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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Telescopio spaziale Spitzer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 61 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer-ruimteteleskoop" title="Spitzer-ruimteteleskoop - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Spitzer-ruimteteleskoop" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="مقراب سبيتزر الفضائي - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقراب سبيتزر الفضائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopiu_espacial_Spitzer" title="Telescopiu espacial Spitzer - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Telescopiu espacial Spitzer" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer_kosmik_teleskopu" title="Spitzer kosmik teleskopu - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Spitzer kosmik teleskopu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8A%D1%80_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF)" title="Спицър (космически телескоп) - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Спицър (космически телескоп)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svemirski_teleskop_Spitzer" title="Svemirski teleskop Spitzer - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Svemirski teleskop Spitzer" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopi_espacial_Spitzer" title="Telescopi espacial Spitzer - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Telescopi espacial Spitzer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2%DB%95%D8%B1" title="تەلیسکۆبی بۆشایی سپیتزەر - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەلیسکۆبی بۆشایی سپیتزەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer%C5%AFv_vesm%C3%ADrn%C3%BD_dalekohled" title="Spitzerův vesmírný dalekohled - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Spitzerův vesmírný dalekohled" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzerteleskopet" title="Spitzerteleskopet - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Spitzerteleskopet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer-Weltraumteleskop" title="Spitzer-Weltraumteleskop - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spitzer-Weltraumteleskop" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer_%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A3%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="Spitzer བར་སྣང་རྒྱང་ཤེལ། - dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="Spitzer བར་སྣང་རྒྱང་ཤེལ།" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Διαστημικό τηλεσκόπιο Σπίτζερ - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαστημικό τηλεσκόπιο Σπίτζερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Spitzer Space Telescope" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmoteleskopo_Spitzer" title="Kosmoteleskopo Spitzer - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kosmoteleskopo Spitzer" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopio_espacial_Spitzer" title="Telescopio espacial Spitzer - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Telescopio espacial Spitzer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzeri_kosmoseteleskoop" title="Spitzeri kosmoseteleskoop - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Spitzeri kosmoseteleskoop" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer_espazio_teleskopioa" title="Spitzer espazio teleskopioa - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Spitzer espazio teleskopioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="تلسکوپ فضایی اسپیتزر - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تلسکوپ فضایی اسپیتزر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer" title="Spitzer - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Spitzer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Spitzer (télescope spatial) - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Spitzer (télescope spatial)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopio_Espacial_Spitzer" title="Telescopio Espacial Spitzer - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Telescopio Espacial Spitzer" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9C_%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A8" title="טלסקופ החלל שפיצר - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טלסקופ החלל שפיצר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80" title="स्पित्ज़र अंतरिक्ष दूरदर्शी - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्पित्ज़र अंतरिक्ष दूरदर्शी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svemirski_teleskop_Spitzer" title="Svemirski teleskop Spitzer - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Svemirski teleskop Spitzer" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer_(telesk%C3%B2p_espasyal)" title="Spitzer (teleskòp espasyal) - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Spitzer (teleskòp espasyal)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer_%C5%B1rt%C3%A1vcs%C5%91" title="Spitzer űrtávcső - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Spitzer űrtávcső" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop_Ruang_Angkasa_Spitzer" title="Teleskop Ruang Angkasa Spitzer - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teleskop Ruang Angkasa Spitzer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Spitzer Space Telescope" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%83%84%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="スピッツァー宇宙望遠鏡 