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id="toc-Cloud_and_local_storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cloud_and_local_storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cloud and local storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cloud_and_local_storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Considerations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Considerations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Considerations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Considerations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Considerations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Considerations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Potential_benefits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potential_benefits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Potential benefits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potential_benefits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Artificial_intelligence_and_Internet_privacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artificial_intelligence_and_Internet_privacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Artificial intelligence and Internet privacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artificial_intelligence_and_Internet_privacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facial_recognition_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facial_recognition_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Facial recognition system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facial_recognition_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Potential_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potential_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Potential concerns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potential_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hacking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hacking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Hacking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hacking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">IP camera</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_kamera" title="IP kamera – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="IP kamera" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="كاميرا آي بي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاميرا آي بي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0mera_IP" title="Càmera IP – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Càmera IP" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_kamera" title="IP kamera – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="IP kamera" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netzwerkkamera" title="Netzwerkkamera – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Netzwerkkamera" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B5rgukaamera" title="Võrgukaamera – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Võrgukaamera" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1mara_IP" title="Cámara IP – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cámara IP" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87" title="دوربین تحت شبکه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوربین تحت شبکه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cam%C3%A9ra_IP" title="Caméra IP – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caméra IP" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A9%94%EB%9D%BC" title="IP 카메라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="IP 카메라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecamera_IP" title="Telecamera IP – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Telecamera IP" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%AA_IP" title="מצלמת IP – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מצלמת IP" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="IP камера – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="IP камера" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_camera" title="IP camera – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="IP camera" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-kamera" title="IP-kamera – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="IP-kamera" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF._%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B1" title="ഐ.പി. ക്യാമറ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഐ.പി. ക്യാമറ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D9%89_%D8%A8%D9%89" title="كاميرا آى بى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاميرا آى بى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-camera" title="IP-camera – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IP-camera" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%A9" title="ネットワークカメラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネットワークカメラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-kamera" title="IP-kamera – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="IP-kamera" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamera_IP" title="Kamera IP – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kamera IP" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camer%C4%83_IP" title="Cameră IP – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cameră IP" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="IP-камера – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="IP-камера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_kamera" title="IP kamera – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="IP kamera" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mre%C5%BEna_kamera" title="Mrežna kamera – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mrežna kamera" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="IP камера – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="IP камера" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_kamera" title="IP kamera – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="IP kamera" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="IP-камера – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="IP-камера" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_camera" title="IP camera – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="IP camera" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E7%9B%A3%E6%8E%A7%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="網路監控攝影機 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="網路監控攝影機" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1427360#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/IP_Code-rated_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="IP Code-rated camera">IP Code-rated camera</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">IP camera</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPCorder_NVR_with_cameras.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/IPCorder_NVR_with_cameras.jpg/250px-IPCorder_NVR_with_cameras.