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href="/partners/topoi-worldwide/">Topoi worldwide</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> </nav> <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"> // if current page has no associated menu entry, select first ("Home") if( jQuery("nav#access li.current-menu-item").length == 0) jQuery("nav#access > div > ul > li").first().addClass("current-menu-item") </script> </hgroup> </div> <div id="page" class="hfeed"> <hgroup> <div class="main full-with"> <div id="primary"> <hgroup> <div id="content" role="main"> <article id="post-33653" class="post-33653 feature type-feature status-publish hentry"> <div class="entry-content"> <div style="width: 650px; margin-left: 150px;"> <h1>Innovationen</h1> <h1>Das Wollschaf</h1> <h3>Hauptfigur einer Revolution</h3> <p><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Schafherde_Foto-Benecke.jpg" rel="attachment wp-att-33654"><img class="alignleft wp-image-33654" src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Schafherde_Foto-Benecke.jpg" alt="Schaf- und Ziegenherde in Humayma/Jordanien| Foto: N. Benecke" width="650" height="227" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Schafherde_Foto-Benecke.jpg 1500w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Schafherde_Foto-Benecke-300x105.jpg 300w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Schafherde_Foto-Benecke-768x269.jpg 768w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Schafherde_Foto-Benecke-1024x358.jpg 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Schafherde_Foto-Benecke-200x70.jpg 200w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Schafherde_Foto-Benecke-400x140.jpg 400w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Schafherde_Foto-Benecke-840x294.jpg 840w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Schafherde_Foto-Benecke-720x252.jpg 720w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Schafherde_Foto-Benecke-275x96.jpg 275w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Schafherde_Foto-Benecke-1000x350.jpg 1000w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Schafherde_Foto-Benecke-280x98.jpg 280w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Schafherde_Foto-Benecke-571x200.jpg 571w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Schafherde_Foto-Benecke-187x65.jpg 187w" sizes="(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px" /></a></p> <p> </p> <p>Eisen, Rad und Wagen … derlei Dinge klingen handfest und schwergewichtig im Kreise der Innovationen der Menschheitsgeschichte. Aber wenn Archäologen anfangen, von Innovationen zu reden, kommen sie irgendwann zum Wollschaf. Das Wollschaf … ?</p> <p>Auf einem von Industrie geprägten und mit Technik amalgamierten Kontinent stellt man sich unter Innovationen natürlich etwas anderes vor, zumindet etwas Metallisches, aus Kunststoff Gefertigtes oder seit einigen Jahrzehnten am besten etwas ganz Körperloses, virtuell und wolkig.</p> <blockquote><p>… die Züchtung des Wollschafes war nicht nur eine ungeheure Innovation, sondern auch die Grundlage einer technologischen Revolution <cite> Wolfram Schier </cite></p></blockquote> <p>Tatsächlich kam das Wollschaf mit Rad und Wagen, mit der Domestizierung des Pferdes, mit den Kupferlegierungen und den Waffen mit langen Klingen, mit zahllosen anderen technischen und sozialen Neuerungen, die Grundlage dessen sind, was wir heute noch tun, denken und benutzen – ohne auch nur einen Gedanken daran zu verschwenden.</p> <p>Wer denkt schon noch – außerhalb des Konzepts Mode – über Kleidung nach? Doch vom Wollschaf zu einem Kleidungsstück zu kommen, ver-langt einen enorme Denkleistung. Fäden zu spinnen, zu einer Fläche zu weben und das zweidimensionale Tuch auf einen dreidimensionalen – menschlichen – Körper zu übertragen, erfordert mathematische Kenntnisse und ein hohes Abstraktionsvermögen.</p> <div id="attachment_33655" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 297px"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Map_Wollschaf_Kuechelmann.jpg" rel="attachment wp-att-33655"><img class=" wp-image-33655" src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Map_Wollschaf_Kuechelmann.jpg" alt="Map of southeastern European sites (n = 234) with major bone assemblages; time frame: 7.000-1.500 BCE (source: H. C. Küchelmann 2014)" width="297" height="261" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Map_Wollschaf_Kuechelmann.jpg 725w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Map_Wollschaf_Kuechelmann-300x264.jpg 300w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Map_Wollschaf_Kuechelmann-200x176.jpg 200w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Map_Wollschaf_Kuechelmann-227x200.jpg 227w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Map_Wollschaf_Kuechelmann-568x500.jpg 