CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page","20150319092022","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1426756822"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.25wmf21"/> <link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/android-app://org.wikipedia/http/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia picture of the day feed" href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=featuredfeed&feed=potd&feedformat=atom"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia featured articles feed" href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=featuredfeed&feed=featured&feedformat=atom"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia "On this day..." feed" href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=featuredfeed&feed=onthisday&feedformat=atom"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/favicon/wikipedia.ico"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (en)"/> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"/> <link rel="copyright" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022cs_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/en.wikipedia.org/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.DRN-wizard%2CReferenceTooltips%2Ccharinsert%2Cfeatured-articles-links%2CrefToolbar%2Cswitcher%2Cteahouse%7Cext.uls.nojs%7Cext.visualEditor.viewPageTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikihiero%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cmediawiki.legacy.commonPrint%2Cshared%7Cmediawiki.sectionAnchor%7Cmediawiki.skinning.interface%7Cmediawiki.ui.button%7Cskins.vector.styles&only=styles&skin=vector&*"/> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022cs_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/en.wikipedia.org/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=site&only=styles&skin=vector&*"/> <style>a:lang(ar),a:lang(kk-arab),a:lang(mzn),a:lang(ps),a:lang(ur){text-decoration:none} /* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:3904d24a08aa08f6a68dc338f9be277e */</style> <script src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022js_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/en.wikipedia.org/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&skin=vector&*"></script> <script>if(window.mw){ mw.config.set({"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Main_Page","wgTitle":"Main Page","wgCurRevisionId":647785249,"wgRevisionId":647785249,"wgArticleId":15580374,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgMonthNamesShort":["","Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"wgRelevantPageName":"Main_Page","wgRelevantArticleId":15580374,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["sysop"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgIsMainPage":true,"wgWikiEditorEnabledModules":{"toolbar":true,"dialogs":true,"hidesig":true,"preview":false,"publish":false},"wgBetaFeaturesFeatures":[],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr"},"wikilove-recipient":"","wikilove-anon":0,"wgPoweredByHHVM":true,"wgULSAcceptLanguageList":[],"wgULSCurrentAutonym":"English","wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1,"quality":2,"pristine":3}}},"wgStableRevisionId":null,"wgCategoryTreePageCategoryOptions":"{\"mode\":0,\"hideprefix\":20,\"showcount\":true,\"namespaces\":false}","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5296"}); }</script><script>if(window.mw){ mw.loader.implement("user.options",function($,jQuery){mw.user.options.set({"variant":"en"});},{},{},{});mw.loader.implement("user.tokens",function($,jQuery){mw.user.tokens.set({"editToken":"+\\","patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\"});},{},{},{}); /* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-js:7:94007ea073e20ad4a3cdce36b2f2e369 */ }</script> <script>if(window.mw){ mw.loader.load(["mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.legacy.wikibits","mediawiki.legacy.ajax","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.head","ext.imageMetrics.head","ext.visualEditor.viewPageTarget.init","ext.uls.init","ext.uls.interface","ext.centralNotice.bannerController","skins.vector.js"]); }</script> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://meta.wikimedia.org/"/>  </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Main_Page skin-vector action-view"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Main Page</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><table id="mp-topbanner" style="width:100%; background:#f9f9f9; margin:1.2em 0 6px 0; border:1px solid #ddd;"> <tr> <td style="width:61%; color:#000;"> <table style="width:280px; border:none; background:none;"> <tr> <td style="width:280px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;"> <div style="font-size:162%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em; color:#000;">Welcome to <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>,</div> <div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:95%;">the <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">free</a> <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia">encyclopedia</a> that <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduction" title="Wikipedia:Introduction">anyone can edit</a>.