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Albert Richard Smith - Wikipedia
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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English writer and mountaineer (1816– 1860)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Albert Richard Smith</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Smith_Engraving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Albert_Smith_Engraving.jpg/220px-Albert_Smith_Engraving.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Albert_Smith_Engraving.jpg/330px-Albert_Smith_Engraving.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Albert_Smith_Engraving.jpg/440px-Albert_Smith_Engraving.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1086" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Albert Smith engraving from 1858</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Albert Richard Smith</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1816-05-24</span>)</span>24 May 1816<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Chertsey" title="Chertsey">Chertsey</a>, Surrey, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 May 1860<span style="display:none">(1860-05-23)</span> (aged 43)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Fulham" title="Fulham">Fulham</a>, London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Brompton_Cemetery" title="Brompton Cemetery">Brompton Cemetery</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Albert_Richard_Smith&params=51_29_0_N_0_11_21_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°29′0″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°11′21″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.48333°N 0.18917°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.48333; -0.18917</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Author, entertainer, mountaineer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Mary Lucy Keeley (c. 1830–70)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Albert Richard Smith</b> (24 May 1816 – 23 May 1860) was an English author, entertainer, and mountaineer. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Richard_Smith&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literary_career">Literary career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Richard_Smith&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Literary career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Smith was born at <a href="/wiki/Chertsey" title="Chertsey">Chertsey</a>, Surrey.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen2004_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The son of a surgeon, he studied medicine in London and in Paris, and his first literary effort was an account of his life in Paris, which appeared in the <i>Mirror</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911259_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911259-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He gradually abandoned his medical work in favour of writing. Though a journalist rather than a literary figure, he was one of the most popular writers of his time, and a favourite humorist. He was one of the early contributors to <i><a href="/wiki/Punch_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Punch magazine">Punch</a></i> 1842,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was also a regular contributor to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bentley" title="Richard Bentley">Richard Bentley</a>'s <i>Miscellany</i>, in whose pages his first and best book, the novel <i>The Adventures of Mr Ledbury</i>, appeared in 1842. His other novels were <i>The Fortunes of the Scattergood Family</i> (1845), <i>The <a href="/wiki/Madame_de_Brinvilliers" title="Madame de Brinvilliers">Marchioness of Brinvilliers</a>: The Poisoner of the Seventeenth Century</i> (1846), <i>The Struggles and Adventures of Christopher Tadpole</i> (1848), and <i>The Pottleton Legacy: A Story of Town and Country</i> (1849). He also published a novella, <i>The Adventures of Jack Holiday, with Something about His Sister</i> (1844). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Image_taken_from_page_165_of_%27(The_Marchioness_of_Brinvilliers,_the_poisoner_of_the_seventeenth_century._A_romance_of_old_Paris.)%27_(11191080295).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Image_taken_from_page_165_of_%27%28The_Marchioness_of_Brinvilliers%2C_the_poisoner_of_the_seventeenth_century._A_romance_of_old_Paris.%29%27_%2811191080295%29.jpg/170px-Image_taken_from_page_165_of_%27%28The_Marchioness_of_Brinvilliers%2C_the_poisoner_of_the_seventeenth_century._A_romance_of_old_Paris.%29%27_%2811191080295%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Image_taken_from_page_165_of_%27%28The_Marchioness_of_Brinvilliers%2C_the_poisoner_of_the_seventeenth_century._A_romance_of_old_Paris.%29%27_%2811191080295%29.jpg/255px-Image_taken_from_page_165_of_%27%28The_Marchioness_of_Brinvilliers%2C_the_poisoner_of_the_seventeenth_century._A_romance_of_old_Paris.%29%27_%2811191080295%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Image_taken_from_page_165_of_%27%28The_Marchioness_of_Brinvilliers%2C_the_poisoner_of_the_seventeenth_century._A_romance_of_old_Paris.%29%27_%2811191080295%29.jpg/340px-Image_taken_from_page_165_of_%27%28The_Marchioness_of_Brinvilliers%2C_the_poisoner_of_the_seventeenth_century._A_romance_of_old_Paris.