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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div 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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kotlina Fergańska</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 68 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9" title="وادي فرغانة – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وادي فرغانة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%99rqan%C9%99_vadisi" title="Fərqanə vadisi – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fərqanə vadisi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%93%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99_%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Фирғәнә үҙәне – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Фирғәнә үҙәне" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ферганская даліна – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ферганская даліна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ферганска котловина – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ферганска котловина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferganska_dolina" title="Ferganska dolina – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ferganska dolina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vall_de_Fergan%C3%A0" title="Vall de Ferganà – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vall de Ferganà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergana_Valley" title="Fergana Valley – cebuański" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Fergana Valley" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergansk%C3%A1_kotlina" title="Ferganská kotlina – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ferganská kotlina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferganadalen" title="Ferganadalen – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ferganadalen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferghanatal" title="Ferghanatal – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ferghanatal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergana_org" title="Fergana org – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fergana org" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergana_Valley" title="Fergana Valley – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fergana Valley" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valle_de_Fergan%C3%A1" title="Valle de Ferganá – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Valle de Ferganá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergana_valo" title="Fergana valo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fergana valo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferganako_harana" title="Ferganako harana – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ferganako harana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="دره فرغانه – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دره فرغانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e_de_Ferghana" title="Vallée de Ferghana – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vallée de Ferghana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EA%B0%80%EB%82%98_%EB%B6%84%EC%A7%80" title="페르가나 분지 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페르가나 분지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%BF" title="Ֆերգանայի հովիտ – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆերգանայի հովիտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="फ़रग़ना वादी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़रग़ना वादी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferganski_do%C5%82" title="Ferganski doł – górnołużycki" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ferganski doł" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="górnołużycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferganska_dolina" title="Ferganska dolina – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ferganska dolina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lembah_Fergana" title="Lembah Fergana – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lembah Fergana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D1%82%C3%A6%D1%80%D1%84" title="Ферганайы тæрф – osetyjski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ферганайы тæрф" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valle_di_Fergana" title="Valle di Fergana – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Valle di Fergana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A7_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%94" title="עמק פרגנה – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עמק פרגנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ფერღანის ხეობა – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფერღანის ხეობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D2%A3%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Ферғана аңғары – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ферғана аңғары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonde_la_Fergana" title="Bonde la Fergana – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bonde la Fergana" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D3%A9%D0%BD%D2%AF" title="Фергана өрөөнү – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фергана өрөөнү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallis_Ferganica" title="Vallis Ferganica – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vallis Ferganica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferg%C4%81nas_ieleja" title="Fergānas ieleja – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fergānas ieleja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferganadall" title="Ferganadall – luksemburski" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ferganadall" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferganos_sl%C4%97nis" title="Ferganos slėnis – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ferganos slėnis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferganai-medence" title="Ferganai-medence – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ferganai-medence" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF" title="ഫെർ‌ഗാന വാലി – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫെർ‌ഗാന വാലി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lembah_Fergana" title="Lembah Fergana – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lembah Fergana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ферганы хөндий – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ферганы хөндий" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallei_van_Fergana" title="Vallei van Fergana – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vallei van Fergana" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%8A%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="フェルガナ盆地 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フェルガナ盆地" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferganadalen" title="Ferganadalen – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ferganadalen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farg%CA%BBona_vodiysi" title="Fargʻona vodiysi – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fargʻona vodiysi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80" title="ਫ਼ਰਗਨਾ ਵਾਦੀ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਰਗਨਾ ਵਾਦੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="وادی فرغانا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وادی فرغانا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vale_de_Fergana" title="Vale de Fergana – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vale de Fergana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valea_Fergana" title="Valea Fergana – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Valea Fergana" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ферганская долина – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ферганская долина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Фергана хотооло – jakucki" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Фергана хотооло" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakucki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergansk%C3%A1_kotlina" title="Ferganská kotlina – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ferganská kotlina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferganska_dolina" title="Ferganska dolina – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ferganska dolina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ферганска долина – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ферганска долина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferganska_dolina" title="Ferganska dolina – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ferganska dolina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergananlaakso" title="Fergananlaakso – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fergananlaakso" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferganadalen" title="Ferganadalen – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ferganadalen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambak_ng_Fergana" title="Lambak ng Fergana – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lambak ng Fergana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="பெர்கானாப் பள்ளத்தாக்கு – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெர்கானாப் பள்ளத்தாக்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A4r%C4%9F%C3%A4n%C3%A4_%C3%BCz%C3%A4ne" title="Färğänä üzäne – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Färğänä üzäne" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AF" title="ఫెర్గనా లోయ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫెర్గనా లోయ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%86%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="หุบเขาฟาร์ฆอนา – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หุบเขาฟาร์ฆอนา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Водии Фарғона – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Водии Фарғона" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergana_Vadisi" title="Fergana Vadisi – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fergana Vadisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ферганська долина – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ферганська долина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A6_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%81" title="وادئ فرغانہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وادئ فرغانہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95_%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82%D9%89" title="فەرغانە ئويمانلىقى – ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="فەرغانە ئويمانلىقى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%93n_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba_Fergana" title="Bồn địa Fergana – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bồn địa Fergana" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E7%BA%B3%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="费尔干纳盆地 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="费尔干纳盆地" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E7%BA%B3%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="费尔干纳盆地 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="费尔干纳盆地" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q486324#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates" class="coordinates plainlinks">Na mapach: <a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl&pagename=Kotlina_Ferga%C5%84ska&params=40.900833333333_N_71.757777777778_E"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, zdjęcia satelitarne i inne informacje dotyczące miejsca o współrzędnych geograficznych 40°54′03″N 71°45′28″E"><span class="latitude">40°54′03″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°45′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, zdjęcia satelitarne i inne informacje dotyczące miejsca o współrzędnych geograficznych 40,900833 71,757778"><span class="latitude">40,900833</span> <span class="longitude">71,757778</span></span></span></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek" style="background-color:#C0DACA; color:#000000;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Kotlina Fergańska</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ferganadall_(Satellitebild).