</div> <div id="articlecount" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Statistics" title="Special:Statistics">4,745,853</a> articles in <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td style="width:13%; font-size:95%;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Arts" title="Portal:Arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li> </ul> </td> <td style="width:13%; font-size:95%;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science</a></li> </ul> </td> <td style="width:13%; font-size:95%;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Contents/Portals" title="Portal:Contents/Portals">All portals</a></b></li> </ul> </td> </tr> </table> <table id="mp-upper" style="width: 100%; margin:4px 0 0 0; background:none; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr> <td class="MainPageBG" style="width:55%; border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5fffa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;"> <table id="mp-left" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa;"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="From_today.27s_featured_article">From today's featured article</span></h2> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color:#000;"> <div id="mp-tfa" style="padding:2px 5px"> <div style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Original_Locomotive_and_Train,_Wotton_Tramway.jpg" class="image" title="Steam locomotive with four carriages"><img alt="Steam locomotive with four carriages" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Original_Locomotive_and_Train%2C_Wotton_Tramway.jpg/133px-Original_Locomotive_and_Train%2C_Wotton_Tramway.jpg" width="133" height="82" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Original_Locomotive_and_Train%2C_Wotton_Tramway.jpg/200px-Original_Locomotive_and_Train%2C_Wotton_Tramway.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Original_Locomotive_and_Train%2C_Wotton_Tramway.jpg/266px-Original_Locomotive_and_Train%2C_Wotton_Tramway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="934" data-file-height="578"/></a></div> <p><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brill_railway_station" title="Brill railway station">Brill railway station</a></b> was the terminus of a small railway line in <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a>, England, known as the <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brill_Tramway" title="Brill Tramway">Brill Tramway</a>. Built and owned by the <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Temple-Grenville,_3rd_Duke_of_Buckingham_and_Chandos" title="Richard Temple-Grenville, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos" class="mw-redirect">3rd Duke of Buckingham</a>, it opened just north of <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brill" title="Brill">Brill</a> in 1872. As the line was cheaply built and used poor quality <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotive" title="Locomotive">locomotives</a>, services were slow, taking 1 hour 45 minutes to travel the six miles (10 km) from Brill to the <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_station" title="Junction station">junction station</a> with mainline services at <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station" title="Quainton Road railway station">Quainton Road</a>. Although little used by passengers, the station was important for freight traffic, particularly shipping milk from the area's farms to London. The <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Railway" title="Metropolitan Railway">Metropolitan Railway</a> took over the line in 1899, and upgraded it. In 1933 it became part of the <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a> as one of the two north-western termini, despite being 45 miles (72 km) and over two hours travelling time from London. The management of <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Passenger_Transport_Board" title="London Passenger Transport Board">London Transport</a> aimed to reduce goods services, and it was felt that the line to Brill was unlikely to become a viable passenger route. The line was closed in 1935, and all buildings and infrastructure at Brill associated with the railway were sold at auction. Most of the station infrastructure was demolished, though three station cottages survive. (<a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brill_railway_station" title="Brill railway station"><b>Full article...</b></a>)</p> <p><i>Part of the <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_topics/Brill_Tramway" title="Wikipedia:Featured topics/Brill Tramway">Brill Tramway</a></b> series, one of Wikipedia's <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_topics" title="Wikipedia:Featured topics">featured topics</a>.</i></p> <p>Recently featured: <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Bondfield" title="Margaret Bondfield">Margaret Bondfield</a> – <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audie_Murphy" title="Audie Murphy">Audie Murphy</a> – <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...And_Justice_for_All_(album)" title="...And Justice for All (album)"><i>...And Justice for All</i> (album)</a></p> <div style="text-align: right;" class="noprint"><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/March_2015" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 2015">Archive</a></b> – <b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b> – <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles...</a></b></div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Did_you_know...">Did you know...</span></h2> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;"> <div id="mp-dyk"> <p><i>From Wikipedia's <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Recent_additions" title="Wikipedia:Recent additions">new and recently improved content</a>:</i></p> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> <p><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:New_Fresh_Wharf_near_London_Bridge.jpg" class="image" title="New Fresh Wharf in the mid-1960s"><img alt="New Fresh Wharf in the mid-1960s" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/New_Fresh_Wharf_near_London_Bridge.jpg/100px-New_Fresh_Wharf_near_London_Bridge.jpg" width="100" height="68" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/New_Fresh_Wharf_near_London_Bridge.jpg/150px-New_Fresh_Wharf_near_London_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/New_Fresh_Wharf_near_London_Bridge.jpg/200px-New_Fresh_Wharf_near_London_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="583"/></a></p> </div> <ul> <li>... that <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_Wharf" title="Fresh Wharf">Fresh Wharf</a></b> <i>(pictured in the early 1960s)</i> in the <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a> stood on the site of a quay that dated back to Roman <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londinium" title="Londinium">Londinium</a>?