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<span>Emperor</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Emperor-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Emperor subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Emperor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wars_with_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wars_with_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Wars with France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wars_with_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Napoleonic_Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Napoleonic_Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Napoleonic Wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Napoleonic_Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Domestic policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Marriages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles,_honours_and_heraldry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles,_honours_and_heraldry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Titles, honours and heraldry</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Titles,_honours_and_heraldry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Titles, honours and heraldry subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Titles,_honours_and_heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orders_and_decorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orders_and_decorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Orders and decorations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orders_and_decorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heraldry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Heraldry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ancestors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regnal_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regnal_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Regnal titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regnal_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_II" title="Frans II – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Frans II" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_II._(HRR)" title="Franz II. (HRR) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Franz II. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_(%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3)" title="فرانتس الثاني (إمبراطور روماني مقدس) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرانتس الثاني (إمبراطور روماني مقدس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_I_d%27Austria_y_II_del_Sacru_Imperiu_Romanu_Xerm%C3%A1nicu" title="Francisco I d'Austria y II del Sacru Imperiu Romanu Xermánicu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Francisco I d'Austria y II del Sacru Imperiu Romanu Xermánicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Frans" title="II Frans – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="II Frans" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1)" title="ایکینجی فرانتس (ایمپیراتور) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی فرانتس (ایمپیراتور)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_2-s%C3%A8" title="Franz 2-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Franz 2-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_II" title="Франц II – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Франц II" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_II" title="Франц II – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Франц II" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_II_(%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96)" title="Франц II (імпэратар Сьвятой Рымскай імпэрыі) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Франц II (імпэратар Сьвятой Рымскай імпэрыі)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_II" title="Франц II – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Франц II" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franjo_II,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Franjo II, car Svetog Rimskog Carstva – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Franjo II, car Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Ia%C3%B1_Aostria" title="Franz Iañ Aostria – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Franz Iañ Aostria" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesc_I_d%27%C3%80ustria" title="Francesc I d'Àustria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Francesc I d'Àustria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_I._Rakousk%C3%BD" title="František I. Rakouský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="František I. Rakouský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffransis_II,_Ymerawdwr_Gl%C3%A2n_Rhufeinig" title="Ffransis II, Ymerawdwr Glân Rhufeinig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffransis II, Ymerawdwr Glân Rhufeinig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_2._(Tysk-romerske_rige)" title="Frans 2. (Tysk-romerske rige) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frans 2. (Tysk-romerske rige)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_II._(HRR)" title="Franz II. (HRR) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Franz II. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_II" title="Franz II – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Franz II" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%C2%B4_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A1%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Φραγκίσκος Β´ της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φραγκίσκος Β´ της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_II_del_Sacro_Imperio_Romano_Germ%C3%A1nico_y_I_de_Austria" title="Francisco II del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico y I de Austria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Francisco II del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico y I de Austria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisko_la_1-a_(A%C5%ADstrio)" title="Francisko la 1-a (Aŭstrio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Francisko la 1-a (Aŭstrio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantzisko_II.a_Germaniako_Erromatar_Inperio_Santukoa" title="Frantzisko II.a Germaniako Erromatar Inperio Santukoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frantzisko II.a Germaniako Erromatar Inperio Santukoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="فرانتس دوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانتس دوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_(empereur_d%27Autriche)" title="François Ier (empereur d'Autriche) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="François Ier (empereur d'Autriche)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proinsias_II,_Impire_Naofa_R%C3%B3mh%C3%A1nach" title="Proinsias II, Impire Naofa Rómhánach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Proinsias II, Impire Naofa Rómhánach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_I_de_Austria" title="Francisco I de Austria – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Francisco I de Austria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%80%EC%B8%A0_2%EC%84%B8" title="프란츠 2세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프란츠 2세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81_II_(%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80)" title="Ֆրանց II (Ավստրիայի կայսր) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանց II (Ավստրիայի կայսր)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F)" title="द्वितीय फ्रांसिस (पवित्र रोमन सम्राट) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="द्वितीय फ्रांसिस (पवित्र रोमन सम्राट)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franjo_II.,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Franjo II., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Franjo II., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_la_1ma_di_Austria" title="Franz la 1ma di Austria – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Franz la 1ma di Austria" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_II" title="Franz II – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Franz II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_2._keisari" title="Frans 2. keisari – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frans 2. keisari" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_II_d%27Asburgo-Lorena" title="Francesco II d'Asburgo-Lorena – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Francesco II d'Asburgo-Lorena" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A5_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%94" title="פרנץ השני, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנץ השני, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA_II" title="ფრანც II – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრანც II" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaizari_Francis_II" title="Kaizari Francis II – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaizari Francis II" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_II_(imperator)" title="Franciscus II (imperator) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Franciscus II (imperator)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_II_H%C4%81bsburgs" title="Francis II Hābsburgs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Francis II Hābsburgs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_II._(HRR)" title="Franz II. (HRR) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Franz II. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperatorius_Pranci%C5%A1kus_II" title="Imperatorius Pranciškus II – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Imperatorius Pranciškus II" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Ferenc_magyar_kir%C3%A1ly" title="I. Ferenc magyar király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. Ferenc magyar király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_II_(%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Франц II (Свето Римско Царство) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Франц II (Свето Римско Царство)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_II,_Mpanjaka_Romana_Masina" title="Francis II, Mpanjaka Romana Masina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Francis II, Mpanjaka Romana Masina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C4%A1isku_I_tas-Santu_Imperu_Ruman" title="Franġisku I tas-Santu Imperu Ruman – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Franġisku I tas-Santu Imperu Ruman" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F)" title="फ्रांसिस दुसरा (पवित्र रोमन सम्राट) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रांसिस दुसरा (पवित्र रोमन सम्राट)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_(%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3)" title="فرانتس التانى (امبراطور رومانى مقدس) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانتس التانى (امبراطور رومانى مقدس)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_II,_Maharaja_Suci_Rom" title="Francis II, Maharaja Suci Rom – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Francis II, Maharaja Suci Rom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keizer_Frans_II" title="Keizer Frans II – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Keizer Frans II" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%842%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D)" title="フランツ2世 (神聖ローマ皇帝) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランツ2世 (神聖ローマ皇帝)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_II_av_Det_tysk-romerske_rike" title="Frans II av Det tysk-romerske rike – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frans II av Det tysk-romerske rike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_II_av_Det_tysk-romerske_riket" title="Frans II av Det tysk-romerske riket – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frans II av Det tysk-romerske riket" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_I" title="Frans I – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Frans I" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_II._(HRR)" title="Franz II. (HRR) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Franz II. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciszek_II_Habsburg" title="Franciszek II Habsburg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Franciszek II Habsburg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_I_da_%C3%81ustria" title="Francisco I da Áustria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Francisco I da Áustria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisc_I_al_Austriei" title="Francisc I al Austriei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Francisc I al Austriei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_II" title="Франц II – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Франц II" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_II,_Haly_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Haly Roman Emperor – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Francis II, Haly Roman Emperor" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_I_of_Austria" title="Francis I of Austria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Francis I of Austria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_II._(Sv%C3%A4t%C3%A1_r%C3%ADmska_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)" title="František II. (Svätá rímska ríša) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="František II. (Svätá rímska ríša)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc_I._Habsbur%C5%A1ko-Lotarin%C5%A1ki" title="Franc I. Habsburško-Lotarinški – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Franc I. Habsburško-Lotarinški" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_II,_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Франц II, цар Светог римског царства – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Франц II, цар Светог римског царства" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_II_od_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Franz II od Svetog Rimskog Carstva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Franz II od Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_I_(It%C3%A4valta)" title="Frans I (Itävalta) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Frans I (Itävalta)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_II_(tysk-romersk_kejsare)" title="Frans II (tysk-romersk kejsare) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frans II (tysk-romersk kejsare)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_II,_Banal_na_Emperador_Romano" title="Francis II, Banal na Emperador Romano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Francis II, Banal na Emperador Romano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81,_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இரண்டாம் பிரான்சிசு, புனித உரோமைப் பேரரசர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இரண்டாம் பிரான்சிசு, புனித உரோமைப் பேரரசர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C" title="จักรพรรดิฟรันทซ์ที่ 2 แห่งจักรวรรดิโรมันอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิฟรันทซ์ที่ 2 แห่งจักรวรรดิโรมันอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Franz_(Kutsal_Roma_imparatoru)" title="II. Franz (Kutsal Roma imparatoru) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Franz (Kutsal Roma imparatoru)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_II" title="Франц II – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франц II" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_II_c%E1%BB%A7a_Th%C3%A1nh_ch%E1%BA%BF_La_M%C3%A3" title="Franz II của Thánh chế La Mã – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Franz II của Thánh chế La Mã" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_II_(HRR)" title="Frans II (HRR) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Frans II (HRR)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%8C%A8%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96%EF%BC%88%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%89" title="弗朗茨二世（神圣罗马帝国） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="弗朗茨二世（神圣罗马帝国）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%8C%B2%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="法蘭茲二世 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法蘭茲二世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Habsburg monarch from 1792 to 1835</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Francis II & I</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Friedrich_von_Amerling_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Friedrich_von_Amerling_003.jpg/220px-Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Friedrich_von_Amerling_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Friedrich_von_Amerling_003.jpg/330px-Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Friedrich_von_Amerling_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Friedrich_von_Amerling_003.jpg/440px-Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Friedrich_von_Amerling_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1409" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">State portrait of Francis as Emperor of Austria wearing the Austrian imperial robes (by <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Amerling" title="Friedrich von Amerling">Friedrich von Amerling</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1832</span>)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal" class="noprint">(<a href="#Regnal_titles">more...</a>) </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">5 July 1792 – 6 August 1806</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor#German_royal_coronation" title="Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14 July 1792<br /><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Cathedral" title="Frankfurt Cathedral">Frankfurt Cathedral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire">Monarchy abolished</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> as <a href="/wiki/Protector_of_the_Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine">Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Habsburg_Netherlands" title="List of governors of the Habsburg Netherlands">Governors<br /><small>(in Habsburg Netherlands)</small></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><i>See list</i></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina,_Duchess_of_Teschen" title="Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen">Maria Christina of Austria</a> & <a href="/wiki/Albert_Casimir,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Albert Casimir, Duke of Teschen">Albert Casimir, Duke of Teschen</a> (1792-1793)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Charles, Duke of Teschen</a> (1793-1794) </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Austria" title="List of rulers of Austria">Archduke/Emperor of Austria</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1 March 1792/11 August 1804 – 2 March 1835</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold VII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chancellor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Klemens von Metternich">Klemens von Metternich</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" title="King of Hungary">King of Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Croatia">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Bohemia">Bohemia</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1 March 1792 – 2 March 1835</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronations</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>6 June 1792, <a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a></li><li>9 August 1792, <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand V</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Lombardy–Venetia">King of Lombardy–Venetia</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">9 June 1815 – 2 March 1835</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_German_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the German Confederation">Head of the <i>Präsidialmacht</i> Austria</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 June 1815 – 2 March 1835</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1768-02-12</span>)</span>12 February 1768<br /><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 March 1835<span style="display:none">(1835-03-02)</span> (aged 67)<br /><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crypt" title="Imperial Crypt">Imperial Crypt</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of Württemberg">Elisabeth of Württemberg</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1788; died 1790)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily">Maria Teresa of Naples and Sicily</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1790; died 1807)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Ludovika_of_Austria-Este" title="Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este">Maria Ludovika Beatrix of Modena</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1808; died 1816)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Augusta_of_Bavaria" title="Caroline Augusta of Bavaria">Caroline Augusta of Bavaria</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1816)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Children">Detail</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise,_Empress_of_the_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Louise, Empress of the French">Marie Louise, Empress of the French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Emperor_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria">Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Leopoldina_of_Austria" title="Maria Leopoldina of Austria">Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil and Queen of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Clementina_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Clementina of Austria">Maria Clementina, Princess of Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_Franz_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Franz of Austria">Archduke Joseph Franz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Marie_Caroline_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria">Maria Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Karl_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Karl of Austria">Archduke Franz Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Marie_Anne_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Marie Anne of Austria">Archduchess Maria Anna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Franz Josef Karl</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Habsburg-Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg-Lorraine">Habsburg-Lorraine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Spain" title="Maria Luisa of Spain">Maria Luisa of Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francis II & I's signature"><img alt="Francis II & I's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Signature_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg/125px-Signature_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Signature_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg/188px-Signature_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Signature_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg/250px-Signature_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Francis II and I</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Franz II.