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DNA binding and dispersion activities of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with UV/vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and physicochemical analysis at physiological temperature
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="JzEu5mh7-9LaiZr3C14SfEScA0pABx21CWOWljc18hJ-3TaAc-YXxrl9qHoj88GQzQalA-cOTTpsjd_XV4kP4w" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="DNA binding and dispersion activities of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with UV/vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and physicochemical analysis at physiological temperature" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="shivani R pandya" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Man Singh" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Sonal Bakshi" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/19606495/DNA_binding_and_dispersion_activities_of_titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_with_UV_vis_spectrophotometry_fluorescence_spectroscopy_and_physicochemical_analysis_at_physiological_temperature" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="DNA binding and dispersion activities of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with UV/vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and physicochemical analysis at physiological temperature" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Overexposure of TiO2 NPs has raised concerns over safety. This study focuses on stability and DNA binding activity of TiO2 NPs in water and cell culture growth media RPMI-1640 at physiological temperature. Borosil Mansingh Survismeter was used to" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/3444414/1993203/20762718/s200_shivani.pandya.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/19606495/DNA_binding_and_dispersion_activities_of_titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_with_UV_vis_spectrophotometry_fluorescence_spectroscopy_and_physicochemical_analysis_at_physiological_temperature" /> <meta property="og:title" content="DNA binding and dispersion activities of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with UV/vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and physicochemical analysis at physiological temperature" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Overexposure of TiO2 NPs has raised concerns over safety. This study focuses on stability and DNA binding activity of TiO2 NPs in water and cell culture growth media RPMI-1640 at physiological temperature. Borosil Mansingh Survismeter was used to" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://paruluniversity.academia.edu/shivanipandya" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://ucentralgujaratgandhinagar.academia.edu/ManSingh" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://nirmaui.academia.edu/SonalBakshi" /> <meta name="description" content="Overexposure of TiO2 NPs has raised concerns over safety. This study focuses on stability and DNA binding activity of TiO2 NPs in water and cell culture growth media RPMI-1640 at physiological temperature. Borosil Mansingh Survismeter was used to" /> <title>DNA binding and dispersion activities of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with UV/vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and physicochemical analysis at physiological temperature</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/19606495/DNA_binding_and_dispersion_activities_of_titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_with_UV_vis_spectrophotometry_fluorescence_spectroscopy_and_physicochemical_analysis_at_physiological_temperature" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '107520bac59918e2ceae62eaadd15bff3d1e7904'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740908004000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740908004000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Overexposure of TiO2 NPs has raised concerns over safety. This study focuses on stability and DNA binding activity of TiO2 NPs in water and cell culture growth media RPMI-1640 at physiological temperature. Borosil Mansingh Survismeter was used to assess dispersion and physicochemical properties. Values of density, viscosity, surface tension, particle size, friccohesity and activation energy were calculated for a range of TiO2 NP concentrations (25 μM/L to 125 μM/L). The results demonstrate higher limiting density and viscosity in culture media than water, suggesting a stronger association of TiO2 NPs in growth media. Interaction of TiO2 NPs with human genomic DNA was analyzed by UV–visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. UV–visible spectroscopy showed hyperchromic effect due to strong stacking interactions between human genomic DNA and TiO2 NPs. Fluorescence spectral characteristics revealed that with increasing concentrations of TiO2 NPs bound to DNA, there was a marked decrease in fluorescence spectra which indicates interaction of TiO2 NP with human genomic DNA. Understanding structural and physicochemical properties of TiO2 NPs and their interaction with human genomic DNA will be important for in vitro genotoxicity studies as stability of nano form in media is a major concern.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"shivani R pandya","url":"https://paruluniversity.academia.edu/shivanipandya","image":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3444414/1993203/20762718/s200_shivani.pandya.jpg","sameAs":[]},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Man Singh","url":"https://ucentralgujaratgandhinagar.academia.edu/ManSingh","sameAs":[]},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Sonal Bakshi","url":"https://nirmaui.academia.edu/SonalBakshi","sameAs":[]}],"contributor":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Man Singh","url":"https://ucentralgujaratgandhinagar.academia.edu/ManSingh","sameAs":[]},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Sonal Bakshi","url":"https://nirmaui.academia.edu/SonalBakshi","sameAs":[]}],"dateCreated":"2015-12-11","headline":"DNA binding and dispersion activities of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with UV/vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and physicochemical analysis