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スピッツァー宇宙望遠鏡" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%BC%EC%B2%98_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A7%9D%EC%9B%90%EA%B2%BD" title="스피처 우주망원경 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스피처 우주망원경" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskopa_Fezay%C3%AA_ya_Spitzer" title="Teleskopa Fezayê ya Spitzer - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Teleskopa Fezayê ya Spitzer" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer-Weltraumteleskop" title="Spitzer-Weltraumteleskop - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Spitzer-Weltraumteleskop" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer_kosminis_teleskopas" title="Spitzer kosminis teleskopas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Spitzer kosminis teleskopas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spicera_kosmiskais_teleskops" title="Spicera kosmiskais teleskops - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Spicera kosmiskais teleskops" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="സ്പിറ്റ്സർ ബഹിരാകാശ ദൂരദർശിനി - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്പിറ്റ്സർ ബഹിരാകാശ ദൂരദർശിനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Сансрын спицэр телескоп - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сансрын спицэр телескоп" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A3" title="स्पिट्झर अवकाश दुर्बीण - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्पिट्झर अवकाश दुर्बीण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop_Angkasa_Spitzer" title="Teleskop Angkasa Spitzer - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Teleskop Angkasa Spitzer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%87%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E_%E1%80%90%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="စပိတ်ဇာ အာကာသ တယ်လီစကုပ် - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စပိတ်ဇာ အာကာသ တယ်လီစကုပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spitzer Space Telescope" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Spitzer Space Telescope" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer-teleskopet" title="Spitzer-teleskopet - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spitzer-teleskopet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B2pi_espaciau_Spitzer" title="Telescòpi espaciau Spitzer - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Telescòpi espaciau Spitzer" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸਪਿਟਜ਼ਰ ਪੁਲਾੜ ਦੂਰਬੀਨ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਪਿਟਜ਼ਰ ਪੁਲਾੜ ਦੂਰਬੀਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmiczny_Teleskop_Spitzera" title="Kosmiczny Teleskop Spitzera - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kosmiczny Teleskop Spitzera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%B9%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سپٹزر خلائی دوربین - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سپٹزر خلائی دوربین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio_espacial_Spitzer" title="Telescópio espacial Spitzer - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Telescópio espacial Spitzer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopul_spa%C8%9Bial_Spitzer" title="Telescopul spațial Spitzer - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Telescopul spațial Spitzer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF)" title="Спитцер (космический телескоп) - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спитцер (космический телескоп)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svemirski_teleskop_Spitzer" title="Svemirski teleskop Spitzer - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Svemirski teleskop Spitzer" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Spitzer Space Telescope" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzerov_vesm%C3%ADrny_%C4%8Falekoh%C4%BEad" title="Spitzerov vesmírny ďalekohľad - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Spitzerov vesmírny ďalekohľad" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svemirski_teleskop_Spicer" title="Svemirski teleskop Spicer - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Svemirski teleskop Spicer" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzerteleskopet" title="Spitzerteleskopet - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spitzerteleskopet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="กล้องโทรทรรศน์อวกาศสปิตเซอร์ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กล้องโทรทรรศน์อวกาศสปิตเซอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer_Uzay_Teleskobu" title="Spitzer Uzay Teleskobu - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Spitzer Uzay Teleskobu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%82%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF)" title="Спітцер (космічний телескоп) - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спітцер (космічний телескоп)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnh_vi%E1%BB%85n_v%E1%BB%8Dng_kh%C3%B4ng_gian_Spitzer" title="Kính viễn vọng không gian Spitzer - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kính viễn vọng không gian Spitzer" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%8C%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="史匹哲太空望遠鏡 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="史匹哲太空望遠鏡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%8C%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="史匹哲太空望遠鏡 