</i>; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> as <b>Francis II</b> from 1792 to 1806, and the first <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Austria" title="Emperor of Austria">Emperor of Austria</a> as <b>Francis I</b> from 1804 to 1835. He was also <a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" title="King of Hungary">King of Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Croatia">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bohemian_monarchs" title="List of Bohemian monarchs">Bohemia</a>, and served as the first president of the <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> following its establishment in 1815. </p><p>The eldest son of future <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Leopold II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Spain" title="Maria Luisa of Spain">Maria Luisa of Spain</a>, Francis was born in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, where his father ruled as <a href="/wiki/List_of_grand_dukes_of_Tuscany" title="List of grand dukes of Tuscany">Grand Duke of Tuscany</a>. Leopold became Holy Roman Emperor in 1790 but died two years later, and Francis succeeded him. His empire immediately became embroiled in the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a>, the first of which ended in Austrian defeat and the loss of the left bank of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> to France. After another French victory in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> crowned himself <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_French" title="Emperor of the French">Emperor of the French</a>. In response, Francis assumed the title of Emperor of Austria. He continued his leading role as Napoleon's adversary in the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, and suffered successive defeats that greatly weakened Austria as a European power. In 1806, after Napoleon created the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a>, Francis abdicated as Holy Roman Emperor, which in effect marked the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. Following the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">Fifth Coalition</a>, Francis ceded more territory to France and was forced to wed his daughter <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma">Marie Louise</a> to Napoleon. </p><p>In 1813, Francis turned against Napoleon and finally defeated him in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">War of the Sixth Coalition</a>, forcing the French emperor to abdicate. Austria took part as a leading member of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Alliance" title="Holy Alliance">Holy Alliance</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>, which was largely dominated by Francis' chancellor <a href="/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Klemens von Metternich">Klemens von Metternich</a>, culminating in a new European order and the restoration of most of Francis' ancient dominions. Due to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Concert_of_Europe" title="Concert of Europe">Concert of Europe</a>, which resisted popular nationalist and liberal tendencies, Francis was viewed as a <a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">reactionary</a> later in his reign. Francis died in 1835 at the age of 67 and was succeeded by his son, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archduke_Franz_Joseph_Karl_(1770).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Archduke_Franz_Joseph_Karl_%281770%29.jpg/170px-Archduke_Franz_Joseph_Karl_%281770%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Archduke_Franz_Joseph_Karl_%281770%29.jpg/255px-Archduke_Franz_Joseph_Karl_%281770%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Archduke_Franz_Joseph_Karl_%281770%29.jpg/340px-Archduke_Franz_Joseph_Karl_%281770%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3566" data-file-height="5434" /></a><figcaption>1770 painting by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Raphael_Mengs" title="Anton Raphael Mengs">Anton Raphael Mengs</a> depicting Archduke Francis at the age of 2</figcaption></figure> <p>Francis was a son of <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Leopold II</a> (1747–1792) and his wife <a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Spain" title="Maria Luisa of Spain">Maria Luisa of Spain</a> (1745–1792), daughter of <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III of Spain</a>. Francis was born in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a>, where his father reigned as <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Tuscany">Grand Duke</a> from 1765 to 1790. Though he had a happy childhood surrounded by his many siblings,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his family knew Francis was likely to be a future Emperor (his uncle <a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph</a> had no surviving issue from either of his two marriages), and so in 1784 the young Archduke was sent to the Imperial Court in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> to educate and prepare him for his future role.<sup id="cite_ref-wheatcroft234_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheatcroft234-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Joseph II</a> himself took charge of Francis' development. His disciplinarian regime was a stark contrast to the indulgent Florentine Court of Leopold. The Emperor wrote that Francis was "stunted in growth", "backward in bodily dexterity and deportment", and "neither more nor less than a spoiled mother's child." Joseph concluded that "the manner in which he was treated for upwards of sixteen years could not but have confirmed him in the delusion that the preservation of his own person was the only thing of importance."<sup id="cite_ref-wheatcroft234_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheatcroft234-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Joseph's <a href="/wiki/Martinet" title="Martinet">martinet</a> method of improving the young Francis was "fear and unpleasantness."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The young Archduke was isolated, the reasoning being that this would make him more self-sufficient as it was felt by Joseph that Francis "failed to lead himself, to do his own thinking." Nonetheless, Francis greatly admired his uncle, if rather in fear of him. To complete his training, Francis was sent to join an army regiment in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1526%E2%80%931867)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)">Hungary</a> and he settled easily into the routine of military life.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was present at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1789)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1789)">siege of Belgrade</a> which occurred during the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Turkish_War_(1788%E2%80%931791)" title="Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)">Austro-Turkish War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the death of Joseph II in 1790, Francis' father became Emperor. He had an early taste of power while acting as Leopold's deputy in Vienna while the incoming Emperor traversed the Empire attempting to win back those alienated by his brother's policies.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strain took a toll on Leopold and by the winter of 1791, he became ill. He gradually worsened throughout early 1792; on the afternoon of 1 March Leopold died, at the relatively young age of 44. Francis, just past his 24th birthday, was now Emperor, much sooner than he had expected. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emperor">Emperor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Emperor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wars_with_France">Wars with France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wars with France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor_at_age_25,_1792.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_at_age_25%2C_1792.png/220px-Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_at_age_25%2C_1792.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_at_age_25%2C_1792.png/330px-Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_at_age_25%2C_1792.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_at_age_25%2C_1792.png 2x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption>Painting of Francis II at the age of 25, wearing the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Order of the Golden Fleece</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire">Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire</a> and Hungary's <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Saint_Stephen" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of Saint Stephen">Crown of Saint Stephen</a> in the background (1792)</figcaption></figure><p> As the head of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> and the ruler of the vast multi-ethnic <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg hereditary lands</a>, Francis felt threatened by the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French revolutionaries</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon's</a> expansionism as well as their social and political reforms which were being exported throughout Europe in the wake of the conquering French armies. Francis had a fraught relationship with France. His aunt <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Antoinette of Austria">Marie Antoinette</a>, the wife of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a> and Queen consort of France, was guillotined by the revolutionaries in 1793, at the beginning of his reign, although, on the whole, he was indifferent to her fate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser2002492_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser2002492-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C3%B6rtr%C3%A4t_Kaiser_Franz_I_von_%C3%96sterreich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/P%C3%B6rtr%C3%A4t_Kaiser_Franz_I_von_%C3%96sterreich.jpg/220px-P%C3%B6rtr%C3%A4t_Kaiser_Franz_I_von_%C3%96sterreich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/P%C3%B6rtr%C3%A4t_Kaiser_Franz_I_von_%C3%96sterreich.jpg/330px-P%C3%B6rtr%C3%A4t_Kaiser_Franz_I_von_%C3%96sterreich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/P%C3%B6rtr%C3%A4t_Kaiser_Franz_I_von_%C3%96sterreich.jpg/440px-P%C3%B6rtr%C3%A4t_Kaiser_Franz_I_von_%C3%96sterreich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Francis I as <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian Emperor">Austrian Emperor</a> wearing the Order of the Golden Fleece, undated</figcaption></figure><p>Later, he led the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> into the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a>. He briefly commanded the Allied forces during the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries_theatre_of_the_War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="Low Countries theatre of the War of the First Coalition">Flanders Campaign</a> of 1794 before handing over command to his brother <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles</a>. He was later defeated by Napoleon. By the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Treaty of Campo Formio</a>, he ceded the left bank of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> to <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">France</a> in exchange for <a href="/wiki/Domini_di_Terraferma" title="Domini di Terraferma">Venice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Dalmatia" title="Venetian Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>. He again fought against France during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a>. </p><p>On 11 August 1804, in response to Napoleon crowning himself as emperor of the French earlier that year, he announced that he would henceforth assume the title of hereditary emperor of Austria as Francis I, a move that technically was illegal in terms of imperial law. Yet Napoleon had agreed beforehand and therefore it happened.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Napoleonic_Wars">Napoleonic Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Napoleonic Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Third_Coalition" title="War of the Third Coalition">War of the Third Coalition</a>, the Austrian forces met a crushing defeat at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Austerlitz</a>, and Francis had to agree to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pressburg_(1805)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Pressburg (1805)">Treaty of Pressburg</a>, which greatly weakened Austria and brought about the final collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. In July 1806, under massive pressure from France, Bavaria and fifteen other German states ratified the statutes founding the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a>, with Napoleon designated Protector, and they announced to the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">Imperial Diet</a> their intention to leave the Empire with immediate effect. Then, on 22 July, Napoleon issued an ultimatum to Francis demanding that he abdicate as Holy Roman Emperor by 10 August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhaley2012643_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhaley2012643-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Five days later, Francis bowed to the inevitable and, without mentioning the ultimatum, affirmed that since the Peace of Pressburg he had tried his best to fulfil his duties as emperor but that circumstances had convinced him that he could no longer rule according to his oath of office, the formation of the Confederation of the Rhine making that impossible. He added that "we hereby decree that we regard the bond which until now tied us to the states of the Empire as dissolved"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhaley2012643–644_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhaley2012643–644-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in effect dissolving the empire. At the same time he declared the complete and formal withdrawal of his hereditary lands from imperial jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGagliardo1980281_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGagliardo1980281-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that date, he reigned as Francis I, Emperor of Austria. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_I,_Emperor_of_Austria_-_Lawrence_1818-19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Francis_I%2C_Emperor_of_Austria_-_Lawrence_1818-19.jpg/170px-Francis_I%2C_Emperor_of_Austria_-_Lawrence_1818-19.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Francis_I%2C_Emperor_of_Austria_-_Lawrence_1818-19.jpg/255px-Francis_I%2C_Emperor_of_Austria_-_Lawrence_1818-19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Francis_I%2C_Emperor_of_Austria_-_Lawrence_1818-19.jpg/340px-Francis_I%2C_Emperor_of_Austria_-_Lawrence_1818-19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Francis_I_of_Austria" title="Portrait of Francis I of Austria">Portrait of Francis I</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lawrence" title="Thomas Lawrence">Thomas Lawrence</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1818–19</span></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1809, Francis, deeming another war with France as inevitable and influenced by hawks in Vienna, <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">attacked</a> France again, hoping to take advantage of the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a> embroiling Napoleon in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Spain_under_Joseph_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Spain under Joseph Bonaparte">Spain</a>. He was again defeated, and this time forced to ally himself with Napoleon, ceding territory to the Empire, joining the <a href="/wiki/Continental_System" title="Continental System">Continental System</a>, and wedding his daughter <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Louise of Austria">Marie-Louise</a> to the Emperor. The <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> drastically weakened Austria, making it entirely landlocked and threatened its preeminence among the states of Germany, a position that it would eventually cede to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>. </p><p>In 1813, for the fifth and final time, Austria turned against France and joined <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Great Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a>, Prussia and Sweden in their <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">war against Napoleon</a>. Austria played a major role in the final defeat of France—in recognition of this, Francis, represented by <a href="/wiki/Clemens_von_Metternich" class="mw-redirect" title="Clemens von Metternich">Clemens von Metternich</a>, presided over the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>, helping to form the <a href="/wiki/Concert_of_Europe" title="Concert of Europe">Concert of Europe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Alliance" title="Holy Alliance">Holy Alliance</a>, ushering in an era of conservatism in Europe. The <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a>, a loose association of Central European states was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to organize the surviving states of the Holy Roman Empire. The Congress was a personal triumph for Francis, who hosted the assorted dignitaries in comfort,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996249_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996249-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though Francis undermined his allies <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Tsar Alexander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_III_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William III of Prussia">Frederick William III of Prussia</a> by negotiating a secret treaty with the restored French king <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996250_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996250-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Domestic policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_thaler_Austria_1820.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/1_thaler_Austria_1820.png/220px-1_thaler_Austria_1820.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/1_thaler_Austria_1820.png/330px-1_thaler_Austria_1820.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/1_thaler_Austria_1820.png/440px-1_thaler_Austria_1820.png 2x" data-file-width="2492" data-file-height="1304" /></a><figcaption>1 <a href="/wiki/Thaler" title="Thaler">Thaler</a> <a href="/wiki/Silver_coin" title="Silver coin">silver coin</a> with portrait of Emperor Franz I, 1820</figcaption></figure> <p>The violent events of the French Revolution impressed themselves deeply into the mind of Francis (as well as all other European monarchs), and he came to distrust radicalism in any form. In 1794, a "<a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(politics)" title="Jacobin (politics)">Jacobin</a>" conspiracy was discovered in the Austrian and Hungarian armies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996239_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996239-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaders were put on trial, but the verdicts only skirted the perimeter of the conspiracy. Francis' brother <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Alexander_Leopold_of_Austria" title="Archduke Alexander Leopold of Austria">Alexander Leopold</a> (at that time <a href="/wiki/Palatine_of_Hungary" title="Palatine of Hungary">Palatine of Hungary</a>) wrote to the Emperor admitting "Although we have caught a lot of the culprits, we have not really got to the bottom of this business yet." Nonetheless, two officers heavily implicated in the conspiracy were <a href="/wiki/Hanging" title="Hanging">hanged</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gibbet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibbet">gibbeted</a>, while numerous others were sentenced to imprisonment (many of whom died from the conditions)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996240_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996240-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basel,_Switzerland,_Napoleonic_Wars_Medal_of_Francis_II_by_P._J._Treu_(better_version).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Basel%2C_Switzerland%2C_Napoleonic_Wars_Medal_of_Francis_II_by_P._J._Treu_%28better_version%29.jpg/170px-Basel%2C_Switzerland%2C_Napoleonic_Wars_Medal_of_Francis_II_by_P._J._Treu_%28better_version%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Basel%2C_Switzerland%2C_Napoleonic_Wars_Medal_of_Francis_II_by_P._J._Treu_%28better_version%29.jpg/255px-Basel%2C_Switzerland%2C_Napoleonic_Wars_Medal_of_Francis_II_by_P._J._Treu_%28better_version%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Basel%2C_Switzerland%2C_Napoleonic_Wars_Medal_of_Francis_II_by_P._J._Treu_%28better_version%29.jpg/340px-Basel%2C_Switzerland%2C_Napoleonic_Wars_Medal_of_Francis_II_by_P._J._Treu_%28better_version%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3140" data-file-height="3880" /></a><figcaption>Medallion of Francis I, designed by <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Jakob_Treu" class="extiw" title="de:Philipp Jakob Treu">Philipp Jakob Treu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Napoleonic_era" title="Switzerland in the Napoleonic era">Switzerland</a> on 13 January 1814. This was the date in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">War of the Sixth Coalition</a> when the allied monarchs of Austria, Prussia, and Russia crossed the Rhine at Basel into France.</figcaption></figure> <p>Francis was from his experiences suspicious and set up an extensive network of police spies and censors to monitor dissent<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996240_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996240-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in this he was following his father's lead, as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany had the most effective secret police in Europe).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996234_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996234-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even his family did not escape attention. His brothers, the Archdukes <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Charles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Johann_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke Johann of Austria">Johann</a> had their meetings and activities spied upon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996248_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996248-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Censorship was also prevalent. The author <a href="/wiki/Franz_Grillparzer" title="Franz Grillparzer">Franz Grillparzer</a>, a Habsburg patriot, had one play suppressed solely as a "precautionary" measure. When Grillparzer met the censor responsible, he asked him what was objectionable about the work. The censor replied, "Oh, nothing at all. But I thought to myself, 'One can never tell'."