CINXE.COM

Kaffe – Wikipedia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="nb" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Kaffe – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januar","februar","mars","april","mai","juni","juli","august","september","oktober","november","desember"],"wgRequestId":"560471bc-25e7-4401-a9fc-1cf579ef0a56","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Kaffe","wgTitle":"Kaffe","wgCurRevisionId":24603594,"wgRevisionId":24603594,"wgArticleId":3951,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Sider med duplikatargumenter i malkall","Artikler med døde eksterne lenker","CS1-vedlikehold: Uheldig URL","Sider som bruker magiske ISBN-lenker","Artikler som trenger referanser","Anbefalte artikler","Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata","1000 artikler enhver Wikipedia bør ha","Kulturplanter","Kaffe"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Kaffe","wgRelevantArticleId":3951,"wgTempUserName":null, "wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nb","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nb"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q8486","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true, "wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.UkensKonkurranse","ext.gadget.link-missing-label","ext.gadget.new-section", "ext.gadget.superinterwiki","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nb&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&amp;modules=ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG/1200px-A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG/800px-A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG/640px-A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Kaffe – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffe"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Rediger" href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nb)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//no.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffe"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-mating" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siste_endringer&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Kaffe rootpage-Kaffe skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hopp til innhold</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hovedmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hovedmeny</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hovedmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasjon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forside" title="Gå til hovedsiden [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Forside</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig" title="Vis en tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Portal" title="Stedet for å få hjelp"><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringer" title="Liste over siste endringer på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringer</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-prosjekt" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-prosjekt" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Prosjektportal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Prosjektportal</span></a></li><li id="n-bidra" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bidra_til_Wikipedia"><span>Hvordan bidra?</span></a></li><li id="n-tinget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinget"><span>Tinget</span></a></li><li id="n-torget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Torget"><span>Torget</span></a></li><li id="n-konkurranser" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Konkurranser"><span>Konkurranser</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-wmno" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.no" rel="nofollow" title="Medlemsorganisasjon for wikipedianere"><span>Wikimedia Norge</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Forside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-no.svg" width="121" height="14" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:S%C3%B8k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlig"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Endre skriftstørrelse, bredde og farge på siden." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&amp;returnto=Kaffe" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&amp;returnto=Kaffe" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Flere alternativer" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlig" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlig</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&amp;returnto=Kaffe" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&amp;returnto=Kaffe" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etymologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Etymologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etiopia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etiopia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Etiopia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etiopia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_første_kaffehusene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_første_kaffehusene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>De første kaffehusene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_første_kaffehusene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medisinsk_bruk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medisinsk_bruk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Medisinsk bruk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medisinsk_bruk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Import_og_bruk_av_kaffe_–_Norge_1694–1821" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Import_og_bruk_av_kaffe_–_Norge_1694–1821"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Import og bruk av kaffe – Norge 1694–1821</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Import_og_bruk_av_kaffe_–_Norge_1694–1821-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_vår_tid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_vår_tid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>I vår tid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_vår_tid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-En_verden_av_kaffe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#En_verden_av_kaffe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>En verden av kaffe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-En_verden_av_kaffe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dyrking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dyrking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dyrking</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dyrking-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Dyrking</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dyrking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dyrking_på_verdensbasis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dyrking_på_verdensbasis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Dyrking på verdensbasis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dyrking_på_verdensbasis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Økologiske_effekter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Økologiske_effekter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Økologiske effekter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Økologiske_effekter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Handel</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Handel-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Handel</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Handel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Internasjonalt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internasjonalt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Internasjonalt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internasjonalt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rettferdig_handel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rettferdig_handel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Rettferdig handel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rettferdig_handel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaffehus_i_Norge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaffehus_i_Norge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Kaffehus i Norge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaffehus_i_Norge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaffesorter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaffesorter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kaffesorter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaffesorter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bearbeidelse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bearbeidelse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bearbeidelse</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bearbeidelse-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Bearbeidelse</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bearbeidelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tørr_bearbeidelse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tørr_bearbeidelse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Tørr bearbeidelse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tørr_bearbeidelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Våt_bearbeidelse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Våt_bearbeidelse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Våt bearbeidelse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Våt_bearbeidelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brygging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brygging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Brygging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brygging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oppfinnelser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oppfinnelser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Oppfinnelser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oppfinnelser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjemi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjemi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Kjemi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjemi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Helse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Helse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Eksterne lenker</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kaffe_og_helse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaffe_og_helse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Kaffe og helse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaffe_og_helse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kaffe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 203 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-203" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">203 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffi" title="Kaffi – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kaffi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffe" title="Kaffe – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kaffe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffe" title="Kaffe – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kaffe" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffi" title="Kaffi – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kaffi" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffi" title="Kaffi – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kaffi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D1%83%D1%8D" title="Къэхьэуэ – kabardisk" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къэхьэуэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffie" title="Koffie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koffie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffee" title="Kaffee – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kaffee" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A1%E1%8A%93" title="ቡና – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቡና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4hvi" title="Kähvi – enaresamisk" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kähvi" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80" title="कॉफी – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कॉफी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffig" title="Caffig – gammelengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Caffig" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="gammelengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A9" title="قهوة – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قهوة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9" title="Café – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Café" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B3" title="Սուրճ – vestarmensk" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սուրճ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="vestarmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe" title="Cafe – aromansk" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Cafe" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF" title="কফি – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কফি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9" title="Café – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Café" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapi" title="Kapi – atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Kapi" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80" title="कफी – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कफी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taperyva_rykue" title="Taperyva rykue – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Taperyva rykue" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99hv%C9%99" title="Qəhvə – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qəhvə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%87%D9%88%D9%87" title="قهوه – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قهوه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopi" title="Kopi – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kopi" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF" title="কফি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কফি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupi" title="Kupi – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kupi" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka-pi" title="Ka-pi – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ka-pi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D3%99%D2%BB%D2%AF%D3%99_(%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)" title="Ҡәһүә (эсемлек) – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡәһүә (эсемлек)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кава – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кава" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кава – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кава" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kape" title="Kape – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kape" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi" title="Kofi – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kofi" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5" title="Кафе – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кафе" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaf%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Kafää – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kafää" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%A5%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁོ་ཧྥེ། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁོ་ཧྥེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahva" title="Kahva – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kahva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafe" title="Kafe – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kafe" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5" title="Кофе – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Кофе" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A8" title="Cafè – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cafè" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5" title="Кофе – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кофе" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1va" title="Káva – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Káva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi" title="Kofi – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kofi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffi" title="Coffi – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Coffi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tii" title="Tii – dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Tii" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1ffe" title="Gáffe – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Gáffe" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffee" title="Kaffee – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaffee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahw%C3%A9%C3%A9h" title="Ahwééh – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ahwééh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80" title="कफी – doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कफी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohv" title="Kohv – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kohv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AD%CF%82" title="Καφές – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καφές" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Coffee" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9" title="Café – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Café" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafo" title="Kafo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kafo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9" title="Café – ekstremaduransk" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Café" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ekstremaduransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafe" title="Kafe – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kafe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%87%D9%88%D9%87" title="قهوه – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قهوه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Coffee" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9" title="Café – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Café" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A8" title="Cafè – friuliansk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cafè" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friuliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caife" title="Caife – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Caife" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofaidh" title="Cofaidh – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cofaidh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9" title="Café – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Café" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="咖啡 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="咖啡" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%88%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌺𐌰𐍈𐌰 – gotisk" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌰𐍈𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A2-p%C3%AE" title="Kâ-pî – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kâ-pî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BB%A4%ED%94%BC" title="커피 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="커피" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B3" title="Սուրճ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուրճ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="कॉफ़ी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कॉफ़ी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kava" title="Kava – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kava" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeo" title="Kafeo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kafeo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BB%8Df%E1%BB%8B" title="Kọfị – ibo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Kọfị" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ibo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kape" title="Kape – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kape" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopi" title="Kopi – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kopi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffe" title="Caffe – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Caffe" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuukpiaq" title="Kuukpiaq – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Kuukpiaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Къофи – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Къофи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikhofi" title="Ikhofi – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ikhofi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caff%C3%A8" title="Caffè – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caffè" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%94" title="קפה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קפה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopi" title="Kopi – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kopi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%94f%C9%A9" title="Kɔfɩ – kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kɔfɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕಾಫಿ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಫಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5" title="Кофе – karatsjajbalkarsk" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Кофе" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatsjajbalkarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ყავა – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყავა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C" title="کافی – kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کافی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawa" title="Kawa – kasjubisk" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kawa" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5" title="Кофе – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кофе" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikawa" title="Ikawa – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikawa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahawa" title="Kahawa – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kahawa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafe" title="Kafe – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kafe" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaf%C3%A9" title="Kafé – franskguyansk kreol" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kafé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="franskguyansk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qehwe" title="Qehwe – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qehwe" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5" title="Кофе – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кофе" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kav%C3%A9" title="Kavé – jødespansk" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kavé" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="jødespansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9F" title="ກາເຟ – laotisk" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກາເຟ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeum" title="Coffeum – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Coffeum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafija" title="Kafija – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kafija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffi" title="Kaffi – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kaffi" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Къагьве – lesgisk" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Къагьве" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kava" title="Kava – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kava" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi" title="Kofi – nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Kofi" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caff%C3%A8" title="Caffè – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Caffè" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3ffe" title="Kóffe – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kóffe" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1wa" title="Káwa – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Káwa" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe" title="Cafe – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cafe" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koufei" title="Koufei – livvisk" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Koufei" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ckafi" title="ckafi – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ckafi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A8" title="Cafè – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cafè" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1v%C3%A9" title="Kávé – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kávé" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopi" title="Kopi – maduresisk" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Kopi" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="maduresisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80" title="कफी – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कफी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5" title="Кафе – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кафе" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafe_(zava-pisotro)" title="Kafe (zava-pisotro) – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kafe (zava-pisotro)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF_(%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82)" title="കാപ്പി (പാനീയം) – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാപ്പി (പാനീയം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80" title="कॉफी – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॉफी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ყავა – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ყავა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%87%D9%88%D9%87" title="قهوه – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قهوه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopi" title="Kopi – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kopi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopi" title="Kopi – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kopi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%83-p%C4%AD" title="Gă-pĭ – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gă-pĭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5" title="Кофе – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кофе" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%AE" title="ကော်ဖီ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကော်ဖီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffie_(drank)" title="Koffie (drank) – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koffie (drank)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffie" title="Koffie – nedersaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Koffie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="nedersaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80" title="कफी – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कफी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%92%E3%83%BC" title="コーヒー – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コーヒー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%BE" title="Къахьо – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Къахьо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofe" title="Kofe – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kofe" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9" title="Café – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Café" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A8" title="Cafè – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cafè" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buna" title="Buna – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Buna" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qahva" title="Qahva – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qahva" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80" title="ਕੌਫ਼ੀ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੌਫ਼ੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C_(%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8)" title="کافی (مشروب) – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کافی (مشروب)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffie" title="Koffie – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Koffie" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%87%D9%88%D9%87" title="قهوه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قهوه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaafi" title="Kaafi – jamaicansk kreolengelsk" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kaafi" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaicansk kreolengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81" title="កាហ្វេ – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កាហ្វេ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopi" title="Kopi – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Kopi" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffie" title="Koffie – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Koffie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawa" title="Kawa – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kawa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9" title="Café – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Café" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafea" title="Cafea – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cafea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9" title="Café – retoromansk" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Café" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaphiy" title="Kaphiy – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kaphiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кава – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кава" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5" title="Кофе – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кофе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5" title="Кофе – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кофе" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/kuhi" title="kuhi – sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="kuhi" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="काफीपेयम् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="काफीपेयम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A8" title="Cafè – sardisk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cafè" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Coffee" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koafje" title="Koafje – saterfrisisk" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Koafje" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeja" title="Kafeja – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kafeja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9" title="Café – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Café" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92_(%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA)" title="කෝපි (පානය) – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කෝපි (පානය)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Coffee" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A_(%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%AA)" title="ڪافي (شربت) – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪافي (شربت)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1va" title="Káva – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Káva" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kava" title="Kava – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kava" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafyj" title="Kafyj – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kafyj" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bun" title="Bun – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bun" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95" title="قاوە – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قاوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Кафа – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кафа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kava" title="Kava – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kava" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopi" title="Kopi – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kopi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahvi" title="Kahvi – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kahvi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kape" title="Kape – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kape" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="காப்பி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காப்பி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D2%BB%D0%B2%D3%99" title="Каһвә – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Каһвә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%80" title="కాఫీ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాఫీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F" title="กาแฟ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กาแฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Қаҳва – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қаҳва" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%AB" title="ᎧᏫ – cherokesisk" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎧᏫ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%27%C3%B4ht%C3%A1v%C3%AAhohpe" title="Mo&#039;ôhtávêhohpe – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Mo&#039;ôhtávêhohpe" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahve" title="Kahve – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kahve" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofe" title="Kofe – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kofe" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кава – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кава" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C" title="کافی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کافی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%95%DA%BE%DB%8B%DB%95" title="قەھۋە – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قەھۋە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gahfeih" title="Gahfeih – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gahfeih" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A8" title="Cafè – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cafè" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofe" title="Kofe – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kofe" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0_ph%C3%AA" title="Cà phê – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cà phê" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohv" title="Kohv – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kohv" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A8_(abwesson)" title="Cafè (abwesson) – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Cafè (abwesson)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepein" title="Kepein – wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Kepein" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="咖啡 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="咖啡" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffie" title="Kaffie – vestflamsk" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kaffie" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vestflamsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kape" title="Kape – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kape" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="咖啡 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="咖啡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2" title="קאווע – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאווע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="咖啡 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="咖啡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffie" title="Koffie – zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Koffie" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kava" title="Kava – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kava" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="咖啡 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="咖啡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BB%8D%CC%80fi" title="Kọ̀fi – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Kọ̀fi" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupi%27" title="Kupi&#039; – bajaw" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Kupi&#039;" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="bajaw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gahwa" title="Gahwa – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Gahwa" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupi" title="Kupi – sentraldusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Kupi" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="sentraldusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupi" title="Kupi – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Kupi" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopi" title="Kopi – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kopi" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8486#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kaffe" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Kaffe" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kaffe"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kaffe"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Kaffe" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Kaffe" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;oldid=24603594" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&amp;page=Kaffe&amp;id=24603594&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKaffe"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKaffe"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Kaffe&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Coffee" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikiquote.org/wiki/Kaffe" hreflang="no"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8486" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Anbefalte_artikler" title="Dette er en anbefalt artikkel."