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Mohseni</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Kamran Mohseni"> <meta name="keywords" content="Kamran Mohseni"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Kamran Mohseni" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Kamran Mohseni"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 75</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Kamran Mohseni</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> It Is Time to Perform Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy (TLH) without the Use of Uterine Manipulator: Kamran's TLH</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Gendia">Ahmed Gendia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Kamran"> Waseem Kamran </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: Total Laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) remains a common approach among laparoscopic surgeons. However, this approach depends on the use of uterine manipulator to facilitate the surgery. Although many studies reported the effectiveness of TLH with uterine manipulator, only few reported TLH without the use of any uterine or vaginal manipulation. the aim of this report is to demonstrate our Technique (kamran's TLH) in performing TLH without the use of any uterine or vaginal manipulation in benign conditions and report our intra- and post-operative outcomes. Methodology : surgical technique will be demonstrated through a short video highlighting the easy and safe to learn surgical steps. Additionally, the data of 86 patients who underwent KTLH for benign condition were retrospectively analyzed. the data included intra- and postoperative finding and complications. Results : A total of 86 hysterectomies were performed utilizing the Kamran's TLH ( KTHL). Mean age was 52.2 (±11) years old and BMI was 28.2(±7). Mean operative time was 64.7(±27.9) minutes and estimated bloods loss was 46.2(±54.6) ml. No intraoperative complications were recorded and there was no conversion to open surgery. Only one patient required readmission and surgery for vaginal vault dehiscence. Conclusion & Significance: Uterine manipulator is a key component in performing laparoscopic hysterectomy. However, our approach demonstrated that TLH can be safely performed without the use of any uterine or vaginal manipulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laparoscopic%20hystrectomy" title="laparoscopic hystrectomy">laparoscopic hystrectomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TLH" title=" TLH"> TLH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uterine%20manipulator" title=" uterine manipulator"> uterine manipulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgery" title=" surgery "> surgery </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128639/it-is-time-to-perform-total-laparoscopic-hysterectomy-tlh-without-the-use-of-uterine-manipulator-kamrans-tlh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> The Observable Method for the Regularization of Shock-Interface Interactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teng%20Li">Teng Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Mohseni"> Kamran Mohseni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an inviscid regularization technique that is capable of regularizing the shocks and sharp interfaces simultaneously in the shock-interface interaction simulations. The direct numerical simulation of flows involving shocks has been investigated for many years and a lot of numerical methods were developed to capture the shocks. However, most of these methods rely on the numerical dissipation to regularize the shocks. Moreover, in high Reynolds number flows, the nonlinear terms in hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations (PDE) dominates, constantly generating small scale features. This makes direct numerical simulation of shocks even harder. The same difficulty happens in two-phase flow with sharp interfaces where the nonlinear terms in the governing equations keep sharpening the interfaces to discontinuities. The main idea of the proposed technique is to average out the small scales that is below the resolution (observable scale) of the computational grid by filtering the convective velocity in the nonlinear terms in the governing PDE. This technique is named “observable method” and it results in a set of hyperbolic equations called observable equations, namely, observable Navier-Stokes or Euler equations. The observable method has been applied to the flow simulations involving shocks, turbulence, and two-phase flows, and the results are promising. In the current paper, the observable method is examined on the performance of regularizing shocks and interfaces at the same time in shock-interface interaction problems. Bubble-shock interactions and Richtmyer-Meshkov instability are particularly chosen to be studied. Observable Euler equations will be numerically solved with pseudo-spectral discretization in space and third order Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) Runge Kutta method in time. Results are presented and compared with existing publications. The interface acceleration and deformation and shock reflection are particularly examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressible%20flow%20simulation" title="compressible flow simulation">compressible flow simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inviscid%20regularization" title=" inviscid regularization"> inviscid regularization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richtmyer-Meshkov%20instability" title=" Richtmyer-Meshkov instability"> Richtmyer-Meshkov instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock-bubble%20interactions." title=" shock-bubble interactions. "> shock-bubble interactions. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37215/the-observable-method-for-the-regularization-of-shock-interface-interactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37215.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> Nanoparticles and Nanoproducts in Medicine Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shideh%20Mohseni%20Movahed">Shideh Mohseni Movahed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansoureh%20Safari"> Mansoureh Safari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Safari"> Ali Safari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the state of play and prospect of nanoparticles and nanoproducts in medicine have been discussed. Advances in terms of scientific knowledge in the Nanosciences (nanotechnologies and/or nanomaterials) have and already translated into an industrial and economic reality. Just like other sectors in the phase of launching products in the markets, it is to consider the introduction of these new products in order to measure and control potential consequences in terms of health impacts on humans and the environment, but also in terms of societal impacts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title="nanoparticles">nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoproducts" title=" nanoproducts"> nanoproducts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicine" title=" medicine"> medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70736/nanoparticles-and-nanoproducts-in-medicine-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> Chaotic Behavior in Monetary Systems: Comparison among Different Types of Taylor Rule</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Moosavi%20Mohseni">Reza Moosavi