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996241_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996241-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In military affairs Francis had allowed his brother, the <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles</a>, extensive control over the army during the Napoleonic wars. Yet, distrustful of allowing any individual too much power, he otherwise maintained the separation of command functions between the <a href="/wiki/Hofkriegsrat" title="Hofkriegsrat">Hofkriegsrat</a> and his field commanders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERothenburg19766_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERothenburg19766-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the later years of his reign he limited military spending, requiring it not exceed forty million <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_florin" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian florin">florins</a> per year; because of inflation this resulted in inadequate funding, with the army's share of the budget shrinking from half in 1817 to only twenty-three percent in 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERothenburg197610_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERothenburg197610-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Francis presented himself as an open and approachable monarch (he regularly set aside two mornings each week to meet with his imperial subjects, regardless of status, by appointment in his office, even speaking to them in their own language),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996245_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996245-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but his will was sovereign. In 1804, he had no compunction about announcing that through his authority as Holy Roman Emperor, he declared he was now Emperor of Austria (at the time a geographical term that had little resonance). Two years later, Francis personally wound up the moribund Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. Both actions were of dubious constitutional legality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996246_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996246-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To increase patriotic sentiment during the war with France, the anthem "<a href="/wiki/Gott_erhalte_Franz_den_Kaiser" title="Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser">Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser</a>" was composed in 1797 to be sung as the Kaiserhymne to music by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lyrics were adapted for later Emperors and the music lives on as the German national anthem "<a href="/wiki/Deutschlandlied" title="Deutschlandlied">Deutschlandlied</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Friedrich_von_Amerling_-_Kaiser_Franz_I._von_%C3%96sterreich_-_2680_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Friedrich_von_Amerling_-_Kaiser_Franz_I._von_%C3%96sterreich_-_2680_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg/170px-Friedrich_von_Amerling_-_Kaiser_Franz_I._von_%C3%96sterreich_-_2680_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Friedrich_von_Amerling_-_Kaiser_Franz_I._von_%C3%96sterreich_-_2680_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg/255px-Friedrich_von_Amerling_-_Kaiser_Franz_I._von_%C3%96sterreich_-_2680_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Friedrich_von_Amerling_-_Kaiser_Franz_I._von_%C3%96sterreich_-_2680_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg/340px-Friedrich_von_Amerling_-_Kaiser_Franz_I._von_%C3%96sterreich_-_2680_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2833" data-file-height="3508" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of an aging Francis II, by <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Amerling" title="Friedrich von Amerling">Friedrich von Amerling</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1832</span></figcaption></figure><p> On 2 March 1835, 43 years and a day after his father's death, Francis died in Vienna of a sudden fever aged 67, in the presence of many of his family and with all the religious comforts.<sup id="cite_ref-wheatcroft254_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheatcroft254-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His funeral was magnificent, with his Viennese subjects respectfully filing past his coffin in the court chapel of the <a href="/wiki/Hofburg" title="Hofburg">Hofburg</a> palace<sup id="cite_ref-wz18350305_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wz18350305-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for three days.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Francis was interred in the traditional resting place of Habsburg monarchs, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crypt" title="Imperial Crypt">Imperial Crypt</a> in Vienna's Neue Markt Square. He is buried in tomb number 57, surrounded by tombs of his four wives.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarcophagus_Emperor_Franz_II.(I.)_Vienna_Austria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Sarcophagus_Emperor_Franz_II.%28I.%29_Vienna_Austria.jpg/170px-Sarcophagus_Emperor_Franz_II.%28I.%29_Vienna_Austria.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Sarcophagus_Emperor_Franz_II.%28I.%29_Vienna_Austria.jpg/255px-Sarcophagus_Emperor_Franz_II.%28I.%29_Vienna_Austria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Sarcophagus_Emperor_Franz_II.%28I.%29_Vienna_Austria.jpg/340px-Sarcophagus_Emperor_Franz_II.%28I.%29_Vienna_Austria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2010" data-file-height="3020" /></a><figcaption>Sarcophagus of Francis II in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crypt,_Vienna" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Crypt, Vienna">Imperial Crypt</a></figcaption></figure><p>Francis passed on a main point in the political testament he left for his son and heir <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand</a>: to "preserve unity in the family and regard it as one of the highest goods." In many portraits (particularly those painted by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Fendi" title="Peter Fendi">Peter Fendi</a>) he was portrayed as the patriarch of a loving family, surrounded by his children and grandchildren.<sup id="cite_ref-wheatcroft254_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheatcroft254-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriages">Marriages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Marriages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Special:EditPage/Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Francis II married four times: </p> <ol><li>On 6 January 1788, to <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of Württemberg">Elisabeth of Württemberg</a> (21 April 1767 – 18 February 1790).</li> <li>On 15 September 1790, to his double first cousin <a href="/wiki/Maria_Teresa_of_the_Two_Sicilies" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies">Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies</a> (6 June 1772 – 13 April 1807), daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies</a> (both were grandchildren of Empress <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> and shared all of their other grandparents in common), with whom he had twelve children, of whom only seven reached adulthood.</li> <li>On 6 January 1808, he married again to another first cousin, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ludovika_of_Austria-Este" title="Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este">Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este</a> (14 December 1787 – 7 April 1816) with no issue. She was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ferdinand_of_Austria-Este" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este">Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este</a> and Maria Beatrice <a href="/wiki/House_of_Este" title="House of Este">d'Este</a>, Princess of <a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a>.</li> <li>On 29 October 1816, to <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Augusta_of_Bavaria" title="Caroline Augusta of Bavaria">Karoline Charlotte Auguste of Bavaria</a> (8 February 1792 – 9 February 1873) with no issue. She was daughter of <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_Joseph_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria">Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria</a> and had been previously married to <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="William I of Württemberg">William I of Württemberg</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Children">Children</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From his first wife <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of Württemberg">Elisabeth of Württemberg</a>, one daughter, who died in infancy, and his second wife <a href="/wiki/Maria_Teresa_of_the_Two_Sicilies" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies">Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies</a>, eight daughters and four sons, of whom five died in infancy or childhood: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Children of Francis II </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Picture</th> <th>Birth</th> <th>Death</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4">By Elisabeth of Württemberg </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Archduchess Ludovika Elisabeth</b></td> <td></td> <td>18 February 1790</td> <td>24 June 1791 (aged 1)</td> <td>Died in infancy and buried in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crypt" title="Imperial Crypt">Imperial Crypt</a>, Vienna, Austria. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4">By Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma">Archduchess Maria Ludovika</a></b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27imp%C3%A9ratriceMarie-Louise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/L%27imp%C3%A9ratriceMarie-Louise.jpg/100px-L%27imp%C3%A9ratriceMarie-Louise.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/L%27imp%C3%A9ratriceMarie-Louise.jpg/150px-L%27imp%C3%A9ratriceMarie-Louise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/L%27imp%C3%A9ratriceMarie-Louise.jpg/200px-L%27imp%C3%A9ratriceMarie-Louise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="891" /></a></span></td> <td>12 December 1791</td> <td>17 December 1847 (aged 56)</td> <td>Married first <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Bonaparte</a>, had issue, married second <a href="/wiki/Adam_Adalbert_von_Neipperg" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam Adalbert von Neipperg">Adam, count of Neipperg</a>, had issue, married third to Charles, Count of Bombelles, no issue. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Emperor Ferdinand I</a></b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaiser_Ferdinand_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kaiser_Ferdinand_I.jpg/100px-Kaiser_Ferdinand_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kaiser_Ferdinand_I.jpg/150px-Kaiser_Ferdinand_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kaiser_Ferdinand_I.jpg/200px-Kaiser_Ferdinand_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2255" data-file-height="3106" /></a></span></td> <td>19 April 1793</td> <td>29 June 1875 (aged 82)</td> <td>Married <a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Savoy" title="Maria Anna of Savoy">Maria Anna of Savoy</a>, Princess of Sardinia, no issue. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Archduchess Marie Caroline</b></td> <td></td> <td>8 June 1794</td> <td>16 March 1795 (aged 9 months)</td> <td>Died in childhood, no issue. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Archduchess Caroline Ludovika</b></td> <td></td> <td>22 December 1795</td> <td>30 June 1797 (aged 1)</td> <td>Died in childhood, no issue. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Maria_Leopoldina_of_Austria" title="Maria Leopoldina of Austria">Archduchess Caroline Josepha Leopoldine</a></b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria_Leopoldina_1815.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Maria_Leopoldina_1815.jpg/100px-Maria_Leopoldina_1815.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Maria_Leopoldina_1815.jpg/150px-Maria_Leopoldina_1815.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Maria_Leopoldina_1815.jpg/200px-Maria_Leopoldina_1815.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2511" data-file-height="3420" /></a></span></td> <td>22 January 1797</td> <td>11 December 1826 (aged 29)</td> <td>Renamed Maria Leopoldina upon her marriage; married <a href="/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil" title="Pedro I of Brazil">Pedro I of Brazil</a> (a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/Pedro_IV_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro IV of Portugal">Pedro IV of Portugal</a>); issue included <a href="/wiki/Maria_II_of_Portugal" title="Maria II of Portugal">Maria II of Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil" title="Pedro II of Brazil">Pedro II of Brazil</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Clementina_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Clementina of Austria">Archduchess Maria Klementina</a></b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Princesse_de_Salerne.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Princesse_de_Salerne.jpeg/100px-Princesse_de_Salerne.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Princesse_de_Salerne.jpeg/150px-Princesse_de_Salerne.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Princesse_de_Salerne.jpeg/200px-Princesse_de_Salerne.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="631" /></a></span></td> <td>1 March 1798</td> <td>3 September 1881 (aged 83)</td> <td>Married her maternal uncle <a href="/wiki/Leopold,_Prince_of_Salerno" title="Leopold, Prince of Salerno">Leopold, Prince of Salerno</a>, had issue. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_Franz_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Franz of Austria">Archduke Joseph Franz Leopold</a></b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Josef_Kreuzinger_Erzherzog_Joseph_Franz_Leopold.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Josef_Kreuzinger_Erzherzog_Joseph_Franz_Leopold.jpg/100px-Josef_Kreuzinger_Erzherzog_Joseph_Franz_Leopold.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Josef_Kreuzinger_Erzherzog_Joseph_Franz_Leopold.jpg/150px-Josef_Kreuzinger_Erzherzog_Joseph_Franz_Leopold.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Josef_Kreuzinger_Erzherzog_Joseph_Franz_Leopold.jpg/200px-Josef_Kreuzinger_Erzherzog_Joseph_Franz_Leopold.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3444" data-file-height="4025" /></a></span></td> <td>9 April 1799</td> <td>30 June 1807 (aged 8)</td> <td>Died some weeks after his mother in childhood, no issue. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Marie_Caroline_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria">Archduchess Maria Karolina</a></b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Krafft_Bildnis_einer_Maria_Karolina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Peter_Krafft_Bildnis_einer_Maria_Karolina.jpg/100px-Peter_Krafft_Bildnis_einer_Maria_Karolina.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Peter_Krafft_Bildnis_einer_Maria_Karolina.jpg/150px-Peter_Krafft_Bildnis_einer_Maria_Karolina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Peter_Krafft_Bildnis_einer_Maria_Karolina.jpg/200px-Peter_Krafft_Bildnis_einer_Maria_Karolina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3486" data-file-height="4511" /></a></span></td> <td>8 April 1801</td> <td>22 May 1832 (aged 31)</td> <td>Married Crown Prince (later King) <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_II_of_Saxony" title="Frederick Augustus II of Saxony">Frederick Augustus II of Saxony</a>, no issue. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Karl_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Karl of Austria">Archduke Franz Karl</a></b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waldm%C3%BCller_Erzherzog_Franz_Carl_1839.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Waldm%C3%BCller_Erzherzog_Franz_Carl_1839.jpg/100px-Waldm%C3%BCller_Erzherzog_Franz_Carl_1839.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Waldm%C3%BCller_Erzherzog_Franz_Carl_1839.jpg/150px-Waldm%C3%BCller_Erzherzog_Franz_Carl_1839.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Waldm%C3%BCller_Erzherzog_Franz_Carl_1839.jpg/200px-Waldm%C3%BCller_Erzherzog_Franz_Carl_1839.jpg 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td>17 December 1802</td> <td>8 March 1878 (aged 75)</td> <td>Married <a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophie_of_Bavaria" title="Princess Sophie of Bavaria">Princess Sophie of Bavaria</a>; issue included <a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I of Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_of_Mexico" title="Maximilian I of Mexico">Maximilian I of Mexico</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Anna_of_Austria_(1804%E2%80%931858)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (1804–1858)">Archduchess Marie Anne</a></b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria_Anna_d%27Austria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maria_Anna_d%27Austria.jpg/100px-Maria_Anna_d%27Austria.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maria_Anna_d%27Austria.jpg/150px-Maria_Anna_d%27Austria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maria_Anna_d%27Austria.jpg/200px-Maria_Anna_d%27Austria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="385" /></a></span></td> <td>8 June 1804</td> <td>28 December 1858 (aged 54)</td> <td>Born intellectually disabled (like her eldest brother, Emperor Ferdinand I) and to have suffered from a severe facial deformity. Died unmarried. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Archduke Johann Nepomuk</b></td> <td></td> <td>30 August 1805</td> <td>19 February 1809 (aged 3)</td> <td>Died in childhood, no issue. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Archduchess Amalie Theresa</b></td> <td></td> <td>6 April 1807</td> <td>9 April 1807 (aged 3 days)</td> <td>Died in childhood, no issue. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles,_honours_and_heraldry"><span id="Titles.2C_honours_and_heraldry"></span>Titles, honours and heraldry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Titles, honours and heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wien_-_Denkmal_Kaiser_Franz_I._(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Wien_-_Denkmal_Kaiser_Franz_I._%281%29.JPG/220px-Wien_-_Denkmal_Kaiser_Franz_I._%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Wien_-_Denkmal_Kaiser_Franz_I._%281%29.JPG/330px-Wien_-_Denkmal_Kaiser_Franz_I._%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Wien_-_Denkmal_Kaiser_Franz_I._%281%29.JPG/440px-Wien_-_Denkmal_Kaiser_Franz_I._%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4961" data-file-height="2694" /></a><figcaption>Monument in the inner courtyard of the <a href="/wiki/Hofburg" title="Hofburg">Hofburg</a> in Vienna, showing him as the last Roman <i><a href="/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator">Imperator</a></i>, in a pose similar to the <a href="/wiki/Augustus_of_Prima_Porta" title="Augustus of Prima Porta">Augustus of Prima Porta</a> statue</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wien_Hofburg_brama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Wien_Hofburg_brama.jpg/220px-Wien_Hofburg_brama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Wien_Hofburg_brama.jpg/330px-Wien_Hofburg_brama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Wien_Hofburg_brama.jpg/440px-Wien_Hofburg_brama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Golden dedication inscription at the <i>Äusseres Burgtor</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Hofburg_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Hofburg Palace">Hofburg Palace</a> in Vienna of "FRANCISCUS I. <a href="/wiki/IMPERATOR" class="mw-redirect" title="IMPERATOR">IMPERATOR</a> AUSTRIAE MDCCCXXIV" (Francis I. Emperor of Austria 1824)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Titles">Titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1806 he used the <a href="/wiki/Grand_title_of_the_emperor_of_Austria" title="Grand title of the emperor of Austria">grand title of the emperor of Austria</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty, <br /> Francis the First <br /> <a href="/wiki/By_the_Grace_of_God" title="By the Grace of God">By the Grace of God</a> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Austria" title="Emperor of Austria">Emperor of Austria</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" title="King of Hungary">King of Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Bohemia">Bohemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Lombardy–Venetia</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Dalmatia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Slavonia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Slavonia">Slavonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Austria" title="Emperor of Austria">Galicia</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Lodomeria" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Lodomeria">Lodomeria</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_of_Illyria" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Illyria">Illyria</a>; <br /> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem" title="King of Jerusalem">King of Jerusalem</a>, etc.; <br /> <a href="/wiki/Archduke_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke of Austria">Archduke of Austria</a>;<br /> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Tuscany">Grand Duke of Tuscany</a>;<br /> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Lorraine">Duke of Lorraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carinthia" title="Carinthia">Carinthia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carniola" title="Carniola">Carniola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bukovina</a>;<br /> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prince_of_Transylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Prince of Transylvania">Grand Prince of Transylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margrave_of_Moravia" class="mw-redirect" title="Margrave of Moravia">Margrave of Moravia</a>;<br /> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Upper_and_Lower_Silesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Upper and Lower Silesia">Duke of Upper and Lower Silesia</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guastalla" title="Guastalla">Guastalla</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Auschwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Zator" title="Duchy of Zator">Zator</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Cieszyn" title="Cieszyn">Teschen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friaul" class="mw-redirect" title="Friaul">Friaul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Ragusa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zadar" title="Zadar">Zara</a>;<br /> <a href="/wiki/Princely_Count_of_Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely Count of Habsburg">Princely Count of Habsburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tyrol" title="County of Tyrol">Tyrol</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Princely_Count_of_Kyburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely Count of Kyburg">Kyburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princely_Count_of_Gorizia_and_Gradisca" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely Count of Gorizia and Gradisca">Gorizia and Gradisca</a>;<br /> <a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Prince of Trento</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brixen" title="Brixen">Brixen</a>;<br /> <a href="/wiki/Margrave_of_Upper_and_Lower_Lusatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia">Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a>;<br /> <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Hohenems" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Hohenems">Count of Hohenems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feldkirch,_Vorarlberg" title="Feldkirch, Vorarlberg">Feldkirch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonnenberg" title="Sonnenberg">Sonnenberg</a> etc.;<br /> <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Trieste" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of Trieste">Lord of Trieste</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Cattaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattaro">Cattaro</a> and on the <a href="/wiki/Windic_March" title="Windic March">Windic March</a>;<br /> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Voivode_of_the_Voivodeship_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Voivode of the Voivodeship of Serbia">Grand Voivode of the Voivodeship of Serbia</a><br /> etc., etc. </p> </div></blockquote><p><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1804 with the proclamation of the Empire of Austria until his abdication as Holy Roman Emperor in 1806 his grand title started "By the Grace of God anointed <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ever_Increaser_of_the_Realm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ever Increaser of the Realm">ever Increaser of the Realm</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_in_Germania" class="mw-redirect" title="King in Germania">King in Germania</a> ("<i>von Gottes Gnaden erwählter Römischer Kaiser, zu allen Zeiten Mehrer des Reichs sowie König in Germanien</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orders_and_decorations">Orders and decorations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Orders and decorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_with_haloes_%281430-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_with_haloes_%281430-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_with_haloes_%281430-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_with_haloes_%281430-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_with_haloes_%281430-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_with_haloes_%281430-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Knight of the Golden Fleece</a>, <i>1768</i><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_Maria_Theresa" title="Military Order of Maria Theresa">Military Order of Maria Theresa</a>, <i>1790</i><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Founder and Grand Master of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Austria)" title="Order of Leopold (Austria)">Imperial Order of Leopold</a>, <i>8 January 1808</i><sup id="cite_ref-Berlien1846_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berlien1846-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Founder and Grand Master of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Iron_Crown_(Austria)" title="Order of the Iron Crown (Austria)">Order of the Iron Crown</a>, <i>1815</i><sup id="cite_ref-Berlien1846_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berlien1846-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">French Empire</a>: Grand Eagle of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a>, <i>1811</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/23px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/35px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/45px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Kingdom of France</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit" title="Order of the Holy Spirit">Knight of the Holy Spirit</a>, <i>1815</i><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Hubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Hubert">Knight of St. Hubert</a>, <i>1813</i><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Svensk_flagg_1815.svg/21px-Svensk_flagg_1815.