%29%27_%2811191080295%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1466" data-file-height="2452" /></a><figcaption><i>The Marchioness of Brinvilliers: The Poisoner of the Seventeenth Century</i>, 1846 novel (1887 edition)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1842 Smith's first play, <i><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Heriot" title="Blanche Heriot">Blanche Heriot</a>, or The Chertsey Curfew</i>, was produced at the <a href="/wiki/Surrey_Theatre" title="Surrey Theatre">Surrey Theatre</a>. In 1843 he published <i>The Wassail-Bowl: A Comic Christmas Sketchbook</i>, which included a short story on the same subject as his play of the year before, "<a href="/wiki/Blanche_Heriot" title="Blanche Heriot">Blanche Heriot</a>: A Legend of Old Chertsey Church". He also wrote a series of so-called natural histories: <i>The Gent</i> (1847), <i>The Ballet Girl</i> (1847), '<i>Stuck-Up' People</i> (1847), <i>The Idler upon Town</i> (1848) and <i>The Flirt</i> (1848). Smith wrote several extravaganzas for the <a href="/wiki/Lyceum_Theatre_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyceum Theatre (London)">Lyceum Theatre</a>, including <i>Aladdin</i> (1844), <i><a href="/wiki/Valentine_and_Orson" title="Valentine and Orson">Valentine and Orson</a></i> (1844) and <i>Whittington and His Cat</i> (1845), and adapted for the same theatre <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cricket_on_the_Hearth" title="The Cricket on the Hearth">The Cricket on the Hearth</a></i> (1845) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Life" title="The Battle of Life">The Battle of Life</a></i> (1846). With <a href="/wiki/Angus_Bethune_Reach" class="mw-redirect" title="Angus Bethune Reach">Angus Bethune Reach</a> he founded and edited a monthly magazine called <i>The Man in the Moon</i>, which ran from January 1847 to June 1849. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Travels_and_mountaineering">Travels and mountaineering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Richard_Smith&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Travels and mountaineering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Richard_Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Albert_Richard_Smith.jpg/200px-Albert_Richard_Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Albert_Richard_Smith.jpg/300px-Albert_Richard_Smith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Albert_Richard_Smith.jpg/400px-Albert_Richard_Smith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Albert Richard Smith in the 1850s.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1849 Smith went on a tour to Constantinople and the Near East. On his return he published <i>A Month at Constantinople</i>, and shortly afterwards he appeared at Willis's Rooms in a public entertainment about his travels called "The Overland Mail", which proved a hit. He mentioned of the city "I had never been so strongly moved before but once - when I looked down upon London, by night, from a balloon".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1851 he ascended <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a>. The year after he published a book about his adventures, <i>The Story of Mont Blanc</i>, and produced at the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Hall" title="Egyptian Hall">Egyptian Hall</a> an entertainment called "Mont Blanc", describing the ascent of the mountain and the Englishman abroad,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911259_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911259-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which became the most popular exhibition of the kind ever known. In May 1854 he gave his performance before <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">Prince Albert</a> at <a href="/wiki/Osborne_House" title="Osborne House">Osborne House</a>. Smith's "Mont Blanc" show ran for 2000 performances over six years and helped to popularize mountain climbing in mid-Victorian Britain. He was one of the founder members of the <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine Club">Alpine Club</a> in 1857. In July 1858 Smith traveled to Hong Kong. On his return he published <i>To China and Back</i> (1859), and in December 1858 he commenced at the Egyptian Hall a third entertainment, called "Mont Blanc to China", which was also very popular. </p><p>In 2019, the QC Terme wellness centre opened a sauna named after Albert Smith<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a tribute to his work in inspiring people to visit Chamonix. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Richard_Smith&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1859 Smith married Mary Lucy Keeley (circa 1830–1870), who had been an actress and was the elder daughter of the comedian <a href="/wiki/Robert_Keeley_(comedian)" title="Robert Keeley (comedian)">Robert Keeley</a> and the distinguished actress <a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_Keeley" title="Mary Anne Keeley">Mary Anne Keeley</a>. In 1860 he died from <a href="/wiki/Bronchitis" title="Bronchitis">bronchitis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fulham" title="Fulham">Fulham</a>, London, and was buried in <a href="/wiki/Brompton_Cemetery" title="Brompton Cemetery">Brompton Cemetery</a>. Smith received great help from his brother, Arthur W.W. Smith (1825–1861), who had also been educated in medicine and who managed the entertainments at the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Hall" title="Egyptian Hall">Egyptian Hall</a> from 1852 to 1860. Arthur also planned <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>'s readings in 1858, and made arrangements for a second series, but died before they were completed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911259_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911259-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Richard_Smith&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen2004-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen2004_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHansen2004">Hansen 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911259-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911259_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911259_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911259_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Concise Dictionary of National Biography, part 1, from the beginnings to 1900, being an Epitome of the main work and its supplement (1906) by George Smith page 1211</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBoyarFleet2010" class="citation book cs1">Boyar, Ebru; Fleet, Kate (2010). <i><a href="/wiki/A_Social_History_Of_Ottoman_Istanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="A Social History Of Ottoman Istanbul">A Social History Of Ottoman Istanbul</a></i>. p. 210.