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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-最初構想" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#最初構想"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>最初構想</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-最初構想-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-實踐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#實踐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>實踐</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-實踐-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关實踐子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-實踐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-俄羅斯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#俄羅斯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>俄羅斯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-俄羅斯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-美國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>美國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>中國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-伊朗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#伊朗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>伊朗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-伊朗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">高超音速</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。37种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B7_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سرعة فرط صوتية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سرعة فرط صوتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocid%C3%A1_hipers%C3%B3nica" title="Velocidá hipersónica – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Velocidá hipersónica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipersonik" title="Hipersonik – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hipersonik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocitat_hipers%C3%B2nica" title="Velocitat hipersònica – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Velocitat hipersònica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="خێراییی ھایپەرسۆنیک – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خێراییی ھایپەرسۆنیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersonika" title="Hypersonika – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hypersonika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%85%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Гиперсоник хăвăртлăх – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гиперсоник хăвăртлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersonisk_hastighed" title="Hypersonisk hastighed – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hypersonisk hastighed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperschallgeschwindigkeit" title="Hyperschallgeschwindigkeit – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hyperschallgeschwindigkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersonic_speed" title="Hypersonic speed – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hypersonic speed" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocidad_hipers%C3%B3nica" title="Velocidad hipersónica – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Velocidad hipersónica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCperhelikiirus" title="Hüperhelikiirus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hüperhelikiirus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%AA_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="سرعت هایپرسونیک – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرعت هایپرسونیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersonique" title="Hypersonique – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hypersonique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%90-%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מהירות שגא-קולית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מהירות שגא-קולית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="हाइपरसॉनिक – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हाइपरसॉनिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperszonikus_%C3%A1raml%C3%A1s" title="Hiperszonikus áramlás – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hiperszonikus áramlás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecepatan_hipersonik" title="Kecepatan hipersonik – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kecepatan hipersonik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regime_ipersonico" title="Regime ipersonico – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regime ipersonico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F" title="極超音速 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="極超音速" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Гипердыбыстық жылдамдық – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гипердыбыстық