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Svensk_flagg_1815.svg/32px-Svensk_flagg_1815.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Svensk_flagg_1815.svg/42px-Svensk_flagg_1815.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="525" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Sword" title="Order of the Sword">Grand Cross of the Sword, 1st Class</a>, <i>20 February 1814</i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Stranger Knight of the Garter</a>, <i>9 June 1814</i><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Elephant" title="Order of the Elephant">Knight of the Elephant</a>, <i>12 November 1814</i><sup id="cite_ref-Berlien1846_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berlien1846-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_of_Portugal%2C_Brazil%2C_and_Algarves.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_of_Portugal%2C_Brazil%2C_and_Algarves.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_of_Portugal%2C_Brazil%2C_and_Algarves.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_of_Portugal%2C_Brazil%2C_and_Algarves.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_of_Portugal%2C_Brazil%2C_and_Algarves.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_of_Portugal%2C_Brazil%2C_and_Algarves.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves" title="United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves">Kingdom of Portugal</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Sash_of_the_Three_Orders" title="Sash of the Three Orders">Sash of the Three Orders</a>, <i>1818</i><sup id="cite_ref-Vicente_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vicente-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Two Sicilies</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Januarius" title="Order of Saint Januarius">Knight of St. Januarius</a>, <i>1821</i><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Ferdinand_and_of_Merit" title="Order of Saint Ferdinand and of Merit">Grand Cross of St. Ferdinand and Merit</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Civil_Flag_and_Civil_Ensign_of_the_Kingdom_of_Sardinia_%281816-1848%29.svg/23px-Civil_Flag_and_Civil_Ensign_of_the_Kingdom_of_Sardinia_%281816-1848%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Civil_Flag_and_Civil_Ensign_of_the_Kingdom_of_Sardinia_%281816-1848%29.svg/35px-Civil_Flag_and_Civil_Ensign_of_the_Kingdom_of_Sardinia_%281816-1848%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Civil_Flag_and_Civil_Ensign_of_the_Kingdom_of_Sardinia_%281816-1848%29.svg/45px-Civil_Flag_and_Civil_Ensign_of_the_Kingdom_of_Sardinia_%281816-1848%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Knight of the Annunciation</a>, <i>3 January 1824</i><sup id="cite_ref-Cibrario1869_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cibrario1869-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Andrew" title="Order of St. Andrew">Knight of St. Andrew</a>, <i>13 March 1826</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Alexander_Nevsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Alexander Nevsky">Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky</a>, <i>13 March 1826</i></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="439" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a>: <ul><li>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Pedro_I" title="Order of Pedro I">Order of Pedro I</a>, <i>1827</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Southern_Cross" title="Order of the Southern Cross">Grand Cross of the Southern Cross</a>, <i>1830</i></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg/46px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Baden</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/House_Order_of_Fidelity" title="House Order of Fidelity">House Order of Fidelity</a>, <i>1830</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Z%C3%A4hringer_Lion" title="Order of the Zähringer Lion">Grand Cross of the Zähringer Lion</a>, <i>1830</i></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany"><img alt="Tuscany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_with_Great_Coat_of_arms.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_with_Great_Coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_with_Great_Coat_of_arms.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_with_Great_Coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_with_Great_Coat_of_arms.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_with_Great_Coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Joseph" title="Order of Saint Joseph">Grand Cross of St. Joseph</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg/185px-Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg.png" decoding="async" width="185" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg/278px-Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg/370px-Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="919" data-file-height="1271" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg/185px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg.png" decoding="async" width="185" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg/278px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg/370px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="919" data-file-height="1271" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperors-Or_shield_variant.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors-Or_shield_variant.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors-Or_shield_variant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors-Or_shield_variant.svg/225px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors-Or_shield_variant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors-Or_shield_variant.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors-Or_shield_variant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="1123" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ornamented_Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ornamented_Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg/250px-Ornamented_Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ornamented_Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg/375px-Ornamented_Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ornamented_Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg/500px-Ornamented_Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1356" data-file-height="1048" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Middle Coat of arms as Holy Roman Emperor<br /><small>(1792–1804)</small> </td> <td>Greater Coat of arms as Holy Roman Emperor<br /><small>(1792–1804)</small> </td> <td>Greater Coat of arms (Shield variant)<br /><small>(1792–1804)</small> </td> <td>Greater Coat of arms (Shield variant with supporters)<br /><small>(1792–1804)</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor_(1804-1806).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%281804-1806%29.svg/185px-Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%281804-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="185" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%281804-1806%29.svg/278px-Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%281804-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%281804-1806%29.svg/370px-Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%281804-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="971" data-file-height="1274" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor_(1804-1806).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Grand_Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%281804-1806%29.svg/250px-Grand_Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%281804-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Grand_Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%281804-1806%29.svg/375px-Grand_Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%281804-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Grand_Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%281804-1806%29.svg/500px-Grand_Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%281804-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="726" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria_(1815).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria_%281815%29.svg/185px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria_%281815%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="185" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria_%281815%29.svg/278px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria_%281815%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria_%281815%29.svg/370px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria_%281815%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="631" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria.svg/185px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="185" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria.svg/278px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria.svg/370px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="631" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Middle Coat of arms as Holy Roman Emperor<br /> and Emperor of Austria<br /><small>(1804–1806)</small> </td> <td>Greater Coat of arms as Holy Roman Emperor<br /> and Emperor of Austria<br /><small>(1804–1806)</small> </td> <td>Lesser Coat of arms as Emperor of Austria<br /><small>(1815–1835)</small> </td> <td>Middle Coat of arms as Emperor of Austria<br /><small>(1815–1835)</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestors">Ancestors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ancestors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="60" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="29"> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">16. <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Charles V, Duke of Lorraine">Charles V, Duke of Lorraine</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Leopold,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Leopold, Duke of Lorraine">Leopold, Duke of Lorraine</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">17. <a href="/wiki/Eleonore_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Poland" title="Eleonore of Austria, Queen of Poland">Eleonore of Austria</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">18. <a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philip I, Duke of Orléans</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Charlotte_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans">Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">19. <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte,_Madame_Palatine" title="Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine">Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="31" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="30" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">20. <a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">21. <a href="/wiki/Eleonore_Magdalene_of_Neuburg" title="Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg">Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa of Austria</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">22. <a href="/wiki/Louis_Rudolph,_Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Christine_of_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick">Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">23. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Christine_Louise_of_Oettingen-Oettingen" title="Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen">Christine Louise of Oettingen</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="15"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="60" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="31" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="30" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">24. <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(son_of_Louis_XIV)" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (son of Louis XIV)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V of Spain</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">25. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_Victoria_of_Bavaria" title="Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria">Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III of Spain</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">26. <a href="/wiki/Odoardo_Farnese,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Parma" title="Odoardo Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma">Odoardo Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Farnese" title="Elisabeth Farnese">Elisabeth Farnese</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">27. <a href="/wiki/Countess_Palatine_Dorothea_Sophie_of_Neuburg" title="Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg">Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Louisa_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Louisa of Spain">Maria Louisa of Spain</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="29"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">28. <a href="/wiki/Augustus_II_the_Strong" title="Augustus II the Strong">Augustus II of Poland</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Augustus_III_of_Poland" title="Augustus III of Poland">Augustus III of Poland</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">29. <a href="/wiki/Christiane_Eberhardine_of_Brandenburg-Bayreuth" title="Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth">Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Amalia_of_Saxony" title="Maria Amalia of Saxony">Maria Amalia of Saxony</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">30. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Josepha_of_Austria" title="Maria Josepha of Austria">Maria Josepha of Austria</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">31. <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmine_Amalie_of_Brunswick" title="Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick">Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_the_German_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Family tree of the German monarchs">Family tree of the German monarchs</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Later he was dubbed the first <i>Doppelkaiser</i> (double emperor) in history.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosse1909–1913256_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosse1909–1913256-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) For the two years between 1804 and 1806, Francis used the title and style <i>by the Grace of God elected Roman Emperor, ever Augustus, hereditary Emperor of Austria</i> and he was called the <i>Emperor of both the Holy Roman Empire and Austria</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheatcroft1996">Wheatcroft 1996</a>, p. 233</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wheatcroft234-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wheatcroft234_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wheatcroft234_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheatcroft1996">Wheatcroft 1996</a>, p. 234</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheatcroft1996">Wheatcroft 1996</a>, p. 235</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheatcroft1996">Wheatcroft 1996</a>, p. 236</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMalleson1884" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Bruce_Malleson" title="George Bruce Malleson">Malleson, George Bruce</a> (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/loudonasketchmi00mallgoog"><i>Loudon: A Sketch of the Military Life of Gideon Ernest, Freiherr von Loudon</i></a>. London: Chapman & Hall. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/loudonasketchmi00mallgoog/page/n252">229</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Loudon%3A+A+Sketch+of+the+Military+Life+of+Gideon+Ernest%2C+Freiherr+von+Loudon&rft.place=London&rft.pages=229&rft.pub=Chapman+%26+Hall&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Malleson&rft.aufirst=George+Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Floudonasketchmi00mallgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheatcroft1996">Wheatcroft 1996</a>, p. 238</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser2002492-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser2002492_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFraser2002">Fraser 2002</a>, p. 492.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhaley2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Whaley" title="Joachim Whaley">Whaley, Joachim</a> (2012). <i>Germany and the Holy Roman Empire</i>. Vol. II: The Peace of Westphalia to the Dissolution of the Reich, 1648–1806. Oxford University Press. p. 632. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1996-9307-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1996-9307-8"><bdi>978-0-1996-9307-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/772967090">772967090</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25339319M">25339319M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+and+the+Holy+Roman+Empire&rft.pages=632&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F772967090&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL25339319M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-1996-9307-8&rft.aulast=Whaley&rft.aufirst=Joachim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosse1909–1913256-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosse1909–1913256_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPosse1909–1913">Posse 1909–1913</a>, pp. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhaley2012643-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhaley2012643_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhaley2012">Whaley 2012</a>, p. 643.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGagliardo1980" class="citation book cs1">Gagliardo, John G. (1980). <i>Reich and Nation. The Holy Roman Empire as Idea and Reality, 1763–1806</i>. Indiana University Press. pp. 279–280. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-2531-6773-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-2531-6773-6"><bdi>978-0-2531-6773-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL4401178M">4401178M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reich+and+Nation.+The+Holy+Roman+Empire+as+Idea+and+Reality%2C+1763%E2%80%931806&rft.pages=279-280&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL4401178M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-2531-6773-6&rft.aulast=Gagliardo&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhaley2012643–644-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhaley2012643–644_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhaley2012">Whaley 2012</a>, p. 643–644.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGagliardo1980281-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGagliardo1980281_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGagliardo1980">Gagliardo 1980</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996249-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996249_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheatcroft1996">Wheatcroft 1996</a>, p. 249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996250-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996250_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheatcroft1996">Wheatcroft 1996</a>, p. 250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996239-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996239_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheatcroft1996">Wheatcroft 1996</a>, p. 239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996240-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996240_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996240_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheatcroft1996">Wheatcroft 1996</a>, p. 240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996234-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996234_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheatcroft1996">Wheatcroft 1996</a>, p. 234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996248-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996248_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheatcroft1996">Wheatcroft 1996</a>, p. 