><img alt="Dette er en anbefalt artikkel." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/20px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/30px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/40px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG/250px-A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG/375px-A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG/500px-A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>En kopp kaffe <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23957101">.mw-parser-output .byline{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .byline .hidden{display:none}</style><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: Julius Schorzman </div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Coffea_arabica_005.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coffea_arabica_005.JPG/250px-Coffea_arabica_005.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coffea_arabica_005.JPG/375px-Coffea_arabica_005.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coffea_arabica_005.JPG/500px-Coffea_arabica_005.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1822" data-file-height="1367" /></a><figcaption>Brente kaffebønner av typen <i>Coffea arabica</i></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kaffe</b> er en drikk laget av frukten fra <a href="/wiki/Kaffeplanter" title="Kaffeplanter">kaffeplanten</a>. Både skall og fruktmasse fjernes, og bare kjernen, det vi kaller bønnene (frøet), blir tørket, brent og malt. Finheten på kaffepulveret varierer etter hvordan kaffen skal tilberedes. Kaffen blandes på forskjellige måter med <a href="/wiki/Vann" title="Vann">vann</a>, og drikkes i de fleste tilfeller varm. Kaffebønnen inneholder <a href="/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein">koffein</a>, som er et <a href="/wiki/Sentralstimulerende_midler" title="Sentralstimulerende midler">sentralstimulerende rusmiddel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymologi">Etymologi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Etymologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Etymologi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selve ordet «kaffe» er dokumentert fra 1598 på <a href="/wiki/Italiensk" title="Italiensk">italiensk</a>, <i>caffe</i>, avledet av <a href="/wiki/Tyrkisk" title="Tyrkisk">tyrkisk</a> <i>kahve</i>, som igjen er avledet fra det <a href="/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk">arabiske</a> ordet <i>qahwah</i> (kaffe). Det siste skal etter sigende bety «<a href="/wiki/Vin" title="Vin">vin</a>», men ordet kan også ha sin opprinnelse i den <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">etiopiske</a> regionen Kaffa, et tradisjonelt område for kaffeproduksjon. Kaffe kalles for øvrig <i>buno</i> i Etiopia.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Female_coffee_farmer_in_Ethiopia_(5762538117).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Female_coffee_farmer_in_Ethiopia_%285762538117%29.jpg/250px-Female_coffee_farmer_in_Ethiopia_%285762538117%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Female_coffee_farmer_in_Ethiopia_%285762538117%29.jpg/375px-Female_coffee_farmer_in_Ethiopia_%285762538117%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Female_coffee_farmer_in_Ethiopia_%285762538117%29.jpg/500px-Female_coffee_farmer_in_Ethiopia_%285762538117%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1119" data-file-height="940" /></a><figcaption>Kaffearbeider med en kurv kaffebønner i Etiopia.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etiopia">Etiopia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Etiopia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Etiopia"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det eldste sporet vi finner etter kaffe er en <a href="/wiki/500" title="500">1500</a> år gammel historie fra <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a> om <a href="/wiki/Gjeter" title="Gjeter">gjeteren</a> Kaldi. Kaldi oppdaget at <a href="/wiki/Geit" title="Geit">geitene</a> oppførte seg merkelig etter at de spiste en <a href="/wiki/Botanikk" title="Botanikk">plante</a> med røde <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A6r" title="Bær">bær</a>. Geitene fikk ikke sove om kvelden. Han fortalte det til en <a href="/wiki/Munk" title="Munk">munk</a>, som straks fattet interesse for fenomenet og helte varmt <a href="/wiki/Vann" title="Vann">vann</a> over bærene. Munkene hadde tidligere hatt problemer med å holde seg våkne under bønnestundene, men ikke nå lenger. Forklaringen er i beste fall en <a href="/wiki/Vandrehistorie" title="Vandrehistorie">vandrehistorie</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_første_kaffehusene"><span id="De_f.C3.B8rste_kaffehusene"></span>De første kaffehusene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: De første kaffehusene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen De første kaffehusene"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det vi vet helt sikkert er at det begynte å dukke opp kaffehus i Jemen, ikke langt unna Etiopia, og andre steder på <a href="/wiki/Den_arabiske_halv%C3%B8y" title="Den arabiske halvøy">Den arabiske halvøy</a> for minst 700 år siden. Dette området var på denne tiden dominert av <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>, og folk kunne derfor ikke åpent nyte <a href="/wiki/Vin" title="Vin">vin</a> eller annen type <a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">alkohol</a> lenger. Disse kaffehusene utviklet seg etterhvert til å bli samlingsplasser der folk kunne komme for å spille <a href="/wiki/Sjakk" title="Sjakk">sjakk</a>, diskutere, og høre på <a href="/wiki/Musikk" title="Musikk">musikk</a>. Etter hvert spredte kaffehusene seg videre i det <a href="/wiki/Ottomanske" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottomanske">ottomanske</a> riket. Damaskus og Kairo fikk sine fra ca. 1530, og ca. 1555 ble det første etablert i <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel">Konstantinopel</a>. Gjennom handelsvirksomheten mellom Det ottomanske riket og <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Venezia" title="Republikken Venezia">Republikken Venezia</a> spredte kaffehus-skikken seg til <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>, og i <a href="/wiki/1629" title="1629">1629</a> fikk byen <a href="/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia">Venezia</a> sitt første kaffehus. Men det var først hos <a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia">britene</a> at utbredelsen av kaffehus virkelig begynte å ta av i Europa (<a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, 1645). I <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a> hadde <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> over 3000 kaffehus. Der var det den britiske <a href="/wiki/Adel" title="Adel">adelen</a> og de intellektuelle møttes for å slå av en prat om viktige emner.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medisinsk_bruk">Medisinsk bruk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Medisinsk bruk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Medisinsk bruk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>På <a href="/wiki/18._%C3%A5rhundre" title="18. århundre">1700-tallet</a> ble kaffe gitt til munker og prester i <a href="/wiki/Den_katolske_kirke" title="Den katolske kirke">den katolske kirke</a> som antipotensmiddel. Kaffen hadde et rykte på seg for å motvirke <a href="/wiki/Erotikk" title="Erotikk">erotiske</a> følelser og gjøre menn <a href="/wiki/Impotens" class="mw-redirect" title="Impotens">impotente</a>. Dette er ikke noe som er vitenskapelig forankret. I tillegg var det vanlig å selge kaffe på <a href="/wiki/Apotek" title="Apotek">apoteker</a> som <a href="/wiki/Avf%C3%B8ringsmiddel" title="Avføringsmiddel">avføringsmiddel</a>. Kaffe var å betrakte som et universalmiddel. De <a href="/wiki/Fysiologi" title="Fysiologi">fysiologiske</a> egenskaper og virkninger man mente å finne i kaffen kan virke forbausende i dag: «kaffe hjelper mot luft i tarmene, den styrker leveren og <a href="/wiki/Gallebl%C3%A6ren" class="mw-redirect" title="Galleblæren">gallen</a>, lindrer <a href="/wiki/Vatersott" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatersott">vatersott</a>, renser blodet, beroliger maven, skjerper appetitten, men kan også dempe den, holder en våken, men kan også virke søvndyssende, den roer ned hissige temperament, og motsatt heter opp kjølig natur».<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Import_og_bruk_av_kaffe_–_Norge_1694–1821"><span id="Import_og_bruk_av_kaffe_.E2.80.93_Norge_1694.E2.80.931821"></span>Import og bruk av kaffe – Norge 1694–1821</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Import og bruk av kaffe – Norge 1694–1821" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Import og bruk av kaffe – Norge 1694–1821"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vi regner med at kaffe ble introdusert i Norge på slutten av 1600-tallet, men den var dyr og var lenge forbeholdt et sjikt av velstående borgere. Det første dokumenterte spor etter kaffe i <a href="/wiki/Christiania" class="mw-redirect" title="Christiania">Christiania</a> finner vi i et skifte etter overtollbetjent Nicolay Flygl fra 1694. Her nevnes: «<i>1 kofi potte og kiel av blich, verds 2 ort.</i>»<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> En må anta at en god del av kaffen som ankom Norge de første årene ikke var ren import med tanke på videresalg, men ble medbrakt av handelsmenn som drakk kaffe selv og som introduserte den eksotiske drikken til sine økonomiske kontakter og nære bekjente. Reisejournalen til Eberhard Zetner, en handelsmann fra <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, fra år 1700 omtaler et besøk i <a href="/wiki/Arendal" title="Arendal">Arendal</a> der han bød en kjøpmann, og senere kjøpmannens datter, på kaffe.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Den registrerte importen av kaffe på tidlig 1700-tallet var lav, men økte raskt. Ifølge prosjektet «Historiske toll- og skipsanløpslister»s database over tollistene på nettet mottok tollstedene Arendal, <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christiania" class="mw-redirect" title="Christiania">Christiania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molde" title="Molde">Molde</a> og <a href="/wiki/Trondheim" title="Trondheim">Trondheim</a> i 1733 til sammen 640&#160;kg kaffebønner.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dette var så små mengder at kun de velstående kan ha konsumert drikken. I 1756 hadde mengden importert kaffe økt til 17,5&#160;tonn, og man ser at kaffe hadde spredt seg til enkelte velstående familier i innlandet, da en rik bondekvinne i Ringsaker serverte kaffe i 1740.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> De fem tollstedene beholdt altså ikke all kaffen selv, men distribuerte også kaffe til sine omland. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Graf_Kaffeimport_1732-1794.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Import av kaffe til tollstedene Arendal, Bergen, Christiania, Molde og Trondheim i perioden 1732-1794. Man ser en sterk økning i kaffeimport i de store tollstedene." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Graf_Kaffeimport_1732-1794.png/250px-Graf_Kaffeimport_1732-1794.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Graf_Kaffeimport_1732-1794.png/375px-Graf_Kaffeimport_1732-1794.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Graf_Kaffeimport_1732-1794.png/500px-Graf_Kaffeimport_1732-1794.png 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>Graf over import av kaffe til fem tollsteder i perioden 1732–94.</figcaption></figure> <p>Den største økningen i denne perioden skjedde de neste 38 årene, og i 1794 var importen av kaffebønner til de fem havnene kommet opp i hele 200 tonn.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dette tilsvarte nesten fire hundre ganger så mye kaffe som i 1733, kun 61 år tidligere. Store deler av kaffen ble importert via København, men handelsskip fra franske kolonier stod også for en stor andel av importen til Norge, da Frankrike produserte opp imot halvparten av verdens kaffe på slutten av 1700-tallet.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Den økende importen av kaffe viser at Norge på 1700-tallet hadde etterspørsel etter luksusvarer, og at spiren til et <a href="/wiki/Forbrukersamfunn" title="Forbrukersamfunn">forbrukersamfunn</a> lå der allerede for ca. 250 år siden. Fortsatt var kaffen så dyr at den nok var forbeholdt de mer velstående, som handelsmenn og embetsmenn, men kanskje hadde vanlige borgere i 1794 råd til kaffe til spesielle anledninger. Selv om importen økte stort gjennom 1700-tallet, kom nok den store utbredelsen av kaffe her i landet først på 1800-tallet, da kaffen gradvis ble en folkedrikk. </p><p>Sommeren <a href="/wiki/1821" title="1821">1821</a> gikk professor <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hansteen_(astronom)" title="Christopher Hansteen (astronom)">Christopher Hansteen</a> til fots fra <a href="/wiki/Christiania" class="mw-redirect" title="Christiania">Christiania</a> til <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>, og da han kom til <a href="/wiki/Uvdal" title="Uvdal">Uvdal</a> øverst i <a href="/wiki/Numedal" title="Numedal">Numedal</a>, forteller han: «<i><a href="/wiki/Te" title="Te">Te</a> og kaffe kjenner man i det høyeste av navn, og om enn de reisende medbringer samme, kan man ikke få dem tillavet av mangel på <a href="/wiki/Melk" title="Melk">melk</a> og fløte og av mangel på koke- og drikkekar</i>.» (Når Hansteen ikke kunne få melk, må dette skyldes at <a href="/wiki/Buskap" class="mw-redirect" title="Buskap">buskapen</a> var til <a href="/wiki/Seter" title="Seter">seters</a>.) Utover på bygdene ble det neppe drukket noe særlig kaffe før omkring 1840–50, og mange steder tok det enda lenger tid før kaffen ble hverdagsdrikk.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><i></i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="I_vår_tid"><span id="I_v.C3.A5r_tid"></span>I vår tid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: I vår tid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen I vår tid"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I dag regnes kaffe som en sosial drikk, men med svært forskjellige anvendelsesmåter fra land til land og i forskjellige kulturer. Mange starter dagen med en kopp eller to til <a href="/wiki/Frokost" title="Frokost">frokost</a> på grunn av dens oppkvikkende effekt. Vi går stadig oftere på kaféer og <a href="/wiki/Kaffebar" title="Kaffebar">kaffebarer</a>, og variasjoner av den <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">italienske</a> tilberedningsmåten <a href="/wiki/Espresso" title="Espresso">espresso</a> blir stadig vanligere. I <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> og <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> står espresso for nesten all kommersiell kaffe.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Små kaffebarer har gjort kaffe til del av en moderne livsstil<sup id="cite_ref-Kaffe_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaffe-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og introduserte espresso-baserte kaffedrikker i stadig flere land. Mest kjent internasjonalt er kanskje den <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>-baserte <a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a>-kjeden som i 1971 laget en standard <a href="/wiki/Merkevare" class="mw-redirect" title="Merkevare">merkevare</a> av kaffe og kaffebarer for massemarkedet, og i dag har virksomhet i 49 land.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:V60_handbrewer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/V60_handbrewer.jpg/250px-V60_handbrewer.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/V60_handbrewer.jpg/375px-V60_handbrewer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/V60_handbrewer.jpg/500px-V60_handbrewer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>Eksempel på V60 håndbrygger.</figcaption></figure> <p>I 2004 lanserte den japanske utstyrskjeden Hario sin V60-patent, som ble starten på en håndbrygger-trend utover 2000-tallet. Håndbryggeren V60 er en parabol trakt med et hull i den nedre enden, i trakten legges kaffefilteret med kvernet kaffe. V60-teknikken har vunnet 5 av 7 år mellom 2011 og 2017 i <i>World Brewer's Cup</i>, VM for håndbryggere.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kaffe er sunnere enn vann, iallfall i områder med <a href="/wiki/Tungmetall" title="Tungmetall">tungmetaller</a> i <a href="/wiki/Drikkevann" title="Drikkevann">drikkevannet</a>. Forsøk har vist at <a href="/wiki/Kaffefilter" title="Kaffefilter">kaffefilteret</a> og bønnene tar opp rundt 90&#160;% av <a href="/wiki/Kobber" title="Kobber">kobber</a> og <a href="/wiki/Bly" title="Bly">bly</a> i vannet under tilberedningen.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="En_verden_av_kaffe">En verden av kaffe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: En verden av kaffe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen En verden av kaffe"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Omtrent ti millioner mennesker jobber lavtlønnet (relativt sett) på <a href="/wiki/Kaffeplantasje" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaffeplantasje">kaffeplantasjer</a> i kaffeproduksjonens kjerneland. En enkelt kaffeplukker kan plukke omtrent 50&#8211;100&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kg</a> frukt hver dag, noe som tilsvarer 10&#8211;20&#160;kg rå kaffe. Avlinger fra <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> og <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> utgjør omtrent 40&#160;% av kaffeproduksjonen på verdensbasis. I <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a> var all verdens kaffeproduksjon totalt oppe i 100 millioner sekker kaffe.