</li> <li>... that in 2007, the <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jathedar" title="Jathedar">high priest</a> of <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takht_Sri_Damdama_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Damdama Sahib">Takht Sri Damdama Sahib</a>, <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balwant_Singh_Nandgarh" title="Balwant Singh Nandgarh">Balwant Singh Nandgarh</a></b>, formed a Sikh group called Ek Noor Khalsa Fauj to stop the religious gathering of <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dera_Sacha_Sauda" title="Dera Sacha Sauda">Dera Sacha Sauda</a>?</li> <li>... that a <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiderwoman_Theater" title="Spiderwoman Theater">Spiderwoman Theater</a></b> performance in Italy was cancelled for fear of riots?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niloofar_Rahmani" title="Niloofar Rahmani">Niloofar Rahmani</a></b> is Afghanistan's first female <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-wing_aircraft" title="Fixed-wing aircraft">fixed-wing</a> <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_Air_Force" title="Afghan Air Force">Air Force</a> aviator?</li> <li>... that the Philippine documentary <i><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Live_for_the_Masses" title="To Live for the Masses">To Live for the Masses</a></b></i>, on the life of former president <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a>, was initially given an "XXX" rating by the <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_and_Television_Review_and_Classification_Board" title="Movie and Television Review and Classification Board">MTCRB</a> and was banned from public exhibition?</li> <li>... that the <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_18th_National_Cemetery" title="May 18th National Cemetery">May 18th National Cemetery</a></b> commemorates victims of the <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwangju_Uprising" title="Gwangju Uprising">Gwangju Uprising</a> in Korea?</li> <li>... that just two of <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella_Sierra" title="Stella Sierra">Stella Sierra</a></b>'s many books are said to have confirmed the poet's "place in Panamanian letters"?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaring_Brook_(Hunlock_Creek)" title="Roaring Brook (Hunlock Creek)">Roaring Brook</a></b> flows through Roaring Brook?</li> </ul> <div style="text-align: right;" class="noprint"><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Recent_additions" title="Wikipedia:Recent additions">Archive</a></b> – <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Your_first_article" title="Wikipedia:Your first article">Start a new article</a></b> – <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Did_you_know" title="Template talk:Did you know">Nominate an article</a></b></div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td style="border:1px solid transparent;"></td> <td class="MainPageBG" style="width:45%; border:1px solid #cedff2; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top;"> <table id="mp-right" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="In_the_news">In the news</span></h2> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px;"> <div id="mp-itn"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Benjamin_Netanyahu_2012.jpg" class="image" title="Benjamin Netanyahu"><img alt="Benjamin Netanyahu" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Benjamin_Netanyahu_2012.jpg/77px-Benjamin_Netanyahu_2012.jpg" width="77" height="100" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Benjamin_Netanyahu_2012.jpg/115px-Benjamin_Netanyahu_2012.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Benjamin_Netanyahu_2012.jpg/154px-Benjamin_Netanyahu_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1036" data-file-height="1346"/></a></div> <ul> <li>The ruling party <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a>, led by incumbent <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> <i>(pictured)</i>, <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_legislative_election,_2015" title="Israeli legislative election, 2015">wins</a></b> a <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">plurality</a> in the Israeli <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a>.</li> <li>Gunmen kill twenty-one people during <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardo_National_Museum_attack" title="Bardo National Museum attack">an attack</a></b> at the <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardo_National_Museum" title="Bardo National Museum">Bardo National Museum</a> in <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>.</li> <li>Former <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Maldives" title="President of the Maldives">Maldivian President</a> <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Nasheed" title="Mohamed Nasheed">Mohamed Nasheed</a></b> is convicted of terrorism charges and sentenced to thirteen years in prison.</li> <li>In the <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">South Pacific</a>, <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone_Pam" title="Cyclone Pam">Cyclone Pam</a></b> causes at least twelve deaths, with dozens more reported but unconfirmed.</li> <li>The first successful human <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penis_transplantation" title="Penis transplantation">penis transplant</a></b> is announced by <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellenbosch_University" title="Stellenbosch University">Stellenbosch University</a> in South Africa.</li> <li>German architect <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frei_Otto" title="Frei Otto">Frei Otto</a></b> wins the <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pritzker_Architecture_Prize" title="Pritzker Architecture Prize">Pritzker Prize</a></b> shortly before his death.