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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Kulkas" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Kulkas" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Kulkas" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Penemuan_oleh_William_Cullen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penemuan_oleh_William_Cullen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Penemuan oleh William Cullen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penemuan_oleh_William_Cullen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pengembangan_oleh_Jacob_Perkins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengembangan_oleh_Jacob_Perkins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pengembangan oleh Jacob Perkins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengembangan_oleh_Jacob_Perkins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perkembangan_saat_ini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perkembangan_saat_ini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Perkembangan saat ini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perkembangan_saat_ini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Jenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prinsip_kerja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prinsip_kerja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Prinsip kerja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prinsip_kerja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kulkas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 131 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-131" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">131 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yskas" title="Yskas – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Yskas" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%89%80%E1%8B%9D%E1%89%80%E1%8B%A3" title="ማቀዝቀዣ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማቀዝቀዣ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigorifico" title="Frigorifico – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Frigorifico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A9" title="ثلاجة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثلاجة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87" title="تلاجه – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تلاجه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevera" title="Nevera – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nevera" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuducu" title="Soyuducu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Soyuducu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%82%D2%A1%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Һыуытҡыс – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һыуытҡыс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiskostn" title="Eiskostn – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Eiskostn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ais_buk" title="Ais buk – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Ais buk" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Халадзільнік – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Халадзільнік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Халадзільнік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Халадзільнік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Хладилник – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хладилник" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="फ्रिज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फ्रिज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="হিমায়কযন্ত্র – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিমায়কযন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenerez" title="Yenerez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yenerez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%88%D1%8D" title="Хүргэгшэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хүргэгшэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigor%C3%ADfic" title="Frigorífic – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frigorífic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%ADng-si%C5%8Fng" title="Bĭng-siŏng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bĭng-siŏng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Шелиг – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шелиг" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tono%27s%C3%AB%C3%B6%27o" title="Tono'sëö'o – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Tono'sëö'o" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95" title="ساردکەرەوە – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ساردکەرەوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzdolap" title="Buzdolap – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Buzdolap" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledni%C4%8Dka" title="Lednička – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lednička" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D1%88" title="Сивĕтĕш – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сивĕтĕш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oergell" title="Oergell – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Oergell" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B8leskab" title="Køleskab – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Køleskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BChlschrank" title="Kühlschrank – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kühlschrank" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A8%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Ψυγείο – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ψυγείο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerator" title="Refrigerator – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Refrigerator" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridujo" title="Fridujo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fridujo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerador" title="Refrigerador – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Refrigerador" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BClmkapp" title="Külmkapp – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Külmkapp" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hozkailu" title="Hozkailu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hozkailu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%84" title="یخچال – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یخچال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4%C3%A4kaappi" title="Jääkaappi – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jääkaappi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9frig%C3%A9rateur" title="Réfrigérateur – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réfrigérateur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuolkast" title="Kuolkast – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kuolkast" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisneoir" title="Cuisneoir – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cuisneoir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%AB%83" title="冰櫃 