintendent">Diving superintendent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_supervisor" title="Diving supervisor">Diving supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_manual" title="Operations manual">Operations manual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_operating_procedure" title="Standard operating procedure">Standard operating procedure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diving_medicine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Diving_medicine" title="Diving medicine">Diving medicine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_disorders" title="Diving disorders">Diving<br />disorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_signs_and_symptoms_of_diving_disorders" title="List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders">List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramp" title="Cramp">Cramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_sickness" title="Motion sickness">Motion sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfer%27s_ear" title="Surfer's ear">Surfer's ear</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pressure<br />related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternobaric_vertigo" title="Alternobaric vertigo">Alternobaric vertigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barostriction" class="mw-redirect" title="Barostriction">Barostriction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotrauma" title="Barotrauma">Barotrauma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_embolism" title="Air embolism">Air embolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerosinusitis" title="Aerosinusitis">Aerosinusitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barodontalgia" title="Barodontalgia">Barodontalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dental_barotrauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental barotrauma">Dental barotrauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_ear_barotrauma" title="Middle ear barotrauma">Middle ear barotrauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_barotrauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonary barotrauma">Pulmonary barotrauma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compression_arthralgia" title="Compression arthralgia">Compression arthralgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_illness" title="Decompression illness">Decompression illness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysbarism" title="Dysbarism">Dysbarism</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oxygen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freediving_blackout" title="Freediving blackout">Freediving blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperoxia" title="Hyperoxia">Hyperoxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypoxia (medical)">Hypoxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity" title="Oxygen toxicity">Oxygen toxicity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inert gases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avascular_necrosis" title="Avascular necrosis">Avascular necrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_sickness" title="Decompression sickness">Decompression sickness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysbaric_osteonecrosis" title="Dysbaric osteonecrosis">Dysbaric osteonecrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_ear_decompression_sickness" title="Inner ear decompression sickness">Inner ear decompression sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isobaric_counterdiffusion" title="Isobaric counterdiffusion">Isobaric counterdiffusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taravana" title="Taravana">Taravana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-pressure_nervous_syndrome" title="High-pressure nervous syndrome">High-pressure nervous syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_narcosis" title="Hydrogen narcosis">Hydrogen narcosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_narcosis" title="Nitrogen narcosis">Nitrogen narcosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carbon dioxide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypercapnia" title="Hypercapnia">Hypercapnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocapnia" title="Hypocapnia">Hypocapnia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breathing gas<br />contaminants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide_poisoning" title="Carbon monoxide poisoning">Carbon monoxide poisoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immersion<br />related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asphyxia" title="Asphyxia">Asphyxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drowning" title="Drowning">Drowning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">Hypothermia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_diuresis" class="mw-redirect" title="Immersion diuresis">Immersion diuresis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instinctive_drowning_response" title="Instinctive drowning response">Instinctive drowning response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laryngospasm" title="Laryngospasm">Laryngospasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_water_aspiration_syndrome" title="Salt water aspiration syndrome">Salt water aspiration syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming-induced_pulmonary_edema" title="Swimming-induced pulmonary edema">Swimming-induced pulmonary edema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treatment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demand_valve_oxygen_therapy" title="Demand valve oxygen therapy">Demand valve oxygen therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_aid" title="First aid">First aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_medicine" title="Hyperbaric medicine">Hyperbaric medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_treatment_schedules" title="Hyperbaric treatment schedules">Hyperbaric treatment schedules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-water_recompression" title="In-water recompression">In-water recompression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_therapy" title="Oxygen therapy">Oxygen therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_recompression" class="mw-redirect" title="Therapeutic recompression">Therapeutic recompression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_Medical_Examiner" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving Medical Examiner">Diving Medical Examiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_Medical_Practitioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving Medical Practitioner">Diving Medical Practitioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_Medical_Technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving Medical Technician">Diving Medical Technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_nursing" title="Hyperbaric nursing">Hyperbaric nursing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screening</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atrial_septal_defect" title="Atrial septal defect">Atrial septal defect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_drugs_on_fitness_to_dive" class="mw-redirect" title="Effects of drugs on fitness to dive">Effects of drugs on fitness to dive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_to_dive" title="Fitness to dive">Fitness to dive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_fitness_to_dive" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological fitness to dive">Psychological fitness to dive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_researchers_in_diving_physiology_and_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of researchers in diving physiology and medicine">Researchers in<br />diving physiology<br />and medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Bachrach" title="Arthur J. Bachrach">Arthur J. Bachrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_R._Behnke" title="Albert R. Behnke">Albert R. Behnke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_B._Bennett" title="Peter B. Bennett">Peter B. Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bert" title="Paul Bert">Paul Bert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Bond" title="George F. Bond">George F. Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_O._Brubakk" title="Alf O. Brubakk">Alf O. Brubakk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_A._B%C3%BChlmann" title="Albert A. Bühlmann">Albert A. Bühlmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Clarke_(scientist)" title="John R. Clarke (scientist)">John R. Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guybon_Chesney_Castell_Damant" title="Guybon Chesney Castell Damant">Guybon Chesney Castell Damant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_William_Donald" title="Kenneth William Donald">Kenneth William Donald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paul_Fife" title="William Paul Fife">William Paul Fife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Haldane" title="John Scott Haldane">John Scott Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Hamilton_Jr." title="Robert William Hamilton Jr.">Robert William Hamilton Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Valence_Hempleman" title="Henry Valence Hempleman">Henry Valence Hempleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Erskine_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonard Erskine Hill">Leonard Erskine Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Andrew_Hills" title="Brian Andrew Hills">Brian Andrew Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Hoppe-Seyler" title="Felix Hoppe-Seyler">Felix Hoppe-Seyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_J._Lambertsen" title="Christian J. Lambertsen">Christian J. Lambertsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Mitchell" title="Simon Mitchell">Simon Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Momsen" title="Charles Momsen">Charles Momsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_W._Pollock" title="Neal W. Pollock">Neal W. Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawlins_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Rawlins (Royal Navy officer)">John Rawlins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wesley_Shilling" title="Charles Wesley Shilling">Charles Wesley Shilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_D._Thalmann" title="Edward D. Thalmann">Edward D. Thalmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Triger" title="Jacques Triger">Jacques Triger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diving medical<br />research<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Medical_Association" title="Aerospace Medical Association">Aerospace Medical Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divers_Alert_Network" title="Divers Alert Network">Divers Alert Network</a> (DAN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_Diseases_Research_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving Diseases Research Centre">Diving Diseases Research Centre</a> (DDRC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_Medical_Advisory_Council" title="Diving Medical Advisory Council">Diving Medical Advisory Council</a> (DMAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Diving_Technology_Committee" title="European Diving Technology Committee">European Diving Technology Committee</a> (EDTC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Underwater_and_Baromedical_Society" title="European Underwater and Baromedical Society">European Underwater and Baromedical Society</a> (EUBS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Diving_and_Hyperbaric_Medical_Technology" title="National Board of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Technology">National Board of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Submarine_Medical_Research_Laboratory" title="Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory">Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy_School_of_Underwater_Medicine" title="Royal Australian Navy School of Underwater Medicine">Royal Australian Navy School of Underwater Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubicon_Foundation" title="Rubicon Foundation">Rubicon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_Underwater_Medicine_Society" title="South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society">South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society</a> (SPUMS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Underwater_and_Hyperbaric_Medical_Association" title="Southern African Underwater and Hyperbaric Medical Association">Southern African Underwater and Hyperbaric Medical Association</a> (SAUHMA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undersea_and_Hyperbaric_Medical_Society" title="Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society">Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society</a> (UHMS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Experimental_Diving_Unit" title="United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit">United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit</a> (NEDU)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Law</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liability_in_recreational_diving" title="Civil liability in recreational diving">Civil liability in recreational diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_regulations" title="Diving regulations">Diving regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duty_of_care" title="Duty of care">Duty of care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislation_regulating_underwater_diving" title="List of legislation regulating underwater diving">List of legislation regulating underwater diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigation_of_diving_accidents" title="Investigation of diving accidents">Investigation of diving accidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Protection_of_the_Underwater_Cultural_Heritage" title="Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage">Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History_of_underwater_diving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_underwater_diving" title="History of underwater diving">History of underwater diving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_decompression_research_and_development" title="History of decompression research and development">History of decompression research and development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_dive_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="History of dive computers">History of dive computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Diving_Museum" title="History of Diving Museum">History of Diving Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_scuba_diving" title="History of scuba diving">History of scuba diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_researchers_in_underwater_diving" title="List of researchers in underwater diving">List of researchers in underwater diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyons_Maritime_Museum" title="Lyons Maritime Museum">Lyons Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_in_the_Sea_Museum" title="Man in the Sea Museum">Man in the Sea Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_atmospheric_diving_suits" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of atmospheric diving suits">Timeline of atmospheric diving suits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_diving_technology" title="Timeline of diving technology">Timeline of diving technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearling_in_Western_Australia" title="Pearling in Western Australia">Pearling in Western Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Navy_decompression_models_and_tables" title="US Navy decompression models and tables">US Navy decompression models and tables</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archeological<br />sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Commodore" title="SS Commodore">SS <i>Commodore</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Monitor" title="USS Monitor">USS <i>Monitor</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_Revenge" title="Queen Anne's Revenge">Queen Anne's Revenge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Whydah_Gally" title="Whydah Gally">Whydah Gally</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater art<br />and artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Diver" title="The Diver">The Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_deCaires_Taylor" title="Jason deCaires Taylor">Jason deCaires Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engineers<br />and inventors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_de_Ayanz_y_Beaumont" title="Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont">Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Beebe" title="William Beebe">William Beebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Beuchat" title="Georges Beuchat">Georges Beuchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Alfonso_Borelli" title="Giovanni Alfonso Borelli">Giovanni Alfonso Borelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Martin_Cabirol" title="Joseph-Martin Cabirol">Joseph-Martin Cabirol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Clarke_(scientist)" title="John R. Clarke (scientist)">John R. Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Anthony_Deane" title="Charles Anthony Deane">Charles Anthony Deane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Deane_(inventor)" title="John Deane (inventor)">John Deane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Corlieu" title="Louis de Corlieu">Louis de Corlieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Denayrouze" title="Auguste Denayrouze">Auguste Denayrouze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Eldred" title="Ted Eldred">Ted Eldred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fleuss" title="Henry Fleuss">Henry Fleuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Gagnan" title="Émile Gagnan">Émile Gagnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Heinrich_Klingert" title="Karl Heinrich Klingert">Karl Heinrich Klingert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft_(diver)" title="Peter Kreeft (diver)">Peter Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_J._Lambertsen" title="Christian J. Lambertsen">Christian J. Lambertsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Le_Prieur" title="Yves Le Prieur">Yves Le Prieur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lethbridge" title="John Lethbridge">John Lethbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_William_Moir" title="Ernest William Moir">Ernest William Moir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Salim_Peress" title="Joseph Salim Peress">Joseph Salim Peress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Piccard" title="Auguste Piccard">Auguste Piccard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Savoie" title="Joe Savoie">Joe Savoie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Franklyn_Searle" title="Willard Franklyn Searle">Willard Franklyn Searle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Smith_(inventor)" title="Gordon Smith (inventor)">Gordon Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Siebe" title="Augustus Siebe">Augustus Siebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Marie_Touboulic" title="Pierre-Marie Touboulic">Pierre-Marie Touboulic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Triger" title="Jacques Triger">Jacques Triger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical<br />equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqua-Lung" title="Aqua-Lung">Aqua-Lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RV_Calypso" title="RV Calypso">RV <i>Calypso</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SP-350_Denise" title="SP-350 Denise">SP-350 <i>Denise</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_torch" title="Magnesium torch">Magnesium torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikonos" title="Nikonos">Nikonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porpoise_(scuba_gear)" title="Porpoise (scuba gear)">Porpoise regulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_diving_dress" title="Standard diving dress">Standard diving dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub_Marine_Explorer" title="Sub Marine Explorer">Sub Marine Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_scuba" title="Vintage scuba">Vintage scuba</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Diverpropulsionvehicles" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diver_propulsion_vehicle" title="Diver