жылдамдық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B9%EC%B4%88%EC%9D%8C%EC%86%8D" title="극초음속 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="극초음속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laju_hipersonik" title="Laju hipersonik – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Laju hipersonik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersonische_snelheid" title="Hypersonische snelheid – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hypersonische snelheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersonisk" title="Hypersonisk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hypersonisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipersonic" title="Ipersonic – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ipersonic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C4%99dko%C5%9B%C4%87_hipersoniczna" title="Prędkość hipersoniczna – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prędkość hipersoniczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escoamento_hipers%C3%B4nico" title="Escoamento hipersônico – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Escoamento hipersônico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Гиперзвуковая скорость – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гиперзвуковая скорость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersonic_speed" title="Hypersonic speed – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hypersonic speed" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shpejt%C3%ABsia_hipersonike" title="Shpejtësia hipersonike – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shpejtësia hipersonike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersonisk" title="Hypersonisk – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hypersonisk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அதிமீயொலிவேகம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அதிமீயொலிவேகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82" title="హైపర్ సోనిక్ వేగం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హైపర్ సోనిక్ వేగం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="อัตราเร็วไฮเปอร์โซนิก – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัตราเร็วไฮเปอร์โซนิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipersonik" title="Hipersonik – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hipersonik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Гіперзвукова швидкість – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гіперзвукова швидкість" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F" title="Talk:高超音速">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972" /><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" 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class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972" /><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可能包含<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia:非原创研究">原创研究</a>。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年3月14日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充参考资料、添加<a href="/wiki/Template:Original_research_inline" title="Template:Original research inline">相关内联标签</a>和删除原创研究内容以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。详细情况请参见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F" title="Talk:高超音速">讨论页</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-52608747" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-title" data-noteta-code="zh-hans:超高音速; zh-hant:極音速;"></div><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Aero"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:超高音速; zh-hant:極音速;"></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:X-43A_(Hyper_-_X)_Mach_7_computational_fluid_dynamic_(CFD).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/X-43A_%28Hyper_-_X%29_Mach_7_computational_fluid_dynamic_%28CFD%29.jpg/220px-X-43A_%28Hyper_-_X%29_Mach_7_computational_fluid_dynamic_%28CFD%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/X-43A_%28Hyper_-_X%29_Mach_7_computational_fluid_dynamic_%28CFD%29.jpg/330px-X-43A_%28Hyper_-_X%29_Mach_7_computational_fluid_dynamic_%28CFD%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/X-43A_%28Hyper_-_X%29_Mach_7_computational_fluid_dynamic_%28CFD%29.jpg/440px-X-43A_%28Hyper_-_X%29_Mach_7_computational_fluid_dynamic_%28CFD%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3030" data-file-height="1950" /></a><figcaption>美國<a href="/wiki/X-43A%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="X-43A試驗機">X-43A試驗機</a>於7馬赫速度之下的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%B5%81%E9%AB%94%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="計算流體力學">計算流體力學</a>（CFD）模擬圖。</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ScramjetDiagram.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/ScramjetDiagram.gif/220px-ScramjetDiagram.