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="史匹哲太空望遠鏡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q201953#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#ddf; color:#000;">Emblema missione</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA-SpitzerTelescope-Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/NASA-SpitzerTelescope-Logo.svg/210px-NASA-SpitzerTelescope-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/NASA-SpitzerTelescope-Logo.svg/315px-NASA-SpitzerTelescope-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/NASA-SpitzerTelescope-Logo.svg/420px-NASA-SpitzerTelescope-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="271" /></a></span> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#ddf; color:#000;">Immagine del veicolo</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitzer_space_telescope.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Spitzer_space_telescope.jpg/260px-Spitzer_space_telescope.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Spitzer_space_telescope.jpg/390px-Spitzer_space_telescope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Spitzer_space_telescope.jpg/520px-Spitzer_space_telescope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Rappresentazione grafica del telescopio spaziale Spitzer </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#ddf; color:#000;">Dati della missione</th></tr><tr><th style="width:23%">Operatore</th><td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stati Uniti (bandiera)"><img alt="Stati Uniti (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">JPL</a><br /><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">Caltech</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:23%"><a href="/wiki/Numero_di_catalogazione_internazionale_degli_oggetti_spaziali" title="Numero di catalogazione internazionale degli oggetti spaziali">NSSDC ID</a></th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2003-038A">2003-038A</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:23%"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SCN</a></th><td>27871 </td></tr><tr><th style="width:23%">Destinazione</th><td><a href="/wiki/Orbita_eliocentrica" title="Orbita eliocentrica">Orbita eliocentrica</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:23%">Esito</th><td>lanciato </td></tr><tr><th style="width:23%"><a href="/wiki/Vettore_spaziale" title="Vettore spaziale">Vettore</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:23%">Lancio</th><td>25 agosto 2003 </td></tr><tr><th style="width:23%">Luogo lancio</th><td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stati Uniti (bandiera)"><img alt="Stati Uniti (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Space_Center" title="John F. Kennedy Space Center">Cape Canaveral</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:23%">Fine operatività</th><td>30 gennaio 2020 </td></tr><tr><th style="width:23%">Durata</th><td>2,5-5 anni (programmata)<br /> quasi 17 anni (effettiva) </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#ddf; color:#000;">Proprietà del veicolo spaziale</th></tr><tr><th style="width:23%"><a href="/wiki/Potenza_(fisica)" title="Potenza (fisica)">Potenza</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002427000000000000♠"></span>427 W</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:23%">Costruttore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Corporation" title="Lockheed Corporation">Lockheed</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ball_Aerospace_%26_Technologies" title="Ball Aerospace & Technologies">Ball Aerospace</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:23%"><a href="/wiki/Carico_utile_(astronautica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carico utile (astronautica)">Carico</a></th><td>851,5 kg (1 877 lb) </td></tr><tr><th style="width:23%">Strumentazione</th><td>telescopio <a href="/wiki/Ritchey-Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Ritchey-Chrétien">Ritchey-Chrétien</a> 85 cm. </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#ddf; color:#000;">Parametri orbitali</th></tr><tr><th style="width:23%">Orbita</th><td><a href="/wiki/Orbita_halo" title="Orbita halo">orbita halo</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:23%"><a href="/wiki/Periodo_di_rivoluzione" title="Periodo di rivoluzione">Periodo</a></th><td>6 mesi </td></tr><tr><th style="width:23%"><a href="/wiki/Inclinazione_orbitale" title="Inclinazione orbitale">Inclinazione</a></th><td>1,1338<a href="/wiki/Grado_d%27arco" title="Grado d'arco">°</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:23%"><a href="/wiki/Eccentricit%C3%A0_orbitale" title="Eccentricità orbitale">Eccentricità</a></th><td>0.011323 </td></tr><tr><th style="width:23%">Semiasse maggiore</th><td>1,0143 AU, ua e au </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#ddf; color:#000;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/">Sito ufficiale</a></th></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#ddf; color:#000;"><a href="/wiki/Grandi_Osservatori_della_NASA" title="Grandi Osservatori della NASA">Grandi Osservatori della NASA</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><table style="text-align: center; width: 100%; background: none;"><tbody><tr><th style="width: 50%; text-align:center">Missione precedente</th><th style="text-align:center">Missione successiva</th></tr><tr><td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory" title="Chandra X-ray