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996241-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996241_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheatcroft1996">Wheatcroft 1996</a>, p. 241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERothenburg19766-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERothenburg19766_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRothenburg1976">Rothenburg 1976</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERothenburg197610-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERothenburg197610_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRothenburg1976">Rothenburg 1976</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996245-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996245_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheatcroft1996">Wheatcroft 1996</a>, p. 245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996246-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996246_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheatcroft1996">Wheatcroft 1996</a>, p. 246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbins_LandonWynne_Jones1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._C._Robbins_Landon" title="H. C. Robbins Landon">Robbins Landon, H. C.</a>; Wynne Jones, David (1988). <i>Haydn: His Life and Music</i>. 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Berling. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_-BAZAAAAYAAJ/page/n167/mode/2up">138</a>–139.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+Elephanten-Orden+und+seine+Ritter&rft.pages=138-139&rft.pub=Berling&rft.date=1846&rft.au=J+.....+-H+.....+-Fr+.....+Berlien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_-BAZAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeulet1863" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Teulet, Alexandre (1863). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k122126/f373.item.zoom">"Liste chronologique des chevaliers de l'ordre du Saint-Esprit depuis son origine jusqu'à son extinction (1578–1830)"</a> [Chronological list of knights of the Order of the Holy Spirit from its origin to its extinction (1578–1830)]. <i>Annuaire-bulletin de la Société de l'histoire de France</i> (in French) (2): 113<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lus%C3%ADada+Hist%C3%B3ria&rft.atitle=A+Evolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o+da+Banda+das+Tr%C3%AAs+Ordens+Militares+%281789%E2%80%931826%29&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=280&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=0873-1330&rft.aulast=Bragan%C3%A7a&rft.aufirst=Jose+Vicente+de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frevistas.lis.ulusiada.pt%2Findex.php%2Flh%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F1560%2F1673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngelo_Scordo" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Angelo Scordo, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190749/http://www.socistara.it/studi/Real%20Ordine%20di%20San%20Gennaro.pdf"><i>Vicende e personaggi dell'Insigne e reale Ordine di San Gennaro dalla sua fondazione alla fine del Regno delle Due Sicilie</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Italian), p. 8, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socistara.it/studi/Real%20Ordine%20di%20San%20Gennaro.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vicende+e+personaggi+dell%27Insigne+e+reale+Ordine+di+San+Gennaro+dalla+sua+fondazione+alla+fine+del+Regno+delle+Due+Sicilie&rft.pages=8&rft.au=Angelo+Scordo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.socistara.it%2Fstudi%2FReal%2520Ordine%2520di%2520San%2520Gennaro.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cibrario1869-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cibrario1869_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuigi_Cibrario1869" class="citation book cs1">Luigi Cibrario (1869). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2aP6enNFoYC&pg=PA103"><i>Notizia storica del nobilissimo ordine supremo della santissima Annunziata. Sunto degli statuti, catalogo dei cavalieri</i></a>. Eredi Botta. p. 103.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notizia+storica+del+nobilissimo+ordine+supremo+della+santissima+Annunziata.+Sunto+degli+statuti%2C+catalogo+dei+cavalieri&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Eredi+Botta&rft.date=1869&rft.au=Luigi+Cibrario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ2aP6enNFoYC%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden</i> (1834), "Großherzogliche Orden" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1866769">pp. 32</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1866787">50</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA109"><i>Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans</i></a> [<i>Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living</i>] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 109.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genealogie+ascendante+jusqu%27au+quatrieme+degre+inclusivement+de+tous+les+Rois+et+Princes+de+maisons+souveraines+de+l%27Europe+actuellement+vivans&rft.place=Bourdeaux&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Frederic+Guillaume+Birnstiel&rft.date=1768&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAINPAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraser2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Fraser" title="Antonia Fraser">Fraser, Antonia</a> (2002). <i><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette:_The_Journey" title="Marie Antoinette: The Journey">Marie Antoinette: The Journey</a></i>. London: Phoenix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7538-1305-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7538-1305-X"><bdi>0-7538-1305-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marie+Antoinette%3A+The+Journey&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phoenix&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7538-1305-X&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Antonia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPosse1909–1913" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Posse, Otto, ed. (1909–1913). "<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:Die_Siegel_der_deutschen_Kaiser_und_K%C3%B6nige_Band_5/Beilagen#Beilage_3" class="extiw" title="de:s:Die Siegel der deutschen Kaiser und Könige Band 5/Beilagen">Bey der Niederlegung der kaiserlichen Reichs-Regierung.</a> Dekret vom 6. August 1806". <i>Die Siegel der deutschen Kaiser und Könige von 751 bis 1806</i> (in German). Band 5, Beilage 3. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/42197429">42197429</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bey+der+Niederlegung+der+kaiserlichen+Reichs-Regierung.+Dekret+vom+6.+August+1806&rft.btitle=Die+Siegel+der+deutschen+Kaiser+und+K%C3%B6nige+von+751+bis+1806&rft.pages=Band+5%2C+Beilage+3&rft.date=1909%2F1913&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F42197429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothenburg1976" class="citation book cs1">Rothenburg, Gunther E. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/armyoffrancisjos00gunt"><i>The Army of Francis Joseph</i></a>. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0911198415" title="Special:BookSources/0911198415"><bdi>0911198415</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Army+of+Francis+Joseph&rft.place=West+Lafayette%2C+Ind.&rft.pub=Purdue+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0911198415&rft.aulast=Rothenburg&rft.aufirst=Gunther+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farmyoffrancisjos00gunt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheatcroft1996" class="citation book cs1">Wheatcroft, Andrew (1996). <i>The Habsburgs: Embodying Empire</i>. London: Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-023634-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-023634-1"><bdi>0-14-023634-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Habsburgs%3A+Embodying+Empire&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-14-023634-1&rft.aulast=Wheatcroft&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReich1905" class="citation book cs1">Reich, Emil (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GOEMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA622">"Abidcation of Francis the Second"</a>. <i>Select Documents Illustrating Mediæval and Modern History</i>. Londong: P.S. King & Son. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4426595">4426595</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abidcation+of+Francis+the+Second&rft.btitle=Select+Documents+Illustrating+Medi%C3%A6val+and+Modern+History&rft.place=Londong&rft.pub=P.S.+King+%26+Son&rft.date=1905&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4426595&rft.aulast=Reich&rft.aufirst=Emil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGOEMAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReifenscheid2006" class="citation book cs1">Reifenscheid, Richard (2006). <i>Die Habsburger in Lebensbildern</i>. Munich: Piper. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3492247539" title="Special:BookSources/3492247539"><bdi>3492247539</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Habsburger+in+Lebensbildern&rft.place=Munich&rft.pub=Piper&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=3492247539&rft.aulast=Reifenscheid&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newberry.org/collections/FindingAids/spencernapoleonica/SpencerNapoleonica.html">Spencer Napoleonica Collection</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121205060758/http://www.newberry.org/collections/FindingAids/spencernapoleonica/SpencerNapoleonica.html">Archived</a> 5 December 2012 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> at <a href="/wiki/Newberry_Library" title="Newberry Library">Newberry Library</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regnal_titles">Regnal titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Regnal titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine" title="House of Habsburg-Lorraine">House of Habsburg-Lorraine</a></b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lorraine" title="House of Lorraine">House of Lorraine</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 12 February 1768</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 2 March 1835</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="4">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">King in Germany</a> </b><br />1792–1806 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire">Dissolution</a> </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Brabant" title="Duke of Brabant">Duke of Brabant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Limburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Limburg">Limburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>;<br /><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Flanders" title="Count of Flanders">Count of Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Hainaut" title="Count of Hainaut">Hainaut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Namur" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Namur">Namur</a> </b><br />1792–1793 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a> </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Milan">Duke of Milan</a> </b><br />1792–1796 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" title="King of Hungary">King of Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Bohemia">Bohemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria">Galicia and Lodomeria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/King_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Croatia">Croatia</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Archduke_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke of Austria">Archduke of Austria</a> </b><br />1792–1835 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="3">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I & V</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Austria" title="Emperor of Austria">Emperor of Austria</a> </b><br />1804–1835 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Lombardy-Venetia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Lombardy-Venetia">King of Lombardy-Venetia</a> </b><br />1815–1835 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_German_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the German Confederation">Head of the <i>Präsidialmacht</i> Austria</a> </b><br />1815–1835 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I of Austria</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Louis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_III_of_Spoleto" title="Guy III of Spoleto">Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_of_Italy" title="Lambert of Italy">Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Blind" title="Louis the Blind">Louis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengar_I_of_Italy" title="Berengar I of Italy">Berengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francis II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Holy_Roman_Emperors" title="Category:Holy Roman Emperors">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Bohemia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Bohemia" title="Template:Monarchs of Bohemia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Bohemia" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Bohemia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Bohemia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Bohemia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Bohemia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bohemian_monarchs" title="List of Bohemian monarchs">Monarchs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Bohemia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid_dynasty" title="Přemyslid dynasty">Přemyslid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">Legendary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lech,_Czech,_and_Rus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Lech, Czech, and Rus'">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Krok" title="Duke Krok">Krok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libu%C5%A1e" title="Libuše">Libuše</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emysl_the_Ploughman" title="Přemysl the Ploughman">Přemysl the Ploughman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valasca" title="Valasca">Valasca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nezamysl" title="Nezamysl">Nezamysl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnata" title="Mnata">Mnata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojen" title="Vojen">Vojen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vnislav" title="Vnislav">Vnislav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%99esomysl" title="Křesomysl">Křesomysl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neklan" title="Neklan">Neklan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostiv%C3%ADt" title="Hostivít">Hostivít</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 870–1198 (Dukes)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%99ivoj_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Bořivoj I, Duke of Bohemia">Bořivoj I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spytihn%C4%9Bv_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Spytihněv I, Duke of Bohemia">Spytihněv I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vratislaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vratislaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Vratislaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Saint Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boleslaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Boleslaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Boleslaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boleslaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia">Boleslaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boleslaus_III,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia">Boleslaus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladivoj,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vladivoj, Duke of Bohemia">Vladivoj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_I_the_Brave" title="Bolesław I the Brave">Boleslaus the Brave</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarom%C3%ADr,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Jaromír, Duke of Bohemia">Jaromír</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old%C5%99ich,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Oldřich, Duke of Bohemia">Oldřich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretislav_I" title="Bretislav I">Bretislaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spytihn%C4%9Bv_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Spytihněv II, Duke of Bohemia">Spytihněv II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vratislaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vratislaus II, Duke of Bohemia">Vratislaus II</a> (I)<sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Conrad I, Duke of Bohemia">Conrad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretislav_II" title="Bretislav II">Bretislaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%99ivoj_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Bořivoj II, Duke of Bohemia">Bořivoj II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svatopluk,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Svatopluk, Duke of Bohemia">Svatopluk the Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vladislaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Vladislaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sob%C4%9Bslav_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Soběslav I, Duke of Bohemia">Sobeslaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladislaus II, Duke of Bohemia">Vladislaus II</a> (I)<sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Frederick, Duke of Bohemia">Frederick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sob%C4%9Bslav_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Soběslav II, Duke of Bohemia">Sobeslaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Frederick, Duke of Bohemia">Frederick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia">Conrad II Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus II, Duke of Bohemia">Wenceslaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottokar_I_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar I of Bohemia">Ottokar I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretislaus_III,_Duke_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretislaus III, Duke of Bohemia">Henry Bretislaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_III,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia">Vladislaus III Henry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1198–1306 (Kings)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottokar_I_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar I of Bohemia">Ottokar I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus I of Bohemia">Wenceslaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar II of Bohemia">Ottokar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_II_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus II of Bohemia">Wenceslaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_III_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus III of Bohemia">Wenceslaus III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png/100px-Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png/150px-Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png/200px-Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="526" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1306–1310" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1306–1310</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Bohemia" title="Henry of Bohemia">Henry the Carinthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Bohemia" title="Rudolf I of Bohemia">Rudolph I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1310–1437" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1310–1437</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Bohemia" title="John of Bohemia">John the Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a> (I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1437–1457" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1437–1457</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#999">Interregnum</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_the_Posthumous" title="Ladislaus the Posthumous">Ladislaus the Posthumous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1457–1471" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1457–1471</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_of_Pod%C4%9Bbrady" title="George of Poděbrady">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus" title="Matthias Corvinus">Matthias I</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="Jagiellonian dynasty">Jagiellonian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1471–1526" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1471–1526</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_II_of_Hungary" title="Vladislaus II of Hungary">Vladislaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Hungary" title="Louis II of Hungary">Louis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1526–1780" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1526–1780</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_V,_Elector_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick V, Elector Palatine">Frederick</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles Albert</a> (II)<sup><small>3,</small></sup> <sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lorraine" title="House of Lorraine">Habsburg-Lorraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1780–1918" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1780–1918</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francis II</a> (I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Francis Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" title="Charles I of Austria">Charles I</a> (III)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs" title="List of Polish monarchs">Duke of Poland</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Piast_dynasty" title="Piast dynasty">Piast dynasty</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>2</small></sup></span> During his reign obtained non-hereditary royal title</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>3</small></sup></span> Antiking</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>4</small></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Electoral_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of the Electoral Palatinate">Elector Palatine</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Wittelsbach_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittelsbach dynasty">Wittelsbach dynasty</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>5</small></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">Prince-elector</a> of <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Bavaria" title="Electorate of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> from the Wittelsbach dynasty</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Hungary" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hungarian_kings" title="Template:Hungarian kings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hungarian_kings" title="Template talk:Hungarian kings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hungarian_kings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hungarian kings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Hungary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hungarian_monarchs" title="List of Hungarian monarchs">Monarchs of Hungary</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Hungary_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Hungary family tree">Family tree</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_dynasty" title="Árpád dynasty">House of Árpád</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-size:80%; font-weight:normal;">Grand Princes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lmos" title="Álmos">Álmos</a> (<i>c</i>. 