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Ciliaten - Wikipedia

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verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/24_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&amp;returnto=Ciliaten" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&amp;returnto=Ciliaten" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&amp;returnto=Ciliaten" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina&#039;s voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ecologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ecologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Taxonomie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ciliaten</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 65 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="هدبيات – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هدبيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="هدبيات – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هدبيات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nfuzorlar" title="İnfuzorlar – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İnfuzorlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Инфузориялар – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Инфузориялар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Інфузорыі – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інфузорыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Ресничести – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ресничести" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trepljari" title="Trepljari – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Trepljari" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Инфузоринууд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Инфузоринууд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliats" title="Ciliats – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciliats" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora_(uhong)" title="Ciliophora (uhong) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ciliophora (uhong)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%B5%DA%A9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کوڵکداران – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کوڵکداران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1levn%C3%ADci" title="Nálevníci – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nálevníci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliater" title="Ciliater – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ciliater" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimpertierchen" title="Wimpertierchen – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wimpertierchen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliate" title="Ciliate – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ciliate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliuloj" title="Ciliuloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ciliuloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciliophora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripsloomad" title="Ripsloomad – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ripsloomad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziliatu" title="Ziliatu – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ziliatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%98%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مژک‌داران – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مژک‌داران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripsiel%C3%A4imet" title="Ripsieläimet – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ripsieläimet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ciliophora" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabhr%C3%A1nach" title="Fabhránach – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fabhránach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cili%C3%B3foros" title="Cilióforos – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cilióforos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ריסנית – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריסנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trepetljika%C5%A1i" title="Trepetljikaši – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Trepetljikaši" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csill%C3%B3sok" title="Csillósok – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csillósok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ինֆուզորիաներ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ինֆուզորիաներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ciliophora" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliata" title="Ciliata – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ciliata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Инфузореш – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Инфузореш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ciliophora" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B9%8A%E6%AF%9B%E8%99%AB" title="繊毛虫 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="繊毛虫" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliata" title="Ciliata – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ciliata" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infuzoriyalar" title="Infuzoriyalar – Karakalpaks" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Infuzoriyalar" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Инфузориялар – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Инфузориялар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%AC%EB%AA%A8%EC%B6%A9%EB%A5%98" title="섬모충류 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="섬모충류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Инфузориялар – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Инфузориялар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliata" title="Siliata – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Siliata" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ciliophora" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flimmerdyr" title="Flimmerdyr – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Flimmerdyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flimmerdyr" title="Flimmerdyr – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Flimmerdyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripsiel%C3%A4tit" title="Ripsielätit – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ripsielätit" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orz%C4%99ski" title="Orzęski – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Orzęski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ciliophora" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliofore" title="Ciliofore – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ciliofore" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Инфузории – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инфузории" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trepljari" title="Trepljari – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Trepljari" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliate" title="Ciliate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ciliate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1levn%C3%ADky" title="Nálevníky – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nálevníky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Трепљари – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Трепљари" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliata" title="Ciliata – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ciliata" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliater" title="Ciliater – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ciliater" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE" title="సీలియేటా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సీలియేటా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мижакдорон – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мижакдорон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95" title="ซิลิเอต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซิลิเอต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silliler" title="Silliler – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Silliler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Инфузорияләр – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Инфузорияләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96" title="Війчасті – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Війчасті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infuzoriyalar" title="Infuzoriyalar – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Infuzoriyalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%B9ng_l%C3%B4ng" title="Trùng lông – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trùng lông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ciliophora" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E6%AF%9B%E8%99%AB" title="纤毛虫 