</li> </ul> <p><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Ongoing</a></b>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant#Timeline_of_recent_events" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a></span><br/> <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaths_in_2015" title="Deaths in 2015">Recent deaths</a></b>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xu_Caihou" title="Xu Caihou">Xu Caihou</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin_Rasputin" title="Valentin Rasputin">Valentin Rasputin</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Pratchett" title="Terry Pratchett">Terry Pratchett</a></span></p> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="On_this_day...">On this day...</span></h2> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;"> <div id="mp-otd"> <p><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a></b>: <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Joseph%27s_Day" title="St Joseph's Day">St Joseph's Day</a></b> (Western Christianity)</p> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em"> <p><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PIA18179_d-Pluto270-Hubble2003-20100204.jpg" class="image" title="Pluto"><img alt="Pluto" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/PIA18179_d-Pluto270-Hubble2003-20100204.jpg/100px-PIA18179_d-Pluto270-Hubble2003-20100204.jpg" width="100" height="100" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/PIA18179_d-Pluto270-Hubble2003-20100204.jpg/150px-PIA18179_d-Pluto270-Hubble2003-20100204.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/PIA18179_d-Pluto270-Hubble2003-20100204.jpg/200px-PIA18179_d-Pluto270-Hubble2003-20100204.jpg 2x" data-file-width="826" data-file-height="826"/></a></p> </div> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1279" title="1279">1279</a> – <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Bing_of_Song" title="Emperor Bing of Song">Emperor Bing</a>, the <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="List of emperors of the Song dynasty">last emperor of the Song dynasty</a></b>, died during the <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Yamen" title="Battle of Yamen">Battle of Yamen</a>, bringing the dynasty to an end after three centuries.</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a> – <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV of Spain</a></b> abdicated in favour of his son, <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII</a>.</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a> – <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a></b> <i>(pictured)</i> was photographed for the first time, 15 years before it was officially discovered by <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clyde_Tombaugh" title="Clyde Tombaugh">Clyde Tombaugh</a> at the <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowell_Observatory" title="Lowell Observatory">Lowell Observatory</a>.</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> – The American <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable television</a> <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_network" title="Television network">network</a> <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></b>, dedicated to airing non-stop coverage of government proceedings and public affairs programming, was launched.</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a> – <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Civil_War" title="Libyan Civil War" class="mw-redirect">Libyan Civil War</a>: The <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Air_Force" title="French Air Force">French Air Force</a> launched <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Harmattan" title="Opération Harmattan">Opération Harmattan</a></b>, beginning <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">foreign military intervention</a> in Libya.</li> </ul> <p>More anniversaries: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a></b> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a></span></p> <div style="text-align: right;" class="noprint"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/March" title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/March">Archive</a></b> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_historical_anniversaries" title="List of historical anniversaries">List of historical anniversaries</a></b></span></div> <div style="text-align: right;"><small>It is now <span class="nowrap">March 19, 2015</span> (<a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>) – <span class="plainlinks" id="purgelink"><span class="nowrap"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=purge">Reload this page</a></span></span></small></div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table id="mp-lower" style="margin:4px 0 0 0; width:100%; background:none; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr> <td class="MainPageBG" style="width:100%; border:1px solid #ddcef2; background:#faf5ff; vertical-align:top; color:#000;"> <table id="mp-bottom" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#faf5ff; color:#000;"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <h2 id="mp-tfp-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#ddcef2; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #afa3bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em"><span class="mw-headline" id="Today.27s_featured_picture">Today's featured picture</span></h2> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color:#000; padding:2px;"> <div id="mp-tfp"> <table style="margin:0 3px 3px; width:100%; text-align:left; background-color:transparent; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tr> <td style="padding:0 0.9em 0 0;"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FEMA_-_44359_-_Oklahoma_tornado_destroyed_home.jpg" class="image" title="Tornado damage"><img alt="Tornado damage" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/FEMA_-_44359_-_Oklahoma_tornado_destroyed_home.jpg/375px-FEMA_-_44359_-_Oklahoma_tornado_destroyed_home.jpg" width="375" height="249" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/FEMA_-_44359_-_Oklahoma_tornado_destroyed_home.jpg/563px-FEMA_-_44359_-_Oklahoma_tornado_destroyed_home.