propulsion vehicle">Diver<br />propulsion<br />vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_SEAL_Delivery_System" title="Advanced SEAL Delivery System">Advanced SEAL Delivery System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmos_CE2F_series" title="Cosmos CE2F series">Cosmos CE2F series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_Combat_Submersible" title="Dry Combat Submersible">Dry Combat Submersible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_torpedo" title="Human torpedo">Human torpedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorised_Submersible_Canoe" title="Motorised Submersible Canoe">Motorised Submersible Canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necker_Nymph" title="Necker Nymph">Necker Nymph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-2_Mala-class_swimmer_delivery_vehicle" title="R-2 Mala-class swimmer delivery vehicle">R-2 Mala-class swimmer delivery vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEAL_Delivery_Vehicle" title="SEAL Delivery Vehicle">SEAL Delivery Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallow_Water_Combat_Submersible" title="Shallow Water Combat Submersible">Shallow Water Combat Submersible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siluro_San_Bartolomeo" title="Siluro San Bartolomeo">Siluro San Bartolomeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfreighter" title="Welfreighter">Welfreighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_Nellie" title="Wet Nellie">Wet Nellie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military and<br />covert operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Alexandria_(1941)" title="Raid on Alexandria (1941)">Raid on Alexandria (1941)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Rainbow_Warrior" title="Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior">Sinking of the <i>Rainbow Warrior</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scientific projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_cageless_shark-diving_expedition" title="1992 cageless shark-diving expedition">1992 cageless shark-diving expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_31" title="Mission 31">Mission 31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Hass_Award" title="Hans Hass Award">Hans Hass Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Scuba_Diving_Hall_of_Fame" title="International Scuba Diving Hall of Fame">International Scuba Diving Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Diving_Chamber_Dive_Lectures" title="London Diving Chamber Dive Lectures">London Diving Chamber Dive Lectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOGI_Awards" title="NOGI Awards">NOGI Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Divers_Hall_of_Fame" title="Women Divers Hall of Fame">Women Divers Hall of Fame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dive_boat" title="Dive boat">Dive boat</a> incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_MV_Conception" title="Sinking of MV Conception">Sinking of MV <i>Conception</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diver rescues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpazat_cave_rescue" title="Alpazat cave rescue">Alpazat cave rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tham_Luang_cave_rescue" title="Tham Luang cave rescue">Tham Luang cave rescue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early diving</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Day_(carpenter)" title="John Day (carpenter)">John Day (carpenter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Spalding" title="Charles Spalding">Charles Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Watson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebenezer Watson">Ebenezer Watson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">Freediving</a> fatalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Keenan" title="Stephen Keenan">Stephen Keenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%AFc_Leferme" title="Loïc Leferme">Loïc Leferme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Mestre" title="Audrey Mestre">Audrey Mestre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mevoli" title="Nicholas Mevoli">Nicholas Mevoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Molchanova" title="Natalia Molchanova">Natalia Molchanova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Offshore_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Offshore diving">Offshore<br />diving</a> incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byford_Dolphin#Diving_bell_accident" title="Byford Dolphin"><i>Byford Dolphin</i> diving bell accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drill_Master_diving_accident" title="Drill Master diving accident"><i>Drill Master</i> diving accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Canopus_diving_accident" title="Star Canopus diving accident"><i>Star Canopus</i> diving accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stena_Seaspread_diving_accident" title="Stena Seaspread diving accident"><i>Stena Seaspread</i> diving accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_One_diving_accident" class="mw-redirect" title="Venture One diving accident"><i>Venture One</i> diving accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waage_Drill_II_diving_accident" title="Waage Drill II diving accident"><i>Waage Drill II</i> diving accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildrake_diving_accident" title="Wildrake diving accident"><i>Wildrake</i> diving accident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professional_diving" title="Professional diving">Professional<br />diving</a> fatalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Baldwin_(diver)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Baldwin (diver)">Roger Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bennett_(diver)" title="John Bennett (diver)">John Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_F._Guiel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Victor F. Guiel Jr.">Victor F. Guiel Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_P._Hammerberg" title="Francis P. Hammerberg">Francis P. Hammerberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_M._Hoffman" class="mw-redirect" title="Craig M. Hoffman">Craig M. Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Henry_Michael_Holmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Henry Michael Holmes">Peter Henry Michael Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Sea_Link_accident" title="Johnson Sea Link accident">Johnson Sea Link accident</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Clayton_Link" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Clayton Link">Edwin Clayton Link</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Anthony_Prangley" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard Anthony Prangley">Gerard Anthony Prangley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_Skipnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Per Skipnes">Per Skipnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_John_Smyth" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert John Smyth">Robert John Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_D._Stover" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert D. Stover">Albert D. Stover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Walker" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard A. Walker">Richard A. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothar_Michael_Ward" class="mw-redirect" title="Lothar Michael Ward">Lothar Michael Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Wendler" title="Joachim Wendler">Joachim Wendler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Bradley_Westell" title="Death of Bradley Westell">Bradley Westell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Zetterstr%C3%B6m" title="Arne Zetterström">Arne Zetterström</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving_fatalities" title="Scuba diving fatalities">Scuba diving<br />fatalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1973_Mount_Gambier_cave_diving_accident" title="1973 Mount Gambier cave diving accident">1973 Mount Gambier cave diving accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Armbruster" title="Ricardo Armbruster">Ricardo Armbruster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Bridge" title="Allan Bridge">Allan Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bright_(diver)" title="David Bright (diver)">David Bright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_L._Cannon" title="Berry L. Cannon">Berry L. Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Coulson" title="Cotton Coulson">Cotton Coulson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A1udio_Coutinho" title="Cláudio Coutinho">Cláudio Coutinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Yale_Dawson" title="E. Yale Dawson">E. Yale Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deon_Dreyer" title="Deon Dreyer">Deon Dreyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Dufek" title="Milan Dufek">Milan Dufek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheck_Exley" title="Sheck Exley">Sheck Exley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Fargues" title="Maurice Fargues">Maurice Fargues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Garfella_Palmer" title="Fernando Garfella Palmer">Fernando Garfella Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Garman" title="Guy Garman">Guy Garman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Irwin" title="Steve Irwin">Steve Irwin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Steve_Irwin" title="Death of Steve Irwin">death</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jones_(American_football,_born_1935)" title="Jim Jones (American football, born 1935)">Jim Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Henry Way Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Koz%C5%82owski_(speleologist)" title="Artur Kozłowski (speleologist)">Artur Kozłowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Lipski" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuri Lipski">Yuri Lipski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirsty_MacColl" title="Kirsty MacColl">Kirsty MacColl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Linnea_Mills" title="Death of Linnea Mills">Linnea Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Milowka" title="Agnes Milowka">Agnes Milowka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Roubaix" title="François de Roubaix">François de Roubaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Dive" title="The Last Dive">Chris and Chrissy Rouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Shaw" title="Dave Shaw">Dave Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_C._Skiles" title="Wesley C. Skiles">Wesley C. Skiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewey_Smith" title="Dewey Smith">Dewey Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Stewart_(filmmaker)" title="Rob Stewart (filmmaker)">Rob Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esbj%C3%B6rn_Svensson" title="Esbjörn Svensson">Esbjörn Svensson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Velek" title="Josef Velek">Josef Velek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Publications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Publications</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/NOAA_Diving_Manual" title="NOAA Diving Manual">NOAA Diving Manual</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy_Diving_Manual" title="U.S. Navy Diving Manual">U.S. Navy Diving Manual</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basic_Cave_Diving:_A_Blueprint_for_Survival" title="Basic Cave Diving: A Blueprint for Survival">Basic Cave Diving: A Blueprint for Survival</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underwater_Handbook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Underwater Handbook (page does not exist)">Underwater Handbook</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bennett_and_Elliott%27s_physiology_and_medicine_of_diving&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bennett and Elliott's physiology and medicine of diving (page does not exist)">Bennett and Elliott's physiology and medicine of diving</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia_of_Recreational_Diving&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopedia of Recreational Diving (page does not exist)">Encyclopedia of Recreational Diving</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_new_science_of_skin_and_scuba_diving&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The new science of skin and scuba diving (page does not exist)">The new science of skin and scuba diving</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Professional_Diver%27s_Handbook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Professional Diver's Handbook (page does not exist)">Professional Diver's Handbook</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basic_Scuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basic Scuba (page does not exist)">Basic Scuba</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards and<br />Codes of Practice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Practice_for_Scientific_Diving_(UNESCO)" class="mw-redirect" title="Code of Practice for Scientific Diving (UNESCO)">Code of Practice for Scientific Diving (UNESCO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_7876" title="DIN 7876">DIN 7876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMCA_Code_of_Practice_for_Offshore_Diving" class="mw-redirect" title="IMCA Code of Practice for Offshore Diving">IMCA Code of Practice for Offshore Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_24801_Recreational_diving_services_%E2%80%94_Requirements_for_the_training_of_recreational_scuba_divers" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 24801 Recreational diving services — Requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers">ISO 24801 Recreational diving services — Requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Darkness_Beckons" title="The Darkness Beckons">The Darkness Beckons</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goldfinder" title="Goldfinder">Goldfinder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Dive" title="The Last Dive">The Last Dive</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Divers" title="Shadow Divers">Shadow Divers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silent_World:_A_Story_of_Undersea_Discovery_and_Adventure" title="The Silent World: A Story of Undersea Discovery and Adventure">The Silent World: A Story of Undersea Discovery and Adventure</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Divers_Alert_Network_publications" title="List of Divers Alert Network publications">List of Divers Alert Network publications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dive_guide_(publication)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dive guide (publication)">Dive guides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Training_and_registration" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Training and registration</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diver_training" title="Diver training">Diver<br />training</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Competence and assessment <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competency-based_learning" title="Competency-based learning">Competency-based learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refresher_training_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Refresher training (diving)">Refresher training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skill_assessment" title="Skill assessment">Skill assessment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_training_standard" title="Diver training standard">Diver training standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_instructor" title="Diving instructor">Diving instructor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving school">Diving school</a></li> <li>Occupational diver training <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_diver_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial diver training">Commercial diver training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_diver_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Military diver training">Military diver training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_safety_diver_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Public safety diver training">Public safety diver training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_diver_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific diver training">Scientific diver training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_diver_training" title="Recreational diver training">Recreational diver training</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Introductory_diving" title="Introductory diving">Introductory diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_recreational_diving_training_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO recreational diving training standards">ISO training standards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teaching_method" title="Teaching method">Teaching method</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_memory" title="Muscle memory">Muscle memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overlearning" title="Overlearning">Overlearning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stress_exposure_training" title="Stress exposure training">Stress exposure training</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Skills" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Skills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combat_sidestroke" title="Combat sidestroke">Combat sidestroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_navigation" title="Diver navigation">Diver navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_trim" title="Diver trim">Diver trim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_clearing" title="Ear clearing">Ear clearing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frenzel_maneuver" title="Frenzel maneuver">Frenzel maneuver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valsalva_maneuver" title="Valsalva maneuver">Valsalva maneuver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finning_techniques" title="Finning techniques">Finning techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_skills" title="Scuba skills">Scuba skills</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_breathing" title="Buddy breathing">Buddy breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_impact_diving" title="Low impact diving">Low impact diving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Reef_System" title="Diamond Reef System">Diamond Reef System</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface-supplied_diving_skills" title="Surface-supplied diving skills">Surface-supplied diving skills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_searches" title="Underwater searches">Underwater searches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recreational_scuba_certification_levels" title="Recreational scuba certification levels">Recreational<br />scuba<br />certification<br />levels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Core diving skills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Open_Water_Diver" title="Advanced Open Water Diver">Advanced Open Water Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_diver" title="Autonomous diver">Autonomous diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMAS*_scuba_diver" title="CMAS* scuba diver">CMAS* scuba diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMAS**_scuba_diver" title="CMAS** scuba diver">CMAS** scuba diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introductory_diving" title="Introductory diving">Introductory diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Impact_Diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Impact Diver">Low Impact Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Scuba_Diver" title="Master Scuba Diver">Master Scuba Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Water_Diver" title="Open Water Diver">Open Water Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervised_diver" title="Supervised diver">Supervised diver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leadership skills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dive_leader" title="Dive leader">Dive leader</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divemaster" title="Divemaster">Divemaster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_instructor" title="Diving instructor">Diving