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/IPCorder_NVR_with_cameras.jpg/330px-IPCorder_NVR_with_cameras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/IPCorder_NVR_with_cameras.jpg/500px-IPCorder_NVR_with_cameras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5473" data-file-height="3612" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A variety of IP cameras</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date invented</th><td class="infobox-data">1996<span class="noprint">; 29 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1996</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Invented by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Axis_Communications" title="Axis Communications">Axis Communications</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Local Or Cloud-Based</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Connection</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An <b>Internet Protocol camera</b>, or <b>IP camera</b>, is a type of <a href="/wiki/Digital_video_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital video camera">digital video camera</a> that receives control data and sends image data via an <a href="/wiki/IP_network" class="mw-redirect" title="IP network">IP network</a>. They are commonly used for <a href="/wiki/Surveillance" title="Surveillance">surveillance</a>, but, unlike <a href="/wiki/Analog_television" title="Analog television">analog</a> <a href="/wiki/Closed-circuit_television" title="Closed-circuit television">closed-circuit television</a> (CCTV) cameras, they require no local recording device, only a <a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">local area network</a>. Most IP cameras are <a href="/wiki/Webcam" title="Webcam">webcams</a>, but the term <i>IP camera</i> or <b>netcam</b> usually applies only to those that can be directly accessed over a network connection. </p><p>Some IP cameras require support of a central <a href="/wiki/Network_video_recorder" title="Network video recorder">network video recorder</a> (NVR) to handle the recording, video and alarm management. Others are able to operate in a decentralized manner with no NVR needed, as the camera is able to record directly to any local or remote storage media. The first IP Camera was invented by <a href="/wiki/Axis_Communications" title="Axis Communications">Axis Communications</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1996. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_camera&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first centralized IP camera, the <i>AXIS Neteye 200</i>, was released in 1996 by <a href="/wiki/Axis_Communications" title="Axis Communications">Axis Communications</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the product was advertised to be accessible from anywhere with an internet connection,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the camera was not capable of streaming real-time video, and was limited to returning a single image for each request in the <a href="/wiki/Common_Intermediate_Format" title="Common Intermediate Format">Common Intermediate Format</a> (CIF). This limitation can be attributed to the lack of powerful <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuits</a> capable of handling image processing at the time of release. As a result, the camera was aimed primarily at the tourism industry, and not intended to replace traditional analog CCTV systems.<sup id="cite_ref-pcmag_dec962_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcmag_dec962-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-axisneteye200datasheet2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-axisneteye200datasheet2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first decentralized IP camera was released in 1999 by Mobotix. The camera's <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> system contained video, alarm, and recording management functions. In 2005, the first IP camera with onboard video content analytics (<a href="/wiki/Video_Content_Analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Video Content Analysis">VCA</a>) was released by Intellio. This camera was able to detect a number of different events, such as if an object was stolen, a human crossed a line, a human entered a predefined zone, or if a car moved in the wrong direction.<sup id="cite_ref-unboring_history2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unboring_history2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With advancements in <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud infrastructure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ring_(company)" title="Ring (company)">Ring</a> (owned by Amazon, U.S.), released its first IP Camera doorbell targeted for home use in 2014. The device offered quick setup, cloud-based recording, and motion detection. The device retailed for $199 USD. As of 2021, Ring has sold millions of units. With the success of IP Cameras, other companies such as <a href="/wiki/Google_Nest" title="Google Nest">Nest</a> (owned by Google, U.S.) released similar cloud-based devices.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards">Standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_camera&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Previous generations of analog CCTV cameras use established broadcast television formats (e.g. CIF, <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a>). Since 2000, there has been a shift in the consumer TV business towards <a href="/wiki/High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">high-definition</a> (HD) resolutions (e.g. <a href="/wiki/1080P" class="mw-redirect" title="1080P">1080P</a> (Full-HD), <a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K resolution</a> (Ultra-HD) and <a href="/wiki/16:9" class="mw-redirect" title="16:9">16:9</a> widescreen format).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IP cameras may differ from one another in resolution, features, <a href="/wiki/Video_encoding" class="mw-redirect" title="Video encoding">video encoding</a> schemes, available network protocols, and the API for video management software.<sup id="cite_ref-ifsec_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ifsec-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To address IP video surveillance standardization issues, two industry groups formed in 2008: the Open Network Video Interface Forum (<a href="/wiki/ONVIF" title="ONVIF">ONVIF</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Physical_Security_Interoperability_Alliance" title="Physical Security Interoperability Alliance">Physical Security Interoperability Alliance</a> (PSIA). PSIA was founded by 20 member companies including <a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a>, <a href="/wiki/GE_Security" title="GE Security">GE Security</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a>. ONVIF was founded by <a href="/wiki/Axis_Communications" title="Axis Communications">Axis Communications</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bosch GmbH">Bosch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each group now has numerous additional members, thus cameras and recording hardware that operate under the same standard are compatible with each other.<sup id="cite_ref-ifsec_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ifsec-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_camera&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Network cameras have been developed for both enterprise and consumer use. Consumer IP cameras used for home security typically send live video to a companion app on a user's device. They generally connect to the internet through <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> or an Ethernet cable.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike consumer IP Cameras, enterprise IP Cameras often offer higher video resolution, video analytics, and are mostly accessed through <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Real_time_streaming_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Real time streaming protocol">real time streaming protocol</a> (RTSP). </p><p>IP cameras used to be more common in businesses rather than in homes, but that is no longer the case. A 2016 survey of 2,000 Americans revealed 20% of them owned home security cameras. This crossover to IP cameras in home use is partly due to the device's self-installation. IP cameras typically don't require professional installation saving time for home and business owners.