Observatory">Osservatorio Chandra</a></td><td style="border:0"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201953" class="extiw" title="d:Q201953"><span title="Modifica i dati della voce Telescopio spaziale Spitzer su Wikidata">Modifica dati su Wikidata</span></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Missione_spaziale/man" title="Template:Missione spaziale/man"><span title="Manuale del template Missione spaziale">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Il <b>telescopio spaziale Spitzer</b> (Spitzer Space Telescope o <b>SST</b>, chiamato, precedentemente, Space <a href="/wiki/Infrared_Telescope_Facility" title="Infrared Telescope Facility">Infrared Telescope Facility</a> o SIRTF), fu un <a href="/wiki/Telescopio_spaziale" title="Telescopio spaziale">telescopio spaziale</a> che osservava nell'<a href="/wiki/Infrarosso" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrarosso">infrarosso</a>. Costruito dalla <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>, dal <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> e dal <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a>, e lanciato il 25 agosto <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>, questo <a href="/wiki/Telescopio" title="Telescopio">telescopio</a> spaziale, costato 670 milioni di dollari statunitensi, fu il quarto del progetto <a href="/wiki/Grandi_Osservatori_della_NASA" title="Grandi Osservatori della NASA">Grandi Osservatori della NASA</a><sup id="cite_ref-Spaceflight_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spaceflight-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La sua missione è finita il 30 gennaio 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20200130_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20200130-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il telescopio è stato rinominato il 18 dicembre 2003 dopo che le prime osservazioni avevano dimostrato la sua efficienza; dopo un concorso internazionale a cui hanno partecipato oltre 7 000 saggi, il nome scelto è stato quello di <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Spitzer" title="Lyman Spitzer">Lyman Spitzer</a>, uno dei più influenti <a href="/wiki/Astrofisico" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrofisico">astrofisici</a> del <a href="/wiki/XX_secolo" title="XX secolo">XX secolo</a>, il primo a proporre la costruzione di un telescopio nello <a href="/wiki/Spazio_(astronomia)" title="Spazio (astronomia)">spazio</a><sup id="cite_ref-NASA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Il periodo di durata della missione era 2,5 anni, almeno fino a quando non si fosse esaurito l'<a href="/wiki/Elio" title="Elio">elio</a>, liquido che serviva per raffreddare il telescopio e necessario a mantenere basse le temperature della maggioranza degli strumenti. L'efficienza del telescopio ha fatto durare la missione principale molto di più, ovvero 5 anni e mezzo, fino a quando nel 2009 non si esaurì l'elio. Alcuni strumenti divennero inutilizzabili, tuttavia, i due moduli a lunghezza d'onda corta della camera IRAC sono rimasti sensibili come prima dell'esaurimento dell'elio, e il telescopio da quel momento è utilizzato per la missione denominata Spitzer Warm Mission<sup id="cite_ref-NASA2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La strumentazione è stata riconfigurata per continuare le osservazioni "a caldo", e gli strumenti, che operano comunque a meno di <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001300000000000000♠"></span>30 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a></span>, permettono ancora buone osservazioni nel vicino infrarosso, ovvero lunghezza d’onda da <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6993700000000000000♠"></span>0,7 a 10 μm</span>. </p><p>Ad agosto 2016 la NASA ha prolungato la sua missione, definita "beyond", a partire da Ottobre 2016 per altri 2 anni e mezzo<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> estendendola sino al lancio del <a href="/wiki/Telescopio_spaziale_James_Webb" title="Telescopio spaziale James Webb">telescopio spaziale James Webb</a>. Ad ottobre 2017 la NASA ha inoltrato una richiesta pubblica di informazioni<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> per valutare l'affidamento scientifico dell'osservatorio a istituti privati statunitensi successivamente alla cessazione del supporto finanziario.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrizione_tecnica">Descrizione tecnica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescopio_spaziale_Spitzer&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Descrizione tecnica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescopio_spaziale_Spitzer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Descrizione tecnica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il telescopio ha uno <a href="/wiki/Specchio_primario" title="Specchio primario">specchio primario</a> di 85 cm di diametro, raffreddato a 5,5 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a>, temperatura necessaria per abbattere la sua stessa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emissione_termica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emissione termica (la pagina non esiste)">emissione termica</a>, che andrebbe a sovrapporsi alla radiazione infrarossa che si vuole osservare. La <a href="/wiki/Radiazione_infrarossa" title="Radiazione infrarossa">radiazione infrarossa</a> raccolta viene misurata da tre strumenti: IRAC, IRS e MIPS. </p> <ul><li>IRAC (InfraRed Array Camera) è una camera infrarossa per ottenere immagini (256×256 pixel) e misure fotometriche in 4 bande nel vicino e medio infrarosso (a 3,6, 5,8, 4,5 e 8,0 micron). Le due bande a lunghezza d'onda più corte sono rimaste operative dopo il 2009 per la seconda missione del telescopio, denominata Spitzer Warm Mission.