instructor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master_Instructor" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Instructor">Master Instructor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialist skills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_Diver" title="Rescue Diver">Rescue Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Solo diver">Solo diver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diver_training_organization" title="Diver training organization">Diver training<br />certification<br />and registration<br />organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Underwater_Federation" title="European Underwater Federation">European Underwater Federation</a> (EUF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Diving_Regulators_and_Certifiers_Forum" title="International Diving Regulators and Certifiers Forum">International Diving Regulators and Certifiers Forum</a> (IDRCF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Diving_Schools_Association" title="International Diving Schools Association">International Diving Schools Association</a> (IDSA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Marine_Contractors_Association" title="International Marine Contractors Association">International Marine Contractors Association</a> (IMCA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diver_certification_organizations" title="List of diver certification organizations">List of diver certification organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_Archaeology_Society" title="Nautical Archaeology Society">Nautical Archaeology Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_diver_course_referral" title="Recreational diver course referral">Recreational diver course referral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Recreational_Scuba_Training_Council" title="World Recreational Scuba Training Council">World Recreational Scuba Training Council</a> (WRSTC)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial diver<br />certification<br />authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Diver_Accreditation_Scheme" title="Australian Diver Accreditation Scheme">Australian Diver Accreditation Scheme</a> (ADAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_diver_registration_in_South_Africa" title="Commercial diver registration in South Africa">Commercial diver registration in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divers_Institute_of_Technology" title="Divers Institute of Technology">Divers Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_and_Safety_Executive" title="Health and Safety Executive">Health and Safety Executive</a> (HSE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Employment_and_Labour" title="Department of Employment and Labour">Department of Employment and Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial diving<br />schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divers_Academy_International" title="Divers Academy International">Divers Academy International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Norway_University_of_Applied_Sciences#Norwegian_diver_school" title="Western Norway University of Applied Sciences">Norwegian diver school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free-diving<br />certification<br />agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_International" title="AIDA International">AIDA International</a> (AIDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a> (CMAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_Freediving_International" title="Performance Freediving International">Performance Freediving International</a> (PI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_Schools_International" title="Scuba Schools International">Scuba Schools International</a> (SSI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recreational<br />scuba<br />certification<br />agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Canadian_Underwater_Certifications" title="American Canadian Underwater Certifications">American Canadian Underwater Certifications</a> (ACUC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Nitrox_Divers_International" title="American Nitrox Divers International">American Nitrox Divers International</a> (ANDI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_nationale_des_moniteurs_de_plong%C3%A9e" title="Association nationale des moniteurs de plongée">Association nationale des moniteurs de plongée</a> (ANMP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sub-Aqua_Club" title="British Sub-Aqua Club">British Sub-Aqua Club</a> (BSAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comhairle_Fo-Thuinn" title="Comhairle Fo-Thuinn">Comhairle Fo-Thuinn</a> (CFT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a> (CMAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Actividades_Subacu%C3%A1ticas" title="Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas">Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas</a> (FEDAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Fran%C3%A7aise_d%27%C3%89tudes_et_de_Sports_Sous-Marins" title="Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins">Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins</a> (FFESSM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Italiana_Attivit%C3%A0_Subacquee" title="Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee">Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee</a> (FIAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Underwater_Explorers" title="Global Underwater Explorers">Global Underwater Explorers</a> (GUE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Handicapped_Divers" title="International Association for Handicapped Divers">International Association for Handicapped Divers</a> (IAHD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Nitrox_and_Technical_Divers" title="International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers">International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers</a> (IANTD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Life_Saving_Federation" title="International Life Saving Federation">International Life Saving Federation</a> (ILS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Diving_Federation" title="Israeli Diving Federation">Israeli Diving Federation</a> (TIDF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Scuba_Educators" title="National Academy of Scuba Educators">National Academy of Scuba Educators</a> (NASE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Underwater_Instructors" title="National Association of Underwater Instructors">National Association of Underwater Instructors</a> (NAUI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Onderwatersport_Bond" title="Nederlandse Onderwatersport Bond">Nederlandse Onderwatersport Bond</a> (NOB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Association_of_Diving_Instructors" title="Professional Association of Diving Instructors">Professional Association of Diving Instructors</a> (PADI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Diving_Instructors_Corporation" title="Professional Diving Instructors Corporation">Professional Diving Instructors Corporation</a> (PDIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Technical_and_Recreational_Diving" title="Professional Technical and Recreational Diving">Professional Technical and Recreational Diving</a> (ProTec)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebreather_Association_of_International_Divers" title="Rebreather Association of International Divers">Rebreather Association of International Divers</a> (RAID)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Aqua_Association" title="Sub-Aqua Association">Sub-Aqua Association</a> (SAA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_Diving_International" title="Scuba Diving International">Scuba Diving International</a> (SDI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_Educators_International" title="Scuba Educators International">Scuba Educators International</a> (SEI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Sub_Aqua_Club" title="Scottish Sub Aqua Club">Scottish Sub Aqua Club</a> (ScotSAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_Schools_International" title="Scuba Schools International">Scuba Schools International</a> (SSI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Underwater_Sports_Federation" title="Turkish Underwater Sports Federation">Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonu</a> (TSSF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Diving_Instructors" title="United Diving Instructors">United Diving Instructors</a> (UDI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YMCA_SCUBA_Program" title="YMCA SCUBA Program">YMCA SCUBA Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scientific diver<br />certification<br />authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Underwater_Sciences" title="American Academy of Underwater Sciences">American Academy of Underwater Sciences</a> (AAUS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques#Scientific_committee" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">CMAS Scientific Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical diver<br />certification<br />agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Nitrox_Divers_International" title="American Nitrox Divers International">American Nitrox Divers International</a> (ANDI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sub-Aqua_Club" title="British Sub-Aqua Club">British Sub-Aqua Club</a> (BSAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a> (CMAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_Science_and_Technology" title="Diving Science and Technology">Diving Science and Technology</a> (DSAT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Italiana_Attivit%C3%A0_Subacquee" title="Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee">Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee</a> (FIAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Nitrox_and_Technical_Divers" title="International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers">International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers</a> (IANTD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Association_of_Diving_Instructors" title="Professional Association of Diving Instructors">Professional Association of Diving Instructors</a> (PADI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Diving_Instructors_Corporation" title="Professional Diving Instructors Corporation">Professional Diving Instructors Corporation</a> (PDIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Technical_and_Recreational_Diving" title="Professional Technical and Recreational Diving">Professional Technical and Recreational Diving</a> (ProTec)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebreather_Association_of_International_Divers" title="Rebreather Association of International Divers">Rebreather Association of International Divers</a> (RAID)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimix_Scuba_Association" title="Trimix Scuba Association">Trimix Scuba Association</a> (TSA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_Schools_International" title="Scuba Schools International">Technical Extended Range</a> (TXR)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cavediving" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cave<br />diving</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_Divers_Association_of_Australia" title="Cave Divers Association of Australia">Cave Divers Association of Australia</a> (CDAA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_Diving_Group" title="Cave Diving Group">Cave Diving Group</a> (CDG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Underwater_Explorers" title="Global Underwater Explorers">Global Underwater Explorers</a> (GUE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Speleological_Society#Cave_Diving_Group" title="National Speleological Society">National Speleological Society#Cave Diving Group</a> (CDG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Underwater_Instructors" title="National Association of Underwater Instructors">National Association of Underwater Instructors</a> (NAUI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Diving_International" title="Technical Diving International">Technical Diving International</a> (TDI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military diver<br />training centres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Diving_School" title="Defence Diving School">Defence Diving School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Support_Activity_Panama_City#Tenant_commands" title="Naval Support Activity Panama City">Navy Diving Salvage and Training Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Escape_Training_Unit" title="Underwater Escape Training Unit">Underwater Escape Training Unit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military diver<br />training courses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Combatant_Diver_Course" title="United States Marine Corps Combatant Diver Course">United States Marine Corps Combatant Diver Course</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Underwater_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Underwater_sports" title="Underwater sports">Underwater sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface snorkeling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finswimming" title="Finswimming">Finswimming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snorkeling/breath-hold</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spearfishing" title="Spearfishing">Spearfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_football" title="Underwater football">Underwater football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_hockey" title="Underwater hockey">Underwater hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_hockey_in_Australia" title="Underwater hockey in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_hockey_in_Turkey" title="Underwater hockey in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_rugby" title="Underwater rugby">Underwater rugby</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_rugby_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwater rugby in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_rugby_in_the_United_States" title="Underwater rugby in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_target_shooting" title="Underwater target shooting">Underwater target shooting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breath-hold</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquathlon_(underwater_wrestling)" title="Aquathlon (underwater wrestling)">Aquathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apnoea_finswimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Apnoea finswimming">Apnoea finswimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">Freediving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open Circuit Scuba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_finswimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Immersion finswimming">Immersion finswimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_diving_(sport)" title="Sport diving (sport)">Sport diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_cycling" title="Underwater cycling">Underwater cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_orienteering" title="Underwater orienteering">Underwater orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_photography_(sport)" title="Underwater photography (sport)">Underwater photography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rebreather</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_photography_(sport)" title="Underwater photography (sport)">Underwater photography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports governing<br />organisations<br /> and federations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>International <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_International" title="AIDA International">AIDA International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>National <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_Hellas" title="AIDA Hellas">AIDA Hellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Underwater_Federation" title="Australian Underwater Federation">Australian Underwater Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Freediving_Association" title="British Freediving Association">British Freediving Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Octopush_Association" title="British Octopush Association">British Octopush Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Underwater_Sports_Association" title="British Underwater Sports Association">British Underwater Sports Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comhairle_Fo-Thuinn" title="Comhairle Fo-Thuinn">Comhairle Fo-Thuinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Actividades_Subacu%C3%A1ticas" title="Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas">Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_federation_of_underwater_studies_and_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="French federation of underwater studies and sports">Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Underwater_Sports_Federation" title="South African Underwater Sports Federation">South African Underwater Sports Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Underwater_Sports_Federation" title="Turkish Underwater Sports Federation">Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Society_of_America" title="Underwater Society of America">Underwater Society of America</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14th_CMAS_Underwater_Photography_World_Championship" title="14th CMAS Underwater Photography World Championship">14th CMAS Underwater Photography World Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Hockey_World_Championships" title="Underwater Hockey World Championships">Underwater Hockey World Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Orienteering_World_Championships" title="Underwater Orienteering World Championships">Underwater Orienteering World Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Rugby_World_Championships" title="Underwater Rugby World Championships">Underwater Rugby World Championships</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Underwater_divers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_underwater_divers" title="Outline of underwater divers">Underwater divers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers<br />of diving</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Admetlla_i_L%C3%A1zaro" title="Eduard Admetlla i Lázaro">Eduard Admetlla i Lázaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquanaut" title="Aquanaut">Aquanaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bonnin" title="Mary Bonnin">Mary Bonnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Behrens-Furniss" title="Amelia Behrens-Furniss">Amelia Behrens-Furniss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Cahill" title="James F. Cahill">James F. Cahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Deans_(diver)" title="Billy Deans (diver)">Billy Deans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dottie_Frazier" title="Dottie Frazier">Dottie Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Hampton" title="Trevor Hampton">Trevor Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Hass" title="Hans Hass">Hans Hass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Rutkowski" title="Dick Rutkowski">Dick Rutkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teseo_Tesei" title="Teseo Tesei">Teseo Tesei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Zetterstr%C3%B6m" title="Arne Zetterström">Arne Zetterström</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater<br />scientists<br />archaeologists and<br />environmentalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Arbuthnot" title="Michael Arbuthnot">Michael Arbuthnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ballard" title="Robert Ballard">Robert Ballard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bass_(archaeologist)" title="George Bass (archaeologist)">George Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mensun_Bound" title="Mensun Bound">Mensun Bound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Boutan" title="Louis Boutan">Louis Boutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Bozanic" title="Jeffrey Bozanic">Jeffrey Bozanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Bradner" title="Hugh Bradner">Hugh Bradner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Church" title="Cathy Church">Cathy Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenie_Clark" title="Eugenie Clark">Eugenie Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Delgado" title="James P. Delgado">James P. Delgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Christopher_Fine" title="John Christopher Fine">John Christopher Fine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Fischer" title="George R. Fischer">George R. Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Franz%C3%A9n" title="Anders Franzén">Anders Franzén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_Frost" title="Honor Frost">Honor Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Garfella_Palmer" title="Fernando Garfella Palmer">Fernando Garfella Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gibbins" title="David Gibbins">David Gibbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Jessop" title="Graham Jessop">Graham Jessop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swietenia_Puspa_Lestari" title="Swietenia Puspa Lestari">Swietenia Puspa Lestari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilar_Luna" title="Pilar Luna">Pilar Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Marx" title="Robert F. Marx">Robert F. Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Marguerite_McCann" title="Anna Marguerite McCann">Anna Marguerite McCann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innes_McCartney" title="Innes McCartney">Innes McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_T._Meide" title="Charles T. Meide">Charles T. Meide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_M._Newell" title="Mark M. Newell">Mark M. Newell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuba_Ognenova-Marinova" title="Lyuba Ognenova-Marinova">Lyuba Ognenova-Marinova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Peter_Oleson" title="John Peter Oleson">John Peter Oleson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendel_L._Peterson" title="Mendel L. Peterson">Mendel L. Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pyle" title="Richard Pyle">Richard Pyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Rechnitzer" title="Andreas Rechnitzer">Andreas Rechnitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Royal" title="William R. Royal">William R. Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Rule" title="Margaret Rule">Margaret Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunter_Sch%C3%B6bel" title="Gunter Schöbel">Gunter Schöbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Schwabe" title="Stephanie Schwabe">Stephanie Schwabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myriam_Seco" title="Myriam Seco">Myriam Seco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Lee_Spence" title="E. Lee Spence">E. Lee Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_St%C3%A9nuit" title="Robert Sténuit">Robert Sténuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Throckmorton" title="Peter Throckmorton">Peter Throckmorton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristina_Zenato" title="Cristina Zenato">Cristina Zenato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scuba record<br />holders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Bernab%C3%A9" title="Pascal Bernabé">Pascal Bernabé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bowden_(diver)" title="Jim Bowden (diver)">Jim Bowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ellyatt" title="Mark Ellyatt">Mark Ellyatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheck_Exley" title="Sheck Exley">Sheck Exley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuno_Gomes_(diver)" title="Nuno Gomes (diver)">Nuno Gomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Serpieri" title="Claudia Serpieri">Claudia Serpieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Starnawski" title="Krzysztof Starnawski">Krzysztof Starnawski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater<br />filmmakers<br />and presenters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Alhafith" title="Samir Alhafith">Samir Alhafith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Bravo" title="Ramón Bravo">Ramón Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Cousteau" title="Jean-Michel Cousteau">Jean-Michel Cousteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richie_Kohler" title="Richie Kohler">Richie Kohler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Rose_(TV_presenter)" title="Paul Rose (TV presenter)">Paul Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Torbet" title="Andy Torbet">Andy Torbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Tors" title="Ivan Tors">Ivan Tors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wight" title="Andrew Wight">Andrew Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater<br />photographers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Allan" title="Doug Allan">Doug Allan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Benitez" title="Tamara Benitez">Tamara Benitez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Beuchat" title="Georges Beuchat">Georges Beuchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Biddle" title="Adrian Biddle">Adrian Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bird" title="Jonathan Bird">Jonathan Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Cheng" title="Eric Cheng">Eric Cheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Coleman" title="Neville Coleman">Neville Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Craig" title="John D. Craig">John D. Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Cropp" title="Ben Cropp">Ben Cropp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Delemotte" title="Bernard Delemotte">Bernard Delemotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Doubilet" title="David Doubilet">David Doubilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candice_Farmer" title="Candice Farmer">Candice Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Christopher_Fine" title="John Christopher Fine">John Christopher Fine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Fox" title="Rodney Fox">Rodney Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ric_Frazier" title="Ric Frazier">Ric Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Frink" title="Stephen Frink">Stephen Frink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gimbel" title="Peter Gimbel">Peter Gimbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monty_Halls" title="Monty Halls">Monty Halls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Hass" title="Hans Hass">Hans Hass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Henry Way Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudie_Kuiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudie Kuiter">Rudie Kuiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._MacInnis" title="Joseph B. MacInnis">Joseph B. MacInnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Marden" title="Luis Marden">Luis Marden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Milowka" title="Agnes Milowka">Agnes Milowka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Monkman" title="Noel Monkman">Noel Monkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Oxford" title="Pete Oxford">Pete Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Parish" title="Steve Parish">Steve Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zale_Parry" title="Zale Parry">Zale Parry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Petit_(photographer)" title="Pierre Petit (photographer)">Pierre Petit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl">Leni Riefenstahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Scoones" title="Peter Scoones">Peter Scoones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Skerry" title="Brian Skerry">Brian Skerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_C._Skiles" title="Wesley C. Skiles">Wesley C. Skiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Lee_Spence" title="E. Lee Spence">E. Lee Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Tailliez" title="Philippe Tailliez">Philippe Tailliez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Taylor_(diver)" title="Ron Taylor (diver)">Ron Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Taylor_(diver)" title="Valerie Taylor (diver)">Valerie Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Tillman" title="Albert Tillman">Albert Tillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Veltri" title="John Veltri">John Veltri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Waterman" title="Stan Waterman">Stan Waterman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Westmorland" title="Michele Westmorland">Michele Westmorland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ernest_Williamson" title="John Ernest Williamson">John Ernest Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Lamar_Worzel" title="J. Lamar Worzel">J. Lamar Worzel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater<br />explorers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Caves <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Balcombe" title="Graham Balcombe">Graham Balcombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheck_Exley" title="Sheck Exley">Sheck Exley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyn_Farr" title="Martyn Farr">Martyn Farr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jochen_Hasenmayer" title="Jochen Hasenmayer">Jochen Hasenmayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Heinerth" title="Jill Heinerth">Jill Heinerth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarrod_Jablonski" title="Jarrod Jablonski">Jarrod Jablonski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hogarth_Main" title="William Hogarth Main">William Hogarth Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mount" title="Tom Mount">Tom Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Sheppard_(cave_diver)" title="Jack Sheppard (cave diver)">Jack Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stone_(caver)" title="William Stone (caver)">Bill Stone</a></li></ul></li> <li>Reefs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a></li></ul></li> <li>Wrecks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Bishop" title="Leigh Bishop">Leigh Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chatterton" title="John Chatterton">John Chatterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Cussler" title="Clive Cussler">Clive Cussler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Nagle" title="Bill Nagle">Bill Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_van_Heest" title="Valerie van Heest">Valerie van Heest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelis_Zervoudis" title="Aristotelis Zervoudis">Aristotelis Zervoudis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aquanaut" title="Aquanaut">Aquanauts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Abercromby" title="Andrew Abercromby">Andrew Abercromby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Acaba" title="Joseph M. Acaba">Joseph M. Acaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Anderson" title="Clayton Anderson">Clayton Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Arnold" title="Richard R. Arnold">Richard R. Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Au%C3%B1%C3%B3n-Chancellor" title="Serena Auñón-Chancellor">Serena Auñón-Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barratt_(astronaut)" title="Michael Barratt (astronaut)">Michael Barratt (astronaut)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Barth" title="Robert A. Barth">Robert A. Barth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Behnken" title="Bob Behnken">Robert L. Behnken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Bresnik" title="Randolph Bresnik">Randolph Bresnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_J._Broderick" title="Timothy J. Broderick">Timothy J. Broderick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Brown_(aquanaut)" title="Justin Brown (aquanaut)">Justin Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_L._Cannon" title="Berry L. Cannon">Berry L. Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Carpenter" title="Scott Carpenter">Scott Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Chamitoff" title="Gregory Chamitoff">Gregory Chamitoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Chappell" title="Steve Chappell">Steve Chappell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Coleman" title="Catherine Coleman">Catherine Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Cook_(American_novelist)" title="Robin Cook (American novelist)">Robin Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_B._Cooper" title="Craig B. Cooper">Craig B. Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabien_Cousteau" title="Fabien Cousteau">Fabien Cousteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Cousteau" title="Philippe Cousteau">Philippe Cousteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Creamer" title="Timothy Creamer">Timothy Creamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dory" title="Jonathan Dory">Jonathan Dory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Duque" title="Pedro Duque">Pedro Duque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanette_Epps" title="Jeanette Epps">Jeanette Epps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheck_Exley" title="Sheck Exley">Sheck Exley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Falco" title="Albert Falco">Albert Falco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._Feustel" title="Andrew J. Feustel">Andrew J. Feustel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fincke" title="Michael Fincke">Michael Fincke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satoshi_Furukawa" title="Satoshi Furukawa">Satoshi Furukawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_J._Garan_Jr." title="Ronald J. Garan Jr.">Ronald J. Garan Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_L._Gernhardt" title="Michael L. Gernhardt">Michael L. Gernhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_E._Gerty" title="Christopher E. Gerty">Christopher E. Gerty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gruber" title="David Gruber">David Gruber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hadfield" title="Chris Hadfield">Chris Hadfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hansen" title="Jeremy Hansen">Jeremy Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_M._Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="José M. Hernández">José M. Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Herrington" title="John Herrington">John Herrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hill_(flight_director)" title="Paul Hill (flight director)">Paul Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akihiko_Hoshide" title="Akihiko Hoshide">Akihiko Hoshide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hulsbeck" title="Mark Hulsbeck">Mark Hulsbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Hwang" title="Emma Hwang">Emma Hwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norishige_Kanai" title="Norishige Kanai">Norishige Kanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Kaufman" title="Les Kaufman">Les Kaufman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Kelly_(astronaut)" title="Scott Kelly (astronaut)">Scott Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Kohanowich" title="Karen Kohanowich">Karen Kohanowich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Kopra" title="Timothy Kopra">Timothy Kopra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Landucci" title="Dominic Landucci">Dominic Landucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Lindbergh" title="Jon Lindbergh">Jon Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjell_N._Lindgren" title="Kjell N. Lindgren">Kjell N. Lindgren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_L%C3%B3pez-Alegr%C3%ADa" title="Michael López-Alegría">Michael López-Alegría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._MacInnis" title="Joseph B. MacInnis">Joseph B. MacInnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Magnus" title="Sandra Magnus">Sandra Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Marshburn" title="Thomas Marshburn">Thomas Marshburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Maurer" title="Matthias Maurer">Matthias Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Megan_McArthur" title="K. Megan McArthur">K. Megan McArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_McKinley_(physician)" title="Craig McKinley (physician)">Craig McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Meir" title="Jessica Meir">Jessica Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Melchior" title="Simone Melchior">Simone Melchior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Metcalf-Lindenburger" title="Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger">Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Mogensen" title="Andreas Mogensen">Andreas Mogensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Nyberg" title="Karen Nyberg">Karen Nyberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Olivas" title="John D. Olivas">John D. Olivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takuya_Onishi" title="Takuya Onishi">Takuya Onishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Parmitano" title="Luca Parmitano">Luca Parmitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Patrick" title="Nicholas Patrick">Nicholas Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Peake" title="Tim Peake">Tim Peake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pesquet" title="Thomas Pesquet">Thomas Pesquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Reagan" title="Marc Reagan">Marc Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Reisman" title="Garrett Reisman">Garrett Reisman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Rubins" title="Kathleen Rubins">Kathleen Rubins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Rutkowski" title="Dick Rutkowski">Dick Rutkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Ruttley" title="Tara Ruttley">Tara Ruttley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Saint-Jacques" title="David Saint-Jacques">David Saint-Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Schmid_(flight_surgeon)" title="Josef Schmid (flight surgeon)">Josef Schmid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sheats" title="Robert Sheats">Robert Sheats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewey_Smith" title="Dewey Smith">Dewey Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Squyres" title="Steve Squyres">Steve Squyres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidemarie_Stefanyshyn-Piper" title="Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper">Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_St%C3%A9nuit" title="Robert Sténuit">Robert Sténuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Stevenin" title="Hervé Stevenin">Hervé Stevenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Stott" title="Nicole Stott">Nicole Stott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Talacek" title="James Talacek">James Talacek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_M._Tani" title="Daniel M. Tani">Daniel M. Tani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Thirsk" title="Robert Thirsk">Robert Thirsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Todd" title="Bill Todd">Bill Todd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_T._Vande_Hei" title="Mark T. Vande Hei">Mark T. Vande Hei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koichi_Wakata" title="Koichi Wakata">Koichi Wakata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_J._Walheim" title="Rex J. Walheim">Rex J. Walheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Walker" title="Shannon Walker">Shannon Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morgan_Wells" title="John Morgan Wells">John Morgan Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Wendler" title="Joachim Wendler">Joachim Wendler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_H._Wheelock" title="Douglas H. Wheelock">Douglas H. Wheelock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Whitson" title="Peggy Whitson">Peggy Whitson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dafydd_Williams" title="Dafydd Williams">Dafydd Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Williams_(astronaut)" title="Jeffrey Williams (astronaut)">Jeffrey Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunita_Williams" title="Sunita Williams">Sunita Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reid_Wiseman" title="Reid Wiseman">Reid Wiseman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimiya_Yui" title="Kimiya Yui">Kimiya Yui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writers and journalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Barnette" title="Michael C. Barnette">Michael C. Barnette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Berge" title="Victor Berge">Victor Berge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Diol%C3%A9" title="Philippe Diolé">Philippe