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/FEMA_-_44359_-_Oklahoma_tornado_destroyed_home.jpg/750px-FEMA_-_44359_-_Oklahoma_tornado_destroyed_home.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1993"/></a></td> <td style="padding:0 6px 0 0"> <p><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado_intensity_and_damage" title="Tornado intensity and damage">Tornado damage</a></b> to a house in <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_County" title="Oklahoma County" class="mw-redirect">Oklahoma County</a> from the Moore–Choctaw tornado, one of <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tornadoes_in_the_May_10%E2%80%9313,_2010_tornado_outbreak" title="List of tornadoes in the May 10–13, 2010 tornado outbreak">91 confirmed tornadoes</a> in the <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_10%E2%80%9313,_2010_tornado_outbreak" title="May 10–13, 2010 tornado outbreak">May 10–13, 2010 outbreak</a>. The intensity of tornadoes can be measured using the <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita</a>, <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Fujita_scale" title="Enhanced Fujita scale">Enhanced Fujita</a>, or <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TORRO_scale" title="TORRO scale">TORRO scales</a>, based on the amount of damage and estimated <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_speed" title="Wind speed">wind speeds</a>.</p> <p>The Moore–Choctaw tornado, which killed two people, was initially rated an EF3, indicating significant damage to well-built structures. It was upgraded to an EF4 – capable of leveling even the most robustly built homes – after leveled homes were found in subdivisions that were difficult to access due to damage.</p> <small>Photograph: Win Henderson, <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">FEMA</a></small> <div style="text-align:right;"> <p>Recently featured: <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:POTD/2015-03-18" title="Template:POTD/2015-03-18"><i>The Railway</i></a> – <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:POTD/2015-03-17" title="Template:POTD/2015-03-17"><i>Lymantria dispar dispar</i></a> – <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:POTD/2015-03-16" title="Template:POTD/2015-03-16">Speedball (paintball)</a><br/></p> <div class="noprint"><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Picture_of_the_day/March_2015" title="Wikipedia:Picture of the day/March 2015">Archive</a></b> – <b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Featured pictures">More featured pictures...</a></b></div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <div id="mp-other" style="padding-top:4px; padding-bottom:2px;"> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_areas_of_Wikipedia">Other areas of Wikipedia</span></h2> <ul> <li><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="Wikipedia:Community portal">Community portal</a></b> – Bulletin board, projects, resources and activities covering a wide range of Wikipedia areas.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></b> – Ask questions about using Wikipedia.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Local_Embassy" title="Wikipedia:Local Embassy">Local embassy</a></b> – For Wikipedia-related communication in languages other than English.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desk</a></b> – Serving as virtual librarians, Wikipedia volunteers tackle your questions on a wide range of subjects.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:News" title="Wikipedia:News">Site news</a></b> – Announcements, updates, articles and press releases on Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump" title="Wikipedia:Village pump">Village pump</a></b> – For discussions about Wikipedia itself, including areas for technical issues and policies.</li> </ul> </div> <div id="mp-sister"> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Wikipedia.27s_sister_projects">Wikipedia's sister projects</span></h2> <p>Wikipedia is hosted by the <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>, a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Our_projects" class="extiw" title="wmf:Our projects">projects</a>:</p> <table class="layout plainlinks" style="width:100%; margin:auto; text-align:left; background:transparent;"> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9d/Commons-logo-31px.png" width="31" height="41" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="41"/></a></td> <td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://commons.wikimedia.org/">Commons</a></b><br/> Free media repository</td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" title="MediaWiki"><img alt="MediaWiki" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mediawiki-logo.png/35px-Mediawiki-logo.png" width="35" height="26" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mediawiki-logo.png/53px-Mediawiki-logo.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mediawiki-logo.png/70px-Mediawiki-logo.