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class="menu-link">Tese de Doutorado</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div></nav></div></div> </div> </div> </div>  </div>  </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div class="ast-container"> <div id="primary" class="content-area primary"> <main id="main" class="site-main"> <article class="post-675 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-destaque category-destaquinho category-etimologia-e-curiosidades category-origem-das-palavras tag-adicionar-nova-tag tag-etimologia tag-origem-das-palavras ast-article-single" id="post-675" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="ast-post-format- ast-no-thumb single-layout-1"> <header class="entry-header ast-no-thumbnail"> <div class="ast-single-post-order"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">aluno (final)</h1><div class="entry-meta"><span class="cat-links"><a href="https://sualingua.com.br/category/destaque/" rel="category tag">Destaque</a>, <a href="https://sualingua.com.br/category/destaquinho/" rel="category tag">Destaquinho</a>, <a href="https://sualingua.com.br/category/etimologia-e-curiosidades/" rel="category tag">Etimologia e curiosidades</a>, <a href="https://sualingua.com.br/category/etimologia-e-curiosidades/origem-das-palavras/" rel="category tag">Origem das palavras</a></span> / Por <span class="posted-by vcard author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author"> <a title="Ver todos os posts de claudiomoreno" href="https://sualingua.com.br/author/claudiomoreno/" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url" > <span class="author-name" itemprop="name" >claudiomoreno</span> </a> </span> </div> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content clear" itemprop="text" > <p></p> <p><strong>(conclusão)<br /> </strong><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Há quem acredite que a etimologia, que investiga o significado inicial das palavras que usamos, sempre nos aproxima de alguma verdade originária que ficou encoberta sob o manto do tempo. Sob esta óptica, os etimologistas seriam verdadeiros “decifradores” da realidade, encarregados de apontar para o homem comum uma série de relações que ele jamais enxergaria sem a devida assistência. Pois não é bem assim </span><span style="font-size: medium;">—</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> ou, dizendo melhor, é quase isso: a determinação da origem de um vocábulo não revela nada sobre aquilo que ele denomina, mas sim sobre as crenças e concepções que nossos antepassados tinham sobre as coisas. Eles pensavam, por exemplo, que a <strong>malária</strong> era causada pelo ar estagnado dos pântanos </span><span style="font-size: medium;">—</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> daí o nome, derivado do Italiano <strong><em>mala</em></strong> + <strong><em>aria</em></strong>, “mau ar” (isso, é claro, antes da Humanidade saber que existiam protozoários responsáveis pela doença e que um simples mosquito podia ser seu agente transmissor). Como se vê, a etimologia nada acrescenta ao conhecimento que temos da enfermidade, mas serve para nos lembrar quanto tempo levamos para descobrir os micro-organismos…</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Atendendo a um apelo de Luís Carlos Valério, professor de Filosofia formado pela UFSM, vimos na <a href="http://wp.clicrbs.com.br/sualingua/2010/06/05/aluno/"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>coluna anterior</strong></span></a> que o vocábulo <strong>aluno</strong> vem do Lat. <strong><em>alumnus</em></strong>, derivado do verbo <strong><em>alere</em></strong>, “nutrir, alimentar”, e não tem relação alguma com <strong><em>lumen</em></strong>, “luz”. Inicialmente, portanto, significava “aquele que é alimentado”, e não, como sugerem alguns, “aquele que não tem luz”. Esta etimologia de caracacá é insistentemente defendida por pedagogos de várias instituições, os quais devem ter constituído, em segredo, a Associação dos Inimigos da Palavra Aluno, certamente dotada de estatuto, hino e juramento secreto.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Pois agora alguns membros mais espertos desta seita, vendo que não havia fundamento algum para atacar a palavra por sua etimologia, adotaram a estratégia de condená-la pelo uso que dela faziam os romanos, seus legítimos donos. Esta palavra, dizem eles, está irremediavelmente maculada na sua origem, pois há vários textos antigos em que o termo <strong><em>alumnus</em> </strong>é usado para designar um menor criado fora de sua família, às vezes adotado, às vezes meramente tolerado no seio das famílias poderosas, uma espécie de moleque exposto às diversões (e talvez perversões) de seus senhores. Desta vez, ao menos, não é uma versão ridícula como aquela do “sem luz” </span><span style="font-size: medium;">— </span><span style="font-size: medium;">mas também, já vou avisando, não pode ser levada ao pé da letra.