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="冰櫃" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigor%C3%ADfico" title="Frigorífico – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Frigorífico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%80" title="શીતપેટી – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="શીતપેટી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feayreyder" title="Feayreyder – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Feayreyder" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firinji" title="Firinji – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Firinji" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A8" title="מקרר – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מקרר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रशीतित्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रशीतित्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hladnjak" title="Hladnjak – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hladnjak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrijerat%C3%A8" title="Refrijeratè – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Refrijeratè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%B1t%C5%91g%C3%A9p" title="Hűtőgép – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hűtőgép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Սառնարան – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սառնարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigorizilo" title="Frigorizilo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Frigorizilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dssk%C3%A1pur" title="Ísskápur – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ísskápur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigorifero" title="Frigorifero – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frigorifero" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E8%94%B5%E5%BA%AB" title="冷蔵庫 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="冷蔵庫" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifrijarieta" title="Rifrijarieta – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Rifrijarieta" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulkas" title="Kulkas – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kulkas" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მაცივარი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაცივარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%A3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%82%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Тоңазытқыш – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тоңазытқыш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಶೀತಕಯಂತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶೀತಕಯಂತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%83%89%EC%9E%A5%EA%B3%A0" title="냉장고 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="냉장고" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarinc_(alav)" title="Sarinc (alav) – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sarinc (alav)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Холодильник – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Холодильник" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%87" title="Муздаткыч – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Муздаткыч" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armarium_frigidarium" title="Armarium frigidarium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Armarium frigidarium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzy%C3%A9ra" title="Buzyéra – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Buzyéra" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigo" title="Frigo – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Frigo" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigor" title="Frigor – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Frigor" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filig%C3%B3" title="Filigó – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Filigó" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aldytuvas" title="Šaldytuvas – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šaldytuvas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledusskapis" title="Ledusskapis – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ledusskapis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Эйботмар – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Эйботмар" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vata_fampangatsiahana" title="Vata fampangatsiahana – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vata fampangatsiahana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%B1%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88%D3%A7%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Йӱштышӧрлык – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Йӱштышӧрлык" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulkas" title="Kulkas – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kulkas" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ладилник – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ладилник" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="റഫ്രിജറേറ്റർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റഫ്രിജറേറ്റർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%87" title="Хөргөгч – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хөргөгч" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peti_sejuk" title="Peti sejuk – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Peti sejuk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigor%C3%ADfico" title="Frigorífico – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Frigorífico" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6hlschapp" title="Köhlschapp – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Köhlschapp" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koelkaste" title="Koelkaste – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Koelkaste" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koelkast" title="Koelkast – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koelkast" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%B8leskap" title="Kjøleskap – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kjøleskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%B8leskap" title="Kjøleskap – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjøleskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ormou%C3%A8re_%C3%A0_freid" title="Ormouère à freid – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Ormouère à freid" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerador" title="Refrigerador – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Refrigerador" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C3%A4%C5%A1kuappu" title="Jiäškuappu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Jiäškuappu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0" title="ਰੈਫ੍ਰਿਜਰੇਟਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੈਫ੍ਰਿਜਰੇਟਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frishid%C3%A8r" title="Frishidèr – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Frishidèr" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%82odziarka" title="Chłodziarka – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chłodziarka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="فریج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فریج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigor%C3%ADfico" title="Frigorífico – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frigorífico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khutuchiq" title="Khutuchiq – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Khutuchiq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigider" title="Frigider – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Frigider" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Холодильник – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Холодильник" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="शीतकम् – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शीतकम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сойутар – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сойутар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerator" title="Refrigerator – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Refrigerator" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="فرج – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فرج" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hladnjak" title="Hladnjak – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hladnjak" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB" title="ශීතකරණ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශීතකරණ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerator" title="Refrigerator – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Refrigerator" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chladni%C4%8Dka" title="Chladnička – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chladnička" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hladilnik_(naprava)" title="Hladilnik (naprava) – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hladilnik (naprava)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firiji" title="Firiji – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Firiji" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigoriferi" title="Frigoriferi – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Frigoriferi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фрижидер – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фрижидер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keelskap" title="Keelskap – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Keelskap" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulkas" title="Kulkas – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kulkas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kylsk%C3%A5p" title="Kylskåp – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kylskåp" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jokofu" title="Jokofu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jokofu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="குளிர்சாதனப் பெட்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குளிர்சாதனப் பெட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="రిఫ్రిజిరేటర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రిఫ్రిజిరేటర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%85%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Яхдон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Яхдон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99" title="ตู้เย็น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตู้เย็น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ref" title="Ref – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ref" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzdolab%C4%B1" title="Buzdolabı – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Buzdolabı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%87" title="Суыткыч – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Суыткыч" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%82%DB%87" title="توڭلاتقۇ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="توڭلاتقۇ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Холодильник – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Холодильник" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="فریج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فریج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzlatkich" title="Muzlatkich – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Muzlatkich" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%A7_l%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Tủ lạnh – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tủ lạnh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigo" title="Frigo – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Frigo" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerador" title="Refrigerador – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Refrigerador" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%86%B0%E7%AE%B1" title="电冰箱 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电冰箱" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მარგილარი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მარგილარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="פרידזשידער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פרידזשידער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E7%AE%B1" title="冰箱 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="冰箱" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peng-siu%E2%81%BF" title="Peng-siuⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Peng-siuⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E6%AB%83" title="雪櫃 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="雪櫃" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37828#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kulkas" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan:Kulkas&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi (halaman belum tersedia) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kulkas"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kulkas"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Kulkas" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Kulkas" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&oldid=27033336" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Kulkas&id=27033336&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKulkas"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKulkas"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kulkas"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kulkas&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Refrigerators" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37828" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Typicalfridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Typicalfridge.jpg/220px-Typicalfridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Typicalfridge.jpg/330px-Typicalfridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Typicalfridge.jpg/440px-Typicalfridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="726" /></a><figcaption>Model kulkas yang umum digunakan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv/220px--Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="53" data-mwtitle="Theater_commercial,_electric_refrigerator,_1926.