CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Heinrich Häberlin - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3a699d00-d5ef-9757-93ee-1e04c0708fae","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Heinrich_Häberlin","wgTitle":"Heinrich Häberlin","wgCurRevisionId":1235984386,"wgRevisionId":1235984386,"wgArticleId":240514,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from December 2019","Commons category link from Wikidata","1868 births","1947 deaths","People from Weinfelden","Swiss Calvinist and Reformed Christians","Free Democratic Party of Switzerland politicians","Members of the Federal Council (Switzerland)","Members of the National Council (Switzerland)","Presidents of the National Council (Switzerland)","Swiss military officers", "University of Zurich alumni","Leipzig University alumni","Humboldt University of Berlin alumni","People from Frauenfeld"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Heinrich_Häberlin","wgRelevantArticleId":240514,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader": true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q118222","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin.gif"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1500"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin.gif"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1000"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Heinrich Häberlin - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Heinrich_Häberlin rootpage-Heinrich_Häberlin skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Heinrich+H%C3%A4berlin" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Heinrich+H%C3%A4berlin" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Heinrich+H%C3%A4berlin" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Heinrich+H%C3%A4berlin" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Biography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family_background,_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_background,_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Family background, education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_background,_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Professional life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Retirement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anecdotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anecdotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Anecdotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anecdotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Heinrich Häberlin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" title="Heinrich Häberlin – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Heinrich Häberlin" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" title="Heinrich Häberlin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Heinrich Häberlin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" title="Heinrich Häberlin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Heinrich Häberlin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" title="Heinrich Häberlin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Heinrich Häberlin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" title="Heinrich Häberlin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Heinrich Häberlin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" title="Heinrich Häberlin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Heinrich Häberlin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" title="Heinrich Häberlin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Heinrich Häberlin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" title="Heinrich Häberlin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Heinrich Häberlin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henricus_H%C3%A4berlin" title="Henricus Häberlin – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Henricus Häberlin" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="هينريتش هابيرلين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هينريتش هابيرلين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" title="Heinrich Häberlin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Heinrich Häberlin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" title="Heinrich Häberlin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Heinrich Häberlin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" title="Heinrich Häberlin – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Heinrich Häberlin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Хеберлин, Генрих – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хеберлин, Генрих" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%BB%91%E4%BC%AF%E6%9E%97" title="海因里希·黑伯林 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="海因里希·黑伯林" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q118222#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&oldid=1235984386" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&id=1235984386&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHeinrich_H%25C3%25A4berlin"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHeinrich_H%25C3%25A4berlin"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q118222" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Swiss politician and judge (1868–1947)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin.gif" decoding="async" width="160" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Heinrich Häberlin</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Heinrich Häberlin</b> (6 September 1868 – 26 February 1947) was a Swiss politician, judge and member of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Federal Council">Swiss Federal Council</a> (1920–1934). </p><p>From 1904 he was a member of the Swiss Council of States, from 1905 member of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Council (Switzerland)">Grand Council</a> of the Canton of <a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau</a>. For four years he presided over the <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Free Democratic Party of Switzerland">FDP</a> in the Swiss Federal Assembly. On 12 February 1920, he was elected to the Federal Council and was in charge of the Justice and Police Department from which he resigned on 30 April 1934. Twice, in 1926 and 1931, he was elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President of the Federal Council</a>, making him the highest ranking representative of the Swiss Confederation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_background,_education"><span id="Family_background.2C_education"></span>Family background, education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family background, education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heinrich Häberlin was born 1868 in <a href="/wiki/Weinfelden" title="Weinfelden">Weinfelden</a> as the son of <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" title="Friedrich Heinrich Häberlin">Friedrich Heinrich Häberlin</a> (1834–1897). </p><p>The Häberlin family was influential on many levels in Swiss politics over the years and for this reason was occasionally referred to as the <i>Dynastengeschlecht der Häberlinge</i> (Family Dynasty of Häberlin). </p><p>His uncle <a href="/wiki/Eduard_H%C3%A4berlin" title="Eduard Häberlin">Eduard Häberlin</a> (1820–1884) was president of the Council of States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professional_life">Professional life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Professional life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon graduation from <i>Kantonsschule Frauenfeld</i> in 1887, he began law studies at the University of Zürich and continued his studies at the University of Leipzig and at the Humboldt University in Berlin. While in Leipzig which was the German stronghold for jurisprudence, he formed a friendship with Prinz Ferdinand von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, who was later crowned King Ferdinand I. of Great Romania. Though their ways parted, they met again years later when King Ferdinand I. was on an official state visit in Switzerland. Häberlin received his lawyer´s license in 1891 and completed a short internship in Lausanne at the lawyer´s office of Federal Councillor Louis Ruchonnet. In 1892 he opened his own law firm in Weinfelden, which two years later he moved to the canton capital of Frauenfeld. He quickly gained a reputation for being an outstanding lawyer and became the most sought after in this area of Switzerland. From 1899 to 1920 he presided over the District Court Frauenfeld. Häberlin got actively involved in politics, which was a common practice among judges and lawyers at that time. And in 1904 he was elected into the Swiss Federal Council of which he was president in 1918–1919. In addition to his political activities at the national level, Häberlin was also active in local politics in the Canton of Thurgau. In 1905 he was elected to the Grand Council of the Canton of Thurgau, where he served for 15 years. Twice he was appointed President of the Grand Council (1909/10 and 1915/16). Following the resignation of Federal Councillor Calonder, Häberlin was elected in the first ballot with 124 out of 159 votes as successor on 12 February 1920. While in office he was in charge of the Justice and Police Department. During his time in the Federal Council, he was President of the Swiss Confederation in 1926 and 1931. </p><p>Häberlin was to a large extent instrumental in the unification of criminal law. Characteristic of his tenure were particularly two rejected laws by the people for the expansion of state security laws, which became known as Lex Häberlin I and II. The purpose of these proposed laws was to protect the civil and democratic state against extremist influences. And in the wake of the rise of Nazism in Germany, he strongly condemned fascist and Nazi totalitarianism based on his democratic-liberal attitude and was warning of the danger of Hitler’s martial aspirations as early as 1932. Moreover, he was highly regarded for his expertise in his chosen field, the sharpness and preciseness of his dialectic skills, wit and humour. </p><p>As the President of the Board of Trustees of <a href="/wiki/Pro_Juventute" title="Pro Juventute">Pro Juventute</a>, he described the Yenish people as "a dark spot in our proud Swiss culture" in a brochure published in 1927, <a href="/wiki/Kinder_der_Landstrasse" title="Kinder der Landstrasse">advocating for their elimination</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dispensaries, teachers, pastors, and <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">non-profit organizations</a> provided support to the foundation. While the legislation provided certain boundaries, these limits were often disregarded, leading to open illegality. With the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire, Kaiser Karl I. and his wife <a href="/wiki/Zita_von_Bourbon-Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Zita von Bourbon-Parma">Zita von Bourbon-Parma</a> went into exile in Switzerland. Kaiser Karl I. gave his word of honor to the Swiss authorities to give notification in case of any intentions of travelling abroad, however, he broke it twice and went to Hungary in a futile attempt to restore the monarchy and to regain power over his lost empire. After that, based on Häberlin’s initiative, the whole family and entourage were no longer granted asylum in Switzerland due to their violation of Swiss asylum law and were asked to leave. Nevertheless, when one of the children of Empress Zita came down with appendectomy and needed to undergo surgery in Zürich, Häberlin granted them visa extensions for the time being. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retirement">Retirement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even after his retirement he was still much sought after in important matters. He became a board member of one of the biggest Swiss insurance companies Winterthur, and also first president of Pro Helvetia, and was friends and acquaintance with such diverse personalities as the famous German writer <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mittelholzer" title="Walter Mittelholzer">Walter Mittelholzer</a> who was not only a pioneer of Swiss aviation but also one of the first aviation entrepreneurs. Others included the Nobel prize winner for literature <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a>, the Swiss painters <a href="/wiki/Cuno_Amiet" title="Cuno Amiet">Cuno Amiet</a> who is considered a pioneer of modern art in Switzerland and <a href="/wiki/Carl_August_Liner" title="Carl August Liner">Carl Liner</a> among others. </p><p>Häberlin died 1947 in <a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anecdotes">Anecdotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Anecdotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Häberlin´s most famous and interesting client at the time when he practiced law in Weinfelden was certainly the airship inventor <a href="/wiki/Count_Ferdinand_von_Zeppelin" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin">Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin</a> (1838–1917). In Häberlin´s diaries an entry can be found from 16 September 1934 in which he writes that Count Zeppelin was among other things his client in manners such as border disputes with the eminent psychiatrist Ludwig Binswanger (1881–1966) who was running an exclusive psychiatric clinic nearby, the Sanatorium Bellevue. When Häberlin and the Count were discussing business matters in the lounge of the Count´s family estate Schloss Girsberg, it was not rare that they heard the propeller noise of Count Zeppelin’s airship passing by. In moments like these, Count Zeppelin’s attention was drawn away from matters at hand and Häberlin suggested, “Excellency, shall we take a break until the airship has passed?”, upon which Count Zeppelin stood up, went to the window with a smile, saying, “Yes, you are right, Sir.” </p><p>In the rare moments of leisurely life, Häberlin found a lot of comfort in mountaineering and one day he took his wife to the beautiful Alpine village of Zermatt and when he was introducing her to the different peaks surrounding it, an American tourist standing nearby overheard his explanations and assumed Häberlin to be a local mountain guide. The American approached and asked politely if it was possible to have him – the President of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Council of Switzerland">Federal Council of Switzerland</a> – as a mountain guide. In his usual manner of being low-key, the president politely explained to the American that he was on a holiday with his wife to show her the natural wonders of the Swiss Alps and thus wasn’t the “mountain guide” the gentlemen had mistaken him to be. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Häberlin was a regiment commander and was stationed with his troops in the Swiss Alps. In those days it was strongly prohibited for the soldier in charge of guarding horse carriages to ride on top of the carriage, instead the soldier had the duty to run behind the carriage in case anything fell off during the transportation. Needless to say, the soldier on duty was not too thrilled with this task, especially when the carriage was empty after delivering the goods and still he was not allowed to ride on it. So one day a guard of Häberlin´s regiment sat next to the coachman on the horse carriage on their way back after dropping off their goods at the designated area. They were on a mountainous road which had many turns, when all of a sudden Häberlin appeared out of nowhere and harshly questioned the guard why he was sitting on the coach instead of running alongside it. The flabbergasted soldier answered in all honesty, “Because Colonel, Sir, I noticed you too late!”, upon hearing this, Häberlin started to laugh heartily and let the soldier off due to the guard´s honesty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSzöke2021" class="citation journal cs1">Szöke, Dávid (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crs.ceu.edu/index.php/crs/article/download/138/75">"The Cultural Genocide of the Children of the Country Road"</a>. <i>Critical Romani Studies</i>. <b>4</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">88–</span>103. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.29098%2Fcrs.v4i1.138">10.29098/crs.v4i1.138</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Romani+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Cultural+Genocide+of+the+Children+of+the+Country+Road&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E88-%3C%2Fspan%3E103&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.29098%2Fcrs.v4i1.138&rft.aulast=Sz%C3%B6ke&rft.aufirst=D%C3%A1vid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrs.ceu.edu%2Findex.php%2Fcrs%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F138%2F75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeinrich+H%C3%A4berlin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Soland, Rolf (1997). <i>Zwischen Proletariern und Potentaten: Bundesrat Heinrich Haberlin, 1868-1947 und seine Tagebucher</i>, p. 422. Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3858236821" title="Special:BookSources/978-3858236821">978-3858236821</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Heinrich Häberlin">Heinrich Häberlin</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/federal-council/members-of-the-federal-council/heinrich-h%C3%A4berlin.html">Profile of Heinrich Häberlin</a> with election results on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start.html">website of the Swiss Federal Council</a>.</li> <li><i>Heinrich Häberlin</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D4065.php"><span title="Heinrich Häberlin in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F4065.php"><span title="Heinrich Häberlin in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I4065.php"><span title="Heinrich Häberlin in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlament.ch/E/Suche/Pages/biografie.aspx?biografie_id=2246">Biography of Heinrich Häberlin</a> on the website of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Swiss Parliament</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Calame&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Calame (page does not exist)">Henri Calame</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_National_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Swiss National Council">President of the National Council</a> </b><br />1918/1919 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_Blumer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard Blumer (page does not exist)">Eduard Blumer</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Calonder" title="Felix Calonder">Felix Calonder</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Swiss_Federal_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Swiss Federal Council">Member of the Swiss Federal Council</a> </b><br />1920–1934 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Baumann" title="Johannes Baumann">Johannes Baumann</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation_(list)177" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="Template:Presidents of the Swiss Confederation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Swiss Confederation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Swiss Confederation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation_(list)177" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President of the Swiss Confederation</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="List of presidents of the Swiss Confederation">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1; padding:0.35em 1em; text-align:center;">1848–1874</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Furrer" title="Jonas Furrer">Furrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Druey" title="Henri Druey">Druey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Munzinger" title="Josef Munzinger">Munzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Furrer" title="Jonas Furrer">Furrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Matthias_Naeff" title="Wilhelm Matthias Naeff">Naeff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Frey-Heros%C3%A9" title="Friedrich Frey-Herosé">Frey-Herosé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Furrer" title="Jonas Furrer">Furrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_St%C3%A4mpfli" title="Jakob Stämpfli">Stämpfli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_Fornerod" title="Constant Fornerod">Fornerod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Furrer" title="Jonas Furrer">Furrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_St%C3%A4mpfli" title="Jakob