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/ScramjetDiagram.gif/330px-ScramjetDiagram.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/ScramjetDiagram.gif/440px-ScramjetDiagram.gif 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="252" /></a><figcaption>超聲速氣流進入引擎被加速至超高音速的概念圖</figcaption></figure> <p><b>超高音速</b>（hypersonic，亦稱<b>极音速</b>），正統叫法為高音速，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="空氣動力學">空氣動力學</a>名詞，意指速度較<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F" title="超音速">超音速</a>還高出許多的狀態。在1970年代，這個詞通常指5<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%B5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="馬赫">馬赫</a>（5倍音速，约1700m/s）或更高的速度。超高音速流態（hypersonic regime）是超音速流態的分支。 </p><p>超音速氣流與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="亞音速">亞音速</a>氣流性質迥異。當一飛行器加速到超音速，路徑中幾乎所有的空氣特性劇烈地改變。不過儘管有如此明顯的界線，對於「超音速」的定義仍有一些爭議。其中一個定義是整架飛行器各部份速度皆在1馬赫或之上。更技術性地定義指出：整架飛行器周遭的所有氣流速度皆是超音速才能稱作是超音速，這樣的情形對尋常設計的飛行器來說，通常是出現在1.2馬赫上下。0.8到1.2馬赫的範圍因此稱作<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F" title="跨音速">跨音速</a>。 </p><p>考慮到連超音速的簡單定義都有爭議，就不會對「定義超高音速是更加困難」這件事感到意外，因為成為「超高音速」並不會有任何氣流的物理性質改變。一般來說，在5馬赫附近，一些效應的組合整體來說變得重要。超高音速流態常定義為<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9D%E5%A3%93%E7%99%BC%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="衝壓發動機">衝壓發動機</a>（ramjet）無法產生淨推力的速度。這是一個模糊的定義，因為存在有一些改裝提議，使得噴射引擎在這樣的速度範圍仍可操作，例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7%E5%86%B2%E5%8E%8B%E5%8F%91%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="超音速燃烧冲压发动机">超音速燃燒衝壓發動機</a>（Scramjet）。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="最初構想"><span id=".E6.9C.80.E5.88.9D.E6.A7.8B.E6.83.B3"></span>最初構想</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：最初構想"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>几乎所有现代军事武器都可以在已经尘埃落定的第二次世界大战中找到其始祖，高超声速武器也不例外——高超声速滑翔概念的最初源头甚至还要更早一些。 </p><p>在两次世界大战期间，纳粹德国在佩内明德测试新型大炮，这其中就包括一系列大口径远程列车炮。当时德国对用次口径炮弹提高射程很感兴趣，于是就用列车炮进行试验，结果有了意外的发现。当从海拔较高的地点发射这种长杆炮弹时，一樣的砲彈和裝藥，它的射程会比在低海拔地点发射远得多。在排除高海拔地区空气稀薄、阻力小等因素影响后，发现射程仍要远出不少。于是，德国科学家们大胆推测，长杆炮弹在飞行中段具备一定的“攻角”即炮弹几何中心线和炮弹飞行方向的角度，使其在高速飞行时具备较高的升阻比，因此在特定密度的大气中可以滑翔很远的距离。 </p><p>这个原理激发了火箭专家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桑格尔（页面不存在）">桑格尔</a>的灵感，他在1940年为了满足希特勒“跨过大西洋轰炸美国”的设想，设计了一种惊世骇俗的先进飞行器。这就是“银鸟”空天轰炸机，这架轰炸机采用火箭发射升空，在达到极高的速度后，以特定角度撞向大气层，在大气层中滑翔，就像巨炮所发射的那些炮弹一样。這就有如在大氣上衝浪，如果速度、角度合适，那么飞机会被几次反弹抛出大气层，然后再重新落入大气层。在飞到美国上空后就投掷炸弹轰炸目标，然后继续飞行，着陆在日本控制的太平洋岛屿上。 </p><p>1948年，有一个人在研究了缴获的德国技术资料后，提出了一个新设想。他就是当时还是美国陆军上校的<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E5%AD%A6%E6%A3%AE" title="钱学森">钱学森</a>。他的方案与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桑格尔（页面不存在）">桑格尔</a>不同，认为只要有足够先进的热防护技术，就能让飞行器在特定的高度层以高超音速持续滑翔飞行。除了热防护，这种飞行方式也需要飞行器具有更好的高速<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%87%E9%98%BB%E6%AF%94" title="升阻比">升阻比</a>特性。他所提出的弹道，被人们称为“钱学森弹道”（也叫“助推-滑翔”弹道），按照他的理论计算，采用这种方式可以将弹道导弹的射程提高一倍。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="實踐"><span id=".E5.AF.A6.E8.B8.90"></span>實踐</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：實踐"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_Hypersonic_Gliding_Vehicle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Chinese_Hypersonic_Gliding_Vehicle.jpg/220px-Chinese_Hypersonic_Gliding_Vehicle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Chinese_Hypersonic_Gliding_Vehicle.jpg/330px-Chinese_Hypersonic_Gliding_Vehicle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Chinese_Hypersonic_Gliding_Vehicle.jpg/440px-Chinese_Hypersonic_Gliding_Vehicle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="高超音速武器">高超音速武器</a></figcaption></figure> <p>在21世紀前十年後世界軍事強國紛紛研發<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="高超音速武器">高超音速武器</a>作為戰略威攝，由於此種武器可以讓高價部署的反飛彈防禦網形同失效，或是用以攻擊該防禦網設施，讓後續傳統導彈發揮戰力。目前達到<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C" title="高超音速飛行">高超音速的飛行</a>方法有三種，三種都是無人飛行器，因為攜帶支援人類生存的駕駛艙太大太重超過目前科技；人體也無法承受其飛行過程。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%88%E9%81%93%E9%A3%9B%E5%BD%88" class="mw-redirect" title="彈道飛彈">彈道飛彈</a>的彈頭飛具，經設計後能在最後重返下落階段達到高超音速。</li> <li>使用<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7%E5%86%B2%E5%8E%8B%E5%8F%91%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="超音速燃烧冲压发动机">超音速燃燒衝壓發動機</a>的無人飛行器。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>航行在太空的無人<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A2%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="太空梭">太空梭</a>，除在太空軌道時相對地面運動速度可視為高超音速，重返下落階段也有可能。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="俄羅斯"><span id=".E4.BF.84.E7.BE.85.E6.96.AF"></span>俄羅斯</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：俄羅斯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2019年12月，俄羅斯宣布首款「先锋」（Avangard）极音速飞弹开始服役，成为世界上第一个宣称有可操作极音速武器的国家<sup id="cite_ref-rfi_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="美國"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E5.9C.8B"></span>美國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：美國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>目前在三個領域研發有較公開資料 </p> <ul><li>第一項彈道飛彈技術較簡單美中俄三國皆已有成功作品，早期美國<a href="/wiki/X-43" class="mw-redirect" title="X-43">X-43</a>實驗體已經達成。