at physiological temperature","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40727959/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Nanobiotechnology"],"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"paruluniversity"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"ucentralgujaratgandhinagar"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"nirmaui"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40727959/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19606495/DNA_binding_and_dispersion_activities_of_titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_with_UV_vis_spectrophotometry_fluorescence_spectroscopy_and_physicochemical_analysis_at_physiological_temperature"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: 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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F19606495%2FDNA_binding_and_dispersion_activities_of_titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_with_UV_vis_spectrophotometry_fluorescence_spectroscopy_and_physicochemical_analysis_at_physiological_temperature%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":40727959,"identifier":"Attachment_40727959","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":19606495,"created_at":"2015-12-11T03:37:21.973-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-12T05:24:41.475-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Overexposure of TiO2 NPs has raised concerns over safety. This study focuses on stability and DNA binding activity of TiO2 NPs in water and cell culture growth media RPMI-1640 at physiological temperature. Borosil Mansingh Survismeter was used to assess dispersion and physicochemical properties. Values of density, viscosity, surface tension, particle size, friccohesity and activation energy were calculated for a range of TiO2 NP concentrations (25 μM/L to 125 μM/L). The results demonstrate higher limiting density and viscosity in culture media than water, suggesting a stronger association of TiO2 NPs in growth media. Interaction of TiO2 NPs with human genomic DNA was analyzed by UV–visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. UV–visible spectroscopy showed hyperchromic effect due to strong stacking interactions between human genomic DNA and TiO2 NPs. Fluorescence spectral characteristics revealed that with increasing concentrations of TiO2 NPs bound to DNA, there was a marked decrease in fluorescence spectra which indicates interaction of TiO2 NP with human genomic DNA. Understanding structural and physicochemical properties of TiO2 NPs and their interaction with human genomic DNA will be important for in vitro genotoxicity studies as stability of nano form in media is a major concern.\n"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"DNA binding and dispersion activities of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with UV/vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and physicochemical analysis at physiological temperature","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true,"seo_quality":null}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [3444414,351467,40734724]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":40727959,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “DNA binding and dispersion activities of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with UV/vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and physicochemical analysis at physiological temperature”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/40727959/mini_magick20190220-19661-bjbpz8.png?1550696930" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">DNA binding and dispersion activities of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with UV/vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and physicochemical analysis at physiological temperature</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3444414" href="https://paruluniversity.academia.edu/shivanipandya"><img alt="Profile image of shivani R pandya" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/3444414/1993203/20762718/s65_shivani.pandya.jpg" />shivani R pandya</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="351467" href="https://ucentralgujaratgandhinagar.academia.edu/ManSingh"><img alt="Profile image of Man Singh" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Man Singh</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40734724" href="https://nirmaui.academia.edu/SonalBakshi"><img alt="Profile image of Sonal Bakshi" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Sonal Bakshi</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">8 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 19606495; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=19606495"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Overexposure of TiO2 NPs has raised concerns over safety. This study focuses on stability and DNA binding activity of TiO2 NPs in water and cell culture growth media RPMI-1640 at physiological temperature. Borosil Mansingh Survismeter was used to assess dispersion and physicochemical properties. Values of density, viscosity, surface tension, particle size, friccohesity and activation energy were calculated for a range of TiO2 NP concentrations (25 μM/L to 125 μM/L). The results demonstrate higher limiting density and viscosity in culture media than water, suggesting a stronger association of TiO2 NPs in growth media. Interaction of TiO2 NPs with human genomic DNA was analyzed by UV–visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. UV–visible spectroscopy showed hyperchromic effect due to strong stacking interactions between human genomic DNA and TiO2 NPs. Fluorescence spectral characteristics revealed that with increasing concentrations of TiO2 NPs bound to DNA, there was a marked decrease in fluorescence spectra which indicates interaction of TiO2 NP with human genomic DNA. Understanding structural and physicochemical properties of TiO2 NPs and their interaction with human genomic DNA will be important for in vitro genotoxicity studies as stability of nano form in media is a major concern. </p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><div class="primary-buttons "><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":40727959,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/19606495/DNA_binding_and_dispersion_activities_of_titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_with_UV_vis_spectrophotometry_fluorescence_spectroscopy_and_physicochemical_analysis_at_physiological_temperature"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span>See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":40727959,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/19606495/DNA_binding_and_dispersion_activities_of_titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_with_UV_vis_spectrophotometry_fluorescence_spectroscopy_and_physicochemical_analysis_at_physiological_temperature"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="19606495" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Genotoxicity assessment is an important part of biosafety evaluation; we report in vitro cytogenetic assays for NPs considering their unique physicochemical characteristics to fill the gap of laboratory data regarding biological safety along with mechanistic study for mode of interaction of NP with genetic material. Comet and chromosome aberration assay (CA assay) using short-term human peripheral blood cultures following exposure to TiO 2 NPs; along with physicochemical parameters for stability of nano form in cultures; and DNA binding activity were carried out. The dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements revealed mono dispersion in media. The fluorescence spectroscopy for binding affinity of TiO 2 NPs and human genomic DNA showed binding constant (K b), 4.158 9 10 6 M-1 indicating strong binding affinity and negative DG 0 value suggesting spontaneous DNA binding supporting its genotoxic potential. Following in vitro exposure to TiO 2 NPs for 24 h, the cultures were analyzed for comet and CA assays, which showed significant results (p \ 0.05) for % DNA intensity in tail, Olive Tail Moment and frequency of Chromosomal aberrations (CA) at 75 and 125 lM but not at 25 lM.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: an in vitro study of DNA binding, chromosome aberration assay, and comet assay","attachmentId":93994140,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90428199/Titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_an_in_vitro_study_of_DNA_binding_chromosome_aberration_assay_and_comet_assay","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90428199/Titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_an_in_vitro_study_of_DNA_binding_chromosome_aberration_assay_and_comet_assay"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="90852474" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90852474/Titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_preferentially_bind_in_subdomains_IB_IIA_of_HSA_and_minor_groove_of_DNA">Titanium dioxide nanoparticles preferentially bind in subdomains IB, IIA of HSA and minor groove of DNA</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34426579" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FAbulQais">Faizan Abul Qais</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) and DNA was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy, spectrofluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to analyze the binding parameters and protein corona formation. TEM revealed protein corona formation on TiO2-NPs surface due to adsorption of HSA. Intrinsic fluorescence quenching data suggested significant binding of TiO2-NPs (avg. size 14.0 nm) with HSA. The Stern-Volmer constant (Ksv) was determined to be 7.6 × 10(2) M(-1) (r(2) = 0.98), whereas the binding constant (Ka) and number of binding sites (n) were assessed to be 5.82 × 10(2) M(-1) and 0.97, respectively. Synchronous fluorescence revealed an apparent decrease in fluorescence intensity with a red shift of 2 nm at Δλ = 15 nm and Δλ = 60 nm. UV-visible analysis also provided the binding constant values for TiO2-NPs-HSA and TiO2-NPs-DNA complexes as 2.8 × 10(2) M(-1) and 5.4 × 10(3) M(-1). The CD data demo...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Titanium dioxide nanoparticles preferentially bind in subdomains IB, IIA of HSA and minor groove of DNA","attachmentId":94300212,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90852474/Titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_preferentially_bind_in_subdomains_IB_IIA_of_HSA_and_minor_groove_of_DNA","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90852474/Titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_preferentially_bind_in_subdomains_IB_IIA_of_HSA_and_minor_groove_of_DNA"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="97009127" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97009127/Effect_of_TiO2_nanoparticles_on_the_thermal_stability_of_native_DNA_under_UV_irradiation">Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the thermal stability of native DNA under UV irradiation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="228005484" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VKarachevtsev">Victor Karachevtsev</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Applied Physics A, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">TiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in the environmental engineering, medicine, chemical and food industries due to their unique photocatalytic and biocidal properties. NPs may generate reactive oxygen species and, hence, have the toxic effect on the living cells via oxidative stress. An external UV irradiation may magnify the photocatalytic properties of TiO 2 NPs. In this regard, we have analyzed the influence of TiO 2 NPs on the conformation and thermal stability of native DNA in a buffer solution without and under UV irradiation exploiting absorption spectroscopy with DNA thermal denaturation in the range of 20-94 0 С. Upon DNA heating from about 25 to 44 0 С, we have observed the stabilization of DNA duplex in the presence of TiO 2 NPs. This additional biopolymer stabilization indicates that partial DNA unwinding appears as a result of the direct binding of the biopolymer to NPs. We showed that the performed UV treatment of DNA during 3 hours leads to partial unwinding of the biopolymer structure. The NPs injection to the biopolymer solution induced the additional effect on the DNA thermal stability under UV irradiation. The performed analysis of the experimental data suggests that the nature of the impact of NPs on the biopolymer is complex.