Stämpfli">Stämpfli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Frey-Heros%C3%A9" title="Friedrich Frey-Herosé">Frey-Herosé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Martin_Kn%C3%BCsel" title="Josef Martin Knüsel">Knüsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_St%C3%A4mpfli" title="Jakob Stämpfli">Stämpfli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_Fornerod" title="Constant Fornerod">Fornerod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Dubs" title="Jakob Dubs">Dubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Schenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Martin_Kn%C3%BCsel" title="Josef Martin Knüsel">Knüsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_Fornerod" title="Constant Fornerod">Fornerod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Dubs" title="Jakob Dubs">Dubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Welti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Dubs" title="Jakob Dubs">Dubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Schenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Welti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9r%C3%A9sole" title="Paul Cérésole">Cérésole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Schenk</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Switzerland"><img alt="Coat of arms of Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1; padding:0.35em 1em; text-align:center;">1875–1899</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Scherer" title="Johann Jakob Scherer">Scherer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Welti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Heer" title="Joachim Heer">Heer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Schenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Hammer" title="Bernhard Hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Welti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numa_Droz" title="Numa Droz">Droz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Bavier" title="Simeon Bavier">Bavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ruchonnet" title="Louis Ruchonnet">Ruchonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Welti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Schenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Deucher" title="Adolf Deucher">Deucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numa_Droz" title="Numa Droz">Droz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Hertenstein" title="Wilhelm Hertenstein">Hertenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Hammer" title="Bernhard Hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ruchonnet" title="Louis Ruchonnet">Ruchonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Welti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hauser" title="Walter Hauser">Hauser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Schenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Frey" title="Emil Frey">Frey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Zemp" title="Josef Zemp">Zemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Lachenal" title="Adrien Lachenal">Lachenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Deucher" title="Adolf Deucher">Deucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ruffy" title="Eugène Ruffy">Ruffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_M%C3%BCller_(Swiss_politician)" title="Eduard Müller (Swiss politician)">Müller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1; padding:0.35em 1em; text-align:center;">1900–1924</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hauser" title="Walter Hauser">Hauser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Brenner" title="Ernst Brenner">Brenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Zemp" title="Josef Zemp">Zemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Deucher" title="Adolf Deucher">Deucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Comtesse" title="Robert Comtesse">Comtesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Emile_Ruchet" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc-Emile Ruchet">Ruchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Forrer" title="Ludwig Forrer">Forrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_M%C3%BCller_(Swiss_politician)" title="Eduard Müller (Swiss politician)">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Brenner" title="Ernst Brenner">Brenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Deucher" title="Adolf Deucher">Deucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Comtesse" title="Robert Comtesse">Comtesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Emile_Ruchet" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc-Emile Ruchet">Ruchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Forrer" title="Ludwig Forrer">Forrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_M%C3%BCller_(Swiss_politician)" title="Eduard Müller (Swiss politician)">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hoffmann_(politician)" title="Arthur Hoffmann (politician)">Hoffmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Motta" title="Giuseppe Motta">Motta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Decoppet" title="Camille Decoppet">Decoppet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Schulthess" title="Edmund Schulthess">Schulthess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Calonder" title="Felix Calonder">Calonder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Ador" title="Gustave Ador">Ador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Motta" title="Giuseppe Motta">Motta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Schulthess" title="Edmund Schulthess">Schulthess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Haab" title="Robert Haab">Haab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Scheurer" title="Karl Scheurer">Scheurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Chuard" title="Ernest Chuard">Chuard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1; padding:0.35em 1em; text-align:center;">1925–1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Musy" title="Jean-Marie Musy">Musy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Häberlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Motta" title="Giuseppe Motta">Motta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Schulthess" title="Edmund Schulthess">Schulthess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Haab" title="Robert Haab">Haab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Musy" title="Jean-Marie Musy">Musy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Häberlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Motta" title="Giuseppe Motta">Motta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Schulthess" title="Edmund Schulthess">Schulthess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Pilet-Golaz" title="Marcel