</li> <li>IRS (InfraRed Spectrograph) è uno spettrografo che può osservare a media o bassa risoluzione spettrale dai 5,2 ai 38 micron.</li> <li>Infine MIPS (Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer) è un <a href="/wiki/Fotometro" title="Fotometro">fotometro</a> che permette di ottenere immagini e misure fotometriche in 3 bande del medio e lontano infrarosso (24, 70, e 160 micron)<sup id="cite_ref-Spitzer_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spitzer-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scopi_della_missione">Scopi della missione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescopio_spaziale_Spitzer&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Scopi della missione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescopio_spaziale_Spitzer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Scopi della missione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La maggior parte del tempo di osservazione è riservata agli istituti che hanno partecipato alla costruzione e sviluppo di SST per grandi progetti di ricerca, ma il resto del tempo di osservazione è a disposizione dell'intera comunità scientifica, e gli astronomi di tutto il mondo potranno avanzare proposte di osservazione. Gli obiettivi della missione sono molteplici: <a href="/wiki/Planetologia" title="Planetologia">planetologia</a>, studio del processo di <a href="/wiki/Formazione_stellare" title="Formazione stellare">formazione stellare</a>, del <a href="/wiki/Mezzo_interstellare" title="Mezzo interstellare">mezzo interstellare</a> della <a href="/wiki/Via_Lattea" title="Via Lattea">Via Lattea</a>, ma anche osservazione delle altre <a href="/wiki/Galassia" title="Galassia">galassie</a> fino ad arrivare a quelle più distanti e <a href="/wiki/Formazione_delle_galassie" class="mw-redirect" title="Formazione delle galassie">ancora in formazione</a>. </p><p>Precedenti osservazioni infrarosse sono state fatte sia da terra che dallo spazio. L'<a href="/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera">atmosfera</a> terrestre, però, assorbe efficacemente la radiazione infrarossa, da qui la necessità di osservare dallo spazio. Tra i precedenti <a href="/wiki/Satellite_artificiale" title="Satellite artificiale">satelliti</a> per osservazioni infrarosse, si ricordano IRAS (Infrared Astronomical Satellite) della NASA, che operò negli <a href="/wiki/Anni_1980" title="Anni 1980">anni ottanta</a>, e ISO (Infrared Space Observatory), dell'<a href="/wiki/Agenzia_Spaziale_Europea" class="mw-redirect" title="Agenzia Spaziale Europea">Agenzia Spaziale Europea</a>, attivo negli <a href="/wiki/Anni_1990" title="Anni 1990">anni novanta</a>. SST segna un importante avanzamento rispetto a IRAS e ISO soprattutto per il grande miglioramento della sensibilità degli strumenti. Altre due importanti telescopi infrarossi spaziali sono stati lanciati: il <a href="/wiki/Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">telescopio spaziale Herschel</a> (dell'ESA, lanciato il 14 maggio 2009) e <a href="/wiki/ASTRO-F" class="mw-redirect" title="ASTRO-F">ASTRO-F</a> (della ISAS, ente spaziale giapponese, lanciato il 21 febbraio 2006). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Risultati">Risultati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescopio_spaziale_Spitzer&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Risultati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescopio_spaziale_Spitzer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Risultati"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Diverse sono state le osservazioni del SST degne di nota: una delle più rilevanti fu nel 2005, quando per la prima volta fu direttamente catturata la luce di due <a href="/wiki/Pianeti_extrasolari" class="mw-redirect" title="Pianeti extrasolari">pianeti extrasolari</a>, i giganti gassosi <a href="/wiki/HD_209458_b" title="HD 209458 b">HD 209458 b</a> e <a href="/wiki/TrES-1b" title="TrES-1b">TrES-1b</a>. Prima di allora, la presenza di pianeti era stata dedotta solo dal comportamento della stella e delle variazioni della <a href="/wiki/Velocit%C3%A0_radiale" title="Velocità radiale">velocità radiale</a><sup id="cite_ref-NASA3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Sempre nel 2005, il telescopio Spitzer scoprì un <a href="/wiki/Disco_circumstellare" title="Disco circumstellare">disco circumstellare</a> attorno alla giovane <a href="/wiki/Stella_T_Tauri" title="Stella T Tauri">stella T Tauri</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=CoKu_Tau/4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CoKu Tau/4 (la pagina non esiste)">CoKu Tau/4</a>. Inoltre in quell'anno, 400 ore di osservazioni con Spitzer, permisero agli astronomi di affermare che la struttura della <a href="/wiki/Via_Lattea" title="Via Lattea">Via Lattea</a> è più marcatamente <a href="/wiki/Galassia_a_spirale_barrata" title="Galassia a spirale barrata">barrata</a> di quanto creduto in precedenza<sup id="cite_ref-fn3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Nel maggio del 2007 grazie a Spitzer, gli astronomi hanno mappato per la prima volta la temperatura atmosferica di un esopianeta, il <a