Mohseni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenjun%20Zhang"> Wenjun Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiling%20Cao"> Jiling Cao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present study is to detect the chaotic behavior in monetary economic relevant dynamical system. The study employs three different forms of Taylor rules: current, forward, and backward looking. The result suggests the existence of the chaotic behavior in all three systems. In addition, the results strongly represent that using expectations especially rational expectation hypothesis can increase complexity of the system and leads to more chaotic behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taylor%20rule" title="taylor rule">taylor rule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monetary%20system" title=" monetary system"> monetary system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaos%20theory" title=" chaos theory"> chaos theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lyapunov%20exponent" title=" lyapunov exponent"> lyapunov exponent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GMM%20estimator" title=" GMM estimator"> GMM estimator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27264/chaotic-behavior-in-monetary-systems-comparison-among-different-types-of-taylor-rule" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">528</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shideh%20Mohseni%20Movahed">Shideh Mohseni Movahed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansoureh%20Safari"> Mansoureh Safari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intelligent drug delivery systems (IDDS) are innovative technological innovations and clinical way to advance current treatments. These systems differ in technique of therapeutic administration, intricacy, materials and patient compliance to address numerous clinical conditions that require different pharmacological therapies. IDDS capable of releasing an active molecule at the proper site and at a amount that adjusts in response to the progression of the disease or to certain functions/biorhythms of the organism is particularly appealing. In this paper, we describe the most recent advances in the development of intelligent drug delivery systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery%20systems" title="drug delivery systems">drug delivery systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDDS" title=" IDDS"> IDDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicine" title=" medicine"> medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81880/intelligent-drug-delivery-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Regularized Euler Equations for Incompressible Two-Phase Flow Simulations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teng%20Li">Teng Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Mohseni"> Kamran Mohseni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an inviscid regularization technique for the incompressible two-phase flow simulations. This technique is known as observable method due to the understanding of observability that any feature smaller than the actual resolution (physical or numerical), i.e., the size of wire in hotwire anemometry or the grid size in numerical simulations, is not able to be captured or observed. Differ from most regularization techniques that applies on the numerical discretization, the observable method is employed at PDE level during the derivation of equations. Difficulties in the simulation and analysis of realistic fluid flow often result from discontinuities (or near-discontinuities) in the calculated fluid properties or state. Accurately capturing these discontinuities is especially crucial when simulating flows involving shocks, turbulence or sharp interfaces. Over the past several years, the properties of this new regularization technique have been investigated that show the capability of simultaneously regularizing shocks and turbulence. The observable method has been performed on the direct numerical simulations of shocks and turbulence where the discontinuities are successfully regularized and flow features are well captured. In the current paper, the observable method will be extended to two-phase interfacial flows. Multiphase flows share the similar features with shocks and turbulence that is the nonlinear irregularity caused by the nonlinear terms in the governing equations, namely, Euler equations. In the direct numerical simulation of two-phase flows, the interfaces are usually treated as the smooth transition of the properties from one fluid phase to the other. However, in high Reynolds number or low viscosity flows, the nonlinear terms will generate smaller scales which will sharpen the interface, causing discontinuities. Many numerical methods for two-phase flows fail at high Reynolds number case while some others depend on the numerical diffusion from spatial discretization. The observable method regularizes this nonlinear mechanism by filtering the convective terms and this process is inviscid. The filtering effect is controlled by an observable scale which is usually about a grid length. Single rising bubble and Rayleigh-Taylor instability are studied, in particular, to examine the performance of the observable method. A pseudo-spectral method is used for spatial discretization which will not introduce numerical diffusion, and a Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) Runge Kutta method is applied for time integration. The observable incompressible Euler equations are solved for these two problems. In rising bubble problem, the terminal velocity and shape of the bubble are particularly examined and compared with experiments and other numerical results. In the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, the shape of the interface are studied for different observable scale and the spike and bubble velocities, as well as positions (under a proper observable scale), are compared with other simulation results. The results indicate that this regularization technique can potentially regularize the sharp interface in the two-phase flow simulations <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Euler%20equations" title="Euler equations">Euler equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incompressible%20flow%20simulation" title=" incompressible flow simulation"> incompressible flow simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inviscid%20regularization%20technique" title=" inviscid regularization technique"> inviscid regularization technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase%20flow" title=" two-phase flow"> two-phase flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37217/regularized-euler-equations-for-incompressible-two-phase-flow-simulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37217.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">502</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Preparation of Nanocrystalline Mesoporous ThO2 Via Surfactant Assisted Sol-gel Procedure </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Mohseni">N. Mohseni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Janitabar"> S. Janitabar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.J.%20Ahmadi"> S.J. Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Roshanzamir"> M. Roshanzamir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Thaghizadeh"> M. Thaghizadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There has been proposed a technique for getting thorium dioxide mesoporous nanocrystalline. In this paper thorium dioxide powder was synthesized through the sol-gel method using hydrated thorium nitrate and ammonium hydroxide as starting materials and Triton X100 as surfactant. ThO2 gel was characterized by thermogravimetric (TG), and prepared ThO2 powder was subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emett-Teller (BET) analyses studies. Detailed analyses show that prepared powder consisted of phase with the space group Fm3m of thoria and its crystalline size was 27 nm. The thoria possesses 16.7 m2/g surface area and the pore volume and size calculated to be 0.0423 cc/g and 1.947 nm, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesoporous" title="mesoporous">mesoporous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystalline" title=" nanocrystalline"> nanocrystalline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel" title="sol-gel">sol-gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thoria" title=" thoria "> thoria </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24862/preparation-of-nanocrystalline-mesoporous-tho2-via-surfactant-assisted-sol-gel-procedure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Novel Scratch Resistant Self-Healing Automotive Clearcoats Using Hyperbranched Polymers and POSS Nanostructures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.Yari">H.Yari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mohseni"> M. Mohseni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Ranjbar"> Z. Ranjbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work a typical automotive clearcoat is modified with a combination of hyperbranched polymer (HBP) and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanostructures to simultaneously enhance the scratch resistance and healing ability of the resulting films. Micro-scratch and healing data revealed that these goals were achieved at high loadings of modifiers. Enhanced scratch resistance was attributed to the improved elastic recovery of the clearcoats in presence of modifiers. In addition, improved healing performance due to the partial replacement of covalent cross-links with physical ones resulted from the unique globular highly branched structure of HBP and POSS macromolecules. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automotive%20clearcoat" title="automotive clearcoat">automotive clearcoat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=POSS%20building%20blocks%20scratch%20resistance" title=" POSS building blocks scratch resistance"> POSS building blocks scratch resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-healing" title=" self-healing"> self-healing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17125/novel-scratch-resistant-self-healing-automotive-clearcoats-using-hyperbranched-polymers-and-poss-nanostructures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Contribution of Intermediate Diaphragms on LDFs of Straight and Skew Concrete Multicell Box-Girder Bridges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Mohseni">Iman Mohseni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current studies indicate that neglecting the effect of intermediate diaphragms might lead to highly conservative values for bending moment distribution factors and result in non-economic designs for skew bridges. This paper reports on a parametric study performed on 160 prototypes of straight and skew concrete multicell box-girder bridges. The obtained results were used to develop practical expressions to account for the diaphragm effects on American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials formulas for live load distribution factors. It was observed that decks with internal transverse diaphragms perpendicular to the longitudinal webs are the best arrangement for load distribution in skew bridges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=box%20bridges" title="box bridges">box bridges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=truck" title=" truck"> truck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20factor" title=" distribution factor"> distribution factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diaphragm" title=" diaphragm"> diaphragm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46711/contribution-of-intermediate-diaphragms-on-ldfs-of-straight-and-skew-concrete-multicell-box-girder-bridges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> OFDM Radar for Detecting a Rayleigh Fluctuating Target in Gaussian Noise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboobeh%20Eghtesad">Mahboobeh Eghtesad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Mohseni"> Reza Mohseni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We develop methods for detecting a target for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based radars. As a preliminary step we introduce the target and Gaussian noise models in discrete–time form. Then, resorting to match filter (MF) we derive a detector for two different scenarios: a non-fluctuating target and a Rayleigh fluctuating target. It will be shown that a MF is not suitable for Rayleigh fluctuating targets. In this paper we propose a reduced-complexity method based on fast Fourier transfrom (FFT) for such a situation. The proposed method has better detection performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20false%20alarm%20rate%20%28CFAR%29" title="constant false alarm rate (CFAR)">constant false alarm rate (CFAR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=match%20filter%20%28MF%29" title=" match filter (MF)"> match filter (MF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20Fourier%20transform%20%28FFT%29" title=" fast Fourier transform (FFT)"> fast Fourier transform (FFT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM%20radars" title=" OFDM radars"> OFDM radars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayleigh%20fluctuating%20target" title=" Rayleigh fluctuating target"> Rayleigh fluctuating target</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5922/ofdm-radar-for-detecting-a-rayleigh-fluctuating-target-in-gaussian-noise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Chemical Modification of Biosorbent for Prconcentation of Cadmium in Water Sample</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Homayon%20Ahmad%20Panahi">Homayon Ahmad Panahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niusha%20Mohseni%20Darabi"> Niusha Mohseni Darabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Moniri"> Elham Moniri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new biosorbent is prepared by coupling a cibacron blue to yeast cells. The modified yeast cells with cibacron blue has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and elemental analysis and applied for the preconcentration and solid phase extraction of trace cadmium ion from water samples. The optimum pH value for sorption of the cadmium ions by yeast cells- cibacron blue was 5.5. The sorption capacity of modified biosorbent was 45 mg. g−1. A recovery of 98.2% was obtained for Cd(II) when eluted with 0.5 M nitric acid. The method was applied for Cd(II) preconcentration and determination in sea water sample. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20phase%20extraction" title="solid phase extraction">solid phase extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yeast%20cells" title=" yeast cells"> yeast cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nickl" title=" Nickl"> Nickl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isotherm%20study" title=" isotherm study"> isotherm study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52871/chemical-modification-of-biosorbent-for-prconcentation-of-cadmium-in-water-sample" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Preparation of Natural Polymeric Scaffold with Desired Pore Morphology for Stem Cell Differentiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojdeh%20Mohseni">Mojdeh Mohseni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the context of tissue engineering, the effect of microtopography as afforded by scaffold morphology is an important design parameter. Since the morphology of pores can effect on cell behavior, in this study, porous Chitosan (CHIT) - Gelatin (GEL)- Alginate (ALG) scaffolds with microtubule orientation structure were manufactured by unidirectional freeze-drying method and the effect of pore morphology on differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) was investigated. This study showed that, the provided scaffold with natural polymer had good properties for cell behavior and the pores with highest orientation rate have produced appropriate substrate for the differentiation of stem cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chitosan" title="Chitosan">Chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelatin" title=" gelatin"> gelatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alginate" title=" Alginate"> Alginate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pore%20morphology" title=" pore morphology"> pore morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cell%20differentiation" title=" stem cell differentiation"> stem cell differentiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15601/preparation-of-natural-polymeric-scaffold-with-desired-pore-morphology-for-stem-cell-differentiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Cell Patterns and Tissue Metamorphoses Based on Cell Surface Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reyhane%20Hamed%20Kamran">Reyhane Hamed Kamran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Early stage morphogenesis requires the execution of complex systems that direct the nearby conduct of gatherings of cells. The organization of such instruments has been, for the most part, deciphered through the recognizable proof of moderated groups of flagging pathways that spatially and transiently control cell conduct. In any case, how this data is handled to control cell shape and cell elements is an open territory of examination. The structure that rises up out of differing controls, for example, cell science, material science, and formative science, focuses to bond and cortical actin arranges as controllers of cell surface mechanics. In this specific circumstance, a scope of formative marvels can be clarified by the guideline of cell surface pressure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell" title="cell">cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20damage" title=" tissue damage"> tissue damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphogenesis" title=" morphogenesis"> morphogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20conduct" title=" cell conduct"> cell conduct</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154753/cell-patterns-and-tissue-metamorphoses-based-on-cell-surface-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Researching Apache Hama: A Pure BSP Computing Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Siddique">Kamran Siddique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yangwoo%20Kim"> Yangwoo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahid%20Akhtar"> Zahid Akhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the technological advancements have led to a deluge of data from distinctive domains and the need for development of solutions based on parallel and distributed computing has still long way to go. That is why, the research and development of massive computing frameworks is continuously growing. At this particular stage, highlighting a potential research area along with key insights could be an asset for researchers in the field. Therefore, this paper explores one of the emerging distributed computing frameworks, Apache Hama. It is a Top Level Project under the Apache Software Foundation, based on Bulk Synchronous Processing (BSP). We present an unbiased and critical interrogation session about Apache Hama and conclude research directions in order to assist interested researchers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apache%20hama" title="apache hama">apache hama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20synchronous%20parallel" title=" bulk synchronous parallel"> bulk synchronous parallel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BSP" title=" BSP"> BSP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20computing" title=" distributed computing"> distributed computing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45015/researching-apache-hama-a-pure-bsp-computing-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Degradation Mechanism of Automotive Refinish Coatings Exposed to Biological Substances: The Role of Cross-Linking Density</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mahdavi">M. Mahdavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mohseni"> M. Mohseni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Rafiei"> R. Rafiei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yari"> H. Yari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental factors can deteriorate the automotive coatings significantly. Such as UV radiations, humidity, hot-cold shock and destructive chemical compounds. Furthermore, some natural materials such as bird droppings and tree gums have the potential to degrade the coatings as well. The present work aims to study the mechanism of degradation for two automotive refinish coating (PU based) systems exposed to two types of biological materials, i.e. Arabic gum and the simulated bird dropping, pancreatin. To reach this goal, effects of these biological materials on surface properties and appearance were studied using different techniques including digital camera, FT-IR spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and gloss measurements. In addition, the thermo-mechanical behavior of coatings was examined by DMTA. It was found that cross-linking had a crucial role on the biological resistance of clear coat. The higher cross-linking enhanced biological resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refinish%20clear%20coat" title="refinish clear coat">refinish clear coat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pancreatin" title=" pancreatin"> pancreatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20gum" title=" Arabic gum"> Arabic gum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-linking" title=" cross-linking"> cross-linking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20degradation" title=" biological degradation"> biological degradation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18510/degradation-mechanism-of-automotive-refinish-coatings-exposed-to-biological-substances-the-role-of-cross-linking-density" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Herb's Market Development for Capability Poverty Alleviation: Case Study of Bagh- E- Narges Village under Komak Charity's Support</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedeh%20Afsoon%20Mohseni">Seyedeh Afsoon