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Berkas:Theater_commercial,_electric_refrigerator,_1926.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Iklan kulkas pada tahun 1926</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kulkas</b> (serapan dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda">bahasa Belanda</a>: <i>koelkast</i>), juga disebut sebagai <b>lemari es</b> atau <b>lemari pendingin</b> adalah sebuah alat rumah tangga listrik yang menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Refrigerasi" title="Refrigerasi">refrigerasi</a> (proses pendingin) untuk mendukung proses <a href="/wiki/Pengawetan_makanan" title="Pengawetan makanan">pengawetan</a> <a href="/wiki/Makanan" title="Makanan">makanan</a>. Sekitar 99,5% rumah di <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> memiliki kulkas. Kulkas bekerja menggunakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pompa_panas_pengubah_fase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pompa panas pengubah fase (halaman belum tersedia)">pompa panas pengubah fase</a> beroperasi dalam sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Putaran_refrigeration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Putaran refrigeration (halaman belum tersedia)">putaran refrigeration</a>. <b>Kulkas industri</b> adalah kulkas yang digunakan untuk kebutuhan <a href="/wiki/Industri" title="Industri">industri</a>, seperti di <a href="/wiki/Restoran" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoran">restoran</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermarket">supermarket</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada zaman dahulu sebelum adanya kulkas, untuk mengawetkan makanan orang-orang akan membawa makanan mereka kepinggir danau yang bersalju. Tradisi ini biasanya dilakukan oleh orang eropa yang bertujuan untuk menjaga agar bahan makanan dapat tetap awet dan tahan lama. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penemuan_oleh_William_Cullen">Penemuan oleh William Cullen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Penemuan oleh William Cullen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penemuan oleh William Cullen"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seorang ilmuwan <a href="/wiki/Skotlandia" title="Skotlandia">Skotlandia</a> yang bernama <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Cullen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Cullen (halaman belum tersedia)">William Cullen</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Glasgow" title="Universitas Glasgow">Universitas Glasgow</a> melakukan pengembangan sebuah mesin pendingin sederhana pada tahun 1784. William Cullen sendiri merupakan seorang ahli kimia, fisika dan juga ahli dalam bidang <a href="/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran">kedokteran</a> yang mengetahui bahwa makanan akan menjadi awet bila didinginkan. Dari hasil penelitiannya disebutkan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri">bakteri</a> tidak dapat berkembang biak pada media dingin. </p><p>William Cullen kemudian memfungsikan pompa untuk membuat vakum parsial diatas sebuah wadah dietil eter yang kemudian dipanaskan. Adanya tekanan dari uap air hasil proses pemanasan tersebut kemudian menciptakan bongkahan <a href="/wiki/Es" title="Es">es</a> kecil. Namun pada saat itu, hasil penelitian dari William Cullen tersebut belum dikomersilkan atau dipatenkan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pengembangan_oleh_Jacob_Perkins">Pengembangan oleh Jacob Perkins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Pengembangan oleh Jacob Perkins" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pengembangan oleh Jacob Perkins"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Setelah diteliti oleh William Cullen, teknologi mesin pendingin ini kemudian dikembangkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Perkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Perkins (halaman belum tersedia)">Jacob Perkins</a> yang berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> dan bekerja sebagai pengrajin <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">Emas</a>. Jacob Perkins sendiri sebelumnya telah banyak melakukan penelitian tentang penemuan lemari pendingin. </p><p>Kulkas atau lemari es hasil buatan Jacob Perkins terinspirasi dari catatan William Cullen. Perkins menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Eter" title="Eter">eter</a> dan tekanan <a href="/wiki/Uap_air" title="Uap air">uap air</a> untuk membekukan air, dan ternyata hal ini berhasil membekukan <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">air</a> dengan eter dan tekanan uap. Namun sayangnya, metode yang digunakan ini banyak memanfaatkan bahan kimia, seperti <a href="/wiki/Amonia" title="Amonia">amonia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Belerang_dioksida" title="Belerang dioksida">Sulfur dioksida</a> sebagai alat dan bahan dalam pembekuan air. Sehingga, meskipun lemari es buatan <a href="/wiki/Carl_Paul_Gottfried_von_Linde" title="Carl Paul Gottfried von Linde">Karl Von Linden</a> ini terlihat lebih praktis, tetapi karena adanya komposisi bahan kimia yang digunakan dapat membahayakan dan menyebabkan kecelakaan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perkembangan_saat_ini">Perkembangan saat ini</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Perkembangan saat ini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perkembangan saat ini"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Setelah dari masa ke masa mengalami perkembangan. Sekarang kulkas lebih banyak menggunakan bahan <a href="/wiki/Freon" title="Freon">freon</a> sebagai media pendinginnya. Freon itu sendiri diketahui memiliki dampak yang tidak baik bagi lingkungan, karena bisa menyebabkan rusaknya lapisan <a href="/wiki/Ozon" title="Ozon">ozon</a>. </p><p>untuk mensiasatinya, muncullah teknologi baru pengganti freon, yaitu teknologi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydro_Fluoro_Carbon_(HFC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydro Fluoro Carbon (HFC) (halaman belum tersedia)">Hydro Fluoro Carbon (HFC)</a> yang diklaim lebih ramah lingkungan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jenis">Jenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Jenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jenis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Lemari es non-pembeku, lemari es jenis ini biasa digunakan pada rumah dan memiliki beberapa rak yang memungkinkan untuk menampung berbagai jenis bahan makanan, seperti sayuran, buah-buahan, daging, dan masih banyak lagi. Lemari es jenis ini biasanya terdiri dari lemari es satu pintu. Walaupun mungkin ada pula yang memiliki dua atau tiga pintu. Lemari es jenis ini disebut non freezer karena <a href="/wiki/Evaporator" title="Evaporator">evaporator</a> pada lemari es bisanya hanya sepertiga dari besarnya lemari es.</li> <li>Lemari es pembeku, lemari es jenis ini dapat membekukan es dalam waktu yang relatif singkat dan hampir semua rak dalam freezer terdapat evaporator. Pada umumnya jenis lemari es freezer digunakan untuk kegiatan usaha, seperti es batu, pendingin sosis, maupun membuat es lilin.