Pilet-Golaz">Pilet-Golaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Minger" title="Rudolf Minger">Minger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Meyer_(politician)" title="Albert Meyer (politician)">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Motta" title="Giuseppe Motta">Motta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Baumann" title="Johannes Baumann">Baumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Etter" title="Philipp Etter">Etter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Pilet-Golaz" title="Marcel Pilet-Golaz">Pilet-Golaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Wetter" title="Ernst Wetter">Wetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Etter" title="Philipp Etter">Etter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Celio" title="Enrico Celio">E. Celio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Stampfli" title="Walther Stampfli">Stampfli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_von_Steiger" title="Eduard von Steiger">von Steiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kobelt" title="Karl Kobelt">Kobelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Etter" title="Philipp Etter">Etter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Celio" title="Enrico Celio">E. Celio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Nobs" title="Ernst Nobs">Nobs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1; padding:0.35em 1em; text-align:center;">1950–1974</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Petitpierre" title="Max Petitpierre">Petitpierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_von_Steiger" title="Eduard von Steiger">Steiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kobelt" title="Karl Kobelt">Kobelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Etter" title="Philipp Etter">Etter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Rubattel" title="Rodolphe Rubattel">Rubattel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Petitpierre" title="Max Petitpierre">Petitpierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markus_Feldmann" title="Markus Feldmann">Feldmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Streuli" title="Hans Streuli">Streuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holenstein" title="Thomas Holenstein">Holenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Chaudet" title="Paul Chaudet">Chaudet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Petitpierre" title="Max Petitpierre">Petitpierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Traugott_Wahlen" title="Friedrich Traugott Wahlen">Wahlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Chaudet" title="Paul Chaudet">Chaudet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Sp%C3%BChler" title="Willy Spühler">Spühler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Moos" title="Ludwig von Moos">von Moos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Peter_Tschudi" title="Hans-Peter Tschudi">Tschudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Schaffner" title="Hans Schaffner">Schaffner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bonvin" title="Roger Bonvin">Bonvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Sp%C3%BChler" title="Willy Spühler">Spühler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Moos" title="Ludwig von Moos">von Moos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Peter_Tschudi" title="Hans-Peter Tschudi">Tschudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Gn%C3%A4gi" title="Rudolf Gnägi">Gnägi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nello_Celio" title="Nello Celio">N. Celio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bonvin" title="Roger Bonvin">Bonvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Brugger" title="Ernst Brugger">Brugger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1; padding:0.35em 1em; text-align:center;">1975–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Graber" title="Pierre Graber">Graber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Gn%C3%A4gi" title="Rudolf Gnägi">Gnägi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Furgler" title="Kurt Furgler">Furgler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willi_Ritschard" title="Willi Ritschard">Ritschard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_H%C3%BCrlimann" title="Hans Hürlimann">Hürlimann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges-Andr%C3%A9_Chevallaz" title="Georges-André Chevallaz">Chevallaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Furgler" title="Kurt Furgler">Furgler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Honegger" title="Fritz Honegger">Honegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Aubert" title="Pierre Aubert">Aubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Schlumpf" title="Leon Schlumpf">Schlumpf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Furgler" title="Kurt Furgler">Furgler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphons_Egli" title="Alphons Egli">Egli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Aubert" title="Pierre Aubert">Aubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Stich" title="Otto Stich">Stich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pascal_Delamuraz" title="Jean-Pascal Delamuraz">Delamuraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Koller" title="Arnold Koller">Koller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavio_Cotti" title="Flavio Cotti">Cotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Felber" title="René Felber">Felber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Ogi" title="Adolf Ogi">Ogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Stich" title="Otto Stich">Stich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspar_Villiger" title="Kaspar Villiger">Villiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pascal_Delamuraz" title="Jean-Pascal Delamuraz">Delamuraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Koller" title="Arnold Koller">Koller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavio_Cotti" title="Flavio Cotti">Cotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Dreifuss" title="Ruth Dreifuss">Dreifuss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1; padding:0.35em 1em; text-align:center;">2000–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Ogi" title="Adolf Ogi">Ogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Leuenberger" title="Moritz Leuenberger">Leuenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspar_Villiger" title="Kaspar Villiger">Villiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Couchepin" title="Pascal Couchepin">Couchepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Deiss" title="Joseph Deiss">Deiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Schmid" title="Samuel Schmid">Schmid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Leuenberger" title="Moritz