Mohseni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The importance of the approach to the poverty definition is revealed regarding to it’s effect on the nature of planning poverty alleviation programs. This research employs the capability deprivation approach to alleviate rural poverty and seeks to develop herb’s market to alleviate capability poverty with an NGO’s intervene, Komak charity foundation. This research has employed qualitative approach; the data were collected through field observations, review of documents and interviews. Subsequently they were analyses by thematic analysis method. According to the findings, Komak charity can provide the least sustenance of the rural poor and alleviate capability poverty emergence through Herb’s market development of the village. Employing the themes, the market development is planned in two phases of empirical production and product development. Komak charity can intervene as a facilitator by providing micro credits, cooperative and supervising. Furthermore, planning on education and raising participation are prerequisites for the efficiency of the plan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capability%20poverty" title="capability poverty">capability poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herb%27s%20market%20development" title=" Herb's market development"> Herb's market development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NGO" title=" NGO"> NGO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Komak%20charity%20foundation" title=" Komak charity foundation"> Komak charity foundation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18193/herbs-market-development-for-capability-poverty-alleviation-case-study-of-bagh-e-narges-village-under-komak-charitys-support" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Extracting Spatial Information Using Stereo Imageries for Mapping Slum Areas in Karachi, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Raza%20Mehdi">Mohammed Raza Mehdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Ahmed"> Kamran Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mega-city Karachi has numerous unplanned slum areas and squatter settlements with irregular growth of building structures. Due to weak development policy and lack of development control, such settlements are increasing at a rapid pace. Mapping such areas for planning and infrastructure development requires an integrated approach of socio-spatial and technological tools. Therefore in this study, an attempt is made to create GIS information layers on complex inbound built-up areas of slums at the coastal belt of Karachi by using a stereo pair of satellite images. The outcome expected is technological application to aid planning institutions for crisis management and infrastructure development in irregularly developed slum areas of Karachi, Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slum" title="slum">slum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20imageries" title=" satellite imageries"> satellite imageries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karachi" title=" Karachi"> Karachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122338/extracting-spatial-information-using-stereo-imageries-for-mapping-slum-areas-in-karachi-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Bake Hardening Behavior of Ultrafine Grained and Nano-Grained AA6061 Aluminum Alloy </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Alihosseini">Hamid Alihosseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Dehghani"> Kamran Dehghani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the effects of grain size of AA6061 aluminum on the bake hardening have been investigated. The grains of sample sheets refined by applying 4, 8, and 12 passes of ECAP and their microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. EBSD and TEM studies of the sheets showed grain refinement, and the EBSD micrograph of the alloy ECAPed for 12 passes showed nano-grained (NG) ∼95nm in size. Then, the bake hardenability of processed sheet was compared by pre-straining to 6% followed by baking at 200°C for 20 min. The results show that in case of baking at 200°C, there was an increase about 108%, 93%, and 72% in the bake hardening for 12, 8, and 4 passes, respectively. The maximum in bake hardenability (120 MPa) and final yield stress (583 MPa) were pertaining to the ultra-fine grain specimen pre-strained 6% followed by baking at 200◦C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bake%20hardening" title="bake hardening">bake hardening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrafine%20grain" title=" ultrafine grain"> ultrafine grain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20grain" title=" nano grain"> nano grain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AA6061%20aluminum" title=" AA6061 aluminum"> AA6061 aluminum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=" "> </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33963/bake-hardening-behavior-of-ultrafine-grained-and-nano-grained-aa6061-aluminum-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Fatigue Behavior of Dissimilar Welded Monel400 and SS316 by Friction Stir Welding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aboozar%20Aghaei">Aboozar Aghaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Dehghani"> Kamran Dehghani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, the dissimilar Monel400 and SS316 were joined by friction stir welding (FSW). The applied rotating speed was 400 rpm, whereas the traverse speed varied between 50 and 150 mm/min. At a constant rotating speed, the sound welds were obtained at the welding speeds of 50 and 100 mm/min. However, a groove-like defect was formed when the welding speed exceeded 100 mm/min. The mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated using tensile and fatigue tests. The fatigue strength of dissimilar FSWed specimens was higher than that of both Monel400 and SS316. To study the failure behavior of FSWed specimens, the fracture surfaces were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The failure analysis indicates that different mechanisms may contribute to the fracture of welds. This was attributed to the dissimilar characteristics of dissimilar materials exhibiting different failure behaviors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frictions%20stir%20welding" title="frictions stir welding">frictions stir welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel" title=" stainless steel"> stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monel400" title=" Monel400"> Monel400</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166000/fatigue-behavior-of-dissimilar-welded-monel400-and-ss316-by-friction-stir-welding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Autonomic Threat Avoidance and Self-Healing in Database Management System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wajahat%20Munir">Wajahat Munir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Haseeb"> Muhammad Haseeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeel%20Anjum"> Adeel Anjum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basit%20Raza"> Basit Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Kamran%20Malik"> Ahmad Kamran Malik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Databases are the key components of the software systems. Due to the exponential growth of data, it is the concern that the data should be accurate and available. The data in databases is vulnerable to internal and