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most popular abilities that consumer-level home security cameras have is to view their footage via a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile app</a>. Many cameras offer features such as a <a href="/wiki/Wide-angle_lens" title="Wide-angle lens">wide-angle lens</a>, low-light or <a href="/wiki/Night_vision" title="Night vision">night vision</a> capabilities, and <a href="/wiki/Motion_detection" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion detection">motion detection</a>. Most are developed to send out notifications via an application such as when motion is detected. Video clips can be stored in a local device such as a <a href="/wiki/Micro-SD" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro-SD">micro-SD card</a> or through <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">a cloud service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The market size of home security systems reached $4.8 billion in 2018. It had a <a href="/wiki/Compound_annual_growth_rate" title="Compound annual growth rate">compound annual growth rate</a> of 22.4% between 2011 and 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People in countries that suffer from high crime rates, particularly robbery and theft, are keen to adopt home security cameras. The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> have a high implementation rate of <a href="/wiki/Residential_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Residential security">residential security</a> cameras.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major key players in the home security market are <a href="/wiki/Google_Nest" title="Google Nest">Nest</a> (owned by Google, US), <a href="/wiki/Ring_(company)" title="Ring (company)">Ring</a> (owned by Amazon, US), and Arlo (owned by <a href="/wiki/Netgear" title="Netgear">Netgear</a>, US). In the alarm security industry key players are <a href="/wiki/ADT_Inc." title="ADT Inc.">ADT</a> (US), <a href="/wiki/Vivint" title="Vivint">Vivint</a> (US), and <a href="/wiki/SimpliSafe" title="SimpliSafe">SimpliSafe</a> (US). The largest IP camera manufacturers are <a href="/wiki/Hikvision" title="Hikvision">Hikvision</a> Digital Technology (China), <a href="/wiki/Axis_Communications" title="Axis Communications">Axis Communications</a> (Sweden), and <a href="/wiki/Dahua_Technology" title="Dahua Technology">Dahua</a> (China).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IP_camera_types">IP camera types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_camera&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: IP camera types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Depending on their functionality, IP cameras are generally classified as fixed, <a href="/wiki/Varifocal" class="mw-redirect" title="Varifocal">varifocal</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Pan%E2%80%93tilt%E2%80%93zoom_camera" title="Pan–tilt–zoom camera">pan–tilt–zoom</a> (PTZ camera). Fixed cameras feature an immobile perspective on the subject, whereas varifocal cameras have the ability to remotely adjust the zoom of the image. In addition, PTZ cameras have the ability to direct the camera assembly in any direction remotely. This can be used to track motion or manually adjust the monitoring area. IP cameras can be designed for indoor or outdoor use. Outdoor cameras are often rated <a href="/wiki/IP65" class="mw-redirect" title="IP65">IP65</a>/IP67 in order to withstand outdoor conditions. </p><p>IP cameras can offer a variety of <a href="/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">digital imaging technologies</a> such as multi-sensor cameras, <a href="/wiki/Panoramic_photography" title="Panoramic photography">panoramic cameras</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thermal_imaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal imaging">thermal imaging</a> cameras.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cloud_and_local_storage">Cloud and local storage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_camera&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cloud and local storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some camera manufacturers offer cloud subscriptions where users may remotely view and download recent video clips by paying recurring subscription fees. Cloud subscription plans typically come with several days of looping storage, and the videos will be overwritten beyond this duration.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some cameras include a micro <a href="/wiki/SD_card" title="SD card">SD card</a> slot so users can store videos locally. Most IP cameras can be programmed to overwrite old video once the storage medium is full. Accessing the video on the camera can normally be done via a direct network connection to the device. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Considerations">Considerations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_camera&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Considerations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Axis_214_PTZ_Camera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Axis_214_PTZ_Camera.jpg/250px-Axis_214_PTZ_Camera.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Axis_214_PTZ_Camera.jpg/330px-Axis_214_PTZ_Camera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Axis_214_PTZ_Camera.jpg/500px-Axis_214_PTZ_Camera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1642" /></a><figcaption>An AXIS 214 PTZ Camera</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Potential_benefits">Potential benefits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_camera&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Potential benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Previous generation cameras transmitted <a href="/wiki/Analog_video" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog video">analog video</a> signals. IP cameras send images digitally using the transmission and security features of the <a href="/wiki/TCP/IP" class="mw-redirect" title="TCP/IP">TCP/IP</a> protocol. Advantages to this approach include: </p> <ul><li>Two-way audio via a single network cable allows users to listen to and speak to the subject of the video (e.g., a clerk assisting a customer through step-by-step instructions)</li> <li>Use of a <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">wireless network</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_artificial_intelligence" title="Distributed artificial intelligence">Distributed artificial intelligence</a> (DAI)—as the camera can contain video analytics that analyze images<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Secure data transmission through encryption and authentication methods such as <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access" title="Wi-Fi Protected Access">WPA</a> or <a href="/wiki/WPA2" class="mw-redirect" title="WPA2">WPA2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temporal_Key_Integrity_Protocol" title="Temporal Key Integrity Protocol">TKIP</a> or <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard" title="Advanced Encryption Standard">AES</a></li> <li>Remote accessibility that lets users view live video from any device with sufficient access privileges<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_over_Ethernet" title="Power over Ethernet">Power over Ethernet</a> (PoE) to supply power through the Ethernet cable and operate without a dedicated power supply</li> <li>Better image resolution, typically four times the resolution of an analog camera<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Artificial_intelligence_and_Internet_privacy">Artificial intelligence and Internet privacy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_camera&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Artificial intelligence and Internet privacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> (ACLU) has expressed privacy concerns if AI is widely practiced. AI is capable of <a href="/wiki/Video_tracking" title="Video tracking">tracking movements</a> and studying behaviors; moreover, AI can also <a href="/wiki/Emotion_recognition" title="Emotion recognition">recognize emotions</a>, and further predict patterns of movement.