Leuenberger">Leuenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey">Calmy-Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Couchepin" title="Pascal Couchepin">Couchepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Rudolf_Merz" title="Hans-Rudolf Merz">Merz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Leuthard" title="Doris Leuthard">Leuthard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey">Calmy-Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveline_Widmer-Schlumpf" title="Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf">Widmer-Schlumpf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ueli_Maurer" title="Ueli Maurer">Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didier_Burkhalter" title="Didier Burkhalter">Burkhalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simonetta_Sommaruga" title="Simonetta Sommaruga">Sommaruga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Schneider-Ammann" title="Johann Schneider-Ammann">Schneider-Ammann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Leuthard" title="Doris Leuthard">Leuthard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Berset" title="Alain Berset">Berset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ueli_Maurer" title="Ueli Maurer">Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simonetta_Sommaruga" title="Simonetta Sommaruga">Sommaruga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Parmelin" title="Guy Parmelin">Parmelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis" title="Ignazio Cassis">Cassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Berset" title="Alain Berset">Berset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Amherd" title="Viola Amherd">Amherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karin_Keller-Sutter" title="Karin Keller-Sutter">Keller-Sutter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118222#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1541" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118222#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1541" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118222#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000049965971">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/69111448">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/345666/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhxqYmHvQ7HghMfPVD6rq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119082004">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr94031630">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb137559502">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb137559502">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070530998">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/119082004.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119082004">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/066894131">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/004065">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Häberlin&oldid=1235984386">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Häberlin&oldid=1235984386</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1868_births" title="Category:1868 births">1868 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1947_deaths" title="Category:1947 deaths">1947 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Weinfelden" title="Category:People from Weinfelden">People from Weinfelden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swiss_Calvinist_and_Reformed_Christians" title="Category:Swiss Calvinist and Reformed Christians">Swiss Calvinist and Reformed Christians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Free_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland_politicians" title="Category:Free Democratic Party of Switzerland politicians">Free Democratic Party of Switzerland politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Category:Members of the Federal Council (Switzerland)">Members of the Federal Council (Switzerland)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Category:Members of the National Council (Switzerland)">Members of the National Council (Switzerland)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Category:Presidents of the National Council (Switzerland)">Presidents of the National Council (Switzerland)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swiss_military_officers" title="Category:Swiss military officers">Swiss military officers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Zurich_alumni" title="Category:University of Zurich alumni">University of Zurich alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leipzig_University_alumni" title="Category:Leipzig University alumni">Leipzig University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Humboldt_University_of_Berlin_alumni" title="Category:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni">Humboldt University of Berlin alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Frauenfeld" title="Category:People from Frauenfeld">People from Frauenfeld</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from December 2019">Use dmy dates from December 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 July 2024, at 07:39<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Heinrich Häberlin</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>15 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-d8647bfd6-7sdtw","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.370","walltime":"0.459","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2697,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":43788,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3228,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":21449,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 402.314 1 -total"," 20.53% 82.583 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.98% 80.366 1 Template:Swiss_Presidents"," 18.77% 75.511 1 Template:Navbox"," 17.67% 71.102 1 Template:Cite_journal"," 14.16% 56.973 2 Template:Succession_box"," 13.45% 54.121 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.69% 38.989 1 Template:Commons_category"," 9.67% 38.884 13 Template:Main_other"," 9.24% 37.188 1 Template:Sister_project"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.202","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6460223,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-bf8fdd8bb-hdb5r","timestamp":"20250219104828","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Heinrich H\u00e4berlin","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q118222","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q118222","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-06-05T11:26:32Z","dateModified":"2024-07-22T07:39:18Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/08\/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin.gif","headline":"member of the Swiss Federal Council (1868-1947)"}</script> </body> </html>