external threats, especially when it contains sensitive data like medical or military applications. Whenever the data is changed by malicious intent, data analysis result may lead to disastrous decisions. Autonomic self-healing is molded toward computer system after inspiring from the autonomic system of human body. In order to guarantee the accuracy and availability of data, we propose a technique which on a priority basis, tries to avoid any malicious transaction from execution and in case a malicious transaction affects the system, it heals the system in an isolated mode in such a way that the availability of system would not be compromised. Using this autonomic system, the management cost and time of DBAs can be minimized. In the end, we test our model and present the findings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomic%20computing" title="autonomic computing">autonomic computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-healing" title=" self-healing"> self-healing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threat%20avoidance" title=" threat avoidance"> threat avoidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71728/autonomic-threat-avoidance-and-self-healing-in-database-management-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Viability of Eggshells Ash Affecting the Setting Time of Cement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazeera%20Ujin">Fazeera Ujin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Shavarebi%20Ali"> Kamran Shavarebi Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zarina%20Yasmin%20Hanur%20Harith"> Zarina Yasmin Hanur Harith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper reports on the feasibility and viability of eggshells ash and its effects on the water content and setting time of cement. An experiment was carried out to determine the quantity of water required in order to follow standard cement paste of normal consistency in accordance with MS EN 196-3:2007. The eggshells ash passing the 90µm sieve was used in the investigation. Eggshells ash with percentage of 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% were constituted to replace the cement. Chemical properties of both eggshells ash and cement are compared. From the results obtained, both eggshells ash and cement have the same chemical composition and primary composition which is the calcium compounds. Results from the setting time show that by adding the eggshells ash to the cement, the setting time of the cement decreases. In short, the higher amount of eggshells ash, the faster the rate of setting and apply to all percentage of eggshells ash that were used in this investigation. Both initial and final setting times fulfill the setting time requirements by Malaysian Standard. Hence, it is suggested that eggshells ash can be used as an admixture in concrete mix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20materials" title="construction materials">construction materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eggshells%20ash" title=" eggshells ash"> eggshells ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20waste" title=" solid waste"> solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=setting%20time" title=" setting time"> setting time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43490/viability-of-eggshells-ash-affecting-the-setting-time-of-cement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Evaluation of the Effect of IMS on the Social Responsibility in the Oil and Gas Production Companies of National Iranian South Oil Fields Company (NISOC)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Taghizadeh">Kamran Taghizadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of IMS including occupational health system, environmental management system, and safety and health system on the social responsibility (case study of NISOC`s oil and gas production companies). This study`s objectives include evaluating the IMS situation and its effect on social responsibility in addition of providing appropriate solutions based on the study`s hypotheses as a basis for future. Data collection was carried out by library and field studies as well as a questionnaire. The stratified random method was the sampling method and a sample of 285 employees in addition to the collected data (from the questionnaire) were analyzed by inferential statistics methods using SPSS software. Finally, results of regression and fitted model at a significance level of 5% confirmed all hypotheses meaning that IMS and its items have a significant effect on social responsibility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20responsibility" title="social responsibility">social responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20management" title=" integrated management"> integrated management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20and%20gas%20production%20companies" title=" oil and gas production companies"> oil and gas production companies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39409/evaluation-of-the-effect-of-ims-on-the-social-responsibility-in-the-oil-and-gas-production-companies-of-national-iranian-south-oil-fields-company-nisoc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Board of Directors Characteristics and Credit Union Financial Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luisa%20Unda">Luisa Unda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Ahmed"> Kamran Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Mather"> Paul Mather</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We examine the effect of board characteristics on the performance and asset quality of credit unions in Australia, using a large sample covering the period 2004-2012. Credit unions are unique in that they are customer-owned financial institutions and directors are democratically elected by members, which is distinctly different from other financial institutions, such as commercial banks. We find that board remuneration, board expertise, and attendance at board meetings have significantly positive impacts on credit union performance and asset quality, while board members who hold multiple directorships (busy directors), have a significant negative impact on credit union performance. Financial performance also improves with larger boards and long-tenured directors in credit unions. All of these relations hold after we control for alternative measures of performance, credit union characteristics and endogeneity problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=credit%20unions" title="credit unions">credit unions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title=" corporate governance"> corporate governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=board%20of%20directors" title=" board of directors"> board of directors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20performance" title=" financial performance"> financial performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Australia" title=" Australia"> Australia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asset%20quality" title=" asset quality"> asset quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26547/board-of-directors-characteristics-and-credit-union-financial-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Death Anxiety and Life Expectancy among Older Adults in Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahid%20Rashedi">Vahid Rashedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Banafsheh%20Ebrahimi"> Banafsheh Ebrahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahtab%20Sharif%20Mohseni"> Mahtab Sharif Mohseni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadali%20Hosseini"> Mohammadali Hosseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: One of the metrics used to evaluate health status is life expectancy. This index alters as people age as a result of several events, illnesses, stress, and anxiety. One of the issues that might develop into a lethal phobia is death anxiety. This study looked at older persons in Tehran, Iran, to see if there was any correlation between life expectancy and fear of dying. Methods: Cluster random sampling was used to select 208 older persons (age 60) who had been sent to adult daycare facilities in Tehran for this correlational descriptive study. A demographic questionnaire, Temper's death anxiety scale, and Snyder's life expectancy scale were used to gather the data. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences softwear version 22 was used to conduct the data analysis. Results: The average age of the senior citizens was 66.60 (6.58) years. With a mean life expectancy of 24.94, it was discovered that the average death anxiety was 12.21. Additionally, Pearson's correlation coefficient demonstrated a bad correlation between fear of dying and life expectancy. Age, residential status, and death fear were the three primary predictors of a decline in life expectancy, according to multiple regression analysis. Conclusion: The findings suggest that there is a link between death fear and a lower life expectancy, which calls for the use of appropriate strategies to increase older individuals' life expectancies as well as the teaching of anxiety coping mechanisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aged" title="aged">aged</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frailty" title=" frailty"> frailty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=death" title=" death"> death</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title=" anxiety"> anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life" title=" life"> life</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164128/death-anxiety-and-life-expectancy-among-older-adults-in-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Altasreef: Automated System of Quran Verbs for Urdu Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haq%20Nawaz">Haq Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Amjad%20Iqbal"> Muhammad Amjad Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Malik"> Kamran Malik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> "Altasreef" is an automated system available for Web and Android users which provide facility to the users to learn the Quran verbs. It provides the facility to the users to practice the learned material and also provide facility of exams of Arabic verbs variation focusing on Quran text. Arabic is a highly inflectional language. Almost all of its words connect to roots of three, four or five letters which approach the meaning of all their inflectional forms. In Arabic, a verb is formed by inserting the consonants into one of a set of verb patterns. Suffixes and prefixes are then added to generate the meaning of number, person, and gender. The active/passive voice and perfective aspect and other patterns are than generated. This application is designed for learners of Quranic Arabic who already have learn basics of Arabic conjugation. Application also provides the facility of translation of generated patterns. These translations are generated with the help of rule-based approach to give 100% results to the learners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NLP" title="NLP">NLP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quran" title=" Quran"> Quran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Computational%20Linguistics" title=" Computational Linguistics"> Computational Linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E%20Learning" title=" E Learning"> E Learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127593/altasreef-automated-system-of-quran-verbs-for-urdu-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Li-Fi Technology: Data Transmission through Visible Light</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahzad%20Hassan">Shahzad Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Saeed"> Kamran Saeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> People are always in search of Wi-Fi hotspots because Internet is a major demand nowadays. But like all other technologies, there is still room for improvement in the Wi-Fi technology with regards to the speed and quality of connectivity. In order to address these aspects, Harald Haas, a professor at the University of Edinburgh, proposed what we know as the Li-Fi (Light Fidelity). Li-Fi is a new technology in the field of wireless communication to provide connectivity within a network environment. It is a two-way mode of wireless communication using light. Basically, the data is transmitted through Light Emitting Diodes which can vary the intensity of light very fast, even faster than the blink of an eye. From the research and experiments conducted so far, it can be said that Li-Fi can increase the speed and reliability of the transfer of data. This paper pays particular attention on the assessment of the performance of this technology. In other words, it is a 5G technology which uses LED as the medium of data transfer. For coverage within the buildings, Wi-Fi is good but Li-Fi can be considered favorable in situations where large amounts of data are to be transferred in areas with electromagnetic interferences. It brings a lot of data related qualities such as efficiency, security as well as large throughputs to the table of wireless communication. All in all, it can be said that Li-Fi is going to be a future phenomenon where the presence of light will mean access to the Internet as well as speedy data transfer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title="communication">communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LED" title=" LED"> LED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-Fi" title=" Li-Fi"> Li-Fi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wi-Fi" title=" Wi-Fi"> Wi-Fi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75851/li-fi-technology-data-transmission-through-visible-light" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> The Effect of Pre-Cracks on Structural Strength of the Nextel Fibers: A Multiscale Modeling Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Mohammad%20Mahdi%20Zamani">Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Zamani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Behdinan"> Kamran Behdinan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a multiscale framework is performed to model the strength of Nextel fibers in presence of an atomistic scale pre-crack at finite temperatures. The bridging cell method (BCM) is the multiscale technique applied in this study, which decomposes the system into the atomistic, bridging and continuum domains; solves the whole system in a finite element framework; and incorporates temperature dependent calculations. Since Nextel is known to be structurally stable and retain 70% of its initial strength up to 1100°C; simulations are conducted at both of the room temperatures, 25°C, and fire temperatures, 1200°C. Two cases are modeled for a pre-crack present in either phases of alumina or mullite of the Nextel structure. The materials’ response