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the thermal stability of native DNA under UV irradiation","attachmentId":98749516,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97009127/Effect_of_TiO2_nanoparticles_on_the_thermal_stability_of_native_DNA_under_UV_irradiation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/97009127/Effect_of_TiO2_nanoparticles_on_the_thermal_stability_of_native_DNA_under_UV_irradiation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="112551333" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/112551333/Genotoxicity_analysis_of_rutile_titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_in_mice_after_28_days_of_repeated_oral_administration">Genotoxicity analysis of rutile titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mice after 28 days of repeated oral administration</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3713159" href="https://caluniv.academia.edu/RiteshBanerjee">Ritesh Banerjee</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Nucleus, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Titanium dioxide (TiO 2) or titania has demonstrated excellent potential for commercial use in various arenas, such as in the paint, in pharmaceuticals and food industry. However information on the genotoxic potential of rutile form of TiO 2-NP after repeated (28 days) low dose oral exposure in major organs of the reticuloendothelial system (liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes) is not known. In this study Swiss albino male mice were gavaged TiO 2-NP at sub-acute concentration (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg body weight) over a period of 28 days. Results revealed that TiO 2-NP administered was of rutile form with mean average size of 25 nm by transmission electron microscopy. The values of PDI and Zeta potential from DLS of TiO 2-NP in suspension specified that the nanomaterial was stable without much agglomeration. Chromosomal aberration assay showed that TiO 2-NP was genotoxic and cytotoxic. DNA damage evaluation by comet assay confirmed that long term exposure to TiO 2-NP at low concentrations can induce genotoxicity systemically in organs, such as liver, spleen, and thymus cells. Structural chromosomal aberration test from bone marrow cells revealed the clastogenicity of TiO 2-NP at sub chronic low concentrations. Further in vivo studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms at the molecular level.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genotoxicity analysis of rutile titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mice after 28 days of repeated oral administration","attachmentId":109747744,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112551333/Genotoxicity_analysis_of_rutile_titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_in_mice_after_28_days_of_repeated_oral_administration","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/112551333/Genotoxicity_analysis_of_rutile_titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_in_mice_after_28_days_of_repeated_oral_administration"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="58014288" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58014288/Genotoxicity_of_TiO2_Nanoparticles_in_Four_Different_Human_Cell_Lines_A549_HEPG2_A172_and_SH_SY5Y_">Genotoxicity of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Four Different Human Cell Lines (A549, HEPG2, A172 and SH-SY5Y)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52963239" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BLaffon">Blanca Laffon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nanomaterials</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have a wide variety of applications in many consumer products, including as food additives, increasing the concern about the possible hazards that TiO2 NPs may pose to human health. Although most previous studies have focused on the respiratory system, ingestion must also be considered as an important exposure route. Furthermore, after inhalation or ingestion, TiO2 NPs can reach several organs, such as the liver, brain or lungs. Taking this into consideration, the present study focuses on the uptake and potential genotoxicity (micronuclei induction) of TiO2 NPs on four human cell lines of diverse origin: lung cells (A549), liver cells (HepG2), glial cells (A172) and neurons (SH-SY5Y), using flow cytometry methods. Results showed a concentration-, time- and cell-type- dependent increase in TiO2 NPs uptake but no significant induction of micronuclei in any of the tested conditions. Data obtained reinforce the importance of cell model and testi...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genotoxicity of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Four Different Human Cell Lines (A549, HEPG2, A172 and SH-SY5Y)","attachmentId":72631684,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58014288/Genotoxicity_of_TiO2_Nanoparticles_in_Four_Different_Human_Cell_Lines_A549_HEPG2_A172_and_SH_SY5Y_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/58014288/Genotoxicity_of_TiO2_Nanoparticles_in_Four_Different_Human_Cell_Lines_A549_HEPG2_A172_and_SH_SY5Y_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="4200968" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4200968/Genotoxicity_of_titanium_dioxide_TiO_2_nanoparticles_at_two_trophic_levels_Plant_and_human_lymphocytes">Genotoxicity of titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles at two trophic levels: Plant and human lymphocytes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5083079" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnitaMukherjee">Anita Mukherjee</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chemosphere</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The environmental fate and behaviour of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles is a rapidly expanding area of research. There is a paucity of information regarding toxic effect of TiO 2 nanoparticles in plants and to certain extent in humans. The present study focuses on the effect of exposure of TiO 2 nanoparticles in two trophic levels, plant and human lymphocytes. The genotoxicity of TiO 2 nanoparticles was evaluated using classical genotoxic endpoints, comet assay and DNA laddering technique. DNA damaging potential of TiO 2 nanoparticles in Allium cepa and Nicotiana tabacum as representative of plant system could be confirmed in the comet assay and DNA laddering experiments. In Allium micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations correlated with the reduction in root growth. We detected increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration at 4 mM (0.9 lM) treatment dose of TiO 2 nanoparticles in Allium cepa.