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ferganadall_%28Satellitebild%29.jpg/240px-Ferganadall_%28Satellitebild%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ferganadall_%28Satellitebild%29.jpg/360px-Ferganadall_%28Satellitebild%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ferganadall_%28Satellitebild%29.jpg/480px-Ferganadall_%28Satellitebild%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1574" data-file-height="802" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Fergana_valley_topo_political.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mapa regionu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Fergana_valley_topo_political.png/240px-Fergana_valley_topo_political.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Fergana_valley_topo_political.png/360px-Fergana_valley_topo_political.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Fergana_valley_topo_political.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="178" /></a></span><br />Kotlina Fergańska (jaśniejszy kolor) na mapie uwzględniającej podział polityczny </td></tr> <tr> <th>Megaregion </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Azja_Centralna_(region_fizycznogeograficzny)" title="Azja Centralna (region fizycznogeograficzny)">Azja Centralna</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Prowincja </th> <td> <p>Kotlina Fergańska </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Zajmowane <br />jednostki <br />administracyjne </th> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Kirgistan" title="Kirgistan">Kirgistan</a></b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Tad%C5%BCykistan" title="Tadżykistan">Tadżykistan</a></b> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Kotlina Fergańska</b> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_uzbecki" title="Język uzbecki">uzb.</a>: Fargʻona vodiysi; <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_kirgiski" title="Język kirgiski">kirg.</a>: Фергана өрөөнү, <i>Fergana öröönü</i>; <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_tad%C5%BCycki" title="Język tadżycki">tadż.</a>: водии Фaрғонa, <i>wodii Fargona</i>; <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_rosyjski" title="Język rosyjski">ros.</a>: Ферганская долина, <i>Fierganskaja dolina</i>) – wyżynna <a href="/wiki/Kotlina" title="Kotlina">kotlina</a> śródgórska w <a href="/wiki/Azja_Centralna_(region_fizycznogeograficzny)" title="Azja Centralna (region fizycznogeograficzny)">Azji Centralnej</a>, między pasmami <a href="/wiki/Tienszan" title="Tienszan">Tienszanu</a> na północy a <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B3ry_A%C5%82ajskie" title="Góry Ałajskie">Ałajem</a> i <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B3ry_Turkiesta%C5%84skie" title="Góry Turkiestańskie">Górami Turkiestańskimi</a> na południu, w dorzeczu <a href="/wiki/Syr-daria" title="Syr-daria">Syr-darii</a>, podzielona między <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirgistan" title="Kirgistan">Kirgistan</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tad%C5%BCykistan" title="Tadżykistan">Tadżykistan</a>. Rozciąga się na długości ok. 300 km i szerokości do 170 km. Zajmuje ok. 22 tys. km². Powierzchnia kotliny jest dosyć wyrównana i opada – ze wschodu na zachód – od 1000 m n.p.m. do 320 m n.p.m. </p><p>Kotlina jest pochodzenia tektonicznego i została utworzona w <a href="/wiki/Trzeciorz%C4%99d" title="Trzeciorzęd">trzeciorzędzie</a>. Wypełnia ją materiał skalny pochodzący z niszczenia pobliskich gór. Dno otaczają pasma neogenicznych i czwartorzędowych wzgórz, tzw. adyrów, zbudowanych ze <a href="/wiki/Zlepieniec" title="Zlepieniec">zlepieńców</a> i pokrytych <a href="/wiki/Less" title="Less">lessem</a>. Poza nimi wznoszą się przedgórza zbudowane ze skał mezo- i kenozoicznych oraz częściowo z <a href="/wiki/Wapie%C5%84" title="Wapień">wapieni</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C5%81upek" title="Łupek">łupków</a> paleozoicznych. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat">Klimat</a> jest kontynentalny i suchy z bardzo ciepłym latem (średnia temperatura lipca to 24–27 °C, chociaż czasami zdarzają się temperatury bliskie 40 °C) i dosyć łagodną zimą (średnia temperatura stycznia to –3 °C, choć w grudniu i styczniu w wyżej położonych rejonach możliwe są spadki do –20 °C). Wielkości opadów rosną wraz z wysokością – od 100 mm na dnie kotliny do 500 mm rocznie na wschodzie. </p><p>Stanowi jeden z najgęściej zaludnionych obszarów Azji Środkowej. Wiąże się to z rozwiniętym systemem <a href="/wiki/Irygacja_(rolnictwo)" title="Irygacja (rolnictwo)">irygacyjnym</a>, wykorzystującym wody Syr-darii (sztuczny <a href="/wiki/Zbiornik_Kajrakkumski" class="mw-redirect" title="Zbiornik Kajrakkumski">Zbiornik Kajrakkumski</a> oraz kanały, z których największy to <a href="/wiki/Wielki_Kana%C5%82_Ferga%C5%84ski" title="Wielki Kanał Fergański">Wielki Kanał Fergański</a>), wykorzystywanym dla potrzeb rolniczych. Uprawia się głównie <a href="/wiki/Bawe%C5%82na_(ro%C5%9Blina)" title="Bawełna (roślina)">bawełnę</a>, <a href="/wiki/Owoc" title="Owoc">owoce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winoro%C5%9Bl" title="Winorośl">winorośl</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%BC" title="Ryż">ryż</a> a hoduje <a href="/wiki/Jedwabnik_morwowy" title="Jedwabnik morwowy">jedwabniki</a>. Adyry zajęte są pod pastwiska. Na stokach otaczających gór rosną lasy <a href="/wiki/Orzech_w%C5%82oski" title="Orzech włoski">orzecha włoskiego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jab%C5%82o%C5%84" title="Jabłoń">jabłoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aliwa_wi%C5%9Bniowa" title="Śliwa wiśniowa">ałyczy</a>. Centralny pas na południe od Syr-darii (tzw. <a href="/wiki/Step_Karaka%C5%82packi" title="Step Karakałpacki">Step Karakałpacki</a>) pokrywają solniska i piaski. Do bogactw naturalnych kotliny należą: <a href="/wiki/Ropa_naftowa" title="Ropa naftowa">ropa naftowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaz_ziemny" title="Gaz ziemny">gaz ziemny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siarka" title="Siarka">siarka</a> i <a href="/wiki/Halit" title="Halit">sól kamienna</a>. Główne miasta w Kotlinie Fergańskiej to: <a href="/wiki/Fergana" title="Fergana">Fergana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kokand" title="Kokand">Kokand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chod%C5%BCent" title="Chodżent">Chodżent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andi%C5%BCan" title="Andiżan">Andiżan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namangan" title="Namangan">Namangan</a> i <a href="/wiki/Osz" title="Osz">Osz</a>. </p><p>Sytuacja w regionie Kotliny Fergańskiej nie jest wolna od napięć politycznych i społecznych, czego wyrazem był m.in. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebelia_w_Uzbekistanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rebelia w Uzbekistanie (strona nie istnieje)">wybuch rewolty w Andiżanie</a> w 2005 roku<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>. W lipcu 2019 na pograniczu kirgisko-tadżyckim doszło do starć, w wyniku których zginął obywatel Tadżykistanu<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>. Kolejne starcia, które przyniosły ofiary śmiertelne, wybuchły w 2021<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> i 2022 roku<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlina_Ferga%C5%84ska&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlina_Ferga%C5%84ska&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kryzysy_batke%C5%84skie" title="Kryzysy batkeńskie">kryzysy batkeńskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%82opska_Armia_Fergany" title="Chłopska Armia Fergany">Chłopska Armia Fergany</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlina_Ferga%C5%84ska&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlina_Ferga%C5%84ska&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Krzysztof Strachota, Maciej Falkowski: <i>Dżihad i Nowa Wielka Gra. Paradoksy zagrożenia wojującym islamem w Azji Centralnej</i>. <a href="/wiki/O%C5%9Brodek_Studi%C3%B3w_Wschodnich" title="Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich">Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich</a>, 2010, s. 22. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788393015139" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788393015139">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-930151-3-9</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D%C5%BCihad+i+Nowa+Wielka+Gra.+Paradoksy+zagro%C5%BCenia+wojuj%C4%85cym+islamem+w+Azji+Centralnej&rft.au=Krzysztof+Strachota&rft.pub=%5B%5BO%C5%9Brodek+Studi%C3%B3w+Wschodnich%5D%5D&rft.pages=22&rft.isbn=978-83-930151-3-9"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forsal.pl/artykuly/1423232,starcia-na-granicy-kirgisko-tadzyckiej-jeden-zabity-kilkunastu-rannych.html">Starcia na granicy kirgisko-tadżyckiej – jeden zabity, kilkunastu rannych</a>. forsal.pl, 2019-07-23. [dostęp 2019-07-25].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvn24.pl/swiat/walki-na-granicy-kirgistanu-i-tadzykistanu-opinie-ekspertow-o-konflikcie-w-kotlinie-ferganskiej-5084671">"Niemożliwe jest wytypowanie granicy w taki sposób, aby zostało to zaakceptowane przez jedną lub drugą stronę"</a>. tvn24.pl, 2021-05-04. [dostęp 2022-09-20].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvn24.pl/swiat/walki-na-granicy-kirgistanu-i-tadzykistanu-rosnie-liczba-ofiar-6118993">Walki na pograniczu Kirgistanu i Tadżykistanu. Wzrosła liczba zabitych</a>. tvn24.pl, 2022-09-19. [dostęp 2022-09-20].</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlina_Ferga%C5%84ska&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlina_Ferga%C5%84ska&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Roman Biesiada, Tadeusz Lenczkowski, Lech Ratajski: <i>Słownik Geografii ZSRR</i>. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 1974, s. 63.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S%C5%82ownik+Geografii+ZSRR&rft.aulast=Biesiada&rft.aufirst=Roman&rft.pub=Wiedza+Powszechna&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=63"></span></cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bse.sci-lib.com/article115781.html">Ферганская котловина</a>. Большая Советская Энциклопедия. [dostęp 2011-11-26]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Dolina" title="Dolina">dolina</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/269147869718374982753">269147869718374982753</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/1117816966">1117816966</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ge376092">ge376092</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007529001805171">987007529001805171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3900462.html">3900462</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Fergana-Valley">place/Fergana-Valley</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/fergana/">fergana</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0026461.xml">0026461</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kotlina_Fergańska&oldid=68265101">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kotlina_Fergańska&oldid=68265101</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Kotliny_Azji" title="Kategoria:Kotliny Azji">Kotliny Azji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Niziny_Uzbekistanu" title="Kategoria:Niziny Uzbekistanu">Niziny Uzbekistanu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Kotliny_Kirgistanu" title="Kategoria:Kotliny Kirgistanu">Kotliny Kirgistanu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Kotliny_Tad%C5%BCykistanu" title="Kategoria:Kotliny Tadżykistanu">Kotliny Tadżykistanu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Azja_Centralna" title="Kategoria:Azja Centralna">Azja Centralna</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 20 wrz 2022, 12:40.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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