is studied with respect to deformation behavior and ultimate tensile strength. Results show different crack growth trends for the two cases, and as the temperature increases, the crack growth resistance and material’s strength decrease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nextel%20fibers" title="Nextel fibers">Nextel fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiscale%20modeling" title=" multiscale modeling"> multiscale modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-crack" title=" pre-crack"> pre-crack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultimate%20tensile%20strength" title=" ultimate tensile strength "> ultimate tensile strength </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36957/the-effect-of-pre-cracks-on-structural-strength-of-the-nextel-fibers-a-multiscale-modeling-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Measuring Text-Based Semantics Relatedness Using WordNet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madiha%20Khan">Madiha Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidrah%20Ramzan"> Sidrah Ramzan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seemab%20Khan"> Seemab Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahzad%20Hassan"> Shahzad Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Saeed"> Kamran Saeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Measuring semantic similarity between texts is calculating semantic relatedness between texts using various techniques. Our web application (Measuring Relatedness of Concepts-MRC) allows user to input two text corpuses and get semantic similarity percentage between both using WordNet. Our application goes through five stages for the computation of semantic relatedness. Those stages are: Preprocessing (extracts keywords from content), Feature Extraction (classification of words into Parts-of-Speech), Synonyms Extraction (retrieves synonyms against each keyword), Measuring Similarity (using keywords and synonyms, similarity is measured) and Visualization (graphical representation of similarity measure). Hence the user can measure similarity on basis of features as well. The end result is a percentage score and the word(s) which form the basis of similarity between both texts with use of different tools on same platform. In future work we look forward for a Web as a live corpus application that provides a simpler and user friendly tool to compare documents and extract useful information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graphviz%20representation" title="Graphviz representation">Graphviz representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20relatedness" title=" semantic relatedness"> semantic relatedness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=similarity%20measurement" title=" similarity measurement"> similarity measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WordNet%20similarity" title=" WordNet similarity"> WordNet similarity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95106/measuring-text-based-semantics-relatedness-using-wordnet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95106.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Achieving Supply Chain Competitiveness through Successful Buyer-Supplier Relationships</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Rashid">Kamran Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tashfeen%20M.%20Azhar"> Tashfeen M. Azhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asad-ur-Rahman%20Wahla"> Asad-ur-Rahman Wahla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current research aims to understand the role of successful buyer-supplier relationship in achieving supply chain competitiveness in a developing country perspective. Five hypotheses are developed to test structural model. Survey data is collected from the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. Analysis is conducted using Partial Least Squares (PLS) Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through Smart PLS version 2.0 M3. Results demonstrate positive impact of effective supplier selection, buyer-supplier engagement, and information sharing capability on success of buyer supplier relationship. This successful buyer supplier relationship drives the supply chain firm financial and market performance. Additional analyses with large sample sizes are required in other developing countries to cross validate the results. Current study provides empirical evidence of the role of successful buyer supplier relationship in achieving supply chain competitiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20management" title="supply chain management">supply chain management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=successful%20buyer-supplier%20relationship" title=" successful buyer-supplier relationship"> successful buyer-supplier relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20competitiveness" title=" supply chain competitiveness"> supply chain competitiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20country" title=" developing country"> developing country</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21129/achieving-supply-chain-competitiveness-through-successful-buyer-supplier-relationships" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">660</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Causality, Special Relativity and Non-existence of Material Particles of Zero Rest Mass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Saleem">Mohammad Saleem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mujahid%20Kamran"> Mujahid Kamran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is shown that causality, the principle that cause must precede effect, leads inter alia, to highly significant result that the velocity of a material particle cannot be even equal to that of light. Consequently, combined with special relativity, it leads to the conclusion that material particles of zero rest mass cannot exist in nature. Thus, causality, a principle without which nature would be incomprehensible, combined with special relativity, forbids the existence of material particles of zero rest mass. For instance, the neutrinos, as is now known, are material particles of non-zero rest mass. The situation changes when we consider the gauge particles. In fact, when the principle of causality was proposed, the concept of gauge particles had not yet been introduced. Now we know that photon, a gauge particle with zero rest mass does exist in nature. Therefore, principle of causality, as generally stated, is valid only for material particles. For gauge particles, in order to make the statement of causality consistent with experiment, it has to be modified: The cause should either precede or be simultaneous with the effect. Combined with special relativity, it allows gauge particles of zero rest mass. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causality" title="causality">causality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gauge%20particles" title=" gauge particles"> gauge particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20particles" title=" material particles"> material particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20relativity" title=" special relativity"> special relativity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31503/causality-special-relativity-and-non-existence-of-material-particles-of-zero-rest-mass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> 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