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genotoxicity of titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles at two trophic levels: Plant and human lymphocytes","attachmentId":49988829,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4200968/Genotoxicity_of_titanium_dioxide_TiO_2_nanoparticles_at_two_trophic_levels_Plant_and_human_lymphocytes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4200968/Genotoxicity_of_titanium_dioxide_TiO_2_nanoparticles_at_two_trophic_levels_Plant_and_human_lymphocytes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="14277922" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14277922/Genotoxic_and_cell_transforming_effects_of_titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles">Genotoxic and cell-transforming effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33243730" href="https://akdeniz.academia.edu/B%C3%BClentKaya">Bülent Kaya</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Environmental research, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The in vitro genotoxic and the soft-agar anchorage independent cell transformation ability of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) and its microparticulated form has been evaluated in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and in mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cells. Nano-TiO2 of two different sizes (21 and 50 nm) were used in this study. The comet assay, with and without the use of FPG enzyme, the micronucleus assay and the soft-agar colony assay were used. For both the comet assay and the frequency of micronuclei a statistically significant induction of DNA damage, was observed at the highest dose tested (1000 µg/mL). No oxidative DNA damage induction was observed when the comet assay was complemented with the use of FPG enzyme. Furthermore, long-term exposure to nano-TiO2 has also proved to induce cell-transformation promoting cell-anchorage independent growth in soft-agar. Results were similar for the two nano-TiO2 sizes. Negative results were obtained when the microparticu...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genotoxic and cell-transforming effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles","attachmentId":44364110,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14277922/Genotoxic_and_cell_transforming_effects_of_titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14277922/Genotoxic_and_cell_transforming_effects_of_titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="57542605" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57542605/Titanium_Dioxide_Nanoparticles_Assembled_by_Dna_Molecules_Hybridization_and_Loading_of_Dna_Interacting_Proteins">Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Assembled by Dna Molecules Hybridization and Loading of Dna Interacting Proteins</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34731204" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TatjanaPaunesku">Tatjana Paunesku</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nano, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This work demonstrates the assembly of TiO 2 nanoparticles with attached DNA oligonucleotides into a 3D mesh structure by allowing base pairing between oligonucleotides. A change of the ratio of DNA oligonucleotide molecules and TiO 2 nanoparticles regulates the size of the mesh as characterized by UV-visible light spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. This type of 3D mesh, based on TiO 2-DNA oligonucleotide nanoconjugates, can be used for studies of nanoparticle assemblies in materials science, energy science related to dye-sensitized solar cells, environmental science as well as characterization of DNA interacting proteins in the field of molecular biology. As an example of one such assembly, proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein (PCNA) was cloned, its activity was verified, and the protein was purified, loaded onto double strand DNA oligonucleotide- TiO 2 nanoconjugates, and imaged by atomic force microscopy. This type of a...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Assembled by Dna Molecules Hybridization and Loading of Dna Interacting Proteins","attachmentId":72394781,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57542605/Titanium_Dioxide_Nanoparticles_Assembled_by_Dna_Molecules_Hybridization_and_Loading_of_Dna_Interacting_Proteins","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/57542605/Titanium_Dioxide_Nanoparticles_Assembled_by_Dna_Molecules_Hybridization_and_Loading_of_Dna_Interacting_Proteins"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="91932392" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91932392/Titanium_Dioxide_Nanoparticles_Induce_DNA_Damage_and_Genetic_Instability_In_vivo_in_Mice">Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce DNA Damage and Genetic Instability In vivo in Mice</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32254045" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RamuneReliene">Ramune Reliene</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cancer Research, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications including pigment and cosmetic manufacturing. Although TiO2 is chemically inert, TiO2 nanoparticles can cause negative health effects, such as respiratory tract cancer in rats. However, the mechanisms involved in TiO2-induced genotoxicity and carcinogenicity have not been clearly defined and are poorly studied in vivo. The present study investigates TiO2 nanoparticles–induced genotoxicity, oxidative DNA damage, and inflammation in a mice model. We treated wild-type mice with TiO2 nanoparticles in drinking water and determined the extent of DNA damage using the comet assay, the micronuclei assay, and the γ-H2AX immunostaining assay and by measuring 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels and, as a genetic instability endpoint, DNA deletions. We also determined mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood. Our results show that TiO2 nanoparticles ind...