Diolé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Gentile" title="Gary Gentile">Gary Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bret_Gilliam" title="Bret Gilliam">Bret Gilliam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Halstead" title="Bob Halstead">Bob Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Hauser" title="Hillary Hauser">Hillary Hauser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Jackson_(diver)" title="Trevor Jackson (diver)">Trevor Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Lewis_(diver)" title="Steve Lewis (diver)">Steve Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mattera" title="John Mattera">John Mattera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rescuers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Challen" title="Craig Challen">Craig Challen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harris_(anaesthetist)" title="Richard Harris (anaesthetist)">Richard Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Stanton" title="Rick Stanton">Rick Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Volanthen" title="John Volanthen">John Volanthen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frogmen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Crabb" title="Lionel Crabb">Lionel Crabb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Edward_Fraser" title="Ian Edward Fraser">Ian Edward Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Knowles" title="Sydney Knowles">Sydney Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Joseph_Magennis" title="James Joseph Magennis">James Joseph Magennis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial salvors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Jessop" title="Keith Jessop">Keith Jessop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Science_of_underwater_diving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Science_of_underwater_diving" title="Science of underwater diving">Science of underwater diving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_researchers_in_underwater_diving" title="List of researchers in underwater diving">List of researchers in underwater diving</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_physics" title="Diving physics">Diving<br />physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metre_sea_water" title="Metre sea water">Metre sea water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_buoyancy" title="Neutral buoyancy">Neutral buoyancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_acoustics" title="Underwater acoustics">Underwater acoustics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modulated_ultrasound" title="Modulated ultrasound">Modulated ultrasound</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_vision" title="Underwater vision">Underwater vision</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_computer_vision" title="Underwater computer vision">Underwater computer vision</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_physiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving physiology">Diving<br />physiology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_reflex#Blood_shift" title="Diving reflex">Blood shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_shock_response" title="Cold shock response">Cold shock response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_reflex" title="Diving reflex">Diving reflex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equivalent_narcotic_depth" title="Equivalent narcotic depth">Equivalent narcotic depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximum_operating_depth" title="Maximum operating depth">Maximum operating depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiological_response_to_water_immersion" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiological response to water immersion">Physiological response to water immersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_balance_of_the_underwater_diver" title="Thermal balance of the underwater diver">Thermal balance of the underwater diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_vision" title="Underwater vision">Underwater vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_of_breathing" title="Work of breathing">Work of breathing</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Decompressiontheory" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Decompression_theory" title="Decompression theory">Decompression<br />theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Decompression models: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BChlmann_decompression_algorithm" title="Bühlmann decompression algorithm">Bühlmann decompression algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haldane%27s_decompression_model" title="Haldane's decompression model">Haldane's decompression model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduced_gradient_bubble_model" title="Reduced gradient bubble model">Reduced gradient bubble model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalmann_algorithm" title="Thalmann algorithm">Thalmann algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_model_of_decompression" title="Thermodynamic model of decompression">Thermodynamic model of decompression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varying_Permeability_Model" title="Varying Permeability Model">Varying Permeability Model</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equivalent_air_depth" title="Equivalent air depth">Equivalent air depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_window" title="Oxygen window">Oxygen window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiology_of_decompression" title="Physiology of decompression">Physiology of decompression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving_environment" title="Underwater diving environment">Diving<br />environments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_exploration" title="Underwater exploration">Underwater exploration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep-sea_exploration" title="Deep-sea exploration">Deep-sea exploration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diving_environments_by_type" title="List of diving environments by type">List of diving environments by type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altitude_diving" title="Altitude diving">Altitude diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benign_water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Benign water diving">Benign water diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confined_water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Confined water diving">Confined water diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_diving" title="Deep diving">Deep diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Inland diving">Inland diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inshore_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Inshore diving">Inshore diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muck_diving" title="Muck diving">Muck diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_diving" title="Night diving">Night diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-water_diving" title="Open-water diving">Open-water diving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Black-water diving">Black-water diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue-water diving">Blue-water diving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetration_diving" title="Penetration diving">Penetration diving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_diving" title="Cave diving">Cave diving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torricellian_chamber" title="Torricellian chamber">Torricellian chamber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_diving" title="Ice diving">Ice diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wreck_diving" title="Wreck diving">Wreck diving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_dive_sites" title="Recreational dive sites">Recreational dive sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_environment" title="Underwater environment">Underwater environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving_environment" title="Underwater diving environment">Underwater diving environment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_recreational_diving" title="Environmental impact of recreational diving">Environmental impact of recreational diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_impact_diving" title="Low impact diving">Low impact diving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathysphere" title="Bathysphere">Bathysphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_against_swimmer_incursions" title="Defense against swimmer incursions">Defense against swimmer incursions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diver_detection_sonar" title="Diver detection sonar">Diver detection sonar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Offshore survey">Offshore survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugged_compact_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugged compact camera">Rugged compact camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_domain_awareness" title="Underwater domain awareness">Underwater domain awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_vehicle" title="Underwater vehicle">Underwater vehicle</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deep-submergence_vehicle" title="Deep-submergence vehicle">Deep-submergence<br />vehicle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminaut" title="Aluminaut"><i>Aluminaut</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSV_Alvin" title="DSV Alvin">DSV <i>Alvin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_submarine_NR-1" title="American submarine NR-1">American submarine NR-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathyscaphe" title="Bathyscaphe">Bathyscaphe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archim%C3%A8de" title="Archimède"><i>Archimède</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FNRS-2" title="FNRS-2">FNRS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FNRS-3" title="FNRS-3">FNRS-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Pole-class_bathyscaphe#Harmony_class_bathyscaphe" title="Sea Pole-class bathyscaphe"><i>Harmony</i> class bathyscaphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Pole-class_bathyscaphe" title="Sea Pole-class bathyscaphe"><i>Sea Pole</i>-class bathyscaphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathyscaphe_Trieste_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bathyscaphe Trieste II"><i>Trieste II</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepsea_Challenger" title="Deepsea Challenger"><i>Deepsea Challenger</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictineu_3" title="Ictineu 3"><i>Ictineu 3</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAGO_(German_research_submersible)" title="JAGO (German research submersible)"><i>JAGO</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaolong_(submersible)" title="Jiaolong (submersible)"><i>Jiaolong</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konsul-class_submersible" title="Konsul-class submersible"><i>Konsul</i>-class submersible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSV_Limiting_Factor" title="DSV Limiting Factor"><i>Limiting Factor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_submarine_Losharik" title="Russian submarine Losharik">Russian submarine <i>Losharik</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(submersible)" title="Mir (submersible)"><i>Mir</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautile" title="Nautile"><i>Nautile</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisces-class_deep_submergence_vehicle" title="Pisces-class deep submergence vehicle"><i>Pisces</i>-class deep submergence vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSV_Sea_Cliff" title="DSV Sea Cliff">DSV <i>Sea Cliff</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSV_Shinkai" title="DSV Shinkai">DSV <i>Shinkai</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSV_Shinkai_2000" title="DSV Shinkai 2000">DSV <i>Shinkai 2000</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSV_Shinkai_6500" title="DSV Shinkai 6500">DSV <i>Shinkai 6500</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSV_Turtle" title="DSV Turtle">DSV <i>Turtle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSV-5_Nemo" title="DSV-5 Nemo">DSV-5 <i>Nemo</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Submarine_rescue" title="Submarine rescue">Submarine rescue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Submarine_Escape_and_Rescue_Liaison_Office" title="International Submarine Escape and Rescue Liaison Office">International Submarine Escape and Rescue Liaison Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_Escape_and_Rescue_system_(Royal_Swedish_Navy)" title="Submarine Escape and Rescue system (Royal Swedish Navy)">Submarine Escape and Rescue system (Royal Swedish Navy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCann_Rescue_Chamber" title="McCann Rescue Chamber">McCann Rescue Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_rescue_ship" title="Submarine rescue ship">Submarine rescue ship</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Deep-submergencerescue_vehicle" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deep-submergence_rescue_vehicle" title="Deep-submergence rescue vehicle">Deep-submergence<br />rescue vehicle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LR5" title="LR5">LR5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LR7" title="LR7">LR7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSM-1" title="MSM-1">MSM-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystic-class_deep-submergence_rescue_vehicle" title="Mystic-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle"><i>Mystic</i>-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSRV-1_Mystic" title="DSRV-1 Mystic">DSRV-1 <i>Mystic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSRV-2_Avalon" title="DSRV-2 Avalon">DSRV-2 <i>Avalon</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Submarine_Rescue_System" title="NATO Submarine Rescue System">NATO Submarine Rescue System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priz-class_deep-submergence_rescue_vehicle" title="Priz-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle"><i>Priz</i>-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_deep_submergence_rescue_vehicle_AS-28" title="Russian deep submergence rescue vehicle AS-28">Russian deep submergence rescue vehicle AS-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_submarine_AS-34" title="Russian submarine AS-34">Russian submarine AS-34</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASRV_Remora" class="mw-redirect" title="ASRV Remora">ASRV <i>Remora</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRV-300" title="SRV-300">SRV-300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_Rescue_Diving_Recompression_System" title="Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System">Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_7103_DSRV" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 7103 DSRV">Type 7103 DSRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URF_(Swedish_Navy)" title="URF (Swedish Navy)">URF (Swedish Navy)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Submarine_escape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Submarine escape (page does not exist)">Submarine escape</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escape_trunk" title="Escape trunk">Escape trunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_escape_training_facility" title="Submarine escape training facility">Submarine escape training facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_Escape_Training_Facility_(Australia)" title="Submarine Escape Training Facility (Australia)">Submarine Escape Training Facility (Australia)</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Escape_set" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Escape_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Escape set">Escape set</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Submerged_Escape_Apparatus" title="Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus">Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momsen_lung" title="Momsen lung">Momsen lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinke_hood" title="Steinke hood">Steinke hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_Escape_Immersion_Equipment" title="Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment">Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special<br />interest<br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_Reef_Society_of_British_Columbia" title="Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia">Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMAS_Europe" title="CMAS Europe">CMAS Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Reef_Alliance" title="Coral Reef Alliance">Coral Reef Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divers_Alert_Network" title="Divers Alert Network">Divers Alert Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Fins" title="Green Fins">Green Fins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_Lakes_Underwater_Preserve_Association" title="Finger Lakes Underwater Preserve Association">Finger Lakes Underwater Preserve Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karst_Underwater_Research" title="Karst Underwater Research">Karst Underwater Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_Archaeology_Program" title="Nautical Archaeology Program">Nautical Archaeology Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_Archaeology_Society" title="Nautical Archaeology Society">Nautical Archaeology Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Command_Sub_Aqua_Club" title="Naval Air Command Sub Aqua Club">Naval Air Command Sub Aqua Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PADI_AWARE" title="PADI AWARE">PADI AWARE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reef_Check" title="Reef Check">Reef Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reef_Life_Survey" title="Reef Life Survey">Reef Life Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubicon_Foundation" title="Rubicon Foundation">Rubicon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Ontario_Shipwrecks" title="Save Ontario Shipwrecks">Save Ontario Shipwrecks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaKeys" title="SeaKeys">SeaKeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Research_Society" title="Sea Research Society">Sea Research Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Underwater_Historical_Research" title="Society for Underwater Historical Research">Society for Underwater Historical Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Underwater_Technology" title="Society for Underwater Technology">Society for Underwater Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Archaeology_Branch,_Naval_History_%26_Heritage_Command" title="Underwater Archaeology Branch, Naval History & Heritage Command">Underwater Archaeology Branch, Naval History & Heritage Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neutral buoyancy<br />facilities for<br />Astronaut training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_Buoyancy_Laboratory" title="Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory">Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_buoyancy_pool" title="Neutral buoyancy pool">Neutral buoyancy pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_buoyancy_simulation_as_a_training_aid" title="Neutral buoyancy simulation as a training aid">Neutral buoyancy simulation as a training aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_Buoyancy_Simulator" title="Neutral Buoyancy Simulator">Neutral Buoyancy Simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Systems_Laboratory_(Maryland)" title="Space Systems Laboratory (Maryland)">Space Systems Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin_Cosmonaut_Training_Center" title="Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center">Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Productions" title="Nautilus Productions">Nautilus Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_Aircrew_Breathing_Device" title="Helicopter Aircrew Breathing Device">Helicopter Aircrew Breathing Device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving_therapy" title="Scuba diving therapy">Scuba diving therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seabed_mining" title="Seabed mining">Seabed mining</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Underwater_diving" title="Category:Underwater diving">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Underwater_diving" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Underwater