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Coffee_bubbles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Coffee_bubbles.jpg/250px-Coffee_bubbles.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Coffee_bubbles.jpg/375px-Coffee_bubbles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Coffee_bubbles.jpg/500px-Coffee_bubbles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Fersk kaffe med bobler.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> er verdens største marked for kaffe, mens <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> ligger på andreplass. <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> er det landet der man konsumerer mest kaffe per innbygger (12,0&#160;kg), etterfulgt av Norge (9,9&#160;kg) og Island (9,0&#160;kg) (Disse tallene er fra 2006 til 2008.) Senere års <a href="/wiki/Statistikk" title="Statistikk">statistikker</a> over konsum plasserer de nordiske landene blant de 6–7 øverste, ofte med Finland og Norge på topp. </p><p>Noen vanlige, norske vaner når det gjelder kaffe, er morgenkaffe og <a href="/wiki/Kaffepause" title="Kaffepause">kaffepause</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Både i <a href="/wiki/Nord-Amerika" title="Nord-Amerika">Nord-Amerika</a> og <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> er kaffe og kaffevarianter så populært at mange kaféer spesialiserer seg på kaffe som en videreføring av de gamle kaffehusene. De fleste selger også andre varer, som <a href="/wiki/Te" title="Te">te</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kakao" title="Kakao">kakao</a>, pai, <a href="/wiki/Kake" title="Kake">kaker</a>, rundstykker og lignende. </p><p>Kaffe kan være vanedannende, men eventuell <a href="/wiki/Abstinens" title="Abstinens">abstinens</a> gir seg etter en ukes tid.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Den oppkvikkende effekten skyldes at koffein er nært beslektet med <a href="/wiki/Signalstoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Signalstoff">signalstoffet</a> <a href="/wiki/Adenosin" title="Adenosin">adenosin</a>. Dette fremkaller tretthetsfølelse ved å binde seg til reseptorer i hjernen. Koffein er såpass likt at det fester seg til de samme reseptorene, men uten å utløse slik tretthet. Man kjenner seg derfor mer våken. Når adenosinet i stedet flyter rundt i hjernen, påvirker dette <a href="/wiki/Binyre" title="Binyre">binyrene</a> til å utskille <a href="/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin">adrenalin</a>, slik at mye kaffe fremkaller hjertebank. Koppen tilpasser seg dette ved å øke antallet adenosin-reseptorer. Derfor kan man føle seg ekstra trett hvis man ikke får sin tilvante dose med kaffe.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dyrking">Dyrking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Dyrking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Dyrking"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Carte_Coffea_robusta_arabic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Carte_Coffea_robusta_arabic.svg/300px-Carte_Coffea_robusta_arabic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Carte_Coffea_robusta_arabic.svg/450px-Carte_Coffea_robusta_arabic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Carte_Coffea_robusta_arabic.svg/600px-Carte_Coffea_robusta_arabic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption>Kart over områder hvor det dyrkes kaffe:<br /> r:<i><a href="/wiki/Coffea_canephora" title="Coffea canephora">Coffea canephora</a></i><br /> m:<i>Coffea canephora</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Coffea_arabica" title="Coffea arabica">Coffea arabica</a></i><br /> a:<i>Coffea arabica</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Den tradisjonelle metoden for å plante kaffe er å sette 20 frø i hvert hull i begynnelsen av <a href="/wiki/Regntid" title="Regntid">regntiden</a>, rundt halvparten av disse vil da elimineres naturlig. En mer effektiv dyrkingsmetode som brukes i Brasil, er å drive fram frøplanter i gartnerier. Disse plantes deretter ut etter seks til tolv måneder. Kaffe plantes ofte sammen med andre matvekster, for eksempel <a href="/wiki/Mais" title="Mais">mais</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8nner" class="mw-redirect" title="Bønner">bønner</a>, eller <a href="/wiki/Ris" title="Ris">ris</a> i løpet av de første årene.<sup id="cite_ref-Purdue_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purdue-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Av de to viktigste artene er arabica-kaffe (fra<i> C. arabica</i>) generelt mer anerkjent enn robusta-kaffe (fra<i> C. canephora</i>), robusta er gjerne litt mer bitter og har mindre smak, men bedre fylde enn arabica. På grunn av dette er omtrent tre fjerdedeler av kaffen som dyrkes over hele verden <i>C. Arabica</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ICO_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICO-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Robustabønnene inneholder også om lag 40–50&#160;% mer koffein enn arabica.<sup id="cite_ref-EA763_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA763-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> På grunn av dette brukes de som en billig erstatning for arabica i mange kommersielle kaffeblandinger. Høykvalitets robusta-bønner blir brukt i noen <a href="/wiki/Espresso" title="Espresso">espressoblandinger</a> for å gi en fyldig smak, et bedre skumlag (kjent som <i>crema</i>), og for å senke kostnadene.<sup id="cite_ref-Reynolds_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Coffea canephora</i> er mindre utsatt for sykdom enn <i>Coffea arabica</i> og kan dyrkes i lavere høyder og varmere klima der arabica ikke vil trives. Robustastammen ble første gang samlet i 1890 fra <a href="/wiki/Lomami_(elv)" title="Lomami (elv)">Lomamielva</a>, en sideelv til Kongo-elva, og ble formidlet fra Zaire til Brussel til Java rundt 1900. Fra Java ble planten spredt over større deler av verden, og i dag dyrkes robusta spesielt i Vest- og Sentral-Afrika. </p><p>Over 900 arter av insekter har blitt registrert som skadelige for kaffeavlinger over hele verden. Av disse er over en tredel er <a href="/wiki/Biller" title="Biller">biller</a>, og over en fjerdedel er <a href="/wiki/Nebbmunner" title="Nebbmunner">nebbmunner</a>. Rundt 20 arter av nematoder, 9 arter av midd og flere sneglearter angriper også kaffeavlinger. Fugler og gnagere kan spise kaffebærene, men skadene deres er små sammenlignet med virvelløse dyr<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Generelt er <i>Arabica</i> mer følsomme for angrep av virvelløse dyr. Hver del av kaffeplanten blir angrepet av forskjellige dyr. Nematoder angriper røttene, og biller borer seg ned i røtter og treaktig materiale, bladverket angripes av over 100 arter av larvene til <a href="/wiki/Sommerfugler" title="Sommerfugler">sommerfugler og møll</a>. </p> <div style="float:right;margin-left:8px;"> <table class="wikitable" style="clear:both;"> <caption>Topp tjue produsenter av grønn kaffe (2007) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ddf;">Rank </th> <th style="background:#ddf;">Land </th> <th style="background:#ddf;"><a href="/wiki/Tonn" title="Tonn">Tonn</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background:#ddf;">Sekker (1000)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil"><img alt="Brasils flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;">2&#160;249&#160;010</td> <td style="text-align:center;">36&#160;070 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnams flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/22px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/33px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/44px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;">961&#160;200</td> <td style="text-align:center;">16&#160;467 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombias flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;">697&#160;377</td> <td style="text-align:center;">12&#160;504 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesias flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;">676&#160;475</td> <td style="text-align:center;">7&#160;751 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras"><img alt="Honduras’ flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/22px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/33px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/44px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-unoff_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unoff-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align:center;">355&#160;000</td> <td style="text-align:center;">5&#160;200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia"><img alt="Etiopias flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-unoff_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unoff-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align:center;">325&#160;800</td> <td style="text-align:center;">4&#160;906 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="Indias flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;">288&#160;000</td> <td style="text-align:center;">4&#160;150 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexicos flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;">268&#160;565</td> <td style="text-align:center;">4&#160;148 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala"><img alt="Guatemalas flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/33px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/44px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-unoff_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unoff-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align:center;">252&#160;000</td> <td style="text-align:center;">4&#160;100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Perus flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/22px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/33px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/44px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;">225&#160;992</td> <td style="text-align:center;">2&#160;953 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Elfenbenskysten" title="Elfenbenskysten"><img alt="Elfenbenskystens flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/22px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/33px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/44px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Elfenbenskysten" title="Elfenbenskysten">Elfenbenskysten</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;">170&#160;849</td> <td style="text-align:center;">2&#160;150 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda"><img alt="Ugandas flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;">168&#160;000</td> <td style="text-align:center;">3&#160;250 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica"><img alt="Costa Ricas flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/22px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/33px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/44px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;">124&#160;055</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1&#160;791 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Filippinene" title="Filippinene"><img alt="Filippinenes flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Filippinene" title="Filippinene">Filippinene</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;">97&#160;877</td> <td style="text-align:center;">431 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador"><img alt="El Salvadors flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/22px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/33px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/44px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;">95&#160;456</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1&#160;626 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua"><img alt="Nicaraguas flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;">90&#160;909</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1&#160;700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Papua_Ny-Guinea" title="Papua Ny-Guinea"><img alt="Papua Ny-Guineas flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/22px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/33px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/44px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Papua_Ny-Guinea" title="Papua Ny-Guinea">Papua Ny-Guinea</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-unoff_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unoff-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align:center;">75&#160;400</td> <td style="text-align:center;">968 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuelas flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/22px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/33px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/44px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;">70&#160;311</td> <td style="text-align:center;">897 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar"><img alt="Madagaskars flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/22px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/33px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/44px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align:center;">62&#160;000</td> <td style="text-align:center;">604 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailands flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/22px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/33px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/44px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;">55&#160;660</td> <td style="text-align:center;">653 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Verden<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7&#160;742&#160;675 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">117&#160;319 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-unoff-27"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-unoff_27-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unoff_27-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unoff_27-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unoff_27-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Uoffisiell/semioffisiell/mirror data</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">FAO overslag</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Aggregert (kan inkludere offisiell, semioffisiell, eller overslag)</span> </li> </ol></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dyrking_på_verdensbasis"><span id="Dyrking_p.C3.A5_verdensbasis"></span>Dyrking på verdensbasis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Dyrking på verdensbasis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Dyrking på verdensbasis"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I 2009 var <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> verdensledende innen produksjon av grønn kaffe, etterfulgt av <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> og <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Arabicabønner dyrkes i <a href="/wiki/Latin-Amerika" title="Latin-Amerika">Latin-Amerika</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%98st-Afrika" title="Øst-Afrika">Øst-Afrika</a>, Arabia, eller Asia og Robustabønnene i Vest-og <a href="/wiki/Sentral-Afrika" title="Sentral-Afrika">Sentral-Afrika</a>, gjennom <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r%C3%B8st-Asia" title="Sørøst-Asia">Sørøst-Asia</a>, og til en viss grad i Brasil<sup id="cite_ref-ICO_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICO-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Bønner fra ulike land eller regioner kan vanligvis være preget av forskjeller i smak, aroma, fylde og surhetsgrad<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Disse smaksegenskapene er avhengige ikke bare av regionen hvor kaffen dyrkes, men også av genetiske underart og prosessering.<sup id="cite_ref-castle_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castle-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Underartene deler vanligvis navn med regionen de er dyrket i, for eksempel colombiansk kaffe, Javakaffe og Konakaffe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Økologiske_effekter"><span id=".C3.98kologiske_effekter"></span>Økologiske effekter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Økologiske effekter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Økologiske effekter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Coffee_Flowers_Show.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coffee_Flowers_Show.jpg/250px-Coffee_Flowers_Show.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coffee_Flowers_Show.jpg/375px-Coffee_Flowers_Show.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coffee_Flowers_Show.jpg/500px-Coffee_Flowers_Show.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Et blomstrende <i>Coffea arabica</i>-tre i en Brasiliansk plantasje</figcaption></figure> <p>Opprinnelig ble kaffedyrkingen gjort i skyggen av trær som ga en habitat for mange dyr og insekter.<sup id="cite_ref-Janzen_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janzen-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Eksisterende trær ble brukt til dette formålet, men mange arter har også blitt plantet i tillegg. Denne metoden er ofte referert til som den tradisjonelle skyggemetoden, eller «skygge-vekst». Siden 1970-tallet har mange bønder byttet produksjonsmetode til soldyrking, der kaffe dyrkes i rader under full sol med lite eller ingen skygge. Dette fører til at bærene modnes raskere og buskene gir høyere avkastning, men det krever rydding av trær og økt bruk av gjødsel og plantevernmidler, som skader miljøet og kan forårsake helseproblemer.<sup id="cite_ref-Salvesen_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salvesen-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Til syvende og sist gir soldyrket kaffe i kombinasjon med bruk av gjødsel de rikeste kaffeavlingene, selv om ugjødslede skyggevokste avlinger generelt gir høyere utbytte enn ugjødslede soldyrkede avlinger. Effekten av gjødsel er mye større i full sol. Selv om tradisjonell kaffeproduksjon fører til at bærene modnes saktere og gir lavere avkastning, er kvaliteten på kaffen angivelig overlegen.<sup id="cite_ref-cec1999_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cec1999-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I tillegg gir den tradisjonelle skyggelagte metoden hjem til mange ville dyrearter. Tilhengere av skyggedyrking sier <a href="/wiki/Menneskelig_innvirkning_p%C3%A5_naturmilj%C3%B8et" title="Menneskelig innvirkning på naturmiljøet">miljøproblemer</a> som avskoging, forurensning av plantevernmidler, habitatødeleggelse og jord- og vannforringelse er bivirkningene av soldyrking<sup id="cite_ref-Janzen_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janzen-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Kaffeproduksjon er også en svært vannkrevende prosess. Ifølge <i><a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a></i> går det i det industrielle jordbruket med omtrent 140 liter vann for å dyrke kaffebønnene som trengs for å produsere én kopp kaffe, og kaffen er ofte dyrket i land der det er vannmangel, for eksempel <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ved å bruke <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A6rekraft" title="Bærekraft">bærekraftige landbruksmetoder</a> kan vannforbruket reduseres dramatisk samtidig som den sammenlignbare avkastningen opprettholdes. </p><p>Starbucks sjef for bærekraft Jim Hanna har advart om at <a href="/wiki/Klimaendringene" class="mw-redirect" title="Klimaendringene">klimaendringene</a> kan eliminere kaffeproduksjon innen noen få tiår.