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="102"/></a></td> <td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://mediawiki.org/">MediaWiki</a></b><br/> Wiki software development</td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Meta-Wiki"><img alt="Meta-Wiki" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Meta-logo-35px.png" width="35" height="35" data-file-width="35" data-file-height="35"/></a></td> <td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://meta.wikimedia.org/">Meta-Wiki</a></b><br/> Wikimedia project coordination</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="Wikibooks"><img alt="Wikibooks" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7f/Wikibooks-logo-35px.png" width="35" height="35" data-file-width="35" data-file-height="35"/></a></td> <td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikibooks.org/">Wikibooks</a></b><br/> Free textbooks and manuals</td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:3px;"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wikidata" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" width="47" height="26" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"/></a></td> <td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://www.wikidata.org/">Wikidata</a></b><br/> Free knowledge base</td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/" title="Wikinews"><img alt="Wikinews" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/60/Wikinews-logo-51px.png" width="51" height="30" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="30"/></a></td> <td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikinews.org/">Wikinews</a></b><br/> Free-content news</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Wikiquote"><img alt="Wikiquote" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/46/Wikiquote-logo-51px.png" width="51" height="41" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="41"/></a></td> <td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikiquote.org/">Wikiquote</a></b><br/> Collection of quotations</td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Wikisource"><img alt="Wikisource" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b6/Wikisource-logo-35px.png" width="35" height="37" data-file-width="35" data-file-height="37"/></a></td> <td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikisource.org/">Wikisource</a></b><br/> Free-content library</td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bf/Wikispecies-logo-35px.png" width="35" height="41" data-file-width="35" data-file-height="41"/></a></td> <td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://species.wikimedia.org/">Wikispecies</a></b><br/> Directory of species</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/" title="Wikiversity"><img alt="Wikiversity" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e3/Wikiversity-logo-41px.png" width="41" height="32" data-file-width="41" data-file-height="32"/></a></td> <td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikiversity.org/">Wikiversity</a></b><br/> Free learning materials and activities</td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" title="Wikivoyage"><img alt="Wikivoyage" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/35px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" width="35" height="35" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/53px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/70px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"/></a></td> <td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikivoyage.org/">Wikivoyage</a></b><br/> Free travel guide</td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Wiktionary"><img alt="Wiktionary" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f2/Wiktionary-logo-51px.png" width="51" height="35" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="35"/></a></td> <td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wiktionary.org/">Wiktionary</a></b><br/> Dictionary and thesaurus</td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="mp-lang"> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Wikipedia_languages">Wikipedia languages</span></h2> <div id="lang" class="nowraplinks nourlexpansion plainlinks"> <p>This Wikipedia is written in <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. Started in 2001<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2001</span>)</span>, it currently contains <a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Statistics" title="Special:Statistics">4,745,853</a> articles. Many other Wikipedias are available; some of the largest are listed below.</p> <ul> <li id="lang-4">More than 1,000,000 articles: <div class="hlist inline"> <ul> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="German (de:)" lang="de" xml:lang="de">Deutsch</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Spanish (es:)" lang="es" xml:lang="es">español</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="French (fr:)" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">français</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Italian (it:)" lang="it" xml:lang="it">italiano</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Dutch (nl:)" lang="nl" xml:lang="nl">Nederlands</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Polish (pl:)" lang="pl" xml:lang="pl">polski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Russian (ru:)" lang="ru" xml:lang="ru">русский</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Swedish (sv:)" lang="sv" xml:lang="sv">svenska</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li id="lang-3">More than 400,000 articles: <div class="hlist inline"> <ul> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Catalan (ca:)" lang="ca" xml:lang="ca">català</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Persian (fa:)" lang="fa" xml:lang="fa">فارسی</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Japanese (ja:)" lang="ja" xml:lang="ja">日本語</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian (bokmål) (no:)" lang="no" xml:lang="no">norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Portuguese (pt:)" lang="pt" xml:lang="pt">português</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Vietnamese (vi:)" lang="vi" xml:lang="vi">Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Ukrainian (uk:)" lang="uk" xml:lang="uk">українська</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Chinese (zh:)" lang="zh" xml:lang="zh">中文</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li id="lang-2">More than 200,000 articles: <div class="hlist inline"> <ul> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Arabic (ar:)" lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">العربية</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Indonesian (id:)" lang="id" xml:lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malay (ms:)" lang="ms" xml:lang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Czech (cs:)" lang="cs" xml:lang="cs">čeština</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Esperanto (eo:)" lang="eo" xml:lang="eo">Esperanto</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Basque (eu:)" lang="eu" xml:lang="eu">euskara</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Korean (ko:)" lang="ko" xml:lang="ko">한국어</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hungarian (hu:)" lang="hu" xml:lang="hu">magyar</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Romanian (ro:)" lang="ro" xml:lang="ro">română</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovak (sk:)" lang="sk" xml:lang="sk">slovenčina</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbian (sr:)" lang="sr" xml:lang="sr">српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbo-Croatian (sh:)" lang="sh" xml:lang="sh">srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Finnish (fi:)" lang="fi" xml:lang="fi">suomi</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Turkish (tr:)" lang="tr" xml:lang="tr">Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li id="lang-1">More than 50,000 articles: <div class="hlist inline"> <ul> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bosnian (bs:)" lang="bs" xml:lang="bs">bosanski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bulgarian (bg:)" lang="bg" xml:lang="bg">български</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Danish (da:)" lang="da" xml:lang="da">dansk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Estonian (et:)" lang="et" xml:lang="et">eesti</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Greek (el:)" lang="el" xml:lang="el">Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Simple English (simple:)" lang="simple" xml:lang="simple">English (simple)</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Galician (gl:)" lang="gl" xml:lang="gl">galego</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hebrew (he:)" lang="he" xml:lang="he">עברית</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Croatian (hr:)" lang="hr" xml:lang="hr">hrvatski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Latvian (lv:)" lang="lv" xml:lang="lv">latviešu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Lithuanian (lt:)" lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">lietuvių</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian Nynorsk (nn:)" lang="nn" xml:lang="nn">norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovenian (sl:)" lang="sl" xml:lang="sl">slovenščina</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Thai (th:)" lang="th" xml:lang="th">ไทย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="metalink" style="text-align:center;" class="plainlinks"><b><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" class="extiw" title="meta:List of Wikipedias">Complete list of Wikipedias</a></b></div> </div>    <noscript><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"/></noscript></div> <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=647785249">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=647785249</a>" </div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden"></div> <div class="visualClear"></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <div id="p-personal" role="navigation" class="" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label"> <h3 id="p-personal-label">Personal tools</h3> <ul> <li id="pt-createaccount"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Main+Page&type=signup" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory">Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Main+Page" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o">Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="left-navigation"> <div id="p-namespaces" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label"> <h3 id="p-namespaces-label">Namespaces</h3> <ul> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><span><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Main Page</a></span></li> <li id="ca-talk"><span><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Main_Page" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></span></li> </ul> </div> <div id="p-variants" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label"> <h3 id="p-variants-label"><span>Variants</span><a href="#"></a></h3> <div class="menu"> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <div id="p-views" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-views-label"> <h3 id="p-views-label">Views</h3> <ul> <li id="ca-view" class="selected"><span><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page">Read</a></span></li> <li id="ca-viewsource"><span><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=edit" title="This page is protected. You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e">View source</a></span></li> <li id="ca-history" class="collapsible"><span><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=history" title="Past versions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></span></li> </ul> </div> <div id="p-cactions" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label"> <h3 id="p-cactions-label"><span>More</span><a href="#"></a></h3> <div class="menu"> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-search" role="search"> <h3> <label for="searchInput">Search</label> </h3> <form action="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php" id="searchform"> <div id="simpleSearch"> <input type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput"/><input type="hidden" value="Special:Search" name="title"/><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search" title="Search Wikipedia for this text" id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton"/><input type="submit" name="go" value="Go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if one exists" id="searchButton" class="searchButton"/> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"><a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page"></a></div> <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-navigation" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label"> <h3 