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="纤毛虫" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E6%AF%9B%E8%99%AB" title="纤毛虫 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="纤毛虫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%96%E6%AF%9B%E8%9F%B2" title="纖毛蟲 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="纖毛蟲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q106345#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ciliaten" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overleg:Ciliaten&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Overleg over deze pagina (de pagina bestaat niet) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergaven"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ciliaten"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciliaten&amp;veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciliaten&amp;action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciliaten&amp;action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ciliaten"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciliaten&amp;veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciliaten&amp;action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciliaten&amp;action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Ciliaten" title="Lijst met alle pagina&#039;s die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Ciliaten" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina&#039;s waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina&#039;s [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciliaten&amp;oldid=65430295" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciliaten&amp;action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&amp;page=Ciliaten&amp;id=65430295&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCiliaten"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCiliaten"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Ciliaten"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Ciliaten&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciliaten&amp;printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ciliata" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q106345" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:khaki; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><big>Ciliaten</big> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Ciliate_collage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ciliate_collage.jpg/266px-Ciliate_collage.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ciliate_collage.jpg/399px-Ciliate_collage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ciliate_collage.jpg/532px-Ciliate_collage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3300" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0; font-size:85%">Verschillende soorten ciliaten </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: khaki; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomie_(biologie)" title="Taxonomie (biologie)">Taxonomische indeling</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table style="margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Domein_(biologie)" title="Domein (biologie)">Domein</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">Eukaryoten</a></td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">Clade</a></i>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/SAR-clade" title="SAR-clade">SAR-clade</a></td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">Clade</a></i>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Alveolata" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolata">Alveolata</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: khaki; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Stam_(biologie)" title="Stam (biologie)">Stam</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center"><b>Ciliophora</b><br /><small>Doflein</small><small>, 1901</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: khaki; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;" colspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2"><small><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ciliophora" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ciliophora">Afbeeldingen</a> op</small> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <small><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2"><small><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Ciliophora">Ciliaten</a> op</small> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/15px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/23px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/30px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> <small><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <small> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=11">World Register of Marine Species</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: khaki; color:inherit;" colspan="2"> <table style="margin:0 auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>&#160; <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> &#160; </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Biologie" title="Portaal:Biologie">Biologie</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ciliaten</b> of <b>trilhaardiertjes</b> (Ciliophora) zijn een groep van eencellige <a href="/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">eukaryoten</a>. Bij alle ciliaten komen in ten minste één stadium van hun <a href="/wiki/Levenscyclus" title="Levenscyclus">levenscyclus</a> <a href="/wiki/Trilhaar" title="Trilhaar">cilia (trilharen)</a> voor, waarmee ze zich voortbewegen. De morfologie kan complex zijn. </p><p>Alle soorten hebben twee <a href="/wiki/Celkern" title="Celkern">celkernen</a>: een macronucleus en een micronucleus, waardoor ze zich van andere groepen protisten onderscheiden. De <a href="/wiki/Diplo%C3%AFdie" title="Diploïdie">diploïde</a> micronucleus bevat <a href="/wiki/Chromosoom" title="Chromosoom">chromosomen</a> en dient voor de voortplanting; de <a href="/wiki/Polyplo%C3%AFdie" title="Polyploïdie">polyploïde</a> macronucleus bevat het <a href="/wiki/Genoom" title="Genoom">genetisch materiaal</a> dat verantwoordelijk is voor alle andere celfuncties. </p><p>Ciliaten zijn een algemeen voorkomende groep <a href="/wiki/Protisten" title="Protisten">protisten</a>, die in vrijwel alle waterige omgevingen op aarde te vinden zijn: in zee, zoet water en vochtige bodems. Er zijn ongeveer 4.500 vrijlevende soorten beschreven, het werkelijke aantal soorten wordt geschat op 27.000 à 40.000. Inbegrepen in dit aantal zijn verschillende ectosymbiotische en <a href="/wiki/Endosymbiose" title="Endosymbiose">endosymbiotische</a> soorten, evenals enkele opportunistische <a href="/wiki/Parasiet" title="Parasiet">parasieten</a>. Ciliaten variëren in grootte van 10&#160;µm tot 4&#160;mm. </p><p>Moleculair-genetisch onderzoek heeft aangetoond dat de ciliaten tot de <a href="/wiki/Alveolata" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolata">Alveolata</a> behoren. In de meeste literatuur worden ciliaten als stam (fylum) beschreven, maar in de moderne systematiek vormen de ciliaten een groep zonder rang. Heel bekend zijn de <a href="/wiki/Pantoffeldiertjes" title="Pantoffeldiertjes">pantoffeldiertjes</a> (<i>Paramecium</i>), die in genetisch onderzoek wereldwijd veel als <a href="/wiki/Modelorganisme" title="Modelorganisme">modelorganisme</a> gebruikt worden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecologie">Ecologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciliaten&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ecologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciliaten&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ecologie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ciliaten zijn <a href="/wiki/Heterotroof" title="Heterotroof">heterotrofe</a>, meestal <a href="/wiki/Fagotroof" title="Fagotroof">fagotrofe</a> organismen die zich voeden met bacteriën, eencellige algen en detritus. Sommige soorten zijn vastzittend, zoals de soorten uit de orde Suctoria. Ook zijn er verschillende parasitaire soorten beschreven, de meeste ervan komen voor in <a href="/wiki/Vissen_(dieren)" title="Vissen (dieren)">vissen</a>. De soort <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i> is bijvoorbeeld bij aquariumhouders bekend als veroorzaker van <a href="/wiki/Witte_stip" title="Witte stip">witte stip</a>. Andere zijn <a href="/wiki/Commensalisme" title="Commensalisme">commensalen</a> in de darm van <a href="/wiki/Ringwormen" title="Ringwormen">ringwormen</a>, of levend in de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuticula_(geleedpotigen)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuticula (geleedpotigen) (de pagina bestaat niet)">cuticula</a> van kreeftachtigen. Zelden parasiteren ciliaten op zoogdieren en de