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I tillegg øker etterspørselen etter kaffe på verdensbasis, og det anslås at produksjonen må økes med 25–30 millioner kaffesekker for å dekke etterspørselen i 2020. Med dagens produksjonsnivå vil dette kunne kreve en million hektar land mer.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/UTZ_Certified" title="UTZ Certified">UTZ Certified</a> er en merkeordning og et program for bærekraftig jordbruk som ble lansert i 2002, og som i 2014 var det største programmet i verden for bærekraftig produksjon av kaffe og kakao. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Handel">Handel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Handel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Handel"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Handmaking_coffee_in_Indonesia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Handmaking_coffee_in_Indonesia.jpg/250px-Handmaking_coffee_in_Indonesia.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Handmaking_coffee_in_Indonesia.jpg/375px-Handmaking_coffee_in_Indonesia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Handmaking_coffee_in_Indonesia.jpg/500px-Handmaking_coffee_in_Indonesia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption>Produksjon av kaffe på <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> i <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: Chmouel Boudjnah </div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internasjonalt">Internasjonalt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Internasjonalt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Internasjonalt"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etter <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">olje</a> er kaffe den største, lovlig omsatte råvaren på verdensmarkedet. Man regner med at omtrent 100 millioner mennesker er involvert i kaffeproduksjon og handel totalt. Kaffe produseres av mange småbønder (familiebruk), men også på større plantasjer. <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> er et av landene som har kommet langt i en <a href="/wiki/Industrialisering" title="Industrialisering">industrialisering</a> av kaffeproduksjonen.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kaffe handles på <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A5vareb%C3%B8rs" title="Råvarebørs">råvarebørser</a> i blant annet <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> og <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>. Der handler man med futures. En future er en avtale om kjøp av et parti av en <a href="/wiki/Vare" title="Vare">vare</a> til en bestemt <a href="/wiki/Pris_(%C3%B8konomi)" title="Pris (økonomi)">pris</a> til et bestemt tidspunkt i fremtiden. Prisen på kaffe blir avgjort ved kjøp og salg av futures på råvarebørsene. Prisen svinger etter tilbud og etterspørsel; for eksempel har tørke i Brasil fått prisen til å stige kraftig i perioder.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fram til 1989 ble prisen forsøkt regulert av <a href="/wiki/International_Coffee_Organization" title="International Coffee Organization">International Coffee Organization</a> (ICO), en internasjonal organisasjon med både kaffeeksportører og kaffeimportører som medlemmer. Gjennom avtaler ble det delt ut <a href="/wiki/Kvote" title="Kvote">kvoter</a> til de kaffeproduserende landene, som sørget for at produksjonen sto i forhold til etterspørselen. Dette samarbeidet brøt sammen i <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Etter 1989 falt prisene på kaffe dramatisk. Dette har ført til opprettelsen av flere organisasjoner som arbeider for etisk / <a href="/wiki/Rettferdig_handel" title="Rettferdig handel">rettferdig handel</a> (engelsk <i>fair trade</i>). I Norge har organisasjonen <a href="/wiki/Stiftelsen_Fairtrade_Max_Havelaar_Norge" class="mw-redirect" title="Stiftelsen Fairtrade Max Havelaar Norge">Max Havelaar</a> gjort dette siden juni i 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rettferdig_handel">Rettferdig handel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Rediger avsnitt: Rettferdig handel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Rettferdig handel"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Merkingen «<a href="/wiki/Rettferdig_handel" title="Rettferdig handel">Rettferdig handel</a>», som garanterer at kaffedyrkere mottar en pris forhandlet fram før høsting, begynte med <a href="/wiki/Stiftelsen_Fairtrade_Norge" title="Stiftelsen Fairtrade Norge">Stichting Max Havelaars</a> program for merking av matvarer i Nederland. I 2004 var 24&#160;222 tonn kaffe (av 7&#160;050&#160;000 produsert på verdensbasis) merket rettferdig handel, i 2005 33&#160;991 av 6&#160;685&#160;000 tonn, en økning fra 0,34&#160;% til 0,51&#160;%.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> En rekke konsekvensutredninger har vist at rettferdig handel av kaffe har en positiv innvirkning på de samfunnene som dyrker den. Kaffe ble innlemmet i «rettferdig handel»-bevegelsen i 1988, da <a href="/wiki/Max_Havelaar" class="mw-disambig" title="Max Havelaar">Max Havelaar</a>-merket ble innført i Nederland. Den aller første <i>fair-trade</i>-kaffen var et forsøk på å importere en <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">guatemalansk</a> kaffe inn i Europa som <i>Indio Solidaritet Coffee</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Siden opprettelsen av organisasjoner som <i>European Fair Trade Association</i> (1987), har produksjon og forbruk av «rettferdig handel»-merket kaffe vokst ettersom lokale og nasjonale kaffekjeder har begynt å tilby <i>fair trade</i>-alternativer.<sup id="cite_ref-efta2009_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-efta2009-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I april 2000, etter en et år lang kampanje igangsatt av menneskerettighetsorganisasjonen <i>Global Exchange</i>, besluttet <a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a> å tilby <i>fair-trade</i>-kaffe i sine utsalg,<sup id="cite_ref-pelsmacker2005_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pelsmacker2005-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og siden september 2009 har alle Starbucks espresso-drikker i Storbritannia og Irland vært laget med <i>fair trade</i>-sertifisert kaffe.<sup id="cite_ref-sbft_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sbft-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>En studie gjort i Belgia i 2005 konkluderte med at forbrukernes kjøpsatferd ikke samsvarer med deres positive holdning til etiske produkter. I gjennomsnitt 46&#160;% av europeiske forbrukere hevdet å være villig til å betale vesentlig mer for etiske produkter, inkludert <i>fair-trade</i>-produkter som kaffe.<sup id="cite_ref-pelsmacker2005_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pelsmacker2005-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Studien fant at flertallet av respondentene ikke var villige til å betale det faktiske pristillegget på 27&#160;% for «rettferdig handel»-kaffe.<sup id="cite_ref-pelsmacker2005_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pelsmacker2005-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kaffehus_i_Norge">Kaffehus i Norge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kaffehus i Norge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kaffehus i Norge"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Norge har fire store kaffebrennerier: <a href="/wiki/Kaffehuset_Friele" title="Kaffehuset Friele">Kaffehuset Friele</a> (Bergen), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joh._Johannson_Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joh. Johannson Kaffe (ikke skrevet ennå)">Joh. Johannson Kaffe</a> (Oslo), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coop_Norge_Handel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coop Norge Handel (ikke skrevet ennå)">Coop Norge Handel</a> Kaffe (Oslo) og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjeldsberg_Kaffebrenneri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kjeldsberg Kaffebrenneri (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kjeldsberg Kaffebrenneri</a> (Trondheim). Disse står for størstedelen av kaffen som selges i dagligvarehandelen. I tillegg finnes noen mindre kaffebrennerier som leverer til <a href="/wiki/Kaffebar" title="Kaffebar">kaffebarer</a>, kaffeautomater og <a href="/wiki/Kantine" title="Kantine">kantiner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Disse mindre kaffebrenneriene importerer stort sett kaffe som ofte defineres som <a href="/wiki/Spesialkaffe" title="Spesialkaffe">spesialkaffe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaffesorter">Kaffesorter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kaffesorter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kaffesorter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bourbon_Coffee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bourbon_Coffee.jpg/250px-Bourbon_Coffee.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bourbon_Coffee.jpg/375px-Bourbon_Coffee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bourbon_Coffee.jpg/500px-Bourbon_Coffee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Gule kaffebær fra Brasil<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: Marcelo Corrêa </div></figcaption></figure> <p>Det finnes mange forskjellige sorter kaffe, men de tre vanligste er <a href="/wiki/Coffea_arabica" title="Coffea arabica">Coffea arabica</a>, som er dyrest å produsere og utgjør 75&#160;% av all kaffeproduksjon i verden, <a href="/wiki/Coffea_canephora" title="Coffea canephora">Coffea robusta</a>, som utgjør 25&#160;% av verdens kaffeproduksjon og har en kraftigere smak enn hva arabica har. Den brukes derfor ofte i <a href="/wiki/Espresso" title="Espresso">espressoblandinger</a> for å gi en kraftigere smak. Den tredje er <a href="/wiki/Coffea_liberica" title="Coffea liberica">Coffea liberica</a>, som også er kraftig i smaken. Denne er i dag nesten ubetydelig i handelssammenheng med kun 1&#160;%.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>I Norge er nesten all kaffe som selges av arten Arabica, også i butikk. Kun 2&#160;% av all import er Robusta, som bare brukes i de aller, aller billigste blandingene. </p><p>Noen av verdens dyreste kaffesorter er såkalte <a href="/wiki/Blue_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Mountain">Blue Mountain</a>-sorter, en kaffe som bl.a. vokser i høyden på øyene <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(%C3%B8y)" title="Java (øy)">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kona" class="mw-redirect" title="Kona">Kona</a> og Tanzanian Peaberry. 1&#160;kg Jamaica Blue Mountain koster gjerne 800–1&#160;000 kroner. Skal kaffen falle inn i kategorien Blue Mountain, må kaffebuskene vokse innen et definert, geografisk område og bestå kvalitetskravene til <i>The Coffee Board</i>. Godkjent kaffe får et sertifikat som bekrefter at dette er ren og ekte vare.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den dyreste kaffen er trolig <a href="/wiki/Kopi_luwak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kopi luwak">Kopi luwak</a>, som koster over <span class="nowrap">1&#160;000 USD pr. kg</span>. Kaffen kommer fra de tre indonesiske øyene <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, Java og <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a>. Der denne kaffeplanten vokser blir de beste bærene spist av <a href="/wiki/Asiatisk_palmesivett" title="Asiatisk palmesivett">asiatisk palmesivett</a> (også kalt desmerkatt, et mår-lignende dyr), og kommer ut gjennom dens avføring. Deretter blir kaffebønnen plukket opp, vasket og ristet som vanlig kaffe. Den årlige produksjonen av Kopi luwak estimeres til <span class="nowrap">ca. 250 kg</span>. I USA koster en kopp Kopi luwak-kaffe <span class="nowrap">ca. 60 kroner</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bearbeidelse">Bearbeidelse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bearbeidelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bearbeidelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Unroasted_coffee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Unroasted_coffee.jpg/250px-Unroasted_coffee.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Unroasted_coffee.jpg/375px-Unroasted_coffee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Unroasted_coffee.jpg/500px-Unroasted_coffee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Ubrente kaffebønner (coffea arabica). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: Fernando Rebelo </div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Canephora.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Canephora.jpg/250px-Canephora.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Canephora.jpg/375px-Canephora.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Canephora.jpg/500px-Canephora.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption>Ubrente kaffebønner (coffea canephora / Robusta).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Roasted_coffee_beans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Roasted_coffee_beans.jpg/250px-Roasted_coffee_beans.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Roasted_coffee_beans.jpg/375px-Roasted_coffee_beans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Roasted_coffee_beans.jpg/500px-Roasted_coffee_beans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Brente kaffebønner.</figcaption></figure> <p>Etter at kaffebærene er plukket fra trærne blir <a href="/wiki/Fruktkj%C3%B8tt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruktkjøtt">fruktkjøttet</a> og hinnen fjernet, slik at selve kaffebønnen kommer frem. Denne prosessen kan foregå på to måter – tørr og våt.<sup id="cite_ref-friele_fjerning_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-friele_fjerning-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tørr_bearbeidelse"><span id="T.C3.B8rr_bearbeidelse"></span>Tørr bearbeidelse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Rediger avsnitt: Tørr bearbeidelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Tørr bearbeidelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ved «<i>den tørre metoden</i>» blir bærene renset for blad, kvister, stein og jordklumper. Dette skjer i smale skyllerenner med rennende <a href="/wiki/Vann" title="Vann">vann</a> hvor det tunge smusset synker til bunns, mens løv og kvister flyter ovenpå. Kaffebærene samles i en avløpssilo. Kaffebærene spres så ut på en steinlagt tørkeplass, der de snus flere ganger om dagen for at <a href="/wiki/Solen" title="Solen">sol</a> og <a href="/wiki/Vind" title="Vind">vind</a> skal tørke fruktene jevnt. Om natten blir kaffefruktene samlet i store hauger og dekket med presenninger for å holde fuktigheten ute. Etter 1–3 <a href="/wiki/Ukedager" title="Ukedager">uker</a> er fruktkjøttet helt inntørket. Da blir fruktkjøttet og pergamenthinnen fjernet og kaffebønnene blir renset og sortert etter størrelse<sup id="cite_ref-friele_fjerning_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-friele_fjerning-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Våt_bearbeidelse"><span id="V.C3.A5t_bearbeidelse"></span>Våt bearbeidelse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Rediger avsnitt: Våt bearbeidelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Våt bearbeidelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>«<i>Den våte metoden</i>» er mer komplisert enn den tørre metoden. Kaffebærene føres fra kanaler med rennende vann eller fra rensebassenger til en såkalt pulper. Dette er en maskin som fjerner fruktkjøttet. Fra pulperen føres bønnene ut i vaskekanaler. Ødelagte bønner flyter opp og ledes ut i spesielle beholdere. De gode bønnene transporteres videre til tanker hvor de skal ligge og gjære i 12–16 <a href="/wiki/Time_(tidsenhet)" title="Time (tidsenhet)">timer</a>. </p><p>Det skjer en kjemisk forandring som virker inn på kaffens smak. Bærene må ikke gjære for lenge da det kan skade kvaliteten. Etter gjæringsprosessen skylles kaffebønnene i rennende vann til de blir helt rene, før de blir tørket i 4-5 dager på tørkeplassen. </p><p>Når vanninnholdet er nede på ca. 12&#160;% fjernes pergament og sølvhinnen i et treskeverk. Kaffesorter som er behandlet på denne måten kalles vaskede kaffesorter<sup id="cite_ref-friele_fjerning_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-friele_fjerning-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brygging">Brygging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Rediger avsnitt: Brygging" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Brygging"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kaffe kan brygges på flere forskjellige måter, som man kan dele opp i fire hovedgrupper etter hvordan <a href="/wiki/Vann" title="Vann">vannet</a> møter kaffepulveret. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kokepunkt" title="Kokepunkt">Koking</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tyrkisk_kaffe" title="Tyrkisk kaffe">Tyrkisk kaffe</a>. En gammel bryggemetode for kaffe, som fremdeles blir brukt mange steder i <a href="/wiki/Midt%C3%B8sten" title="Midtøsten">Midtøsten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nord-Afrika" title="Nord-Afrika">Afrika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia">Tyrkia</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hellas" title="Hellas">Hellas</a>. Vann puttes sammen med veldig fint malt kaffe i en kjele med liten åpning kalt <i>ibrik</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk">arabisk</a>), <i>cezve</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tyrkisk" title="Tyrkisk">tyrkisk</a>), dzezva (<a href="/wiki/Serbokroatisk" title="Serbokroatisk">serbokroatisk</a>) som fortsatt er mye brukt på <a href="/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan">Balkan</a>. Kaffen tas av varmen like før den når kokepunktet. Noen ganger lages kaffen sammen med <a href="/wiki/Sukker" title="Sukker">sukker</a>, noe som gir den en søtsmak, eller <a href="/wiki/Kardemomme" title="Kardemomme">kardemomme</a>. Resultatet gir en liten kopp med veldig sterk kaffe, med skum på toppen og et lag med kaffepulver på bunnen.</li> <li>I Norge er bålkaffen eller turkaffen velkjent.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Trykk: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espresso" title="Espresso">Espresso</a> blir laget med varmt vann under høyt <a href="/wiki/Trykk" title="Trykk">trykk</a> og er basis for de fleste kaffedrikker, som caffè latte, cappuccino og mochaccino, eller den kan serveres alene. Den er en av de kraftigste formene for kaffe som regelmessig blir drukket. Den har en spesiell smak, og bryggemåten lager en spesiell form for skum på toppen kalt <i>crema</i>. En espresso er omtrent 40 ml, men serveres ofte både dobbel og trippel.