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Social+History+Of+Ottoman+Istanbul&rft.pages=210&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Boyar&rft.aufirst=Ebru&rft.au=Fleet%2C+Kate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Richard+Smith" class="Z3988"></span> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/a-social-hisotry-of-ottoman-istanbul-ebru-boyar-and-kate-fleet">Read online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skiweekend.com/blog/new-sauna-for-qc-terme-in-chamonix">"New Sauna for QC Terme in Chamonix"</a>. <i>skiweekend.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=skiweekend.com&rft.atitle=New+Sauna+for+QC+Terme+in+Chamonix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skiweekend.com%2Fblog%2Fnew-sauna-for-qc-terme-in-chamonix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Richard+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Richard_Smith&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hansen, Peter H. (2004). "Smith, Albert Richard (1816–1860)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F25768">10.1093/ref:odnb/25768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Smith%2C+Albert+Richard+%281816%E2%80%931860%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F25768&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Peter+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Richard+Smith" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span> The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Smith, Albert Richard"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Smith,_Albert_Richard">"Smith, Albert Richard" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Smith%2C+Albert+Richard&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1885%2F1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Richard+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Attribution</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Smith,_Albert_Richard" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Smith, Albert Richard">Smith, Albert Richard</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 259.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Smith%2C+Albert+Richard&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=259&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Richard+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Richard_Smith&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBevin2010" class="citation book cs1">Bevin, Darren (2010). <i>Cultural Climbs: John Ruskin, Albert Smith and the Alpine Aesthetic</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+Climbs%3A+John+Ruskin%2C+Albert+Smith+and+the+Alpine+Aesthetic&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Bevin&rft.aufirst=Darren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Richard+Smith" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (January 2013)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCousin1910" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Cousin" title="John William Cousin">Cousin, John William</a> (1910), "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Short_Biographical_Dictionary_of_English_Literature/Smith,_Albert" class="extiw" title="s:A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Smith, Albert">Smith, Albert</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/A_Short_Biographical_Dictionary_of_English_Literature" title="A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature">A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature</a></i>, London: J. M. Dent & Sons – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Smith%2C+Albert&rft.btitle=A+Short+Biographical+Dictionary+of+English+Literature&rft.place=London&rft.pub=J.+M.+Dent+%26amp%3B+Sons&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Cousin&rft.aufirst=John+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Richard+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodman1895" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Goodman_(artist)" title="Walter Goodman (artist)">Goodman, Walter</a> (1895). "Chapter XVII: Albert Smith". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/keeleysonstageat00goodrich"><i>The Keeleys on Stage and at Home</i></a>. London: Richard Bentley and Son. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/keeleysonstageat00goodrich/page/224">224</a>–234.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+XVII%3A+Albert+Smith&rft.btitle=The+Keeleys+on+Stage+and+at+Home&rft.place=London&rft.pages=224-234&rft.pub=Richard+Bentley+and+Son&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkeeleysonstageat00goodrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Richard+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming2000" class="citation book cs1">Fleming, Fergus (2000). "Chapter XII". <i>Killing Dragons:The Conquest of the Alps</i>. New York: Grove Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+XII&rft.btitle=Killing+Dragons%3AThe+Conquest+of+the+Alps&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Fergus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Richard+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Richard_Smith&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Albert_Richard_Smith" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Albert Richard Smith">Albert Richard Smith</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1845" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Albert (1845). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/fortunesofscatte01smit#page/n5/mode/2up"><i>The Fortunes of the Scattergood Family, Vol. 1</i></a>. London, UK: Richard Bentley, New Burlington Street.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fortunes+of+the+Scattergood+Family%2C+Vol.