850–<i>c</i>. 895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d" title="Árpád">Árpád</a> (<i>c</i>. 895–<i>c</i>. 907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_of_Hungary" title="Zoltán of Hungary">Zoltán</a></i> (<i>c</i>. 907–<i>c</i>. 947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fajsz" title="Fajsz">Fajsz</a> (<i>c</i>. 947–<i>c</i>. 955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksony_of_Hungary" title="Taksony of Hungary">Taksony</a> (<i>c</i>. 955–<i>c</i>. 972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za,_Grand_Prince_of_the_Hungarians" title="Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians">Géza</a> (<i>c</i>. 972–997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Hungary" title="Stephen I of Hungary">Stephen</a> (997–1000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-size:80%; font-weight:normal;">Kings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Hungary" title="Stephen I of Hungary">Stephen I</a> (1000–1038)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter,_King_of_Hungary" title="Peter, King of Hungary">Peter</a> (1038–1041; 1044–1046)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Aba" title="Samuel Aba">Samuel</a> (1041–1044)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_I_of_Hungary" title="Andrew I of Hungary">Andrew I</a> (1046–1060)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_I_of_Hungary" title="Béla I of Hungary">Béla I</a> (1060–1063)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon,_King_of_Hungary" title="Solomon, King of Hungary">Solomon</a> (1063–1074)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_I_of_Hungary" title="Géza I of Hungary">Géza I</a> (1074–1077)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_I_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus I of Hungary">Ladislaus I</a> (1077–1095)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloman,_King_of_Hungary" title="Coloman, King of Hungary">Coloman</a> (1095–1116)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_II_of_Hungary" title="Stephen II of Hungary">Stephen II</a> (1116–1131)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_II_of_Hungary" title="Béla II of Hungary">Béla II</a> (1131–1141)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_II_of_Hungary" title="Géza II of Hungary">Géza II</a> (1141–1162)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_III_of_Hungary" title="Stephen III of Hungary">Stephen III</a> (1162–1172) <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_II_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus II of Hungary">Ladislaus II</a> (1162–1163)</small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Stephen_IV_of_Hungary" title="Stephen IV of Hungary">Stephen IV</a> (1163–1165)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_III_of_Hungary" title="Béla III of Hungary">Béla III</a> (1172–1196)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeric,_King_of_Hungary" title="Emeric, King of Hungary">Emeric</a> (1196–1204)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_III_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus III of Hungary">Ladislaus III</a> (1204–1205)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_II_of_Hungary" title="Andrew II of Hungary">Andrew II</a> (1205–1235)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_IV_of_Hungary" title="Béla IV of Hungary">Béla IV</a> (1235–1270)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_V_of_Hungary" title="Stephen V of Hungary">Stephen V</a> (1270–1272)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_IV_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus IV of Hungary">Ladislaus IV</a> (1272–1290)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_III_of_Hungary" title="Andrew III of Hungary">Andrew III</a> (1290–1301)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Hungary_Country_History_(14th_century).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the King of Hungary (14th century)"><img alt="Coat of arms of the King of Hungary (14th century)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg/80px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg/120px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg/160px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid_dynasty" title="Přemyslid dynasty">House of Přemysl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_III_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus III of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a> (1301–1305)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">House of Wittelsbach</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Otto III, Duke of Bavaria">Otto</a> (1305–1307)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Capetian House of Anjou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Hungary" title="Charles I of Hungary">Charles I</a> (1308–1342)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Hungary" title="Louis I of Hungary">Louis I</a> (1342–1382)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Hungary" title="Mary, Queen of Hungary">Maria</a> (1382–1385; 1386–1395)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Naples" title="Charles III of Naples">Charles II</a> (1385–1386)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Luxembourg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a> (1387–1437)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert</a> (1437–1439)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_the_Posthumous" title="Ladislaus the Posthumous">Ladislaus V</a> (1440–1457)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="Jagiellonian dynasty">House of Jagiellon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Poland" title="Władysław III of Poland">Vladislaus I</a> (1440–1444)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunyadi_family" title="Hunyadi family">House of Hunyadi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus" title="Matthias Corvinus">Matthias I</a> (1458–1490)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="Jagiellonian dynasty">House of Jagiellon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_II_of_Hungary" title="Vladislaus II of Hungary">Vladislaus II</a> (1490–1516)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Hungary" title="Louis II of Hungary">Louis II</a> (1516–1526)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1polya_family" title="Zápolya family">House of Zápolya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Z%C3%A1polya" title="John Zápolya">John</a> (1526–1540)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sigismund_Z%C3%A1polya" title="John Sigismund Zápolya">John Sigismund</a> (1540–1570)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a> (1526–1564)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian</a> (1564–1576)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolph</a> (1576–1608)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias II</a> (1608–1619)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a> (1619–1637)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a> (1637–1657) <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans">Ferdinand IV</a> (1647–1654)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a> (1657–1705)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a> (1705–1711)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles III</a> (1711–1740)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> (1740–1780)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine" title="House of Habsburg-Lorraine">House of Habsburg-Lorraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a> (1780–1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a> (1790–1792)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francis</a> (1792–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand V</a> (1835–1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Francis Joseph</a> (1848–1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" title="Charles I of Austria">Charles IV</a> (1916–1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Debatable or disputed rulers are in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Template:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">Monarchs of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> during the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a> (843–911)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Younger" title="Louis the Younger">Louis the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Child" title="Louis the Child">Louis the Child</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> (911–919)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a> (919–962)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I_of_Germany" title="Conrad I of Germany">Conrad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler" title="Henry the Fowler">Henry I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arnulf,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria">Arnulf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a> within the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (962–1806)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_of_Rheinfelden" title="Rudolf of Rheinfelden">Rudolf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hermann_of_Salm" title="Hermann of Salm">Hermann</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair II/III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Berengar" title="Henry Berengar">Henry (VI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry (VII)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_IV_of_Germany" title="Conrad IV of Germany">Conrad IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_Raspe" title="Henry Raspe">Henry (VIII)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Holland" title="William II of Holland">William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Cornwall" title="Richard of Cornwall">Richard</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">Rudolf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Adolf, King of the Romans">Adolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Germany" title="Albert I of Germany">Albert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Fair" title="Frederick the Fair">Frederick (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_von_Schwarzburg" title="Günther von Schwarzburg">Günther</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Rupert, King of the Romans">Rupert</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jobst_of_Moravia" title="Jobst of Moravia">Jobst</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans">Ferdinand IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francis II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a> (1806–1813)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (1815–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire_(1848%E2%80%931849)" title="German Empire (1848–1849)">German Empire</a> (1848/1849)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">Archduke John of Austria</a> <small>(Imperial Regent)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (1850–1866)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a> (1867–1871)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> (1871–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II" title="Wilhelm II">William II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Croatia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Croatian_kings" title="Template:Croatian kings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Croatian_kings" title="Template talk:Croatian kings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Croatian_kings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Croatian kings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Croatia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchs_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchs of Croatia">Monarchs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Trpimirovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Trpimirović">House of Trpimirović</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomislav of Croatia">Tomislav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trpimir_II_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Trpimir II of Croatia">Trpimir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kre%C5%A1imir_I_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Krešimir I of Croatia">Krešimir I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miroslav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Miroslav of Croatia">Miroslav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kre%C5%A1imir_II_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Krešimir II of Croatia">Michael Krešimir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dr%C5%BEislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Držislav of Croatia">Stephen Držislav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetoslav_Suronja" title="Svetoslav Suronja">Svetoslav Suronja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kre%C5%A1imir_III_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Krešimir III of Croatia">Krešimir III</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gojslav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gojslav of Croatia">Gojslav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Croatia" title="Stephen I of Croatia">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kre%C5%A1imir_IV_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia">Peter Krešimir IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_Zvonimir_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia">Demetrius Zvonimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_II_of_Croatia" title="Stephen II of Croatia">Stephen II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_%C3%81rp%C3%A1d" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Árpád">House of Árpád</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_I_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus I of Hungary">Ladislaus I</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Prince_%C3%81lmos" title="Prince Álmos">Álmos</a> as duke)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sna%C4%8Di%C4%87_family" title="Snačić family">House of Snačić</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petar_Sna%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Petar Snačić">Petar Snačić</a> (pretender)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_personal_union_with_Hungary" title="Croatia in personal union with Hungary">Croatia in personal<br /> union with Hungary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Croatia#Hungarian_Kings_of_Croatia_(1102–1527)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Croatia">Rulers of Croatia after 1102</a> (1102–1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Aosta" title="Duke of Aosta">House of Savoy-Aosta</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Aimone,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta">Tomislav II</a> (king designate)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Austria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Austria" title="Template:Monarchs of Austria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Austria" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Austria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Austria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Austria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Austria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Austria">Monarchs of Austria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Babenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Babenberg">House of Babenberg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Leopold I, Margrave of Austria">Leopold I the Illustrious</a> <small>(976–994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Henry I, Margrave of Austria">Henry I the Strong</a> <small>(994–1018)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalbert,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Adalbert, Margrave of Austria">Adalbert the Victorious</a> <small>(1018–1055)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Ernest, Margrave of Austria">Ernest the Brave</a> <small>(1055–1075)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Leopold II, Margrave of Austria">Leopold II the Fair</a> <small>(1075–1095)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Margrave of Austria">Leopold III the Good</a> <small>(1095–1136)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Leopold, Duke of Bavaria">Leopold the Generous</a> <small>(1137–1141)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Henry II, Duke of Austria">Henry II Jasomirgott</a> <small>(1141–1177)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Duke of Austria">Leopold V the Virtuous</a> <small>(1177–1194)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Duke_of_Austria_(Babenberg)" title="Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Babenberg)">Frederick I the Catholic</a> <small>(1195–1198)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_VI,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold VI, Duke of Austria">Leopold VI the Glorious</a> <small>(1198–1230)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Frederick II, Duke of Austria">Frederick II the Quarrelsome</a> <small>(1230–1246)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interregnum" title="Interregnum">Interregnum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_III_of_Moravia" title="Vladislaus III of Moravia">Vladislaus of Moravia</a> <small>(claimant 1246–1247)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_VI,_Margrave_of_Baden" title="Herman VI, Margrave of Baden">Herman VI of Baden</a> <small>(claimant 1248–1250)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Margrave_of_Baden" title="Frederick I, Margrave of Baden">Frederick I of Baden</a> <small>(claimant 1250–1268)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar II of Bohemia">Ottokar II of Bohemia</a> <small>(claimant 1251–1278)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a><br /><small>Austria</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">Rudolf I</a> <small>(1278–1282)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Germany" title="Albert I of Germany">Albert I</a> <small>(1282–1308)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf II, Duke of Austria">Rudolf II the Debonair</a> <small>(1282–1283)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Bohemia" title="Rudolf I of Bohemia">Rudolf III the Good</a> <small>(1298–1307)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Fair" title="Frederick the Fair">Frederick I the Fair</a> <small>(1308–1330)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold I, Duke of Austria">Leopold I the Glorious</a> <small>(1308–1326)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Albert II, Duke of Austria">Albert II the Wise</a> <small>(1330–1358)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Otto, Duke of Austria">Otto I the Merry</a> <small>(1330–1339)</small></li> <li>Frederick II <small>(1339–1344)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold II, Duke of Austria">Leopold II</a> <small>(1339–1344)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria">Rudolf IV the Founder</a> <small>(1358–1365)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Duke of Austria">Leopold III the Just</a> <small>(1365-1379)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Albert III, Duke of Austria">Albert III the Pigtail</a> <small>(1365-1395)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Albert IV, Duke of Austria">Albert IV the Patient</a> <small>(1395-1404)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert V</a> <small>(1404–1439)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_the_Posthumous" title="Ladislaus the Posthumous">Ladislaus I the Posthumous</a> <small>(1440–1457)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick V the Peaceful</a> <small>(1457–1493)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I the Last Knight</a> <small>(1493–1519)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a> <small>(1519–1521)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a> <small>(1521–1564)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a> <small>(1564–1576)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf V</a> <small>(1576–1608)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a> <small>(1608–1619)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert VII</a> <small>(1619)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a> <small>(1590, 1619–1637)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand IV</a> <small>(1637–1657)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Archduke of Austria">Leopold V</a> <small>(1623–1632)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Charles,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand Charles</a> <small>(1632–1662)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Francis,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria">Sigismund Francis</a> <small>(1662–1665)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold VI</a> <small>(1657, 1665–1705)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a> <small>(1705–1711)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles III</a> <small>(1711–1740)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> <small>(1740–1780)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I Stephen</a> <small>(1740–1765)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a> <small>(1765–1790)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold VII</a> <small>(1790–1792)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francis II</a> <small>(1792–1835)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I</a> <small>(1835–1848)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Francis Joseph I</a> <small>(1848–1916)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" title="Charles I of Austria">Charles I</a> <small>(1916–1918)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a><br /><small>Styria, Carinthia, Carniola</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Duke of Austria">Leopold III the Just</a> <small>(1365–1386)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Duke_of_Austria" title="William, Duke of Austria">William the Courteous</a> <small>(1386–1406)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold IV, Duke of Austria">Leopold IV the Fat</a> <small>(1386–1411)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Ernest, Duke of Austria">Ernest the Iron</a> <small>(1402–1424)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick V the Peaceful</a> <small>(1424–1493)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_VI,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VI, Archduke of Austria">Albert VI the Prodigal</a> <small>(1457–1463)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I the Last Knight</a> <small>(1493–1519)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a> <small>(1519–1521)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a> <small>(1521–1564)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Charles II, Archduke of Austria">Charles II</a> <small>(1564–1590)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a> <small>(1590–1637)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a><br /><small>Tyrol</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria">Rudolf IV the Founder</a> <small>(1363–1365)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Duke of Austria">Leopold III the Just</a> <small>(1365–1386)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Duke_of_Austria" title="William, Duke of Austria">William the