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Facial_recognition_system">Facial recognition system</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_camera&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Facial recognition system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Facial_recognition_system" title="Facial recognition system">Facial recognition</a> identifies a human face by analyzing facial features from a picture or video, an example of <a href="/wiki/Biometrics" title="Biometrics">biometrics</a>. If a camera allows users to set up a database that includes family members and close friends, the system may distinguish whether someone exists in the database. If the camera is capable of providing accurate facial recognition, it can tell if the person it detects is authorized (in the database). The detection of unauthorized persons may prompt the owner to call law enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The footage can be used as a means of identifying and apprehending offenders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Potential_concerns">Potential concerns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_camera&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Potential concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Concerns include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Privacy" title="Privacy">Privacy</a> concerns<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Average higher purchase cost per camera<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Security can be compromised by insecure credentials, given that the camera can be accessed independently of a video recorder.</li> <li>Public internet connection video can be complicated to set up<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or using the <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> (P2P) network.</li> <li>Data storage capacity concerns<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>High video quality has the potential to overload networks<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hacking">Hacking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_camera&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hacking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If video is transmitted over the public <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a> rather than a private network or <a href="/wiki/Intranet" title="Intranet">intranet</a>, CCTV devices potentially becomes open to a wider audience including <a href="/wiki/Hacker_(computer_security)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacker (computer security)">hackers</a>. Malicious actors can access private CCTV systems to disable, manipulate, or <a href="/wiki/Countersurveillance" title="Countersurveillance">observe security measures</a>– as well as gain further access to the private network it's connected to, often referred to colloquially as <a href="/wiki/Exploit_(computer_security)#Pivoting" title="Exploit (computer security)">pivoting</a>. This risk can be mitigated by securing the network via <a href="/wiki/Firewall_(computing)" title="Firewall (computing)">Firewall</a> rules designed to restrict access to the device, and by keeping <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> and <a href="/wiki/Firmware" title="Firmware">firmware</a> up to date. </p><p>In 2012, users of <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a> hacked into thousands of streaming personal IP cameras by exploiting a vulnerability in some models of <a href="/wiki/TRENDnet" title="TRENDnet">TRENDnet</a> home security cameras.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, it was reported that a <a href="/wiki/Insecam" title="Insecam">Insecam</a> site indexed 73,011 locations worldwide with security cameras that used <a href="/wiki/Default_password" title="Default password">default</a> usernames and passwords, and were therefore, unprotected.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Automated services like <a href="/wiki/Shodan.io" class="mw-redirect" title="Shodan.io">Shodan.io</a> constantly scan residential and commercial IP blocks to automatically detect and catalog open ports and services, including those commonly used for IP cameras.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_camera&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closed-circuit_television_camera" title="Closed-circuit television camera">Closed-circuit television camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashcam" title="Dashcam">Dashcam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_camera" title="Remote camera">Remote camera</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_camera&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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.id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shodan&rft.atitle=Shodan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shodan.io%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIP+camera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_camera&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:IP_cameras" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:IP cameras">IP cameras</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IP_camera&oldid=1284417086">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IP_camera&oldid=1284417086</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Surveillance" title="Category:Surveillance">Surveillance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_Protocol" title="Category:Internet Protocol">Internet Protocol</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_surveillance" title="Category:Video surveillance">Video surveillance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_inventions" title="Category:20th-century inventions">20th-century inventions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_self-published_sources" title="Category:All articles with self-published sources">All articles with self-published sources</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_self-published_sources_from_November_2018" title="Category:Articles with self-published sources from November 2018">Articles with self-published sources from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_March_2025" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from March 2025">Articles with dead external links from March 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 April 2025, at 13:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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