mens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomie">Taxonomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciliaten&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Taxonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciliaten&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Taxonomie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56498116">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{margin:0;padding:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:20px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li.lastline{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul{margin-left:-1px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> Stam Ciliophora <ul><li>Klasse <a href="/wiki/Karyorelictea" title="Karyorelictea">Karyorelictea</a></li> <li>Klasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterotrichea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Heterotrichea (de pagina bestaat niet)">Heterotrichea</a> (bijvoorbeeld <i><a href="/wiki/Stentor_(biologie)" title="Stentor (biologie)">Stentor</a></i>)</li> <li>Klasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirotrichea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Spirotrichea (de pagina bestaat niet)">Spirotrichea</a> <ul><li>Subklasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Choreotrichia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Choreotrichia (de pagina bestaat niet)">Choreotrichia</a> (bijvoorbeeld <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tintinnidium&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tintinnidium (de pagina bestaat niet)">Tintinnidium</a></i>)</li> <li>Subklasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligotrichia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligotrichia (de pagina bestaat niet)">Oligotrichia</a> (bijvoorbeeld <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halteria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Halteria (de pagina bestaat niet)">Halteria</a></i>)</li> <li>Subklasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stichotrichia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stichotrichia (de pagina bestaat niet)">Stichotrichia</a> (bijvoorbeeld <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stylonychia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stylonychia (de pagina bestaat niet)">Stylonychia</a></i>)</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> Subklasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypotrichia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypotrichia (de pagina bestaat niet)">Hypotrichia</a> (bijvoorbeeld <i><a href="/wiki/Euplotes" title="Euplotes">Euplotes</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li>Klasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litostomatea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Litostomatea (de pagina bestaat niet)">Litostomatea</a> <ul><li>Subklasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haptoria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Haptoria (de pagina bestaat niet)">Haptoria</a> (bijvoorbeeld <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Didinium&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Didinium (de pagina bestaat niet)">Didinium</a></i>)</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> Subklasse <a href="/wiki/Trichostomatia" title="Trichostomatia">Trichostomatia</a> (bijvoorbeeld <i><a href="/wiki/Balantidium" title="Balantidium">Balantidium</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li>Klasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyllopharyngea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyllopharyngea (de pagina bestaat niet)">Phyllopharyngea</a> <ul><li>Subklasse: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyllopharyngia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyllopharyngia (de pagina bestaat niet)">Phyllopharyngia</a></li> <li>Subklasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhynchodia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhynchodia (de pagina bestaat niet)">Rhynchodia</a></li> <li>Subklasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chonotrich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chonotrich (de pagina bestaat niet)">Chonotrichia</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> Subklasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suctoria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Suctoria (de pagina bestaat niet)">Suctoria</a> (bijvoorbeeld <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podophrya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Podophrya (de pagina bestaat niet)">Podophrya</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li>Klasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nassophorea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nassophorea (de pagina bestaat niet)">Nassophorea</a></li> <li>Klasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colpodea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Colpodea (de pagina bestaat niet)">Colpodea</a> (bijvoorbeeld <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colpoda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Colpoda (de pagina bestaat niet)">Colpoda</a></i>)</li> <li>Klasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostomatea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Prostomatea (de pagina bestaat niet)">Prostomatea</a> (bijvoorbeeld <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coleps&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coleps (de pagina bestaat niet)">Coleps</a></i>)</li> <li>Klasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligohymenophorea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligohymenophorea (de pagina bestaat niet)">Oligohymenophorea</a> <ul><li>Subklasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peniculia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peniculia (de pagina bestaat niet)">Peniculia</a> (bijvoorbeeld <i><a href="/wiki/Pantoffeldiertjes" title="Pantoffeldiertjes">Pantoffeldiertjes</a></i>)</li> <li>Subklasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hymenostomatia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hymenostomatia (de pagina bestaat niet)">Hymenostomatia</a> (bijvoorbeeld <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrahymena&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrahymena (de pagina bestaat niet)">Tetrahymena</a></i>)</li> <li>Subklasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scuticociliatia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Scuticociliatia (de pagina bestaat niet)">Scuticociliatia</a></li> <li>Subklasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peritrichia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peritrichia (de pagina bestaat niet)">Peritrichia</a> (bijvoorbeeld <i><a href="/wiki/Vorticella" class="mw-redirect" title="Vorticella">Vorticella</a></i>)</li> <li>Subklasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astromatia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Astromatia (de pagina bestaat niet)">Astromatia</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> Subklasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostomatia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Apostomatia (de pagina bestaat niet)">Apostomatia</a></li></ul></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> Klasse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plagiopylea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Plagiopylea (de pagina bestaat niet)">Plagiopylea</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="interProject wikispecies mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" class="extiw" title="species:Ciliophora">Wikispecies</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/25px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/38px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/50px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> heeft een pagina over <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" class="extiw" title="species:Ciliophora">Ciliophora</a></b></i>.</div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ciliophora#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ciliophora">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ciliophora#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ciliophora">Ciliophora</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7c479b968‐g79cf Cached time: 20241117113309 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.110 seconds Real time usage: 0.205 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 753/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 7864/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1117/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1030/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.032/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1876453/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 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