Courteous</a> <small>(1386–1406)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Frederick IV, Duke of Austria">Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets</a> <small>(1406–1439)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund, Archduke of Austria">Sigismund the Rich</a> <small>(1439–1490)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I the Last Knight</a> <small>(1490–1519)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a> <small>(1519–1521)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a> <small>(1521–1564)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand II</a> <small>(1564–1595)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a> <small>(1595–1619)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert VII</a> <small>(1619)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a> <small>(1619–1623)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Archduke of Austria">Leopold V</a> <small>(1623–1632)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Charles,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand Charles</a> <small>(1632–1662)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Francis,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria">Sigismund Francis</a> <small>(1662–1665)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold VI</a> <small>(1665–1705)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Luxembourg" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Luxembourg" title="Template:Monarchs of Luxembourg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Luxembourg" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Luxembourg"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Luxembourg" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Luxembourg"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Luxembourg" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Luxembourg" title="List of monarchs of Luxembourg">Monarchs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="County_of_Luxemburg_(963–1354)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_of_Luxemburg" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Luxemburg">County of Luxemburg</a> (963–1354)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">Elder House of Luxembourg</a> <br />(963–1136)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sigfried,_Count_of_the_Ardennes" title="Sigfried, Count of the Ardennes">Siegfried</a> <small>(963–998)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry V, Duke of Bavaria">Henry I</a> <small>(998–1026)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry VII, Duke of Bavaria">Henry II</a> <small>(1026–1047)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giselbert_of_Luxembourg" title="Giselbert of Luxembourg">Giselbert</a> <small>(1047–1059)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="Conrad I, Count of Luxembourg">Conrad I</a> <small>(1059–1086)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="Henry III, Count of Luxembourg">Henry III</a> <small>(1086–1096)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="William, Count of Luxembourg">William I</a> <small>(1096–1131)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="Conrad II, Count of Luxembourg">Conrad II</a> <small>(1131–1136)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg/80px-Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg/120px-Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg/160px-Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="308" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Namur</a> <br />(1136–1189)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Count_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry IV, Count of Luxembourg">Henry IV</a> <small>(1136–1189)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenstaufen" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Hohenstaufen">House of Hohenstaufen</a> <br />(1196–1197)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Count_of_Burgundy" title="Otto I, Count of Burgundy">Otto</a> <small>(1196–1197)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Namur</a> <br />(1197–1247)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ermesinde,_Countess_of_Luxembourg" title="Ermesinde, Countess of Luxembourg">Ermesinde</a> <small>(1197–1247), <i>with</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_I,_Count_of_Bar" title="Theobald I, Count of Bar">Theobald</a> <small>(1197–1214), <i>and then</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waleran_III,_Duke_of_Limburg" title="Waleran III, Duke of Limburg">Waleran</a> <small>(1214–1226)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Limburg</a> <br />(1247–1354)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="Henry V, Count of Luxembourg">Henry V</a> <small>(1247–1281)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="Henry VI, Count of Luxembourg">Henry VI</a> <small>(1281–1288)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a> <small>(1288–1313)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Bohemia" title="John of Bohemia">John I</a> <small>(1313–1346)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a> <small>(1346–1353)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg">Wenceslaus I</a> <small>(1353–1354)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Duchy_of_Luxemburg_(1354–1794)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Luxemburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Luxemburg">Duchy of Luxemburg</a> (1354–1794)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Limburg</a> <br />(1354–1443)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg">Wenceslaus I</a> <small>(1354–1383)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus II</a> <small>(1383–1388)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobst_of_Moravia" title="Jobst of Moravia">Jobst</a> <small>(1388–1411)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_G%C3%B6rlitz" title="Elizabeth of Görlitz">Elisabeth</a> <small>(1411–1443) <i>with</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony,_Duke_of_Brabant" title="Anthony, Duke of Brabant">Anthony</a> <small>(1411–1415), <i>and then</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="John III, Duke of Bavaria">John II</a> <small>(1418–1425)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/80px-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/120px-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/160px-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="157" data-file-height="195" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois-Burgundy" title="House of Valois-Burgundy">House of Valois-Burgundy</a> <br />(1443–1482)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Good" title="Philip the Good">Philip I</a> <small>(1443–1467)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bold" title="Charles the Bold">Charles II</a> <small>(1467–1477)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Burgundy" title="Mary of Burgundy">Mary I</a> <small>(1477–1482)</small> and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a> <small>(1477–1482)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a><br /> (1482–1700)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Castile">Philip II</a> <small>(1482–1506)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles III</a> <small>(1506–1556)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip III</a> <small>(1556–1598)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Clara_Eugenia" title="Isabella Clara Eugenia">Isabella Clara Eugenia</a> <small>(1598–1621)</small> and <a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert</a> <small>(1598–1621)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV</a> <small>(1621–1665)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles IV</a> <small>(1665–1700)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> <br />(1700–1712)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a> <small>(1700–1712)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">House of Wittelsbach</a><br /> (1712–1713)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II_Emanuel,_Elector_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria">Maximilian II</a> <small>(1712–1713)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> <br />(1713–1780)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> <small>(1713–1740)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Mary II</a> <small>(1740–1780)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lorraine" title="House of Lorraine">House of Habsburg-Lorraine</a> <br />(1780–1794)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph</a> <small>(1780–1790)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold</a> <small>(1790–1792)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francis</a> <small>(1792–1794)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Grand_Duchy_of_Luxembourg_(since_1815)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Luxembourg">Grand Duchy of Luxembourg</a> (since 1815)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a><br /> (1815–1890)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William I</a> (1815–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">William II</a> (1840–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="William III of the Netherlands">William III</a> (1849–1890)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/100px-Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/150px-Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/200px-Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="337" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Nassau-Weilburg" title="House of Nassau-Weilburg">House of Nassau-Weilburg</a> <br />(1890–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Adolphe</a> (1890–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IV,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">William IV</a> (1905–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde,_Grand_Duchess_of_Luxembourg" title="Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg">Marie-Adélaïde</a> (1912–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_Grand_Duchess_of_Luxembourg" title="Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg">Charlotte</a> (1919–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Jean</a> (1964–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Henri</a> (since 2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Austrian_archdukes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Austrian_archdukes" title="Template:Austrian archdukes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Austrian_archdukes" title="Template talk:Austrian archdukes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian_archdukes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian archdukes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Austrian_archdukes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Archduke#Other_dynastic_Habsburg_use" title="Archduke">Austrian archdukes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Generations are numbered by male-line descent from the first archdukes. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished in 1919.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_VI,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VI, Archduke of Austria">Albert VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund, Archduke of Austria">Sigismund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Castile">Philip I of Castile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Charles II, Archduke of Austria">Charles II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Carlos, Prince of Asturias">Charles, Prince of Asturias</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias">Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Diego, Prince of Asturias">Diego, Prince of Asturias</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip III of Spain</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ernest_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ernest of Austria">Ernest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_III,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria">Maximilian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Wenceslaus_of_Austria" title="Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria">Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Maximilian_Ernest_of_Austria" title="Archduke Maximilian Ernest of Austria">Maximilian Ernest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Archduke of Austria">Leopold V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Austria,_Bishop_of_Wroclaw" title="Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw">Charles, Bishop of Wroclaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV of Spain</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos_of_Spain_(1607%E2%80%931632)" title="Infante Carlos of Spain (1607–1632)">Charles</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal-Infante_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria">Ferdinand</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alonso_of_Spain" title="Infante Alonso of Spain">Alonso</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Wilhelm_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria">Leopold Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Charles,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Francis,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria">Sigismund Francis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Charles,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias">Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Prospero,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias">Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles II of Spain</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans">Ferdinand IV of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles_Joseph_of_Austria" title="Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria">Charles Joseph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Joseph_of_Austria_(1682%E2%80%931684)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke Leopold Joseph of Austria (1682–1684)">Leopold Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles_Joseph_of_Austria_(born_1745)" title="Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria (born 1745)">Charles Joseph</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold VII</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Karl,_Archduke_of_Austria-Este" title="Ferdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este">Ferdinand</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Maximilian_Francis_of_Austria" title="Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria">Maximilian Franz, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne</a><sup>T</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emperor Francis I</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Charles</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Alexander_Leopold_of_Austria" title="Archduke Alexander Leopold of Austria">Alexander Leopold</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_of_Austria_(Palatine_of_Hungary)" title="Archduke Joseph of Austria (Palatine of Hungary)">Joseph</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Anton_Victor_of_Austria" title="Archduke Anton Victor of Austria">Anton Victor</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">John</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rainer_Joseph_of_Austria" title="Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria">Rainer Joseph</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Louis_of_Austria" title="Archduke Louis of Austria">Louis</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rudolf_of_Austria" title="Archduke Rudolf of Austria">Cardinal Rudolf</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_IV,_Duke_of_Modena" title="Francis IV, Duke of Modena">Francis IV, Duke of Modena</a><sup>M</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ferdinand_Karl_Joseph_of_Austria-Este" title="Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este">Ferdinand Karl Joseph</a><sup>M</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Maximilian_of_Austria-Este" title="Archduke Maximilian of Austria-Este">Maximilian</a><sup>M</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Ambrosius_of_Austria-Este" title="Archduke Karl Ambrosius of Austria-Este">Karl Ambrosius, Primate of Hungary</a><sup>M</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Emperor Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_Franz_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Franz of Austria">Joseph Franz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Karl_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Karl of Austria">Franz Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Albrecht,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen">Albrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria">Karl Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Friedrich_of_Austria_(1821%E2%80%931847)" title="Archduke Friedrich of Austria (1821–1847)">Frederick Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Wilhelm_Franz_of_Austria" title="Archduke Wilhelm Franz of Austria">Wilhelm Franz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Stephen_of_Austria_(Palatine_of_Hungary)" title="Archduke Stephen of Austria (Palatine of Hungary)">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_Karl_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria">Joseph Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Ludwig_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Ludwig of Austria">Leopold Ludwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ernest_of_Austria_(1824%E2%80%931899)" title="Archduke Ernest of Austria (1824–1899)">Ernest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Sigismund_of_Austria_(1826%E2%80%931891)" title="Archduke Sigismund of Austria (1826–1891)">Sigismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rainer_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria">Rainer Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Heinrich_Anton_of_Austria" title="Archduke Heinrich Anton of Austria">Heinrich Anton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_V,_Duke_of_Modena" title="Francis V, Duke of Modena">Francis V, Duke of Modena</a><sup>M</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ferdinand_Karl_Viktor_of_Austria-Este" title="Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor of Austria-Este">Ferdinand Karl Viktor</a><sup>M</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Emperor Franz Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_of_Mexico" title="Maximilian I of Mexico">Maximilian I of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Ludwig_of_Austria" title="Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria">Karl Ludwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ludwig_Viktor_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ludwig Viktor of Austria">Ludwig Viktor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria">Karl Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ludwig_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ludwig Salvator of Austria">Ludwig Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Johann_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Johann Salvator of Austria">John Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Friedrich,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen">Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles_Stephen_of_Austria" title="Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria">Charles Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Eugen_of_Austria" title="Archduke Eugen of Austria">Eugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_August_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph August of Austria">Joseph August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ladislaus_Philipp_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ladislaus Philipp of Austria">Archduke Ladislaus Philipp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf,_Crown_Prince_of_Austria" title="Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria">Crown Prince Rudolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Franz Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Otto_Franz_Joseph_of_Austria" title="Archduke Otto Franz Joseph of Austria">Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ferdinand_Karl_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria">Ferdinand Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Ferdinand of Austria">Leopold Ferdinand</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria">Josef Ferdinand</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Peter_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria">Peter Ferdinand</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria">Leopold Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria">Franz Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Albrecht_Franz,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Albrecht Franz, Duke of Teschen">Albrecht Franz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Albrecht_of_Austria" title="Archduke Karl Albrecht of Austria">Karl Albrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leo_Karl_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leo Karl of Austria">Leo Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Wilhelm_of_Austria" title="Archduke Wilhelm of Austria">Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_Francis_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria">Joseph Francis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" title="Charles I of Austria">Emperor Charles I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Maximilian_of_Austria_(1895%E2%80%931952)" title="Archduke Maximilian of Austria (1895–1952)">Maximilian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Habsburg<br />Tuscany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Gottfried_of_Austria" title="Archduke Gottfried of Austria">Gottfried</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rainer_of_Austria_(1895%E2%80%931930)" title="Archduke Rainer of Austria (1895–1930)">Rainer</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_of_Austria,_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Archduke Leopold of Austria, Prince of Tuscany">Leopold Maria</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Anton_of_Austria" title="Archduke Anton of Austria">Anton</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Josef_of_Austria,_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Archduke Franz Josef of Austria, Prince of Tuscany">Franz Joseph</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Pius_of_Austria,_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Archduke Karl Pius of Austria, Prince of Tuscany">Karl Pius</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Karl_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Karl Salvator of Austria">Franz Karl Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Hubert_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Hubert Salvator of Austria">Hubert Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palatines<br />of Hungary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Árpád of Austria">Joseph Árpád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_von_Habsburg" title="Géza von Habsburg">Géza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Descent of<br />Charles I</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Habsburg" title="Otto von Habsburg">Crown Prince Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert,_Archduke_of_Austria-Este" title="Robert, Archduke of Austria-Este">Robert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Felix_of_Austria" title="Archduke Felix of Austria">Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Carl_Ludwig_of_Austria_(1918%E2%80%932007)" title="Archduke Carl Ludwig of Austria (1918–2007)">Carl Ludwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rudolf_of_Austria_(1919%E2%80%932010)" title="Archduke Rudolf of Austria (1919–2010)">Rudolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tuscany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_von_Habsburg" title="Dominic von Habsburg">Dominic</a><sup>T</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palatines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Habsburg-Lothringen" title="Eduard Habsburg-Lothringen">Eduard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Habsburg" title="Karl von Habsburg">Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_von_Habsburg" title="Georg von Habsburg">Georg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Lorenz_of_Belgium" title="Prince Lorenz of Belgium">Lorenz</a><sup>B</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Felipe_de_Habsburgo" title="Carlos Felipe de Habsburgo">Karl Philipp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_von_Habsburg" title="Simeon von Habsburg">Simeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Habsburg_(racing_driver)" title="Ferdinand Habsburg (racing driver)">Ferdinand Zvonimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Amedeo_of_Belgium" title="Prince Amedeo of Belgium">Amedeo</a><sup>B</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>S: <i>also an infante of Spain</i></li> <li>P: <i>also an infante of Portugal</i></li> <li>T: <i>also a prince of Tuscany</i></li> <li>M: <i>also a prince of Modena</i></li> <li>B: <i>also a prince of Belgium</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tuscan_princes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tuscan_princes" title="Template:Tuscan princes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tuscan_princes" title="Template talk:Tuscan princes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tuscan_princes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tuscan princes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tuscan_princes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tuscan princes</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Generations are numbered from the children of <a href="/wiki/Francesco_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Francesco de' Medici</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Tuscany">Grand Duke of Tuscany</a>. Later generations are included but the grand duchy was abolished in 1860.