href="/wiki/Gioviano_caldo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gioviano caldo">gioviano caldo</a> <a href="/wiki/HD_189733_Ab" title="HD 189733 Ab">HD 189733 Ab</a>, rilevando tra l'altro molecole di <a href="/wiki/Vapore_acqueo" title="Vapore acqueo">vapore acqueo</a><sup id="cite_ref-BBC1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Nell'agosto del 2009, rilevamenti del telescopio Spitzer attorno alla stella <a href="/w/index.php?title=HD_172555&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HD 172555 (la pagina non esiste)">HD 172555</a> e al suo disco circumstellare, permisero di scoprire che in passato era avvenuta una catastrofica collisione ad alta velocità tra due pianeti rocciosi, delle dimensioni di <a href="/wiki/Mercurio_(astronomia)" title="Mercurio (astronomia)">Mercurio</a> e della <a href="/wiki/Luna" title="Luna">Luna</a>, che ha portato alla vaporizzazione del più piccolo e notevoli danni al più grande, formando il <a href="/wiki/Cintura_asteroidale" title="Cintura asteroidale">disco di detriti</a> attorno alla stella<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Nell'ottobre del 2009, il telescopio Spitzer ha individuato l'anello più grande del <a href="/wiki/Sistema_solare" title="Sistema solare">sistema solare</a> appartenente al pianeta Saturno. </p><p>Nel 2012, Spitzer ha catturato direttamente, per la prima volta, la quantità di luce infrarossa emanata da una <a href="/wiki/Super_Terra" title="Super Terra">super Terra</a>, <a href="/wiki/55_Cancri_e" title="55 Cancri e">55 Cancri e</a><sup id="cite_ref-NASA4_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescopio_spaziale_Spitzer&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescopio_spaziale_Spitzer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/mission/the-solar-panel-assembly/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Spitzer Space Telescope Home Page -- The Solar Panel Assembly</span></a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spaceflight-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Spaceflight_2-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n0312/17sstresults/"><span style="font-style:italic;">First images from Spitzer Space Telescope unveiled</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">spaceflightnow.com</span>, 18 dicembre 2003.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20200130-3"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20200130_3-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> Adam Mann, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/30/science/nasa-spitzer-space-telescope.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope Ends 16-Year Mission of Discovery - NASA's Spitzer space telescope spotted 7 Earth-size worlds orbiting another star, a new ring around Saturn and many more wonders in space.</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></span>, 30 gennaio 2020. <small>URL consultato il 4 febbraio 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA-4"><a href="#cite_ref-NASA_4-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Jane Platt, Donald Savage, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/news/148-ssc2003-05-NASA-Announces-New-Name-for-Space-Infrared-Telescope-Facility"><span style="font-style:italic;">NASA Announces New Name for Space Infrared Telescope Facility</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">spitzer.caltech.edu</span>, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>, 18 dicembre 2003.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA2-5"><a href="#cite_ref-NASA2_5-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/spitzer/news/spitzer-20090506.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">NASA's Spitzer Telescope Warms Up To New Career</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nasa.gov</span>, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>, 5 giugno 2009.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6602"><span style="font-style:italic;">Spitzer Space Telescope Begins 'Beyond' Phase</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">NASA/JPL</span>. <small>URL consultato il 6 novembre 2016</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) NASA, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=9bbeab044b505ed30c080b98a46ff622&tab=core&_cview=0"><span style="font-style:italic;">NASA: Spitzer Space Telescope Extended Operations Request for Information (RFI)</span></a>, su Federal Business Opportunities (FBO) (a cura di), <span style="font-style:italic;">fbo.gov</span>, 12 ottobre 2017.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/38638-nasa-seeks-private-spitzer-space-telescope.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">NASA Looking for Private Organizations to Take Over Spitzer Mission</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">space.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 3 novembre 2017</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spitzer-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Spitzer_9-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Spitzer Science Center</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu/">http://ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu/</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA3-10"><a href="#cite_ref-NASA3_10-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/news/189-ssc2005-09-NASA-s-Spitzer-Marks-Beginning-of-New-Age-of-Planetary-Science"><span style="font-style:italic;">NASA's Spitzer Marks Beginning of New Age of Planetary Science</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">spitzer.caltech.edu</span>, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fn3-11"><a href="#cite_ref-fn3_11-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> Maggie McKee, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7854-bar-at-milky-ways-heart-revealed.