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Em primeiro lugar, porque <strong><em>alumnus</em> </strong>era usado com um sentido muito mais amplo e digno do que os textos mencionados, escolhidos a dedo, sugerem. Como era extremamente comum recorrer a amas-de-leite, <em><strong>alumnus</strong> </em> designava aquilo que chamamos, em vernáculo, de “filho de leite” — passando, por causa disso, a designar também o <strong>discípulo</strong> com relação a seu <strong>mestre</strong>. A literatura da época está repleta de exemplos; como desconfio que os membros dessa seita não tenham muito convívio com os autores clássicos, faço questão aqui de fornecer alguns. Ovídio conta que Baco, ao nascer, é confiado por Zeus à ninfa Ino </span><span style="font-size: medium;">—</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> e usa o termo <strong><em>alumnus</em></strong>. Mais tarde, quando o jovem deus é educado por Sileno, torna-se também seu <strong><em>alumnus</em></strong>. O nobre Eneias, quando lamenta a morte de sua velha ama, declara ser seu <strong><em>alumnus</em></strong>. Amiano Marcelino, em sua <strong><em>História</em></strong>, conta que Juliano, ao falar na sua sucessão à testa do exército romano, declara, com orgulho: “Como verdadeiro <strong><em>alumnus</em> </strong>da pátria que sou, desejo ardentemente que o exército escolha um chefe à sua altura”. Onde está o depreciativo?</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Em segundo lugar, foi este sentido de <strong>filho</strong> ou <strong>discípulo</strong> que a tradição ocidental atribuiu ao vocábulo. Camões </span><span style="font-size: medium;">—</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> que eles também não devem ter lido </span><span style="font-size: medium;">—</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> exalta, no Canto VIII, o grande Nuno Álvares Pereira: </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 90px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Ditosa pátria que tal filho teve! </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 90px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Mas antes, pai, que enquanto o Sol rodeia</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 90px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Este globo de Ceres e Netuno,</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 90px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Sempre suspirará por tal <strong>aluno</strong>. </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Francisco Manuel de Melo, elogiando Antônio de Menezes, diz que com sua morte “a Pátria perdeu um <strong>aluno</strong>, Marte um discípulo, as Musas um amigo”. </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">E aí? Acho que não preciso demonstrar que o sentido, aqui, é antes laudatório do que pejorativo… É exatamente por isso que os americanos que concluem o curso superior intitulam-se, com orgulho, de <strong><em>alumni</em></strong> da sua universidade, a que denominam significativamente de sua <strong><em>Alma</em> <em>Mater</em></strong> (“mãe nutridora”). Não me venham, portanto, com histórias; este sempre foi o sentido que a palavra teve em nosso idioma. Aliás, quem conheceu verdadeiros professores costuma prestar a eles uma homenagem ao dizer “Fui seu aluno” </span><span style="font-size: medium;">—</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> com gratidão e orgulho. Eu, por exemplo, fui (e continuo sendo) aluno do professor Luft, e dele falarei na próxima coluna.</span></p> </div> </div> </article> <nav class="navigation post-navigation" role="navigation" aria-label="Posts"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Navegação de Post</span> <div class="nav-links"><div class="nav-previous"><a href="https://sualingua.com.br/aluno/" rel="prev"><span class="ast-left-arrow">←</span> Post anterior</a></div><div class="nav-next"><a href="https://sualingua.com.br/primeiro-aniversario-um-milhao-de-leitores/" rel="next">Post seguinte <span class="ast-right-arrow">→</span></a></div></div> </nav> </main> </div> <div class="widget-area secondary" id="secondary" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPSideBar" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="sidebar-main" > <aside id="search-2" class="widget widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://sualingua.com.br/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Pesquisar por:</span> <input type="search" 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