+1&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Richard+Bentley%2C+New+Burlington+Street&rft.date=1845&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Ffortunesofscatte01smit%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Richard+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1847" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Albert (1847). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66323"><i>The Natural History of the Gent</i></a>. London, UK: D. Bogue, Fleet Street.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Natural+History+of+the+Gent&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=D.+Bogue%2C+Fleet+Street&rft.date=1847&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F66323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Richard+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1848" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Albert (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/strugglesandadv00smitgoog#page/n10/mode/2up"><i>The Struggles and Adventures of Christopher Tadpole at Home and Abroad</i></a>. London, UK: Richard Bentley, New Burlington Street.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Struggles+and+Adventures+of+Christopher+Tadpole+at+Home+and+Abroad&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Richard+Bentley%2C+New+Burlington+Street&rft.date=1848&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fstrugglesandadv00smitgoog%23page%2Fn10%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Richard+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1848" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Albert (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryi00smitgoog"><i>The Natural History of the Idler Upon Town</i></a>. London, UK: D. Bogue, Fleet Street.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Natural+History+of+the+Idler+Upon+Town&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=D.+Bogue%2C+Fleet+Street&rft.date=1848&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnaturalhistoryi00smitgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Richard+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1853" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Albert (1853). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/storymontblanc00smitgoog#page/n8/mode/2up"><i>The Story of Mont Blanc</i></a>. New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Mont+Blanc&rft.place=New+York%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=G.+P.+Putnam+%26+Co.&rft.date=1853&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fstorymontblanc00smitgoog%23page%2Fn8%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Richard+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithSmith1861" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Albert Richard; Smith, Arthur, ed (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/11305386.2800.emory.edu"><i>The London Medical Student</i></a>. London: Routledge, Warne, and Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+London+Medical+Student&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge%2C+Warne%2C+and+Routledge&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Albert+Richard&rft.au=Smith%2C+Arthur%2C+ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F11305386.2800.emory.edu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Richard+Smith" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first2=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYates1871" class="citation web cs1">Yates, Edmund (1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bH0BAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR7">"Albert Smith in Memoriam"</a>. <i>Mont Blanc by Albert Smith</i>. London: Ward, Lock and Tyler.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mont+Blanc+by+Albert+Smith&rft.atitle=Albert+Smith+in+Memoriam&rft.date=1871&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbH0BAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPR7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Richard+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/49224">Works by Albert Richard Smith</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4711104#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000116493602">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/56971644">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/109007/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyt4fkDGyvJBpMvtVVjYP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/138687765">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83021559">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36558011">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0134286&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p241431905">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=118379">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/97mqzz7t17fnlx7">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/261852">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007299037805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14165665">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05497201?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/169488">Photographers' Identities</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1291439">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/078017777">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6k65d2x">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐7556f8b5dd‐j5lmw Cached time: 20241122232539 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.739 seconds Real time usage: 0.977 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4055/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 66229/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5142/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 49680/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.493/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 9707657/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 911.113 1 -total 23.85% 217.291 1 Template:Infobox_person 16.32% 148.695 10 Template:Cite_book 15.44% 140.702 1 Template:Reflist 11.02% 100.405 1 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