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bar at Milky Way's heart revealed</span></a>, New Scientist, 16 agosto 2005. <small>URL consultato il 9 maggio 2007</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC1-12"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC1_12-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6292076.stm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Water vapour found on exoplanet</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">news.bbc.co.uk</span>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 11 luglio 2007.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023044241/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,538815,00.html?test=latestnews#"><span style="font-style:italic;">Two Planets Collide in Deep Space</span></a> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,538815,00.html?test=latestnews">url originale</abbr> il 23 ottobre 2012)</small>.</cite> FoxNews.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA4-14"><a href="#cite_ref-NASA4_14-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190617103354/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/spitzer/news/spitzer20120508.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">NASA's Spitzer Sees the Light of Alien 'Super Earth'<span></span></span></a>. <small>URL consultato il 4 maggio 2019</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/spitzer/news/spitzer20120508.html">url originale</abbr> il 17 giugno 2019)</small>.</cite> <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescopio_spaziale_Spitzer&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescopio_spaziale_Spitzer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS">IRAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">Herschel Space Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_Space_Observatory" title="Infrared Space Observatory">Infrared Space Observatory</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescopio_spaziale_Spitzer&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescopio_spaziale_Spitzer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Spitzer Space Telescope"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spitzer_Space_Telescope?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spitzer_Space_Telescope?uselang=it">telescopio spaziale Spitzer</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescopio_spaziale_Spitzer&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescopio_spaziale_Spitzer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/spitzer"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sito ufficiale</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nasa.gov</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201953#P856" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Michael Werner, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Spitzer-Space-Telescope"><span style="font-style:italic;">Spitzer Space Telescope</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201953#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style 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style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Template:Jet Propulsion Laboratory"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Jet Propulsion Laboratory (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Missioni correnti</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_Infrared_Sounder" title="Atmospheric Infrared Sounder">AIRS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Spaceborne_Thermal_Emission_and_Reflection_Radiometer" title="Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer">ASTER</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Telescopi_Keck" title="Telescopi Keck">Interferometro Keck</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Large_Binocular_Telescope" title="Large Binocular Telescope">LBT</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)">Perseverance</a></i>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Multi-angle_Imaging_SpectroRadiometer" title="Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer">MISR</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Microwave_Limb_Sounder" title="Microwave Limb Sounder">MLS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">MRO</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">MSL</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/QuikSCAT" title="QuikSCAT">QuikSCAT</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=TOPEX/Poseidon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TOPEX/Poseidon (la pagina non esiste)">TOPEX/Poseidon</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Programma_Voyager" title="Programma Voyager">Voyager</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Psyche_(missione_spaziale)" title="Psyche (missione spaziale)">Psyche</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></td><td rowspan="4" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory_logo.svg/170px-Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory_logo.svg/255px-Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory_logo.svg/340px-Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="108" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Missioni