</li> <li>Lemari es <i>Door Glass Refrigerator</i>, kulkas jenis ini biasa dijumpai di toko <a href="/wiki/Swalayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Swalayan">swalayan</a> maupun di toko penjual minuman. Lemari es ini memiliki pintu yang terbuat dari kaca transparan, sehingga memungkinkan botol minuman terlihat dari luar. <a href="/wiki/Temperatur" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatur">Temperatur</a> yang dihasilkan lemari es kaca ini berkisar antara 9°-15° celcius. Kulkas jenis ini tidak akan membekukan minuman yang berada di dalamnya, tapi hanya menyegarkan dan mendinginkan saja.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prinsip_kerja">Prinsip kerja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Prinsip kerja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Prinsip kerja"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kulkas terdiri dari lemari pendingin atau lemari pembeku atau keduanya. Sistem dua lemari ini diperkenalkan pertama kali oleh <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> pada 1939. Beberapa kulkas sekarang dibagi menjadi empat ruang untuk penyimpanan jenis makanan yang berbeda: </p> <ul><li>–18 °C (–64,4 °F) (pembeku),</li> <li>0 °C (32 °F) (daging),</li> <li>4 °C (39,2 °F) (pendingin),</li> <li>10 °C (50 °F) (sayuran), untuk menaruh berbagai jenis makanan.</li></ul> <p>Kapasitas sebuah kulkas diukur dalam <a href="/wiki/Liter" title="Liter">liter</a>. Biasanya isi pembeku adalah 100 liter dan pendingin 140 liter (namun dapat sangat bervariasi). </p><p>Pada sistem kerja lemari es atau kulkas dimulai dari bagian <a href="/wiki/Kompresor" title="Kompresor">kompresor</a> yang berperan sebagai jantung dari kulkas, sekaligus berfungsi sebagai sistem penggerak. pada saat dialiri <a href="/wiki/Arus_listrik" title="Arus listrik">arus listrik</a>, motor pada kompresor akan berputar dan memberikan tekanan pada pendingin. Pendingin itu sendiri berwujud seperti <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a>, yang mana jika diberi tekanan akan membuat gas menjadi bertekanan dan bersuhu tinggi. </p><p>Dengan prinsip inilah yang memungkinkan <a href="/wiki/Refrigeran" title="Refrigeran">refrigerant</a> mengalir ke kondensor. Pada titik kondensasi gas tersebut bisa mengembun dan akan kembali lagi menjadi wujud cair dan refrigerant cair yang bertekanan tinggi akan terdorong menuju ke pipa kapiler. </p><p>Dengan prinsip seperti itu refrigerant akan naik menuju evaporator dan akibat tekanan kapilaritas yang dimiliki oleh pipa kapiler. Saat berada dalam evaporator, refrigerant cair menguap dan wujudnya akan menjadi gas yang memiliki daya tekanan suhu yang sangat rendah. Akibatnya, udara yang terjebak di dalam evaporator akan bersuhu rendah dan akhirnya terkondensasi dan akan wujud cair. Pada kondisi yang berulang-ulang ini memungkinkan udara tersebut membeku dan akan menjadi butiran-butiran es. Hal tersebut akan terjadi pada benda atau air yang sengaja di letakkan di dalam evaporator. </p><p>Dalam skala penyimpanan dingin dengan kapasitas besar kulkas disebut juga gudang pendingin atau cold storage dengan aplikasi chiller dan freezer temperature. Cold storage atau biasa disebut cold room merupakan fasilitas ruangan besar yang dirancang untuk menyimpan produk pangan pada suhu rendah atau <i>low temperature</i> guna memperpanjang umur simpan dan menjaga kualitas produk. Fasilitas ini menjadi elemen krusial dalam industri pangan, terutama untuk produk-produk yang mudah rusak seperti daging, ikan, buah-buahan, dan sayuran. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kematian_akibat_kulkas" title="Kematian akibat kulkas">Kematian akibat kulkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_kulkas" title="Magnet kulkas">Magnet kulkas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gizmohighway.com/history/refrigerator.htm">Sejarah Kulkas di situs web Gizmo Highway</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.repairclinic.com/0088_4_3.asp">Bagaimana cara kerja kulkas di situs web Repair Clinic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051028044325/http://www.repairclinic.com/0088_4_3.asp">Diarsipkan</a> 2005-10-28 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.applianceblog.com/mainforums">Forum tanya-jawab di situs web Appliance Blog</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blrefrigerator.htm">Sejarah kulkas dan mesin pendingin lainnya</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200531033655/https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-refrigerator-and-freezers-4072564">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-05-31 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tipe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penyejuk_udara" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyejuk udara">Penyejuk udara (AC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penggoreng_udara" class="mw-redirect" title="Penggoreng udara">Penggoreng udara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengion_udara" title="Pengion udara">Pengion udara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penipu_daun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penipu daun (halaman belum tersedia)">Peniup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blender" class="mw-redirect" title="Blender">Blender</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blender_celup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blender celup (halaman belum tersedia)">Blender celup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengering_pakaian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengering pakaian (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengering pakaian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pencuci-pengering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pencuci-pengering (halaman belum tersedia)">Pencuci-pengering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setrika" title="Setrika">Setrika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembuat_kopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembuat kopi (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembuat kopi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghilang_kelembaban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penghilang kelembaban (halaman belum tersedia)">Penghilang kelembaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencuci_piring" class="mw-redirect" title="Pencuci piring">Pencuci piring</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabinet_pengering_piring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabinet pengering piring (halaman belum tersedia)">kabinet pengering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robot_domestik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robot domestik (halaman belum tersedia)">Robot domestik</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbandingan_robot_domestik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbandingan robot domestik (halaman belum tersedia)">Perbandingan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selimut_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selimut listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">Selimut listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bor_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bor listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">Bor listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisau_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pisau listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">Pisau listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendidih_air_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendidih air listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">Pendidih air listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemanasan_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemanasan listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemanas listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epilator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epilator (halaman belum tersedia)">Epilator</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendingin_evaporatif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendingin evaporatif (halaman belum tersedia)">Pendingin evaporatif</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemroses_makanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemroses makanan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemroses makanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungkup_udara" title="Sungkup udara">Sungkup udara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit_pembuangan_sampah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unit pembuangan sampah (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembuang sampah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipas_angin" title="Kipas angin">Kipas angin</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipas_angin_loteng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kipas angin loteng (halaman belum tersedia)">loteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipas_angin_gantung" title="Kipas angin gantung">gantung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemanas_kipas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemanas kipas (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemanas kipas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipas_jendela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kipas jendela (halaman belum tersedia)">jendela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengering_rambut" title="Pengering rambut">Pengering rambut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Setrika_rambut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Setrika rambut (halaman belum tersedia)">Setrika rambut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikser" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikser">Mikser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelembab" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelembab">Pelembab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembuat_es&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembuat es (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembuat es</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembuat_es_krim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembuat es krim (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembuat es krim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembuat_jus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembuat jus (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembuat jus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemotong_rumput&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemotong rumput (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemotong rumput</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemotong_rumput_robotik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemotong rumput robotik (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemotong rumput robotik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korek_api_gas" title="Korek api gas">Korek api gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oven" class="mw-redirect" title="Oven">Oven</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oven_konveksi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oven konveksi (halaman belum tersedia)">Oven konveksi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oven_gelombang_mikro" class="mw-redirect" title="Oven gelombang mikro">Oven gelombang mikro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemanggang_pai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemanggang pai (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemanggang pai</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kulkas</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laci_tajam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laci tajam (halaman belum tersedia)">Laci tajam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulkas_cerdas" title="Kulkas cerdas">cerdas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesin_jahit" title="Mesin jahit">Mesin jahit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi" title="Televisi">Televisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemanggang_roti" title="Pemanggang roti">Pemanggang roti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengisap_debu" title="Pengisap debu">Pengisap debu</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengisap_debu_sentral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengisap debu sentral (halaman belum tersedia)">sentral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengisap_debu_manual&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengisap debu manual (halaman belum tersedia)">manual</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengisap_debu_robotik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengisap debu robotik (halaman belum tersedia)">robotik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemanggang_wafel" title="Pemanggang wafel">Pemanggang wafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispenser_air" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispenser air">Dispenser air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesin_cuci" title="Mesin cuci">Mesin cuci</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lihat juga</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colokan_perabot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colokan perabot (halaman belum tersedia)">Colokan perabot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daur_ulang_perabot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daur ulang perabot (halaman belum tersedia)">Daur ulang perabot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masa_hidup_perabot_rumah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masa hidup perabot rumah (halaman belum tersedia)">Masa hidup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&oldid=27033336">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kulkas&oldid=27033336</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Reka_cipta_Australia" title="Kategori:Reka cipta Australia">Reka cipta Australia</a></li><li><a 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