diving">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_underwater_diving_terminology" title="Glossary of underwater diving terminology">Glossary</a></b></li> <li><b>Indexes: <a href="/wiki/Index_of_recreational_dive_sites" title="Index of recreational dive sites">Dive sites</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Index_of_underwater_divers" title="Index of underwater divers">Divers</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Index_of_underwater_diving" title="Index of underwater diving">Diving</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_underwater_diving" title="Outline of underwater diving">Outline</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Underwater_diving" title="Portal:Underwater diving">Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recreational_dive_sites" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Recreational_dive_sites" title="Template:Recreational dive sites"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Recreational_dive_sites" title="Template talk:Recreational dive sites"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Recreational_dive_sites" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Recreational dive sites"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recreational_dive_sites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Recreational_dive_sites" title="Recreational dive sites">Recreational dive sites</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Reef_diving_regions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Reef diving regions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akumal" title="Akumal">Akumal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliwal_Shoal_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Aliwal Shoal Marine Protected Area">Aliwal Shoal Marine Protected Area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliwal_Shoal" title="Aliwal Shoal">Aliwal Shoal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amed_(Bali)" title="Amed (Bali)">Amed (Bali)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabini,_Batangas#Attractions" title="Mabini, Batangas">Anilao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apo_Island" title="Apo Island">Apo Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apo_Reef" title="Apo Reef">Apo Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrecifes_de_Cozumel_National_Park" title="Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park">Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs" title="Bay of Pigs">Bay of Pigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_Barrier_Reef" title="Belize Barrier Reef">Belize Barrier Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscayne_National_Park" title="Biscayne National Park">Biscayne National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohol_Sea" title="Bohol Sea">Bohol Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowie_Seamount" title="Bowie Seamount">Bowie Seamount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunaken" title="Bunaken">Bunaken</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunaken_National_Park" title="Bunaken National Park">Bunaken National Park</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahuita_National_Park" title="Cahuita National Park">Cahuita National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calve_Island" title="Calve Island">Calve Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capurgan%C3%A1" title="Capurganá">Capurganá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Airkewwa" title="Ċirkewwa">Ċirkewwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Villa_Peninsula" title="Cliff Villa Peninsula">Cliff Villa Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozumel" title="Cozumel">Cozumel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhilba_Guuranda-Innes_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park">Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonds_Underwater_Park" title="Edmonds Underwater Park">Edmonds Underwater Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Ikhwa_Islands" title="El Ikhwa Islands">El Ikhwa Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_Bay" title="False Bay">False Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C4%A7ar_Qawqla" title="Għar Qawqla">Għar Qawqla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gili_Islands" title="Gili Islands">Gili Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Southern_Reef" title="Great Southern Reef">Great Southern Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Island_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Guadalupe Island Biosphere Reserve">Guadalupe Island Biosphere Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haql" title="Haql">Haql</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hol_Chan_Marine_Reserve" title="Hol Chan Marine Reserve">Hol Chan Marine Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISimangaliso_Marine_Protected_Area" title="ISimangaliso Marine Protected Area">iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodwana_Bay" title="Sodwana Bay">Sodwana Bay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pennekamp_Coral_Reef_State_Park" title="John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park">John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadmat_Island" title="Kadmat Island">Kadmat Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko_Tao" title="Ko Tao">Ko Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse_Reef" title="Lighthouse Reef">Lighthouse Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantanani_Islands" title="Mantanani Islands">Mantanani Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malapascua" title="Malapascua">Malapascua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin%27s_Haven" title="Martin's Haven">Martin's Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsa_Alam" title="Marsa Alam">Marsa Alam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molasses_Reef" title="Molasses Reef">Molasses Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molokini" title="Molokini">Molokini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_Islands" title="Neptune Islands">Neptune Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osprey_Reef" title="Osprey Reef">Osprey Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palancar_Reef" title="Palancar Reef">Palancar Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panglao,_Bohol" title="Panglao, Bohol">Panglao, Bohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescador_Island" title="Pescador Island">Pescador Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit_Saint_Vincent" title="Petit Saint Vincent">Petit Saint Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Knights_Islands" title="Poor Knights Islands">Poor Knights Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porteau_Cove_Provincial_Park" title="Porteau Cove Provincial Park">Porteau Cove Provincial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Galera" title="Puerto Galera">Puerto Galera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punta_Cana" title="Punta Cana">Punta Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_Muhammad_National_Park" title="Ras Muhammad National Park">Ras Muhammad National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondo_Island" title="Rondo Island">Rondo Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottnest_Island" title="Rottnest Island">Rottnest Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Andr%C3%A9s_(island)" title="San Andrés (island)">San Andrés (island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_Nolasco_Island" title="San Pedro Nolasco Island">San Pedro Nolasco Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha%CA%BDb_Abu_Nu%C4%A7as" title="Shaʽb Abu Nuħas">Shaʽb Abu Nuħas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadwan_Island" title="Shadwan Island">Shadwan Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Similan_Islands" title="Similan Islands">Similan Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipadan" title="Sipadan">Sipadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socorro_Island" title="Socorro Island">Socorro Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_of_Mull" title="Sound of Mull">Sound of Mull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Crispin%27s_Reef" title="St. Crispin's Reef">St. Crispin's Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_Mountain_National_Park_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area">Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taganga" title="Taganga">Taganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsitsikamma_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Tsitsikamma Marine Protected Area">Tsitsikamma Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubbataha_Reef" title="Tubbataha Reef">Tubbataha Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utila" title="Utila">Utila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakatobi_Regency" title="Wakatobi Regency">Wakatobi Regency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weh_Island" title="Weh Island">Weh Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Reef_dive_sites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Reef dive sites</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Window" title="Azure Window">Azure Window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_Hole" title="Cod Hole">Cod Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daedalus_Reef" title="Daedalus Reef">Daedalus Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_Arch" title="Darwin's Arch">Darwin's Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Throat_at_Punta_Sur" title="Devil's Throat at Punta Sur">Devil's Throat at Punta Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elphinstone_Reef" title="Elphinstone Reef">Elphinstone Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyemouth" title="Eyemouth">Eyemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanadir" title="Fanadir">Fanadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederiksted_Pier" title="Frederiksted Pier">Frederiksted Pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Reef" title="French Reef">French Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fowey_Rocks_Light" title="Fowey Rocks Light">Fowey Rocks Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamul_Kebir" title="Gamul Kebir">Gamul Kebir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsea_Point_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillsea Point Rock">Hillsea Point Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Sea,_Gozo" title="Inland Sea, Gozo">Inland Sea, Gozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennack_Sands" title="Kennack Sands">Kennack Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Manacles" title="The Manacles">The Manacles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic Point">Magic Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_Hole" class="mw-redirect" title="Octopus Hole">Octopus Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_Eye" title="Pope's Eye">Pope's Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsea_Hole" title="Portsea Hole">Portsea Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Valley">Second Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sund_Rock" title="Sund Rock">Sund Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Abbs" title="St Abbs">St Abbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stingray_City,_Grand_Cayman" title="Stingray City, Grand Cayman">Stingray City, Grand Cayman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Rock_(Queensland)" title="Wolf Rock (Queensland)">Wolf Rock</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artificial reefs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edithburgh" title="Edithburgh">Edithburgh jetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Artificial_Reef" title="Gibraltar Artificial Reef">Gibraltar Artificial Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkanti_Reef" title="Merkanti Reef">Merkanti Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Hughes,_South_Australia" title="Port Hughes, South Australia">Port Hughes jetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Noarlunga,_South_Australia" title="Port Noarlunga, South Australia">Port Noarlunga jetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Bay,_South_Australia" title="Rapid Bay, South Australia">Rapid Bay jetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_River_Reef" title="Shark River Reef">Shark River Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Channel_Fort" title="South Channel Fort">South Channel Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osborne_Reef" title="Osborne Reef">Osborne Reef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater artworks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canc%C3%BAn_Underwater_Museum" title="Cancún Underwater Museum">Cancún Underwater Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_of_the_Abyss" title="Christ of the Abyss">Christ of the Abyss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_of_Heroes" title="Circle of Heroes">Circle of Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristu_tal-Ba%C4%A7%C4%A7ara" title="Kristu tal-Baħħara">Kristu tal-Baħħara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinere_Underwater_Sculpture_Park" title="Molinere Underwater Sculpture Park">Molinere Underwater Sculpture Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Snorkelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Snorkelling">Snorkelling</a> sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fungus_Rock" title="Fungus Rock">Fungus Rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Wreck_diving_regions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wreck diving regions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullhead_Point_Historical_and_Archeological_District" title="Bullhead Point Historical and Archeological District">Bullhead Point Historical and Archeological District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calve_Island" title="Calve Island">Calve Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuuk_Lagoon" title="Chuuk Lagoon">Chuuk Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coron_Bay" title="Coron Bay">Coron Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonds_Underwater_Park" title="Edmonds Underwater Park">Edmonds Underwater Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_of_Isle_Royale" title="List of shipwrecks of Isle Royale">Shipwrecks of Isle Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Long" title="Loch Long">Loch Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Heritage_Trail_%E2%80%93_Battle_of_Saipan" title="Maritime Heritage Trail – Battle of Saipan">Maritime Heritage Trail – Battle of Saipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Underwater_Preserves" title="Michigan Underwater Preserves">Michigan Underwater Preserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_and_Hermes_Atoll" title="Pearl and Hermes Atoll">Pearl and Hermes Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porteau_Cove_Provincial_Park" title="Porteau Cove Provincial Park">Porteau Cove Provincial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robben_Island_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Robben Island Marine Protected Area">Robben Island Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapa_Flow" title="Scapa Flow">Scapa Flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_Mountain_National_Park_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area">Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tulagi" title="Tulagi">Tulagi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tulamben" title="Tulamben">Tulamben</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary">Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_the_Thunder_Bay_National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="List of shipwrecks in the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary">List of shipwrecks in the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ve_Skerries" title="Ve Skerries">Ve Skerries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardang_Island" title="Wardang Island">Wardang Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rocks,_Isles_of_Scilly" title="Western Rocks, Isles of Scilly">Western Rocks, Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitefish_Point_Underwater_Preserve" title="Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve">Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Shipwreck_Coast_National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary">Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_the_Wisconsin_Shipwreck_Coast_National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="List of shipwrecks in the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary">List of shipwrecks in the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wreck_Alley" title="Wreck Alley">Wreck Alley, San Diego</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Wreck_dive_sites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wreck dive sites</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/115_(barge)" title="115 (barge)">115 (barge)</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_A1" title="HMS A1">HMS <i>A1</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_A3" title="HMS A3">HMS <i>A3</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Aaron_Ward_(DD-483)" title="USS Aaron Ward (DD-483)">USS <i>Aaron Ward</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Abessinia_(1900)" title="SS Abessinia (1900)"><i>Abessinia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Accokeek" title="USS Accokeek">USS <i>Accokeek</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Adelaide_(FFG_01)" title="HMAS Adelaide (FFG 01)">HMAS <i>Adelaide</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Admiral_Sampson" title="SS Admiral Sampson"><i>Admiral Sampson</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Adolphus_Busch" title="MV Adolphus Busch"><i>Adolphus Busch</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Aeolian_Sky" title="MV Aeolian Sky"><i>Aeolian Sky</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Aeolus_(ARC-3)" title="USS Aeolus (ARC-3)">USS <i>Aeolus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agat_World_War_II_Amtrac" title="Agat World War II Amtrac">Agat World War II Amtrac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Ajax_(1923)" title="SS Ajax (1923)"><i>Ajax</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Albert_C._Field" title="SS Albert C. Field"><i>Albert C. Field</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Algol_(AKA-54)" title="USS Algol (AKA-54)">USS <i>Algol</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Algoma" title="SS Algoma"><i>Algoma</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Munassir_(L1)" title="Al Munassir (L1)"><i>Al Munassir</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaryllis_(ship)" title="Amaryllis (ship)"><i>Amaryllis</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_America_(1898)" title="SS America (1898)"><i>America</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Anderson" title="USS Anderson">USS <i>Anderson</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Andrea_Doria" title="SS Andrea Doria"><i>Andrea Doria</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Antilla_(1939)" title="SS Antilla (1939)"><i>Antilla</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Antilles" title="SS Antilles"><i>Antilles</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Apogon" title="USS Apogon">USS <i>Apogon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Appomattox" title="SS Appomattox"><i>Appomattox</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Aquila_(1940)" title="SS Aquila (1940)"><i>Aquila</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aratama_Maru" title="Aratama Maru">Aratama Maru</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_(1881)" title="Arctic (1881)"><i>Arctic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Arkansas_(BB-33)" title="USS Arkansas (BB-33)">USS <i>Arkansas</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Arratoon_Apcar" title="SS Arratoon Apcar"><i>Arratoon Apcar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Arthur_W._Radford" title="USS Arthur W. Radford">USS <i>Arthur W. Radford</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Atlanta" title="SS Atlanta"><i>Atlanta</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Atlanta_(CL-51)" title="USS Atlanta (CL-51)">USS <i>Atlanta</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Australasia" title="SS Australasia"><i>Australasia</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_B%C3%A4renfels_(1921)" title="SS Bärenfels (1921)"><i>Bärenfels</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Bayonet_(P_101)" title="HMAS Bayonet (P 101)">HMAS <i>Bayonet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Ben_Doran" title="SS Ben Doran"><i>Ben Doran</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Benwood" title="SS Benwood"><i>Benwood</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Bianca_C." title="MV Bianca C."