id="p-navigation-label">Navigation</h3> <div class="body"> <ul> <li id="n-mainpage-description"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li> <li id="n-contents"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li> <li id="n-featuredcontent"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Featured_content" title="Featured content – the best of Wikipedia">Featured content</a></li> <li id="n-currentevents"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Find background information on current events">Current events</a></li> <li id="n-randompage"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li> <li id="n-sitesupport"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" title="Support us">Donate to Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="n-shoplink"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://shop.wikimedia.org/" title="Visit the Wikimedia Shop">Wikipedia Shop</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-interaction" aria-labelledby="p-interaction-label"> <h3 id="p-interaction-label">Interaction</h3> <div class="body"> <ul> <li id="n-help"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li> <li id="n-aboutsite"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Find out about Wikipedia">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="n-portal"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things">Community portal</a></li> <li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li> <li id="n-contactpage"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact page</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-tb" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label"> <h3 id="p-tb-label">Tools</h3> <div class="body"> <ul> <li id="t-whatlinkshere"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Main_Page" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li> <li id="t-recentchangeslinked"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Main_Page" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li> <li id="t-upload"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li> <li id="t-specialpages"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li> <li id="t-permalink"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=647785249" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</a></li> <li id="t-info"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li> <li id="t-wikibase"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5296" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> <li id="t-cite"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Main_Page&id=647785249" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-coll-print_export" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label"> <h3 id="p-coll-print_export-label">Print/export</h3> <div class="body"> <ul> <li id="coll-create_a_book"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Main+Page">Create a book</a></li> <li id="coll-download-as-rdf2latex"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=render_article&arttitle=Main+Page&oldid=647785249&writer=rdf2latex">Download as PDF</a></li> <li id="t-print"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-lang" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label"> <h3 id="p-lang-label">Languages</h3> <div class="body"> <ul> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="German" lang="de" hreflang="de">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian (bokmål)" lang="no" hreflang="no">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh">中文</a></li> <li class="uls-p-lang-dummy"><a href="#"></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last modified on 18 February 2015, at 23:52.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="license" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a><a rel="license" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" style="display:none;"></a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" title="wikimedia:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimer"><a href="/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/How_to_contribute">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://wikimediafoundation.org/"><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/images/wikimedia-button.png" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x" width="88" height="31" alt="Wikimedia Foundation"/></a> </li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022/http://www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.25wmf21/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.25wmf21/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319092022im_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.25wmf21/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x" width="88" height="31"/></a> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both"></div> </div> <script>/*<![CDATA[*/window.jQuery && jQuery.ready();/*]]>*/</script><script>if(window.mw){ mw.loader.state({"ext.globalCssJs.site":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","site":"loading","user":"ready","user.groups":"ready"}); }</script> <script>if(window.mw){ mw.loader.load(["mediawiki.action.view.postEdit","mediawiki.user","mediawiki.hidpi","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.searchSuggest","ext.gadget.teahouse","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.featured-articles-links","ext.wikiEditor.init","mmv.bootstrap.autostart","ext.imageMetrics.loader","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.eventLogging.subscriber","ext.wikimediaEvents.statsd","ext.navigationTiming","schema.UniversalLanguageSelector","ext.uls.eventlogger","ext.uls.interlanguage"],null,true); }</script> <script>if(window.mw){ document.write("\u003Cscript src=\"//bits.wikimedia.org/en.wikipedia.org/load.php?debug=false\u0026amp;lang=en\u0026amp;modules=site\u0026amp;only=scripts\u0026amp;skin=vector\u0026amp;*\"\u003E\u003C/script\u003E"); }</script> <script>if(window.mw){ mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":625,"wgHostname":"mw1052"}); }</script> </body> </html>