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>第二項美國採用<a href="/wiki/X-51" class="mw-redirect" title="X-51">X-51</a>驗證目前失敗率極高，最長的一次超燃機只點火了5分鐘。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>第三項則是無人太空梭<a href="/wiki/X-37" class="mw-redirect" title="X-37">X-37</a>B於2012-14年間環繞軌道兩年試飛，但重返大氣時不是高超音速目前只能視為無人<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A2%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="太空梭">太空梭</a>。</li></ul> <p>2020年3月20日，美国成功测试一款未搭载武器的极音速飞弹原型<sup id="cite_ref-rfi_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中國"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B"></span>中國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：中國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>同時中國研發成果也長期受到國際關注，首先<a href="/wiki/WU-14" class="mw-redirect" title="WU-14">WU-14</a>彈頭的出現表示解放軍已經完成彈道飛彈方案的實踐，同時少量曝光的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%BE%8D%E7%A9%BA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="神龍空天飛機">神龍空天飛機</a>表示另一方案也在進行，該裝置首次曝光是掛載於轟六轟炸機下方而非裝於運載火箭上，表示可能是超燃機方案而非太空梭方案，但其外型又類似X-37而非X-51所以引起不少疑問。而2015年10月<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%B0%E7%BA%AA%E5%AE%9E%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="上海电视台纪实频道">上海电视台纪实频道</a>的軍事節目專題報導披露一則怪異報導，表示9月中一架特殊的國產<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97%E6%A9%9F" title="試驗機">試驗機</a>完成試飛，該飛機「剖面特殊、飛行方式獨特、飛行速度高度遠超史上所有試飛機型」之後成功降落，試飛中心一陣歡呼。該報導早先是以文字平面方式公開，上海电视台該期談話節目則以引用該報導的方式展開討論，先前此消息傳出國際上就有美俄專家存疑因為若有一種非彈道飛行器能在大氣中飛行，不論自力起飛或轟炸機攜帶，之後可控下達成高超音速再成功減速降落機場，無疑是遠超過這時代的科技。該期節目中的航太專家以個人非官方看法表示這飛機應該就是神龍計劃的後續機型，同時他突然意外表示其實中國對高超音速有一套自己的心得<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，北京航空航天大學有一教授曾發表過「沙丘助渦」的獨特空氣動力論文，可以操縱亞音速氣旋阻擋高超音速氣旋解決點火問題。 </p><p>2019年10月，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%86%E7%A5%9D%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%88%90%E7%AB%8B70%E5%91%A8%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A#阅兵式" title="庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年大会">中華人民共和國建國70周年阅兵式</a>上，中国人民解放军展示了东风17型高超音速滑翔载具<sup id="cite_ref-rfi_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="伊朗"><span id=".E4.BC.8A.E6.9C.97"></span>伊朗</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：伊朗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>据伊朗媒体2023年6月6日报道，伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队航空航天部队公布其自主研发的首款高超音速弹道导弹“法塔赫”。   伊朗媒体称，该导弹最大射程达到1400公里，速度至少为13马赫，能够穿过任何防空系统。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guancha.cn/XiYaZhou/2015_06_16_323520.shtml">觀察者網-高音速之謎</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-06-19</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150619112422/http://www.guancha.cn/XiYaZhou/2015_06_16_323520.shtml">存档</a>于2015-06-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F&rft.btitle=%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F%E8%80%85%E7%B6%B2-%E9%AB%98%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F%E4%B9%8B%E8%AC%8E&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guancha.cn%2FXiYaZhou%2F2015_06_16_323520.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfi-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfi_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfi_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfi_2-2"><sup><b>2.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfi.fr/cn/contenu/20200321-%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A5%8B%E8%B5%B7%E7%9B%B4%E8%BF%BD%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%84-%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E6%9E%81%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F%E9%A3%9E%E5%BC%B9%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F">美国奋起直追中俄测试极音速飞弹成功</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-03-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200321204949/http://www.rfi.fr/cn/contenu/20200321-%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A5%8B%E8%B5%B7%E7%9B%B4%E8%BF%BD%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%84-%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E6%9E%81%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F%E9%A3%9E%E5%BC%B9%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F">存档</a>于2020-03-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F&rft.btitle=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A5%8B%E8%B5%B7%E7%9B%B4%E8%BF%BD%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%84+%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E6%9E%81%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F%E9%A3%9E%E5%BC%B9%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Fcn%2Fcontenu%2F20200321-%25E7%25BE%258E%25E5%259B%25BD%25E5%25A5%258B%25E8%25B5%25B7%25E7%259B%25B4%25E8%25BF%25BD%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E4%25BF%2584-%25E6%25B5%258B%25E8%25AF%2595%25E6%259E%2581%25E9%259F%25B3%25E9%2580%259F%25E9%25A3%259E%25E5%25BC%25B9%25E6%2588%2590%25E5%258A%259F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boeing.