><i>Bianca C.</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Bibb" title="USCGC Bibb">USCGC <i>Bibb</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Binnendijk" title="SS Binnendijk"><i>Binnendijk</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Blenny" title="USS Blenny">USS <i>Blenny</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Boadicea_(H65)" title="HMS Boadicea (H65)">HMS <i>Boadicea</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booya_(ship)" title="Booya (ship)"><i>Booya</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMSAS_Bloemfontein" title="HMSAS Bloemfontein">HMSAS <i>Bloemfontein</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Breda" title="SS Breda"><i>Breda</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Salvia_(WLB-400)" class="mw-redirect" title="USCGC Salvia (WLB-400)"><i>Brian Davis</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Brisbane_(D_41)" title="HMAS Brisbane (D 41)">HMAS <i>Brisbane</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMHS_Britannic" title="HMHS Britannic">HMHS <i>Britannic</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bud_Bar" title="Bud Bar">Bud Bar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungsberg_(ship)" title="Bungsberg (ship)"><i>Bungsberg</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_shipwreck" title="Byron shipwreck"><i>Byron</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Canberra_(FFG_02)" title="HMAS Canberra (FFG 02)">HMAS <i>Canberra</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Cape_Breton_(ARE_100)" title="HMCS Cape Breton (ARE 100)">HMCS <i>Cape Breton</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Cape_Henlopen" title="USCGC Cape Henlopen">USCGC <i>Cape Henlopen</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koni-class_frigate#MV_Captain_Keith_Tibbetts" title="Koni-class frigate"><i>Captain Keith Tibbetts</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Carl_D._Bradley" title="SS Carl D. Bradley"><i>Carl D. Bradley</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Carlisle" title="USS Carlisle">USS <i>Carlisle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Carnatic" title="SS Carnatic"><i>Carnatic</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carthaginian_II" title="Carthaginian II">Carthaginian II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Cayuga" title="SS Cayuga"><i>Cayuga</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Cedarville" title="SS Cedarville"><i>Cedarville</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Chaudi%C3%A8re_(DDE_235)" title="HMCS Chaudière (DDE 235)"><i>Chaudière</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Nilsson_(shipwreck)" title="Christina Nilsson (shipwreck)"><i>Christina Nilsson</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Fort_Marion_(LSD-22)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Fort Marion (LSD-22)">ROCS <i>Chen Hai</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Chester_A._Congdon" title="SS Chester A. Congdon"><i>Chester A. Congdon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bangor_(ship)" title="City of Bangor (ship)"><i>City of Bangor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_City_of_Everett" title="SS City of Everett"><i>City of Everett</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_City_of_Launceston" title="SS City of Launceston"><i>City of Launceston</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Clan_Ranald_(1900)" title="SS Clan Ranald (1900)"><i>Clan Ranald</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Clifton" title="SS Clifton"><i>Clifton</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Comanche_(WPG-76)" title="USCGC Comanche (WPG-76)">USCGC <i>Comanche</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Comet_(1857)" title="SS Comet (1857)"><i>Comet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constandis_(wreck)" title="Constandis (wreck)"><i>Constandis</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Coogee" title="HMAS Coogee">HMAS <i>Coogee</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Cormoran_(1909)" title="SMS Cormoran (1909)">SMS <i>Cormoran</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_B._Windiate" title="Cornelia B. Windiate">Cornelia B. Windiate</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Coronation" title="HMS Coronation">HMS <i>Coronation</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Army_ship_Crusader_(AV_2767)" title="Australian Army ship Crusader (AV 2767)"><i>Crusader</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Cuba_(1920)" title="SS Cuba (1920)"><i>Cuba</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PS_Cumberland" title="PS Cumberland"><i>Cumberland</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Curb" title="USS Curb">USS <i>Curb</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Cuyahoga" title="USCGC Cuyahoga">USCGC <i>Cuyahoga</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MV_Dania" title="MV Dania"><i>Dania</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lyons_(shipwreck)" title="Daniel Lyons (shipwreck)"><i>Daniel Lyons</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Cape_Upright_(WPB-95303)" class="mw-redirect" title="USCGC Cape Upright (WPB-95303)"><i>David Tucker</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Dresden_(1917)" title="SMS Dresden (1917)">SMS <i>Dresden</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_D.R._Hanna" title="SS D.R. Hanna"><i>D.R. Hanna</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Duane" title="USCGC Duane">USCGC <i>Duane</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Dunraven" title="SS Dunraven"><i>Dunraven</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Dwight_L._Moody" title="SS Dwight L. Moody"><i>Dwight L. Moody</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">E</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(ship)" title="Eagle (ship)"><i>Eagle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Eastfield" title="SS Eastfield"><i>Eastfield</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Eber_Ward" title="SS Eber Ward"><i>Eber Ward</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Edgar_E._Clark" title="SS Edgar E. Clark"><i>Edgar E. Clark</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMT_Elk" title="HMT Elk">HMT <i>Elk</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Ellengowan" title="SS Ellengowan"><i>Ellengowan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Emmons" title="USS Emmons">USS <i>Emmons</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Emperor" title="SS Emperor">SS <i>Emperor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Empress_of_Ireland" title="RMS Empress of Ireland">RMS <i>Empress of Ireland</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Erie_L._Hackley" title="SS Erie L. Hackley"><i>Erie L. Hackley</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Espagne_(Anversois,_1909)" title="SS Espagne (Anversois, 1909)"><i>Espagne</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Etruria" title="SS Etruria"><i>Etruria</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">F</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Falmouth_(1910)" title="HMS Falmouth (1910)">HMS <i>Falmouth</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifi_shipwreck" title="Fifi shipwreck"><i>Fifi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleetwing_(shipwreck)" title="Fleetwing (shipwreck)"><i>Fleetwing</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Francisco_Morazan_(1922)" title="SS Francisco Morazan (1922)">SS <i>Francisco Morazan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Francis_Hinton" title="SS Francis Hinton"><i>Francis Hinton</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Frank_O%27Connor" title="SS Frank O'Connor"><i>Frank O'Connor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._T._Barney_(schooner)" title="F. T. Barney (schooner)"><i>F.T. Barney</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fujikawa_Maru" title="Fujikawa Maru">Fujikawa Maru</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Fumizuki_(1926)" title="Japanese destroyer Fumizuki (1926)"><i>Fumizuki</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gallinipper" title="Gallinipper">Gallinipper</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Thames_(1885)" title="HMS Thames (1885)">SATS <i>General Botha</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USNS_General_Hoyt_S._Vandenberg" title="USNS General Hoyt S. Vandenberg">USNS <i>General Hoyt S. Vandenberg</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_A._Marsh" title="George A. Marsh">George A. Marsh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_George_Dewey" title="SS George Dewey"><i>George Dewey</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Puritan_(ID-2222)" title="USS Puritan (ID-2222)"><i>George M. Cox</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_destroyer_Z2_Georg_Thiele" title="German destroyer Z2 Georg Thiele"><i>Georg Thiele</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Ghurka_(1907)" title="HMS Ghurka (1907)">HMS <i>Ghurka</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Gilliam" title="USS Gilliam">USS <i>Gilliam</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Glenlyon" title="SS Glenlyon"><i>Glenlyon</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glen_Strathallan" title="Glen Strathallan">Glen Strathallan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAS_Good_Hope" title="SAS Good Hope">SAS <i>Good Hope</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Goorangai" title="HMAS Goorangai">HMAS <i>Goorangai</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Gothenburg" title="SS Gothenburg"><i>Gothenburg</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_A._Channon_(shipwreck)" title="Grace A. Channon (shipwreck)"><i>Grace A. Channon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Grecian" title="SS Grecian"><i>Grecian</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_(shipwreck)" title="Green Bay (shipwreck)"><i>Green Bay</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Cruise_(AM-215)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Cruise (AM-215)"><i>Gregory Poole</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gunilda" title="Gunilda">Gunilda</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">H</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MT_Haven" title="MT Haven">MT <i>Haven</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Henry_Chisholm" title="SS Henry Chisholm">SS <i>Henry Chisholm</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT_Hephaestus" title="MT Hephaestus">MT <i>Hephaestus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_destroyer_Z19_Hermann_K%C3%BCnne" title="German destroyer Z19 Hermann Künne"><i>Hermann Künne</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Hermes_(95)" title="HMS Hermes (95)">HMS <i>Hermes</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzogin_Cecilie" title="Herzogin Cecilie"><i>Herzogin Cecilie</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Hesper" title="SS Hesper">SS <i>Hesper</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hilma_Hooker" title="Hilma Hooker">Hilma Hooker</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Hispania_(1912)" title="SS Hispania (1912)"><i>Hispania</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_(schooner)" class="mw-redirect" title="Home (schooner)"><i>Home</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Hood_(1891)" title="HMS Hood (1891)">HMS <i>Hood</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Hobart_(D_39)" title="HMAS Hobart (D 39)">HMAS <i>Hobart</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">I</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igara_wreck" title="Igara wreck"><i>Igara</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Indra_(ARL-37)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Indra (ARL-37)">USS <i>Indra</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Ironsides" title="SS Ironsides">SS <i>Ironsides</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Isaac_M._Scott_(1909)" title="SS Isaac M. Scott (1909)">SS <i>Isaac M. Scott</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_City_(schooner)" title="Island City (schooner)"><i>Island City</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">J</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_J1" title="HMS J1">HMAS <i>J1</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_J2" title="HMS J2">HMAS <i>J2</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_J4" title="HMS J4">HMAS <i>J4</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_J5" title="HMS J5">HMAS <i>J5</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_James_Eagan_Layne" title="SS James Eagan Layne"><i>James Eagan Layne</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.S._Seaverns" title="J.S. Seaverns"><i>J.S. Seaverns</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_John_B._Cowle_(1902)" title="SS John B. Cowle (1902)">SS <i>John B. Cowle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Osborn" title="John M. Osborn"><i>John M. Osborn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_John_Mitchell_(1906)" title="SS John Mitchell (1906)">SS <i>John Mitchell</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jura_(ship,_1854)" title="Jura (ship, 1854)"><i>Jura</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Kamloops" title="SS Kamloops">SS <i>Kamloops</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashi_Maru" title="Kashi Maru"><i>Kashi Maru</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PS_Keystone_State" title="PS Keystone State">PS <i>Keystone State</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_King_Cruiser" title="MS King Cruiser"><i>King Cruiser</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Kittiwake_(ASR-13)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Kittiwake (ASR-13)">USS <i>Kittiwake</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kizugawa_Maru" title="Kizugawa Maru">Kizugawa Maru</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Kronprinz" title="SMS Kronprinz">SMS <i>Kronprinz</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyarra" title="Kyarra">Kyarra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Spangler_(schooner)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyle Spangler (schooner)"><i>Kyle Spangler</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PS_Lady_Elgin" title="PS Lady Elgin">PS <i>Lady Elgin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Thetis" title="Lady Thetis"><i>Lady Thetis</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Laforey_(1913)" title="HMS Laforey (1913)">HMS <i>Laforey</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Lakeland" title="SS Lakeland">SS <i>Lakeland</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Lamson_(DD-367)" title="USS Lamson (DD-367)">USS <i>Lamson</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USAT_Liberty" title="USAT Liberty">USAT <i>Liberty</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Louisiana" title="SS Louisiana">SS <i>Louisiana</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Louis_Sheid" title="SS Louis Sheid"><i>Louis Sheid</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_L.R._Doty" title="SS L.R. Doty">SS <i>L.R. Doty</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_LST-507" title="USS LST-507">USS <i>LST-507</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumberman_(shipwreck)" title="Lumberman (shipwreck)"><i>Lumberman</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_M2_(1918)" title="HMS M2 (1918)">HMS <i>M2</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Mackenzie" title="HMCS Mackenzie">HMCS <i>Mackenzie</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira_(ship)" title="Madeira (ship)"><i>Madeira</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Markgraf" title="SMS Markgraf">SMS <i>Markgraf</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Marquette_(1881)" title="SS Marquette (1881)">SS <i>Marquette</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayflower_(scow)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayflower (scow)"><i>Mayflower</i> (scow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Mikhail_Lermontov" title="MS Mikhail Lermontov"><i>Mikhail Lermontov</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Maine" title="SS Maine"><i>Maine</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Maloja" title="SS Maloja"><i>Maloja</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Maori_(F24)" title="HMS Maori (F24)">HMS <i>Maori</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Maori_(1893)" title="SS Maori (1893)">SS Maori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Margaret_Olwill" title="SS Margaret Olwill">SS <i>Margaret Olwill</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_(ship)" title="Marguerite (ship)"><i>Marguerite</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Mauna_Loa" title="SS Mauna Loa">SS <i>Mauna Loa</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USAT_Meigs" title="USAT Meigs">USAT <i>Meigs</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Mendi" title="SS Mendi"><i>Mendi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Mercedes_I" title="MV Mercedes I">MV <i>Mercedes I</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Mesquite_(WLB-305)" class="mw-redirect" title="USCGC Mesquite (WLB-305)">USCGC <i>Mesquite</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamora_(tug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamora (tug)"><i>Metamora</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Midland_City" title="SS Midland City">SS <i>Midland City</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Mindanao_(ARG-3)" title="USS Mindanao (ARG-3)">USS <i>Mindanao</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnedosa_(schooner_barge)" title="Minnedosa (schooner barge)"><i>Minnedosa</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Miowera" title="SS Miowera">SS <i>Miowera</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Milwaukee_(1902)" title="SS Milwaukee (1902)">SS <i>Milwaukee</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Mizpah_(PY-29)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Mizpah (PY-29)">USS <i>Mizpah</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miztec_(schooner_barge)" title="Miztec (schooner barge)"><i>Miztec</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Mohawk_(WPG-78)" title="USCGC Mohawk (WPG-78)">USCGC <i>Mohawk</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Mohegan" title="SS Mohegan"><i>Mohegan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Moldavia" title="RMS Moldavia">RMS <i>Moldavia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Monarch" title="SS Monarch">SS <i>Monarch</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Monrovia" title="SS Monrovia">SS <i>Monrovia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Montagu_(1901)" title="HMS Montagu (1901)">HMS <i>Montagu</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_M.M._Drake_(1882)" title="SS M.M. Drake (1882)">SS <i>M.M. Drake</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_RMS_Mulheim" title="MV RMS Mulheim">MV <i>RMS Mulheim</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Muliphen_(AKA-61)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Muliphen (AKA-61)">USS <i>Muliphen</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Myron" title="SS Myron">SS Myron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">N</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Nagato" title="Japanese battleship Nagato"><i>Nagato</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_(palace_steamer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niagara (palace steamer)"><i>Niagara</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_(tug)" title="Niagara (tug)"><i>Niagara</i> (tug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Nipigon_(DDH_266)" title="HMCS Nipigon (DDH 266)">HMCS <i>Nipigon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Norman" title="SS Norman">SS <i>Norman</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northerner_(schooner)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northerner (schooner)"><i>Northerner</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">O</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Oceana_(1887)" title="SS Oceana (1887)"><i>Oceana</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Onoko" title="SS Onoko">SS <i>Onoko</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Oriskany" title="USS Oriskany">USS <i>Oriskany</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Oslofjord_(1937)" title="MS Oslofjord (1937)"><i>Oslofjord</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_(paddle_steamer)" title="Ozone (paddle steamer)"><i>Ozone</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">P</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_patrol_boat_P29" title="Maltese patrol boat P29"><i>P29</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_patrol_boat_P31" title="Maltese patrol boat P31"><i>P31</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSS_Waterford_(1912)" title="TSS Waterford (1912)">SS <i>Panay</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Papoose" title="SS Papoose">SS <i>Papoose</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Pedernales" title="SS Pedernales"><i>Pedernales</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Persier_(1918)" title="SS Persier (1918)"><i>Persier</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Perth_(D_38)" title="HMAS Perth (D 38)">HMAS <i>Perth</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Pewabic" title="SS Pewabic">SS <i>Pewabic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Pelorus_(J291)" title="HMS Pelorus (J291)">SAS <i>Pietermaritzburg</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Pilotfish_(SS-386)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Pilotfish (SS-386)">USS <i>Pilotfish</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="MS Piłsudski"><i>Piłsudski</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Pioneer_(1905)" title="SS Pioneer (1905)">SS <i>Pioneer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Point_Swift_(WPB-82312)" class="mw-redirect" title="USCGC Point Swift (WPB-82312)">USCGC <i>Point Swift</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Pool_Fisher" title="MV Pool Fisher"><i>Pool Fisher</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Port_Kembla" title="SS Port Kembla">SS <i>Port Kembla</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Port_Napier" title="HMS Port Napier">HMS <i>Port Napier</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preussen_(ship)" title="Preussen (ship)"><i>Preußen</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_President_Coolidge" title="SS President Coolidge"><i>President Coolidge</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Prince_of_Wales_(53)" title="HMS Prince of Wales (53)">HMS <i>Prince of Wales</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Q</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PS_Queen_Victoria_(1838)" title="PS Queen Victoria (1838)"><i>Queen Victoria</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_R.P._Resor" title="SS R.P. Resor"><i>R.P. Resor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Radaas" title="SS Radaas"><i>Radaas</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Rankin" title="USS Rankin">USS <i>Rankin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Warrior_(1955)" title="Rainbow Warrior (1955)"><i>Rainbow Warrior</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Regina_(1907)" title="SS Regina (1907)"><i>Regina</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Repulse_(1916)" title="HMS Repulse (1916)">HMS <i>Repulse</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Rhone" title="RMS Rhone">RMS <i>Rhone</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Jubilant_(AM-255)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Jubilant (AM-255)"><i>Riva Palacio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Pringle_(tug)" title="Robert C. Pringle (tug)"><i>Robert C. Pringle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Robert_Wallace" title="SS Robert Wallace"><i>Robert Wallace</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_New_York_(ACR-2)" title="USS New York (ACR-2)">USS <i>Rochester</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Rondo" title="SS Rondo"><i>Rondo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Rosehill" title="SS Rosehill"><i>Rosehill</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosinco" title="Rosinco">Rosinco</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Rotorua_(1910)" title="SS Rotorua (1910)"><i>Rotorua</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rouse_Simmons" title="Rouse Simmons">Rouse Simmons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Adelaide_(1865)" title="Royal Adelaide (1865)"><i>Royal Adelaide</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Charter_(ship)" title="Royal Charter (ship)"><i>Royal Charter</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Rozi" title="MV Rozi"><i>Rozi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Russia_(1872)" title="SS Russia (1872)"><i>Russia</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Safari" title="HMS Safari">HMS <i>Safari</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagamore_(barge)" title="Sagamore (barge)"><i>Sagamore</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Saguenay_(DDH_206)" title="HMCS Saguenay (DDH 206)">HMCS <i>Saguenay</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Sakawa" title="Japanese cruiser Sakawa"><i>Sakawa</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Salem_Express" title="MV Salem Express"><i>Salem Express</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Samuel_Mather_(1887)" title="SS Samuel Mather (1887)"><i>Samuel Mather</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Ely_(shipwreck)" title="Samuel P. Ely (shipwreck)"><i>Samuel P. Ely</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanko_Harvest" title="Sanko Harvest"><i>Sanko Harvest</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)">USS <i>Saratoga</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Saskatchewan_(DDE_262)" title="HMCS Saskatchewan (DDE 262)">HMCS <i>Saskatchewan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_S.C._Baldwin" title="SS S.C. Baldwin"><i>S.C. Baldwin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Geier" title="SMS Geier">USS <i>Schurz</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Scuffle" title="USS Scuffle">USS <i>Scuffle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Scrimmage" title="USS Scrimmage">USS <i>Scrimmage</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Scylla_(F71)" title="HMS Scylla (F71)">HMS <i>Scylla</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Selah_Chamberlain" title="SS Selah Chamberlain"><i>Selah Chamberlain</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sidon_(P259)" title="HMS Sidon (P259)">HMS <i>Sidon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Spar_(WLB-403)" title="USCGC Spar (WLB-403)">USCGC <i>Spar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Swallow_(1824)" title="HMS Swallow (1824)"><i>South Australian</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Spiegel_Grove" title="USS Spiegel Grove">USS <i>Spiegel Grove</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_(shipwreck)" title="Sport (shipwreck)"><i>Sport</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stanegarth" title="Stanegarth">Stanegarth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Stanwood" title="SS Stanwood"><i>Stanwood</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Stella_(1890)" title="SS Stella (1890)"><i>Stella</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Stepas_Darius" title="SS Stepas Darius"><i>Stepas Darius</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_St_Lawrence_(1814)" title="HMS St Lawrence (1814)">HMS <i>St Lawrence</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Superior_City" title="SS Superior City"><i>Superior City</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Swan_(DE_50)" title="HMAS Swan (DE 50)">HMAS <i>Swan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweepstakes_(schooner)" title="Sweepstakes (schooner)"><i>Sweepstakes</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">T</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Tahoe" title="SS Tahoe"><i>Tahoe</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Tamaroa_(WMEC-166)" title="USCGC Tamaroa (WMEC-166)">USCGC <i>Tamaroa</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Tarpon_(SS-175)" title="USS Tarpon (SS-175)">USS <i>Tarpon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Thesis" title="SS Thesis"><i>Thesis</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Thistlegorm" title="SS Thistlegorm"><i>Thistlegorm</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Friant_(ship)" title="Thomas Friant (ship)"><i>Thomas Friant</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wilson_(shipwreck)" title="Thomas Wilson (shipwreck)"><i>Thomas Wilson</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_Wreck" class="mw-redirect" title="Thunderbolt Wreck">Thunderbolt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toa_Maru" title="Toa Maru">Toa Maru</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Tobruk_(L_50)" title="HMAS Tobruk (L 50)">HMAS <i>Tobruk</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokai_Maru" title="Tokai Maru">Tokai Maru</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Torrey_Canyon" title="SS Torrey Canyon"><i>Torrey Canyon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAS_Transvaal" title="SAS Transvaal">SAS <i>Transvaal</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MV_Treasure_oil_spill" title="MV Treasure oil spill">Treasure</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMNZS_Tui_(1970)" title="HMNZS Tui (1970)">HMNZS <i>Tui</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-40_(1938)" title="German submarine U-40 (1938)"><i>U-40</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-352" title="German submarine U-352"><i>U-352</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1195" title="German submarine U-1195"><i>U-1195</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Um_El_Faroud" title="Um El Faroud">Um El Faroud</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">V</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_1605_Mosel" title="German trawler V 1605 Mosel"><i>V 1605 Mosel</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Varvassi" title="SS Varvassi"><i>Varvassi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Vermilion_(AKA-107)" title="USS Vermilion (AKA-107)">USS <i>Vermilion</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Vernon" title="SS Vernon"><i>Vernon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Vienna_(1873)" title="SS Vienna (1873)"><i>Vienna</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">W</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMNZS_Waikato_(F55)" title="HMNZS Waikato (F55)">HMNZS <i>Waikato</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Walter_L_M_Russ" title="SS Walter L M Russ"><i>Walter L M Russ</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Warrior_(1917)" title="HMS Warrior (1917)">HMS <i>Warrior</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Washingtonian_(1913)" title="SS Washingtonian (1913)"><i>Washingtonian</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PS_Waubuno" title="PS Waubuno"><i>Waubuno</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMNZS_Wellington_(F69)" title="HMNZS Wellington (F69)">HMNZS <i>Wellington</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Wexford" title="SS Wexford"><i>Wexford</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_William_C._Moreland" title="SS William C. Moreland"><i>William C. Moreland</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Wisconsin" title="SS Wisconsin"><i>Wisconsin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Wilkes-Barre" title="USS Wilkes-Barre">USS <i>Wilkes-Barre</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Y</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Yancey" title="USS Yancey">USS <i>Yancey</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YO-257" title="YO-257">YO-257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Yongala" title="SS Yongala"><i>Yongala</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Yukon_(DDE_263)" title="HMCS Yukon (DDE 263)">HMCS <i>Yukon</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Z</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MS_Zenobia" title="MS Zenobia"><i>Zenobia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Zealandia_(1910)" title="SS Zealandia (1910)"><i>Zealandia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingara_(ship)" title="Zingara (ship)"><i>Zingara</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cave_dive_sites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cave dive sites</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Cave_diving_regions_of_the_world" title="Cave diving regions of the world">Cave diving regions of the world</a> <p>Cave dive sites: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blauh%C3%B6hle" title="Blauhöhle">Blauhöhle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_hole" title="Blue hole">Blue hole</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Hole_(Red_Sea)" title="Blue Hole (Red Sea)">Blue Hole (Red Sea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Blue_Hole" title="Great Blue Hole">Great Blue Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Hole_(Guam)" title="Blue Hole (Guam)">Blue Hole (Guam)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boesmansgat" title="Boesmansgat">Boesmansgat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenote" title="Cenote">Cenote</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dzibilchaltun" title="Dzibilchaltun">Dzibilchaltun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinhoyi_Caves" title="Chinhoyi Caves">Chinhoyi Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocklebiddy,_Western_Australia" title="Cocklebiddy, Western Australia">Cocklebiddy, Western Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Throat_at_Punta_Sur" title="Devil's Throat at Punta Sur">Devil's Throat at Punta Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engelbrecht_Cave" title="Engelbrecht Cave">Engelbrecht Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_Cave" title="Fossil Cave">Fossil Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hranice_Abyss" title="Hranice Abyss">Hranice Abyss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordbrugrotta" title="Jordbrugrotta">Jordbrugrotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilsby_sinkhole" title="Kilsby sinkhole">Kilsby sinkhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moln%C3%A1r_J%C3%A1nos_Cave" title="Molnár János Cave">Molnár János Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereo_Cave" title="Nereo Cave">Nereo Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccaninnie_Ponds" class="mw-redirect" title="Piccaninnie Ponds">Piccaninnie Ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluragrotta" title="Pluragrotta">Pluragrotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollatoomary" title="Pollatoomary">Pollatoomary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricks_Spring" title="Ricks Spring">Ricks Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shaft_(sinkhole)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Shaft (sinkhole)">The Shaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Dos_Ojos" title="Sistema Dos Ojos">Sistema Dos Ojos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Huautla" title="Sistema Huautla">Sistema Huautla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Nohoch_Nah_Chich" title="Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich">Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Ox_Bel_Ha" title="Sistema Ox Bel Ha">Sistema Ox Bel Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Sac_Actun" title="Sistema Sac Actun">Sistema Sac Actun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uamh_an_Claonaite" title="Uamh an Claonaite">Uamh an Claonaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortex_Spring" title="Vortex Spring">Vortex Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakulla_Springs" title="Wakulla Springs">Wakulla Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wondergat" class="mw-redirect" title="Wondergat">Wondergat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacat%C3%B3n" title="Zacatón">Zacatón</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Freshwater_dive_sites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Freshwater dive sites</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Hole_(New_Mexico)" title="Blue Hole (New Mexico)">Blue Hole (New Mexico)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Lake_(Utah)" title="Blue Lake (Utah)">Blue Lake (Utah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinorwic_quarry" title="Dinorwic quarry">Dinorwic quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_quarry" title="Dorothea quarry">Dorothea quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Springs" title="Dutch Springs">Dutch Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewens_Ponds" title="Ewens Ponds">Ewens Ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_caldera" title="Homestead caldera">Homestead caldera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Blue_Lake" title="Little Blue Lake">Little Blue Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logue_Brook_Dam" title="Logue Brook Dam">Logue Brook Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponce_de_Leon_Springs_State_Park" title="Ponce de Leon Springs State Park">Ponce de Leon Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Jungle,_Northern_Territory" title="Rum Jungle, Northern Territory">Rum Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silfra" title="Silfra">Silfra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortex_Spring" title="Vortex Spring">Vortex Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wast_Water" title="Wast Water">Wast Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazee_Lake" title="Wazee Lake">Wazee Lake</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Training_sites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Training sites</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Abyss" title="Blue Abyss">Blue Abyss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernwray_Dive_Centre" title="Capernwray Dive Centre">Capernwray Dive Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Dive_Dubai" title="Deep Dive Dubai">Deep Dive Dubai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepspot" title="Deepspot">Deepspot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccleston_Quarry" title="Eccleston Quarry">Eccleston Quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Terme_Millepini" title="Hotel Terme Millepini">Hotel Terme Millepini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diving_and_Activity_Centre" title="National Diving and Activity Centre">National Diving and Activity Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemo_33" title="Nemo 33">Nemo 33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seacrest_Cove_2" title="Seacrest Cove 2">Seacrest Cove 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slickstones_Quarry,_Cromhall" title="Slickstones Quarry, Cromhall">Slickstones Quarry, Cromhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoney_Cove" title="Stoney Cove">Stoney Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanage_Pier" title="Swanage Pier">Swanage Pier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Black-water diving">Black-water diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue-water diving">Blue-water diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_impact_diving" title="Low impact diving">Low impact diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_diving" title="Recreational diving">Recreational diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">Scuba diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving_tourism" title="Scuba diving tourism">Scuba diving tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_archaeology" title="Underwater archaeology">Underwater archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving" title="Underwater diving">Underwater diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_diving" title="Wall diving">Wall diving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_recreational_dive_sites" title="Outline of recreational dive sites">Outline of recreational dive sites</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span>Category: <a href="/wiki/Category:Underwater_diving_sites" title="Category:Underwater diving sites">Underwater diving sites</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_recreational_dive_sites" title="Index of recreational dive sites">Index of recreational dive sites</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Underwater_diving" title="Portal:Underwater diving">Portal:Underwater diving</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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