passate</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Missione_spaziale_Cassini-Huygens" class="mw-redirect" title="Missione spaziale Cassini-Huygens">Cassini-Huygens</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Missione_Dawn" title="Missione Dawn">Dawn</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(missione_spaziale)" title="Deep Impact (missione spaziale)">Deep Impact</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_1" title="Deep Space 1">Deep Space 1</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_2" title="Deep Space 2">Deep Space 2</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Programma_Explorer" title="Programma Explorer">Explorer</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sonda_Galileo" title="Sonda Galileo">Galileo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sonda_Genesis" title="Sonda Genesis">Genesis</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gravity_Recovery_and_Climate_Experiment" title="Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment">GRACE</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gravity_Recovery_and_Interior_Laboratory" title="Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory">GRAIL</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">Herschel Space Observatory</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS">IRAS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Missione_Kepler" title="Missione Kepler">Kepler</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sonda_Magellano" title="Sonda Magellano">Magellan</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Programma_Mariner" title="Programma Mariner">Mariner</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter" title="Mars Climate Orbiter">Mars Climate Orbiter</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Observer" title="Mars Observer">Mars Observer</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder">Mars Pathfinder</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Polar_Lander" title="Mars Polar Lander">Mars Polar Lander</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_Scatterometer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NASA Scatterometer (la pagina non esiste)">NSCAT</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Programma_Pioneer" title="Programma Pioneer">Pioneer</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Mars_Lander" title="Phoenix Mars Lander">Phoenix</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Programma_Ranger" title="Programma Ranger">Ranger</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(sonda_spaziale)" title="Rosetta (sonda spaziale)">Rosetta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/SeaSat" title="SeaSat">SeaSat</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaceborne_Imaging_Radar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spaceborne Imaging Radar (la pagina non esiste)">SIR</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solar_Mesosphere_Explorer" title="Solar Mesosphere Explorer">SME</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Radar_Topography_Mission" title="Shuttle Radar Topography Mission">SRTM</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sonda_Stardust" title="Sonda Stardust">Stardust</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Surveyor_program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surveyor program (la pagina non esiste)">Surveyor</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spitzer</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Interferometria_a_lunghissima_base" title="Interferometria a lunghissima base">SVLBI</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(sonda_spaziale)" title="Ulysses (sonda spaziale)">Ulysses</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Programma_Viking" title="Programma Viking">Viking</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Wide-field Infrared Explorer">WIRE</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wide_Field_and_Planetary_Camera" title="Wide Field and Planetary Camera">WFPC</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Active_Cavity_Radiometer_Irradiance_Monitor_Satellite" title="Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor Satellite">ACRIMSAT</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Evolution_Explorer" title="Galaxy Evolution Explorer">GALEX</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tropospheric_Emission_Spectrometer" title="Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer">TES</a><b> ·</b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Missioni future</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/SPHEREx" title="SPHEREx">SPHEREx</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Telescopio_spaziale_Nancy_Grace_Roman" title="Telescopio spaziale Nancy Grace Roman">Telescopio spaziale Nancy Grace Roman</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=NEO_Surveyor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NEO Surveyor (la pagina non esiste)">NEO Surveyor</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Organizzazioni collegate</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">Caltech</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex">Goldstone Complex</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid 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