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce DNA Damage and Genetic Instability In vivo in Mice","attachmentId":95079803,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91932392/Titanium_Dioxide_Nanoparticles_Induce_DNA_Damage_and_Genetic_Instability_In_vivo_in_Mice","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91932392/Titanium_Dioxide_Nanoparticles_Induce_DNA_Damage_and_Genetic_Instability_In_vivo_in_Mice"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="116316556" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/116316556/The_distinct_effect_of_titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_in_primary_and_immortalized_cell_lines">The distinct effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in primary and immortalized cell lines</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="195227676" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LuizFernandoCappadeOliveira">Luiz Fernando Cappa de Oliveira</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Toxicology Research, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been applied to biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food additive fields. However, the effect on health and the environment are conflicting; thus, it has been reviewing several times. In this context, establishing standard robust protocols for detecting cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of nanomaterials became essential for nanotechnology development. The cell type and the intrinsic characteristics of titanium dioxide NPs can influence nanotoxicity. In this work, the cyto- and genotoxicity effects of standard reference material titanium dioxide NPs in primary bovine fibroblasts and immortalized Chinese hamster ovary epithelial (CHO) cells were determined and compared for the first time. Titanium dioxide NPs exposure revealed no cytotoxicity for primary bovine fibroblasts, while only higher concentrations tested (10 μg/ml) induce genotoxic effects in this cell model. In contrast, the lower concentrations of the titanium dioxide NPs cause the cyto...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The distinct effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in primary and immortalized cell lines","attachmentId":112481762,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116316556/The_distinct_effect_of_titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_in_primary_and_immortalized_cell_lines","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/116316556/The_distinct_effect_of_titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_in_primary_and_immortalized_cell_lines"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":40727959,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":40727959,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_40727959" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="75989696" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75989696/In_vitro_cytotoxicity_and_genotoxicity_studies_of_titanium_dioxide_TiO2_nanoparticles_in_Chinese_hamster_lung_fibroblast_cells">In vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31448851" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ThomasLiehr">Thomas Liehr</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Toxicology in Vitro, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"In vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells","attachmentId":83676768,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75989696/In_vitro_cytotoxicity_and_genotoxicity_studies_of_titanium_dioxide_TiO2_nanoparticles_in_Chinese_hamster_lung_fibroblast_cells","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/75989696/In_vitro_cytotoxicity_and_genotoxicity_studies_of_titanium_dioxide_TiO2_nanoparticles_in_Chinese_hamster_lung_fibroblast_cells"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="86824918" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86824918/Critical_issues_in_genotoxicity_assessment_of_TiO2_nanoparticles_by_human_peripheral_blood_mononuclear_cells">Critical issues in genotoxicity assessment of TiO2 nanoparticles by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56750410" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GiorgioLeter">Giorgio Leter</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Critical issues in genotoxicity assessment of TiO2 nanoparticles by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells","attachmentId":91193032,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86824918/Critical_issues_in_genotoxicity_assessment_of_TiO2_nanoparticles_by_human_peripheral_blood_mononuclear_cells","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86824918/Critical_issues_in_genotoxicity_assessment_of_TiO2_nanoparticles_by_human_peripheral_blood_mononuclear_cells"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="20132415" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20132415/Titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_induce_oxidative_stress_and_DNA_adduct_formation_but_not_DNA_breakage_in_human_lung_cells">Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce oxidative stress and DNA-adduct formation but not DNA-breakage in human lung cells</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41208625" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElkeDopp">Elke Dopp</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41510475" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JBoertz">Jens Boertz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Part Fibre Toxicol, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce oxidative stress and DNA-adduct formation but not DNA-breakage in human lung cells","attachmentId":41216262,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20132415/Titanium_dioxide_nanoparticles_induce_oxidative_stress_and_DNA_adduct_formation_but_not_DNA_breakage_in_human_lung_cells","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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