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=20295&item=128669">Boeing X-51A WaveRider Sets</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-10-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052913/http://boeing.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=20295&item=128669">存档</a>于2016-03-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F&rft.btitle=Boeing+X-51A+WaveRider+Sets&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboeing.mediaroom.com%2Findex.php%3Fs%3D20295%26item%3D128669&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Anderson, John. Hypersonic and High-Temperature Gas Dynamics Second Edition. AIAA Education Series. 2006. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-56347-780-7" title="Special:网络书源/1-56347-780-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1-56347-780-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.btitle=Hypersonic+and+High-Temperature+Gas+Dynamics+Second+Edition&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-56347-780-7&rft.pub=AIAA+Education+Series&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171231003548/http://www.guancha.cn/military-affairs/2015_09_18_334815.shtml">上海电视台-中國神秘飛機</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-12-30</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guancha.cn/military-affairs/2015_09_18_334815.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2017-12-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%B0-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guancha.cn%2Fmilitary-affairs%2F2015_09_18_334815.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">www.irna.ir <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irna.ir/news/85132951/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AA%D9%84-%D8%A2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88">https://www.irna.ir/news/85132951/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AA%D9%84-%D8%A2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-06-07</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.irna.ir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irna.ir%2Fnews%2F85132951%2F%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA-%25DA%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2-%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C-%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D8%25B4%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C-%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D9%2587%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A8%25D9%2587-%25D8%25AA%25D9%2584-%25D8%25A2%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2588&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">缺少或<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code>为空 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#citation_missing_title" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/news/577604-iran-hypersonic-missile-breakthrough/">Iran claims hypersonic breakthrough</a>. RT International. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-06-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607063324/https://www.rt.com/news/577604-iran-hypersonic-missile-breakthrough/">存档</a>于2023-06-07） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F&rft.atitle=Iran+claims+hypersonic+breakthrough&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RT+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rt.com%2Fnews%2F577604-iran-hypersonic-missile-breakthrough%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hypersonics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hypersonics"><span style="font-weight:bold;">高超音速</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160412050110/http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/BGH/index.html">NASA's Guide to Hypersonics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121011210111/http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/hypersonics">Hypersonics Group at Imperial College</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mech.uq.edu.au/hyper/">University of Queensland Centre for Hypersonics</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20131104113433/http://www.mech.uq.edu.au/hyper/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seit.unsw.adfa.edu.au/research/activity.php?activity_id=42">High Speed Flow Group at University of New South Wales</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20151026201851/http://seit.unsw.adfa.edu.au/research/activity.php?activity_id=42">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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