</li> <li>En <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mokkakanne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mokkakanne (ikke skrevet ennå)">mokkakanne</a> er en kanne med tre kamre, hvor det kokes vann i den nederste seksjonen, noe som skaper et trykk som fører vannet opp i det øverste kammeret gjennom det midterste kammeret hvor kaffepulveret ligger. Resultatet ligner mye på en espresso, men mangler crema og har litt mindre kraftig smak. Den varmes som oftest opp på en <a href="/wiki/Komfyr" title="Komfyr">komfyr</a> eller har egen varmekilde.</li> <li>En <a href="/wiki/Vakuumkanne" title="Vakuumkanne">vakuumkanne</a> minner mye om mokkakannen i designet, men har bare to kamre med et rør mellom; et kammer for vannet og et kammer for kaffepulveret. Trykk gjør at vannet i det nederste kammeret presses opp i det øverste kammeret sammen med kaffepulveret. Etter en liten stund tas vakuumkannen vekk fra varmekilden og et <a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">vakuum</a> dannes i det nederste kammeret, noe som drar den ferdig bryggede kaffen i det øverste kammeret tilbake.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Gravitasjon: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filterkaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Filterkaffe (ikke skrevet ennå)">Filterkaffe</a> (også kalt melittakaffe) blir laget ved å la varmt vann dryppe ned i et <a href="/wiki/Kaffefilter" title="Kaffefilter">kaffefilter</a> (av <a href="/wiki/Papir" title="Papir">papir</a> eller perforert <a href="/wiki/Metall" title="Metall">metall</a>) hvor kaffepulveret ligger. Styrken varierer med mengdeforholdet mellom kaffepulver og vann. Man kan helle vann manuelt eller bruke en <a href="/wiki/Kaffetrakter" title="Kaffetrakter">kaffetrakter</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Steeping: <ul><li>En <a href="/wiki/Presskanne" title="Presskanne">presskanne</a> (fransk: cafetière) er en høy og small <a href="/wiki/Sylinder" title="Sylinder">glassylinder</a> med et filter i enden av et stempel. Kaffepulveret og varmvannet blandes i sylinderen i noen minutter før stempelet presses ned og skiller kaffe og kaffepulver.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffepose&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaffepose (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kaffeposer</a> er mye sjeldnere enn den tilsvarende innretningen for <a href="/wiki/Te" title="Te">te</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tepose&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tepose (ikke skrevet ennå)">tepose</a>), siden de er mye større og uhåndterlige (det trengs mer kaffe i en kaffepose enn te i en tepose).</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Kaffe lages uansett metode med malte kaffebønner og varmt vann. Den malte kaffen blir enten liggende igjen eller filtrert ut av koppen eller kannen etter det som er oppløselig i vann er borte. Finhetsgraden på kaffepulveret varierer etter hvilken type kaffe man tenker å lage. </p><p>Elektroniske kaffemaskiner koker vann og brygger kaffe uten større hjelp fra mennesker og i blant etter en tidsinnstilt <a href="/wiki/Klokke_(ur)" title="Klokke (ur)">klokke</a>. De fleste kaffeentusiaster foretrekker likevel nykvernede bønner og tradisjonelle bryggemåter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oppfinnelser">Oppfinnelser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Rediger avsnitt: Oppfinnelser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Oppfinnelser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kaffekokeren ble oppfunnet av <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">franskmannen</a> og apotekeren Descroisilles i <a href="/wiki/1802" title="1802">1802</a>, og bestod av to beholdere, med et filter i midten. Kort tid etterpå laget kjemikeren Antoine Cadet-De-Vaux en i <a href="/wiki/Porselen" title="Porselen">porselen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kaffefilter" title="Kaffefilter">Kaffefilteret</a> ble i sin moderne utgave oppfunnet av <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">tyske</a> Melitta Bentz i <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>. Hun boret små hull i beholderen, klippet ut en rund bit av papp og plasserte den i bunnen av beholderen og satte beholderen på kaffekannen. Dette fikk navnet Melitta-filteret. En eldre versjon ble oppfunnet av den franske katolske geistlige <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptist_de_Belloy-Morangle" title="Jean-Baptist de Belloy-Morangle">Jean-Baptist de Belloy-Morangle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Espressomaskin, slik vi kjenner den i dag, ble først konstruert i <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a> i <a href="/wiki/1822" title="1822">1822</a>. I <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> oppfant Ernest Illy den første automatiske espressomaskin, men den moderne maskin slik vi kjenner den i dag ble oppfunnet av <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">italieneren</a> Achilles Gaggia i 1946, og hans firma, <a href="/wiki/Gaggia" title="Gaggia">Gaggia</a>, er i dag en ledende produsent.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjemi">Kjemi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kjemi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjemi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Caffeine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Caffeine.svg/250px-Caffeine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Caffeine.svg/375px-Caffeine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Caffeine.svg/500px-Caffeine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1484" data-file-height="1164" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Strukturformel" title="Strukturformel">Strukturformel</a> for <a href="/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein">koffeinmolekylet</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kaffe består av store mengder <a href="/wiki/Vann" title="Vann">vann</a> (H<sub>2</sub>O) og <a href="/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein">koffein</a> (C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>10</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), men inneholder også over 800 andre komponenter. Det viktigste fysiologiske aktive stoffet i kaffe er koffein. En vanlig kopp med kaffe kan inneholde mellom 90 og 150 <a href="/wiki/Milligram" title="Milligram">mg</a> koffein, avhengig av forholdet mellom kaffepulver og vann, tilberedelsesmåte og kaffetype.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Helse">Helse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Rediger avsnitt: Helse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Helse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forskerne er enige om at kaffe kan ha en effekt mot <a href="/wiki/Kreft" title="Kreft">kreft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Moderat inntak er normalt å se på som rundt 500–600 mg koffein per dag, noe som tilsvarer omtrent 6–7 kopper.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>Det har imidlertid blitt påvist at kokemalt kaffe kan føre til høyt <a href="/wiki/Kolesterol" title="Kolesterol">kolesterol</a>. Det skyldes de kjemiske stoffene cafestol og kaweol. Ved kaffe som er tilberedt med kaffetrakter eller håndfiltrert, er ikke dette noe problem, siden stoffene blir liggende igjen i filteret.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Av positive helsemessige faktorer er blant annet et høyt innhold av <a href="/wiki/Antioksidant" title="Antioksidant">antioksidanter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>En tysk studie konkluderte med at koffein hjelper et regulerende <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, p27, inn i <a href="/wiki/Mitokondrium" title="Mitokondrium">mitokondriene</a> i hjertets og blodårenes celler. Man bør drikke fire kopper kaffe daglig for at det skal hjelpe.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det har blitt forsket en del på kaffe og helse, siden dette er et felt man vet lite om, og som varierer mye fra person til person. Det man har funnet ut, er at kaffe kan ha både positive og negative effekter på helsen, men man vet lite om hvor mye det har å si eller om det gjelder for alle. Det er påvist at et jevnt kaffeinntak over en lengre periode motvirker <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetes 2</a>, og i større grad hos menn enn hos kvinner.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a> påviste en <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">dansk</a> studie av 18&#160;478 kvinner at et unormalt høyt inntak av kaffe under <a href="/wiki/Svangerskap" title="Svangerskap">graviditet</a> øker risiko for dødfødsel.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den norske syklisten <a href="/wiki/Anita_Valen_de_Vries" class="mw-redirect" title="Anita Valen de Vries">Anita Valen</a> ble utestengt fra et løp fordi hun hadde drukket så mye kaffe at det ga utslag på <a href="/wiki/Doping" title="Doping">dopingtesten</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den norske idrettslegenden <a href="/wiki/Egil_Danielsen" title="Egil Danielsen">Egil Danielsen</a> skal ha drukket en kopp kaffe før sitt rekordlange spydkast i <a href="/wiki/Sommer-OL_1956" title="Sommer-OL 1956">OL i Melbourne i 1956</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infusjon" class="mw-disambig" title="Infusjon">Infusjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te" title="Te">Te</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mate" title="Mate">Mate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sml.snl.no/sentralstimulerende_midler">«sentralstimulerende middeler»</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=sentralstimulerende+middeler&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsml.snl.no%2Fsentralstimulerende_midler&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=coffee&amp;searchmode=none">Online Etymology Dictionary: Coffee</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Schivelbusch, Wolfgang (1980): <i>Paradiset, smaken og fornuften</i> (overs. &amp; bearb. av Yngve Finlo). Side 58. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8253011431" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 82-530-1143-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Schivelbusch, Wolfgang (1980): Paradiset, smaken og fornuften (overs. &amp; bearb. av Yngve Finlo). Side 26-29. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8253011431" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 82-530-1143-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tschudi-Madsen (1993) s. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Zetzner, Jean Everard; Scharling, C. Henrik (1. januar 1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2010062806132"><i>Norsk Idyl: Udtog af en Strasborger Kjøbmands Oplevelser i Aaret 1700</i></a>. København: Schønberg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.au=Scharling%2C+C.+Henrik&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean+Everard&amp;rft.aulast=Zetzner&amp;rft.btitle=Norsk+Idyl%3A+Udtog+af+en+Strasborger+Kj%C3%B8bmands+Oplevelser+i+Aaret+1700&amp;rft.date=1906-01-01&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=K%C3%B8benhavn&amp;rft.pub=Sch%C3%B8nberg&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2010062806132&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170312062540/http://toll.lokalhistorie.no/listene/tollsteder">«Tollsteder — Toll- og skipsanløpslister»</a>. <i>toll.lokalhistorie.no</i> (på engelsk). Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toll.lokalhistorie.no/listene/tollsteder">originalen</a> 12. mars 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 10. mars 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.atitle=Tollsteder+%E2%80%94+Toll-+og+skipsanl%C3%B8pslister&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=toll.lokalhistorie.no&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftoll.lokalhistorie.no%2Flistene%2Ftollsteder&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tranberg, Anna (1. januar 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2010081708056"><i>Korn og klasseskille: 1660-1840</i></a>. Brumunddal: Brøttum historielag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8299175666" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8299175666">8299175666</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.aufirst=Anna&amp;rft.aulast=Tranberg&amp;rft.btitle=Korn+og+klasseskille%3A+1660-1840&amp;rft.date=1993-01-01&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=8299175666&amp;rft.place=Brumunddal&amp;rft.pub=Br%C3%B8ttum+historielag&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2010081708056&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pendergrast, Mark (2000). <i>Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World</i>. New York: Basic Books. s.&#160;3–7, 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rft.aulast=Pendergrast&amp;rft.btitle=Uncommon+Grounds%3A+The+History+of+Coffee+and+How+It+Transformed+Our+World&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=3-7%2C+17&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Basic+Books&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Østby (1982), s. 48 f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906212347/http://coffeegeek.com/opinions/georgesabados/06-12-2007">«Cafe Culture Downunder»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coffeegeek.com/opinions/georgesabados/06-12-2007">originalen</a> 6. september 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 2. august 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=Cafe+Culture+Downunder&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcoffeegeek.com%2Fopinions%2Fgeorgesabados%2F06-12-2007&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaffe-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kaffe_12-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Nguyen, Khoa (2010-2011): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ia-stud.hiof.no/~khoadn/2010-2011/Digitale_dokumenter/kaffe.pdf">«Kaffe»</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="&#160;siden februar 2022" style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:D%C3%B8de_eksterne_lenker" title="Wikipedia:Døde eksterne lenker">død lenke</a></i>&#93;</span></sup> (PDF), Høgskolen i Østfold</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080927061938/http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/fairtrade/cocoa/734.html">«The Starbucks lifestyle: It's not just about coffee anymore»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/fairtrade/cocoa/734.html">originalen</a> 27. september 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 2. august 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=The+Starbucks+lifestyle%3A+It%27s+not+just+about+coffee+anymore&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalexchange.org%2Fcampaigns%2Ffairtrade%2Fcocoa%2F734.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kumstova, Karolina (16. mai 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europeancoffeetrip.com/hario-v60/">«The Story and Development of Hario V60»</a>. <i>European Coffee Trip</i> (på engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 21. november 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.atitle=The+Story+and+Development+of+Hario+V60&amp;rft.aufirst=Karolina&amp;rft.aulast=Kumstova&amp;rft.date=2018-05-16&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=European+Coffee+Trip&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuropeancoffeetrip.com%2Fhario-v60%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Illustrert vitenskap</i>, nr 8/2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080923004551/http://www.fas.usda.gov/htp/tropical/2004/06-04/June%202004%20Cover.pdf">«World coffee production in 2004/05 is forecast at 117.7 million»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fas.usda.gov/htp/tropical/2004/06-04/June%202004%20Cover.pdf">originalen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 23. september 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 2. august 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=World+coffee+production+in+2004%2F05+is+forecast+at+117.7+million&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.usda.gov%2Fhtp%2Ftropical%2F2004%2F06-04%2FJune%25202004%2520Cover.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Helsenett: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helsenett.no/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;Itemid=199&amp;id=3637">Kaffe og diabetes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100516184640/http://www.helsenett.no/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;Itemid=199&amp;id=3637">Arkivert</a> 16. mai 2010 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nhi.no/sykdommer/psykisk-helse/diverse/koffein?page=all">«Kaffe», <i>Nhi.no</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">«En oppkvikkende kopp kaffe», <i><a href="/wiki/Hjemmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hjemmet">Hjemmet</a></i> 49/2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Purdue-20"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Purdue_20-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Duke, James A (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Coffea_arabica.html#Ecology">«Coffea arabica L.»</a>. Purdue University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 4. januar 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.aufirst=James+A&amp;rft.aulast=Duke&amp;rft.btitle=Coffea+arabica+L.&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Purdue+University&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hort.purdue.edu%2Fnewcrop%2Fduke_energy%2FCoffea_arabica.html%23Ecology&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICO-21"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-ICO_21-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICO_21-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090324155957/http://www.ico.org/botanical.asp">«Botanical Aspects»</a>. London: International Coffee Organization. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ico.org/botanical.asp">originalen</a> 24. mars 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 4. januar 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=Botanical+Aspects&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=International+Coffee+Organization&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ico.org%2Fbotanical.asp&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090324155957/http://www.ico.org/botanical.asp">«Arkivert kopi»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ico.org/botanical.asp">originalen</a> 24. mars 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 23. mars 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=Arkivert+kopi&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ico.org%2Fbotanical.asp&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EA763-22"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EA763_22-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Belachew, Mekete (2003). «Coffee». I Uhlig, Siegbert. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopaedia_Aethiopica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopaedia Aethiopica (ikke skrevet ennå)">Encyclopaedia Aethiopica</a></i>. 1. Weissbaden: Horrowitz. s.&#160;763.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.atitle=Coffee&amp;rft.aufirst=Mekete&amp;rft.aulast=Belachew&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Aethiopica&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.pages=763&amp;rft.place=Weissbaden&amp;rft.pub=Horrowitz&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reynolds-23"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reynolds_23-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Reynolds, Richard (1. februar 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100207215611/http://www.coffeegeek.com/opinions/cafestage/02-01-2006">«Robusta's Rehab»</a>. <i>CoffeeGeek</i>. Coffee Geek. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coffeegeek.com/opinions/cafestage/02-01-2006">originalen</a> 7. februar 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 5. januar 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.atitle=Robusta%27s+Rehab&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rft.aulast=Reynolds&amp;rft.date=2006-02-01&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=CoffeeGeek&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coffeegeek.com%2Fopinions%2Fcafestage%2F02-01-2006&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Bardner, R. i Clifford &amp; Wilson, ss. 208–09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906230329/http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567">«Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic and Social Department: The Statistical Division»</a>. Faostat.fao.org. 16. desember 2009. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor">originalen</a> 6. september 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 26. mars 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=Food+and+Agricultural+Organization+of+United+Nations%3A+Economic+and+Social+Department%3A+The+Statistical+Division&amp;rft.date=2009-12-16&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Faostat.fao.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaostat.fao.org%2Fsite%2F567%2FDesktopDefault.aspx%3FPageID%3D567%23ancor&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706193955/http://www.ico.org/prices/po.htm">«International Coffee Organization»</a>. Ico.org. 29. januar 2010. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ico.org/prices/po.htm">originalen</a> 6. juli 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 26. mars 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=International+Coffee+Organization&amp;rft.date=2010-01-29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Ico.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ico.org%2Fprices%2Fpo.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706193955/http://www.ico.org/prices/po.htm">«Arkivert kopi»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ico.org/prices/po.htm">originalen</a> 6. juli 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 20. mars 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=Arkivert+kopi&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ico.org%2Fprices%2Fpo.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100305172331/http://www.fas.usda.gov/htp/coffee/2009/December_2009/2009_coffee_december.pdf">«Coffee: World Markets and Trade»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_Agricultural_Service&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign Agricultural Service (ikke skrevet ennå)">Foreign Agricultural Service</a> Office of Global Analysis</i>. <a href="/wiki/Jordbruksdepartementet_(USA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordbruksdepartementet (USA)">USAs jordbruksdepartement</a>. desember 2009. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fas.usda.gov/htp/coffee/2009/December_2009/2009_coffee_december.pdf">originalen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 5. mars 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 26. mars 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.atitle=Coffee%3A+World+Markets+and+Trade&amp;rft.date=2009-12&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Foreign+Agricultural+Service+Office+of+Global+Analysis&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.usda.gov%2Fhtp%2Fcoffee%2F2009%2FDecember_2009%2F2009_coffee_december.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100305172331/http://www.fas.usda.gov/htp/coffee/2009/December_2009/2009_coffee_december.pdf">«Arkivert kopi»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Archived from the original on 5. mars 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 23. mars 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=Arkivert+kopi&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.usda.gov%2Fhtp%2Fcoffee%2F2009%2FDecember_2009%2F2009_coffee_december.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1-vedlikehold: Uheldig URL (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Uheldig_URL" title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Uheldig URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Davids, Kenneth (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/coffeeguidetobuy0000davi"><i>Coffee: A Guide to Buying Brewing and Enjoying</i></a> (5th utg.). New York: St. Martin's Griffin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/031224665X" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/031224665X">031224665X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.aufirst=Kenneth&amp;rft.aulast=Davids&amp;rft.btitle=Coffee%3A+A+Guide+to+Buying+Brewing+and+Enjoying&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.edition=5th&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=031224665X&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Griffin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcoffeeguidetobuy0000davi&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-castle-32"><b><a href="#cite_ref-castle_32-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Castle, Timothy James (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=BOvMw4fnVZYC&amp;dq=the+perfect+cup"><i>The Perfect Cup: A Coffee Lover's Guide to Buying, Brewing, and Tasting</i></a>. Reading, Mass.: Aris Books. s.&#160;158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0201570483" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/0201570483">0201570483</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.aufirst=Timothy+James&amp;rft.aulast=Castle&amp;rft.btitle=The+Perfect+Cup%3A+A+Coffee+Lover%27s+Guide+to+Buying%2C+Brewing%2C+and+Tasting&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0201570483&amp;rft.pages=158&amp;rft.place=Reading%2C+Mass.&amp;rft.pub=Aris+Books&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DBOvMw4fnVZYC%26dq%3Dthe%2Bperfect%2Bcup&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Janzen-33"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Janzen_33-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janzen_33-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><i>Costa Rican natural history</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1983. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0226393348" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/0226393348">0226393348</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=Costa+Rican+natural+history&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0226393348&amp;rft.place=Chicago&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salvesen-34"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Salvesen_34-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Salvesen, David (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090922223821/http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ZooGoer/1996/4/suncoffee.cfm">«The Grind Over Sun Coffee»</a>. <i>Zoogoer</i>. Smithsonian National Zoological Park. 25 (4). Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ZooGoer/1996/4/suncoffee.cfm">originalen</a> 22. september 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 5. januar 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.atitle=The+Grind+Over+Sun+Coffee&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft.aulast=Salvesen&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=Zoogoer&amp;rft.volume=25&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnationalzoo.si.edu%2FPublications%2FZooGoer%2F1996%2F4%2Fsuncoffee.cfm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cec1999-35"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cec1999_35-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5q6voxg7g?url=http://www.cec.org/files/PDF/ECONOMY/shade-e_EN.pdf">«Measuring Consumer Interest in Mexican Shade-grown Coffee»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Montréal: Commission for Environmental Cooperation. oktober 1999. s.&#160;5. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cec.org/files/PDF/ECONOMY/shade-e_EN.pdf">originalen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 30. mai 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 18. januar 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=Measuring+Consumer+Interest+in+Mexican+Shade-grown+Coffee&amp;rft.date=1999-10&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pages=5&amp;rft.place=Montr%C3%A9al&amp;rft.pub=Commission+for+Environmental+Cooperation&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cec.org%2Ffiles%2FPDF%2FECONOMY%2Fshade-e_EN.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090815150419/http://www.cec.org/files/PDF/ECONOMY/shade-e_EN.pdf">«Arkivert kopi»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cec.org/files/PDF/ECONOMY/shade-e_EN.pdf">originalen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 15. august 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 23. mars 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=Arkivert+kopi&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cec.org%2Ffiles%2FPDF%2FECONOMY%2Fshade-e_EN.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPearce2006" class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Pearce&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Pearce (ikke skrevet ennå)">Pearce, Fred</a> (25. februar 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18925401.500-earth-the-parched-planet.html">«Earth: The parched planet»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 5. januar 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.atitle=Earth%3A+The+parched+planet&amp;rft.aufirst=Fred&amp;rft.aulast=Pearce&amp;rft.date=2006-02-25&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fmg18925401.500-earth-the-parched-planet.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Goldenberg, Suzanne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2011/oct/13/starbucks-coffee-climate-change-threat">"Starbucks concerned world coffee supply is threatened by climate change."</a> <i>The Guardian</i>, 13. oktober 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Norsk_kaffeinformasjon" title="Norsk kaffeinformasjon">Norsk kaffeinformasjon</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kaffe.no/verden-trenger-mer-kaffe-til-l%C3%B8nnsomme-priser/">«Verden trenger mer kaffe til lønnsomme priser»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120601012529/http://www.kaffe.no/verden-trenger-mer-kaffe-til-l%C3%B8nnsomme-priser/">Arkivert</a> 1. juni 2012 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Besøkt 23. mars 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://org.ntnu.no/eksindoek/index.php?go=1&amp;action=infoindustri">Index 2006: Informasjon om Brasil</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="&#160;siden februar 2022" style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:D%C3%B8de_eksterne_lenker" title="Wikipedia:Døde eksterne lenker">død lenke</a></i>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">DN: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dn.no/vinguiden/article453416.ece?jgo=r2_l">Kokende kaffepris</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="&#160;siden februar 2022" style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:D%C3%B8de_eksterne_lenker" title="Wikipedia:Døde eksterne lenker">død lenke</a></i>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723200241/http://www.ico.org/history.asp">«ICO: History»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ico.org/history.asp">originalen</a> 23. juli 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 1. august 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=ICO%3A+History&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ico.org%2Fhistory.asp&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maxhavelaar.no/">Max Havelaar</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706193955/http://www.ico.org/prices/po.htm">«Total Production of Exporting Countries, 2003 to 2008»</a>. International Coffee Organization. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ico.org/prices/po.htm">originalen</a> 6. juli 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 13. januar 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=Total+Production+of+Exporting+Countries%2C+2003+to+2008&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=International+Coffee+Organization&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ico.org%2Fprices%2Fpo.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706193955/http://www.ico.org/prices/po.htm">«Arkivert kopi»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ico.org/prices/po.htm">originalen</a> 6. juli 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 20. mars 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=Arkivert+kopi&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ico.org%2Fprices%2Fpo.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fairtrade.net/coffee.html">«Coffee»</a>. Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 13. januar 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=Coffee&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Fairtrade+Labelling+Organizations+International&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fairtrade.net%2Fcoffee.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRice2001" class="citation journal">Rice, Robert A (mars 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100216221136/http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ScientificPublications/pdfs/2a643f85-1b00-4dc0-a479-4678c45886e6.pdf">«Noble Goals and Challenging Terrain: Organic and Fair Trade Coffee Movements»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics</i>. Springer Netherlands. 14 (1): 39–66. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1011367008474">10.1023/A:1011367008474</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ScientificPublications/pdfs/2a643f85-1b00-4dc0-a479-4678c45886e6.pdf">originalen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 16. februar 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 13. januar 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.atitle=Noble+Goals+and+Challenging+Terrain%3A+Organic+and+Fair+Trade+Coffee+Movements&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+A&amp;rft.aulast=Rice&amp;rft.date=2001-03&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Environmental+Ethics&amp;rft.pages=39-66&amp;rft.volume=14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnationalzoo.si.edu%2FPublications%2FScientificPublications%2Fpdfs%2F2a643f85-1b00-4dc0-a479-4678c45886e6.pdf&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1011367008474&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-efta2009-46"><b><a href="#cite_ref-efta2009_46-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eftafairtrade.org/">«European Fair Trade Association»</a>. EFTA. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 18. januar 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=European+Fair+Trade+Association&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=EFTA&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eftafairtrade.org%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pelsmacker2005-47"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-pelsmacker2005_47-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pelsmacker2005_47-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pelsmacker2005_47-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDe_PelsmackerDriesenRayp2005" class="citation journal">De Pelsmacker, Patrick; Driesen, Liesbeth; Rayp, Glenn (2005). «Do Consumers Care about Ethics? Willingness to Pay for Fair-Trade Coffee». <i>Journal of Consumer Affairs</i>. 39 (2): 363–385. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1745-6606.2005.00019.x">10.1111/j.1745-6606.2005.00019.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.atitle=Do+Consumers+Care+about+Ethics%3F+Willingness+to+Pay+for+Fair-Trade+Coffee&amp;rft.au=Driesen%2C+Liesbeth&amp;rft.au=Rayp%2C+Glenn&amp;rft.aufirst=Patrick&amp;rft.aulast=De+Pelsmacker&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Consumer+Affairs&amp;rft.pages=363-385&amp;rft.volume=39&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1745-6606.2005.00019.x&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sbft-48"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sbft_48-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100215173204/http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/press_office/press_releases_and_statements/september_2009/starbucks_serves_up_its_first_fairtrade_lattes_and_cappuccinos.aspx">«Starbucks Serves up its First Fairtrade Lattes and Cappuccinos Across the UK and Ireland»</a> (på engelsk). London: Fairtrade Foundation. 2. september 2009. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/press_office/press_releases_and_statements/september_2009/starbucks_serves_up_its_first_fairtrade_lattes_and_cappuccinos.aspx">originalen</a> 15. februar 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 22. januar 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=Starbucks+Serves+up+its+First+Fairtrade+Lattes+and+Cappuccinos+Across+the+UK+and+Ireland&amp;rft.date=2009-09-02&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Fairtrade+Foundation&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fairtrade.org.uk%2Fpress_office%2Fpress_releases_and_statements%2Fseptember_2009%2Fstarbucks_serves_up_its_first_fairtrade_lattes_and_cappuccinos.aspx&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100215173204/http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/press_office/press_releases_and_statements/september_2009/starbucks_serves_up_its_first_fairtrade_lattes_and_cappuccinos.aspx">«Arkivert kopi»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/press_office/press_releases_and_statements/september_2009/starbucks_serves_up_its_first_fairtrade_lattes_and_cappuccinos.aspx">originalen</a> 15. februar 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 20. mars 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=Arkivert+kopi&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fairtrade.org.uk%2Fpress_office%2Fpress_releases_and_statements%2Fseptember_2009%2Fstarbucks_serves_up_its_first_fairtrade_lattes_and_cappuccinos.aspx&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">DN: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dn.no/vinguiden/article161418.ece">Kaffebrenneriet</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tradewindsfruit.com/liberian_coffee.htm">Liberian Coffee</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coffeeboard.com.ph/if-coffeeboard.htm">About The Philippine Coffee Board</a> og <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2004/11/06/stories/2004110601011000.htm">Coffee Board on verge of starting quality certificate rating system</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Chris Rubin: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sallys-place.com/beverages/coffee/kopi_luwak.htm">Kopi Luwak</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517031723/http://www.sallys-place.com/beverages/coffee/kopi_luwak.htm">Arkivert</a> 17. mai 2008 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-friele_fjerning-53"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-friele_fjerning_53-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-friele_fjerning_53-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-friele_fjerning_53-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Friele: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.friele.no/om_kaffe/fra_bonne_til_kopp/fjerning_a/"><i>Fjerning av fruktkjøtt</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201183813/http://www.friele.no/om_kaffe/fra_bonne_til_kopp/fjerning_a/">Arkivert</a> 1. desember 2008 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kaffejakten.no/steder/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=category&amp;layout=blog&amp;id=37&amp;Itemid=56">Kaffevarianter</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="&#160;siden februar 2022" style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:D%C3%B8de_eksterne_lenker" title="Wikipedia:Døde eksterne lenker">død lenke</a></i>&#93;</span></sup> og <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hands.com.br/xhtml/pub/noticia.aspx?sec_id=1518&amp;id=3923280&amp;dev=187&amp;cch=0">Clique A Gosto - Notícias - Prazeres e Pecados do Café</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kongkaffe.no/default.asp?V_ITEM_ID=8211">Historien til kaffefilteret!</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="&#160;siden februar 2021" style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:D%C3%B8de_eksterne_lenker" title="Wikipedia:Døde eksterne lenker">død lenke</a></i>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">About.com: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/coffee.htm">The History of How We Make Coffee</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230508033733/http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/coffee.htm">Arkivert</a> 8. mai 2023 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Folkehelseinstituttet: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fhi.no/eway/default.aspx?pid=233&amp;trg=MainLeft_5669&amp;MainLeft_5669=5544:27657::0:5667:1:::0:0">Koffein</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071220063747/http://www.fhi.no/eway/default.aspx?pid=233&amp;trg=MainLeft_5669&amp;MainLeft_5669=5544:27657::0:5667:1:::0:0">Arkivert</a> 20. desember 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070510160329/http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=35734">«Coffee Consumption Reduces Breast Cancer Risk For Women With Genetic Mutation, Study Says»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=35734">originalen</a> 10. mai 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 23. januar 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=Coffee+Consumption+Reduces+Breast+Cancer+Risk+For+Women+With+Genetic+Mutation%2C+Study+Says&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fmedicalnews.php%3Fnewsid%3D35734&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Science Direct: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/014067369091302Q">- <i>Effect of a lipid-rich fraction from boiled coffee on serum cholesterol</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080404235546/http://www.forskning.no/Artikler/2006/mai/1148455804.23">«Forskning.no – <i>Kaffe for helsa</i>»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forskning.no/artikler/2006/mai/1148455804.23">originalen</a> 4. april 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 1. januar 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=Forskning.no+%E2%80%93+Kaffe+for+helsa&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forskning.no%2Fartikler%2F2006%2Fmai%2F1148455804.23&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">«Hvorfor kaffe er bra», <i><a href="/wiki/Klassekampen" title="Klassekampen">Klassekampen</a></i> 28. juni 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Forskning.no: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forskning.no/artikler/2004/februar/1075980700.12">Kaffe er bra for deg</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041204113434/http://www.forskning.no/artikler/2004/februar/1075980700.12">Arkivert</a> 4. desember 2004 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tidsskriftet.no/lts-pdf/pdf2003/1911.pdf">Kaffe og dødfødsel</a> og <i>Aftonbladet</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aftonbladet.se/foraldrar/graviditet/article124160.ab"><i>Kaffe under graviditeten ökar risken för missfall</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">VG: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vg.no/pub/vgart.hbs?artid=58501">Dopingtatte Valen skylder på spansk kaffe</a> og <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://interaktiv.vg.no/tett_paa_nett/html/98anita_valen.html">Tett på nett: Anita Valen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070416000706/http://interaktiv.vg.no/tett_paa_nett/html/98anita_valen.html">Arkivert</a> 16. april 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Glimt.no: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glimt.no/wips/1904392251/module/articles/smId/1685436397/smTemplate/Detaljvisning%20artikkel/">Kostholdet er viktig!</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="&#160;siden februar 2022" style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:D%C3%B8de_eksterne_lenker" title="Wikipedia:Døde eksterne lenker">død lenke</a></i>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Tschudi-Madsen, Stephan, red. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2012061105088"><i>På nordmanns vis. Norsk Folkemuseum gjennom 100 år</i></a>. Oslo: Aschehoug. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/82-03-16715-2" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/82-03-16715-2">82-03-16715-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.btitle=P%C3%A5+nordmanns+vis.+Norsk+Folkemuseum+gjennom+100+%C3%A5r&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=82-03-16715-2&amp;rft.place=Oslo&amp;rft.pub=Aschehoug&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2012061105088&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Østby, Jon Birger (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2007070401116"><i>Gammelt kobber</i></a>. Oslo: Huitfeldt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/82-7003-032-5" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/82-7003-032-5">82-7003-032-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKaffe&amp;rft.au=%C3%98stby%2C+Jon+Birger&amp;rft.btitle=Gammelt+kobber&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=82-7003-032-5&amp;rft.place=Oslo&amp;rft.pub=Huitfeldt&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2007070401116&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikiquote" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a>: <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/no:kaffe" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:no:kaffe">kaffe</a> – sitater </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kaffe.no">Norsk kaffeinformasjon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toomuchcoffee.com">Too Much Coffee (forum for europeiske kaffeentusiaster, på engelsk)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ico.org">International Coffee Organization (ICO, på engelsk)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coffeegeek.com">coffeegeek.com (en av de største kafferessursene på Internett, på engelsk)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ineedcoffee.com">ineedcoffee.com (på engelsk)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caffeina.org/caffe/inglese/casamadre.htm">Mokkakanne – Tips&amp;Triks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051230101823/http://www.caffeina.org/caffe/inglese/casamadre.htm">Arkivert</a> 30. desember 2005 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kaffe_og_helse">Kaffe og helse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=28" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kaffe og helse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kaffe og helse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tidsskriftet.no/pls/lts/PA_LTS.Vis_Seksjon?vp_SEKS_ID=423605">Farmakologiske effekter av koffein</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forskning.no/Artikler/2004/februar/1075980700.12">Artikkel på forskning.no om forholdet mellom kaffe og diabetes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041204113434/http://www.forskning.no/Artikler/2004/februar/1075980700.12">Arkivert</a> 4. desember 2004 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561737">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kaffe-_og_espressobaserte_drikker" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561741">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Kaffedrikker" title="Mal:Kaffedrikker"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldiskusjon:Kaffedrikker&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldiskusjon:Kaffedrikker (ikke skrevet ennå)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Kaffedrikker" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Kaffedrikker"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kaffe-_og_espressobaserte_drikker" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kaffe- og espressobaserte drikker</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espresso" title="Espresso">Espresso</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lungo" title="Lungo">lungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ristretto" title="Ristretto">ristretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espresso_corretto" class="mw-redirect" title="Espresso corretto">corretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espresso_con_panna" title="Espresso con panna">con panna</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Americano&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Americano (ikke skrevet ennå)">Americano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappuccino" title="Cappuccino">Cappuccino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortado" title="Cortado">Cortado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_latte" title="Caffè latte">Caffè latte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_macchiato" title="Caffè macchiato">Caffè macchiato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_mocca" title="Caffè mocca">Caffè mocca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_coffee" title="Irish coffee">Irish coffee</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Cup_of_coffee.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaffe"><img alt="Kaffe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cup_of_coffee.svg/50px-Cup_of_coffee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cup_of_coffee.svg/75px-Cup_of_coffee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cup_of_coffee.svg/100px-Cup_of_coffee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div id="catlinks"><p id="portlinks" class="catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portaler" title="Wikipedia:Portaler">Portal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Portal:Mat_og_drikke" title="Portal:Mat og drikke">Mat og drikke</a></p></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Autoritetsdata" title="Hjelp:Autoritetsdata">Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/kaffe">Store norske leksikon</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/kaffe">Store Danske Encyklopædi</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/coffee">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/cafe/">Encyclopædia Universalis</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4029189-3">GND</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119310926">BNF</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119310926">BNF (data)</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/030205">HDS</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00566222">NDL</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ph115053">NKC</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/things/cbec09e1-a7c6-4da0-84d1-d9f1f099cf83">BBC Things</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐75f86cb67d‐74z2r Cached time: 20241118193314 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.006 seconds Real time usage: 1.230 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 21138/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 132104/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 13076/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 72120/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.465/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8026171/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 9/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1018.185 1 -total 22.84% 232.539 26 Mal:Kilde_www 20.13% 204.931 1 Mal:Autoritetsdata 15.53% 158.121 2 Mal:Navboks 15.17% 154.452 2 Mal:Navbox 12.56% 127.844 20 Mal:Flagg 12.41% 126.404 11 Mal:Cite_web 11.82% 120.363 1 Mal:Kaffedrikker 5.82% 59.307 8 Mal:Kilde_bok 4.59% 46.725 4 Mal:Cite_journal --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key nowiki:pcache:idhash:3951-0!canonical and timestamp 20241118193314 and revision id 24603594. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hentet fra «<a dir="ltr" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;oldid=24603594">https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;oldid=24603594</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kategorier" title="Kategori:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kulturplanter" title="Kategori:Kulturplanter">Kulturplanter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kaffe" title="Kategori:Kaffe">Kaffe</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skjulte kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sider_med_duplikatargumenter_i_malkall" title="Kategori:Sider med duplikatargumenter i malkall">Sider med duplikatargumenter i malkall</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_med_d%C3%B8de_eksterne_lenker" title="Kategori:Artikler med døde eksterne lenker">Artikler med døde eksterne lenker</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Uheldig_URL" title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Uheldig URL">CS1-vedlikehold: Uheldig URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sider_som_bruker_magiske_ISBN-lenker" title="Kategori:Sider som bruker magiske ISBN-lenker">Sider som bruker magiske ISBN-lenker</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_som_trenger_referanser" title="Kategori:Artikler som trenger referanser">Artikler som trenger referanser</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Anbefalte_artikler" title="Kategori:Anbefalte artikler">Anbefalte artikler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_med_autoritetsdatalenker_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata">Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:1000_artikler_enhver_Wikipedia_b%C3%B8r_ha" title="Kategori:1000 artikler enhver Wikipedia bør ha">1000 artikler enhver Wikipedia bør ha</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Denne siden ble sist redigert 5. aug. 2024 kl. 19:09.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Innholdet er tilgjengelig under <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no">Creative Commons-lisensen Navngivelse-DelPåSammeVilkår</a>, men ytterligere betingelser kan gjelde. Se <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">bruksvilkårene</a> for detaljer.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Personvern</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Om">Om Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Generelle_forbehold">Forbehold</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Atferdsnorm</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Utviklere</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/no.wikipedia.org">Statistikk</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Erklæring om informasjonskapsler</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaffe&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilvisning</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-z58hw","wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.006","walltime":"1.230","ppvisitednodes":{"value":21138,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":132104,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13076,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":72120,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":9,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1018.185 1 -total"," 22.84% 232.539 26 Mal:Kilde_www"," 20.13% 204.931 1 Mal:Autoritetsdata"," 15.53% 158.121 2 Mal:Navboks"," 15.17% 154.452 2 Mal:Navbox"," 12.56% 127.844 20 Mal:Flagg"," 12.41% 126.404 11 Mal:Cite_web"," 11.82% 120.363 1 Mal:Kaffedrikker"," 5.82% 59.307 8 Mal:Kilde_bok"," 4.59% 46.725 4 Mal:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.465","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8026171,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-75f86cb67d-74z2r","timestamp":"20241118193314","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Kaffe","url":"https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kaffe","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q8486","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q8486","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bidragsytere til Wikimedia-prosjektene"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-02-16T12:41:15Z","dateModified":"2024-08-05T18:09:19Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/45\/A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG","headline":"drikk som lages ved \u00e5 brygge brente kaffeb\u00f8nner og kokende vann"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10