568w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Map_Wollschaf_Kuechelmann-193x170.jpg 193w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Map_Wollschaf_Kuechelmann-280x246.jpg 280w, /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Map_Wollschaf_Kuechelmann-187x165.jpg 187w" sizes="(max-width: 297px) 100vw, 297px" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Archäologische Fundstellen mit größeren Ansammlungen von Schafsknochen; Südosteuropa, 7.000-1.500 BCE | Autor: H. C. Küchelmann 2014</p></div> <p>“In Europa hat sich die Wollnutzung des Schafes spätestens im Übergang zur Bronzezeit endgültig durchgesetzt, vorderasiatische Bildzeugnisse aus Mesopotamien weisen gar auf das 4. vorchristliche Jahrtausend”, erklärt <a href="/person/schier-wolfram/">Wolfram Schier</a>, Sprecher der Forschungsgruppe <a href="/group/a-4/">(A-4) Textile Revolution</a>. Da hatte das ursprüngliche Wildschaf schon eine lange Züchtungsgeschichte hinter sich, bevor es zu einer der bahnbrechenden Innovationen der Menschheitsgechichte wurde. Schafe hält der Mensch seit über 10 000 Jahren, die Forschergruppe befasst sich unter verschiedenen Aspekten mit dem alt eingesessenen Haustier. “Wir wollen eine ökonomische Innovation von großer Reichweite während des Spät-Neolithikums oder der Kupferzeit von einer breiteren disziplinären Perspektive aus betrachten.” Denn natürlich war das Wollschaf die Basis für eine schnell wachsende Textilproduktion. “Das heißt, die Züchtung des Wollschafes war nicht nur eine ungeheure Innovation, sondern auch die Grundlage einer technologischen Revolution”, sagt Schier. Wärmere, besser sitzende Kleidung wurde möglich, die man anders als Felle gut färben und mit Mustern versehen konnte, so dass auch sozialer Status oder Her-kunft anhand von Kleidung dargestellt werden konnte.</p> <p>Die Forschungsgruppe durchforstet archäologische Quellen, um die Nutzung des Wollschafes in Europa und im Vorderen Orient zwischen dem 5. und dem 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr zu untersuchen. Da die Wolle selbst nach so langer Zeit verwittert, müssen die Wissenschaftler sich anderer Methoden bedienen, um zu den gewünschten Ergebnissen zu kommen. In einem ersten Schritt will man die archäozoologischen Daten relevanter Publikationen sichten und evaluieren und schließlich in räumlicher und zeitlicher Perspektive miteinander vergleichen.</p> <p style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #999999;">Text: Susanne Weiss</span></p> <div style="width: 610px; float: left; padding: 20px; margin-top: 40px; background-color: #f0f0f0;"> <p><strong>MEHR ZUM THEMA</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Raumwissen2_2013.pdf"><img class="alignleft wp-image-22339" src="/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/raumwissen12_2_2013.png" alt="" width="75" height="75" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/raumwissen12_2_2013.png 166w, /wp-content/uploads/2011/01/raumwissen12_2_2013-55x55.png 55w" sizes="(max-width: 75px) 100vw, 75px" /></a></p> <p>Dieser Artikel ist erschienen im Topoi Magazin RAUMWISSEN, Ausgabe 12<br /> <a href="/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Raumwissen2_2013.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">→ Raumwissen Ausgabe 12 online lesen [PDF | 1.8 MB]</a></p> <p> </p> <hr /> <p> </p> <p>Lesen Sie weitere Artikel in unserer Rubrik <a href="/features/">TOPOI FEATURE </a></p> <hr /> <p> </p> <p>Topoi Forschungsgruppe <a href="/group/a-4/">(A-4) Textile Revolution</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </hgroup> </div> </div> </hgroup> </div> <footer id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div style="width:1000px; margin: 10px auto"> <nav id="access-footer" role="navigation"> <h3 class="assistive-text">Footer menu</h3> <div class="menu-footer-menu-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-14174" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14174"><a href="/home/impressum/">Impressum</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> <div style="text-align: right;">There will be no updates to this website after October 31, 2019, as the Excellence Cluster comes to an end on that date.</div> </div> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> function showhide_toggle(type, post_id, show_text, hide_text) { var $link = jQuery("#"+ type + "-link-" + post_id) , $link_a = jQuery('a', $link) , $content = jQuery("#"+ type + "-content-" + post_id) , $toggle = jQuery("#"+ type + "-toggle-" + post_id) , show_hide_class = 'sh-show sh-hide'; $link.toggleClass(show_hide_class); $content.toggleClass(show_hide_class).toggle(); if($link_a.attr('aria-expanded') === 'true') { $link_a.attr('aria-expanded', 'false'); } else { $link_a.attr('aria-expanded', 'true'); } if($toggle.text() === show_text) { $toggle.text(hide_text); } else { $toggle.text(show_text); } } </script> </body> </html>