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Francesco I, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_de%27_Medici_(cardinal)" title="Giovanni de' Medici (cardinal)">Cardinal Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garzia_de%27_Medici" title="Garzia de' Medici">Prince Garzia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinando I, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_de%27_Medici" title="Pietro de' Medici">Prince Pietro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosimo_II_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Cosimo II, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_de%27_Medici_(cardinal)" title="Carlo de' Medici (cardinal)">Cardinal Carlo, Bishop of Ostia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_de%27_Medici" title="Philip de' Medici">Prince Filippo "Filippino", Grand Prince of Tuscany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_II_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinando II, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_de%27_Medici" title="Giancarlo de' Medici">Cardinal Giovan Carlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattias_de%27_Medici" title="Mattias de' Medici">Mattias, Governor of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_de%27_Medici_(1614%E2%80%931634)" title="Francesco de' Medici (1614–1634)">Prince Francesco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_de%27_Medici" title="Leopoldo de' Medici">Leopoldo, Governor of Siena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosimo_III_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Cosimo III, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Maria_de%27_Medici,_Duke_of_Rovere_and_Montefeltro" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro">Francesco Maria, Duke of Rovere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany">Ferdinando, Grand Prince of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Gastone_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Gian Gastone, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles_Joseph_of_Austria_(born_1745)" title="Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria (born 1745)">Prince Charles Joseph</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Karl,_Archduke_of_Austria-Este" title="Ferdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este">Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Breisgau</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Maximilian_Francis_of_Austria" title="Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria">Maximilian Francis, Elector of Cologne</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Charles, Duke of Teschen</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Alexander_Leopold_of_Austria" title="Archduke Alexander Leopold of Austria">Alexander Leopold, Palatine of Hungary</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_of_Austria_(Palatine_of_Hungary)" title="Archduke Joseph of Austria (Palatine of Hungary)">Joseph, Palatine of Hungary</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Anton_Victor_of_Austria" title="Archduke Anton Victor of Austria">Prince Anton Victor</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">Prince John</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rainer_Joseph_of_Austria" title="Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria">Prince Rainier Joseph</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Louis_of_Austria" title="Archduke Louis of Austria">Prince Louis</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rudolf_of_Austria" title="Archduke Rudolf of Austria">Cardinal Rudolf</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria">Prince Karl Salvator</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ludwig_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ludwig Salvator of Austria">Prince Ludwig Salvator</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Johann_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Johann Salvator of Austria">Prince Johann Salvator</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Ferdinand of Austria">Prince Leopold Ferdinand</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria">Prince Joseph Ferdinand</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Peter_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria">Prince Peter Ferdinand</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria">Prince Leopold Salvator</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria">Prince Franz Salvator</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Gottfried_of_Austria" title="Archduke Gottfried of Austria">Prince Gottfried</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rainer_of_Austria_(1895%E2%80%931930)" title="Archduke Rainer of Austria (1895–1930)">Prince Rainer</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_of_Austria,_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Archduke Leopold of Austria, Prince of Tuscany">Prince Leopold Maria</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Josef_of_Austria,_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Archduke Franz Josef of Austria, Prince of Tuscany">Prince Franz Joseph</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Pius_of_Austria,_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Archduke Karl Pius of Austria, Prince of Tuscany">Prince Karl Pius</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Karl_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Karl Salvator of Austria">Prince Franz Karl Salvator</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Hubert_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Hubert Salvator of Austria">Prince Hubert Salvator</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_von_Habsburg" title="Dominic von Habsburg">Prince Dominic</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>* also an archduke of Austria</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Napoleonic_Wars" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Napoleonic_Wars" title="Template:Napoleonic Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Napoleonic_Wars" title="Template talk:Napoleonic Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Napoleonic_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Napoleonic Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Napoleonic_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Third_Coalition" title="War of the Third Coalition">Third Coalition</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">Fourth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">Fifth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French Invasion of Russia</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">Sixth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Seventh Coalition</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Belli-<br />gerents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">France,<br /><a href="/wiki/Sister_republic" title="Sister republic">client states</a><br />and allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Legions_(Napoleonic_period)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Legions (Napoleonic period)">Polish Legions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland" title="Kingdom of Holland">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Etruria" title="Kingdom of Etruria">Etruria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Napoleonic_era#Act_of_Mediation" title="Switzerland in the Napoleonic era">Swiss Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples#Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony#The_Napoleonic_Era_and_the_German_Confederation" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Westphalia" title="Kingdom of Westphalia">Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Denmark–Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_under_Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Spain under Joseph Bonaparte">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Coalition_forces_of_the_Napoleonic_Wars" title="Coalition forces of the Napoleonic Wars">Coalition<br />forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden#Swedish_Empire" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brunswick" title="Duchy of Brunswick">Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Hanover" title="Electorate of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Nassau#Duchy_of_Nassau" title="Duchy of Nassau">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">French Royalists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major<br />battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">First Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">Second Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_18_Brumaire" title="Coup of 18 Brumaire">18 Brumaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon%27s_planned_invasion_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom">Planned invasion of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Enghien" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien">Duc d'Enghien Execution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon" title="Coronation of Napoleon">Coronation of Napoleon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1805</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Diamond_Rock" title="Battle of Diamond Rock">Diamond Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Finisterre_(1805)" title="Battle of Cape Finisterre (1805)">Cape Finisterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wertingen" title="Battle of Wertingen">Wertingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_G%C3%BCnzburg" title="Battle of Günzburg">Günzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haslach-Jungingen" title="Battle of Haslach-Jungingen">Haslach-Jungingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elchingen" title="Battle of Elchingen">Elchingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulm" title="Battle of Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verona_(1805)" title="Battle of Verona (1805)">Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">Trafalgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caldiero_(1805)" title="Battle of Caldiero (1805)">Caldiero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Ortegal" title="Battle of Cape Ortegal">Cape Ortegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amstetten" title="Battle of Amstetten">Amstetten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_D%C3%BCrenstein" title="Battle of Dürenstein">Dürenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sch%C3%B6ngrabern" title="Battle of Schöngrabern">Schöngrabern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Austerlitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1806</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gaeta_(1806)" title="Siege of Gaeta (1806)">Gaeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Campo_Tenese" title="Battle of Campo Tenese">Campo Tenese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maida" title="Battle of Maida">Maida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Schleiz" title="Battle of Schleiz">Schleiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saalfeld" title="Battle of Saalfeld">Saalfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jena%E2%80%93Auerstedt" title="Battle of Jena–Auerstedt">Jena–Auerstedt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Erfurt" title="Capitulation of Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Halle" title="Battle of Halle">Halle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Magdeburg_(1806)" title="Siege of Magdeburg (1806)">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prenzlau" title="Battle of Prenzlau">Prenzlau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Pasewalk" title="Capitulation of Pasewalk">Pasewalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Stettin" title="Capitulation of Stettin">Stettin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waren-Nossentin" title="Battle of Waren-Nossentin">Waren-Nossentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%BCbeck" title="Battle of Lübeck">Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1806)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1806)">Greater Poland uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hamelin" title="Siege of Hamelin">Hamelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Czarnowo" title="Battle of Czarnowo">Czarnowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Golymin" title="Battle of Golymin">Golymin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pu%C5%82tusk_(1806)" title="Battle of Pułtusk (1806)">Pułtusk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1807</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mohrungen" title="Battle of Mohrungen">Mohrungen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Eylau" title="Battle of Eylau">Eylau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostro%C5%82%C4%99ka_(1807)" title="Battle of Ostrołęka (1807)">Ostrołęka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kolberg_(1807)" title="Siege of Kolberg (1807)">Kolberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Danzig_(1807)" title="Siege of Danzig (1807)">Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Sortie_of_Stralsund" title="Great Sortie of Stralsund">Stralsund I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mileto" title="Battle of Mileto">Mileto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guttstadt-Deppen" title="Battle of Guttstadt-Deppen">Guttstadt-Deppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Heilsberg" title="Battle of Heilsberg">Heilsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Friedland" title="Battle of Friedland">Friedland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Stralsund_(1807)" title="Siege of Stralsund (1807)">Stralsund II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Copenhagen_(1807)" title="Battle of Copenhagen (1807)">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Portugal_(1807)" title="Invasion of Portugal (1807)">Invasion of Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1808</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dos_de_Mayo_Uprising" title="Dos de Mayo Uprising">Dos de Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_El_Bruch" title="Battles of El Bruch">Bruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Rosily_Squadron" title="Capture of the Rosily Squadron">Rosily Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cabez%C3%B3n" title="Battle of Cabezón">Cabezón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zaragoza_(1808)" title="Siege of Zaragoza (1808)">1st Zaragoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valencia_(1808)" title="Battle of Valencia (1808)">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Medina_de_Rioseco" title="Battle of Medina de Rioseco">Medina de Rioseco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bail%C3%A9n" title="Battle of Bailén">Bailén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roli%C3%A7a" title="Battle of Roliça">Roliça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vimeiro" title="Battle of Vimeiro">Vimeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zornoza" title="Battle of Zornoza">Zornoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valmaseda" title="Battle of Valmaseda">Valmaseda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Burgos" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Burgos">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Espinosa_de_los_Monteros" title="Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros">Espinosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tudela" title="Battle of Tudela">Tudela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Somosierra" title="Battle of Somosierra">Somosierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zaragoza_(1809)" title="Siege of Zaragoza (1809)">2nd Zaragoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sahag%C3%BAn" title="Battle of Sahagún">Sahagún</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benavente" title="Battle of Benavente">Benavente</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1809</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castell%C3%B3n" title="Battle of Castellón">Castellón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ucl%C3%A9s_(1809)" title="Battle of Uclés (1809)">Uclés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corunna" title="Battle of Corunna">Corunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valls" title="Battle of Valls">Valls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrolean_Rebellion" title="Tyrolean Rebellion">Tyrolean Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villafranca_(1809)" title="Battle of Villafranca (1809)">Villafranca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Los_Y%C3%A9benes" title="Battle of Los Yébenes">Yevenes/Yébenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ciudad_Real" title="Battle of Ciudad Real">Ciudad Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Porto" title="First Battle of Porto">1st Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Medell%C3%ADn" title="Battle of Medellín">Medellín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Bergisel" title="Battles of Bergisel">Bergisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sacile" title="Battle of Sacile">Sacile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Teugen-Hausen" title="Battle of Teugen-Hausen">Teugen-Hausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raszyn_(1809)" title="Battle of Raszyn (1809)">Raszyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abensberg" title="Battle of Abensberg">Abensberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landshut_(1809)" title="Battle of Landshut (1809)">Landshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Eckm%C3%BChl" title="Battle of Eckmühl">Eckmühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ratisbon" title="Battle of Ratisbon">Ratisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neumarkt-Sankt_Veit" title="Battle of Neumarkt-Sankt Veit">Neumarkt-Sankt Veit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_Campaign_(1809)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalmatian Campaign (1809)">Dalmatian Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ebelsberg" title="Battle of Ebelsberg">Ebelsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_siege_of_Girona" title="Third siege of Girona">Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Piave_River_(1809)" title="Battle of Piave River (1809)">Piave River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grij%C3%B3" title="Battle of Grijó">Grijó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Porto" title="Second Battle of Porto">2nd Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_W%C3%B6rgl" title="Battle of Wörgl">Wörgl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarvis_(1809)" title="Battle of Tarvis (1809)">Tarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aspern-Essling" title="Battle of Aspern-Essling">Aspern-Essling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alca%C3%B1iz" title="Battle of Alcañiz">Alcañiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sankt_Michael" title="Battle of Sankt Michael">Sankt Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stralsund_(1809)" title="Battle of Stralsund (1809)">Stralsund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raab_(1809)" title="Battle of Raab (1809)">Raab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mar%C3%ADa" title="Battle of María">María</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Graz" title="Battle of Graz">Graz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wagram" title="Battle of Wagram">Wagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_Korneuburg" title="Combat of Korneuburg">Korneuburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_Stockerau" title="Combat of Stockerau">Stockerau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gefrees" title="Battle of Gefrees">Gefrees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hollabrunn_(1809)" title="Battle of Hollabrunn (1809)">Hollabrunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_Sch%C3%B6ngrabern" title="Combat of Schöngrabern">Schöngrabern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Znaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistice of Znaim">Armistice of Znaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talavera" title="Battle of Talavera">Talavera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walcheren_Campaign" title="Walcheren Campaign">Walcheren Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C3%96lper_(1809)" title="Battle of Ölper (1809)">Ölper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Almonacid" title="Battle of Almonacid">Almonacid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tamames" title="Battle of Tamames">Tamames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oca%C3%B1a" title="Battle of Ocaña">Ocaña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alba_de_Tormes" title="Battle of Alba de Tormes">Alba de Tormes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1810</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Siege of Cádiz">Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Astorga" title="Siege of Astorga">Astorga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ciudad_Rodrigo_(1810)" title="Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1810)">Ciudad Rodrigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_Barquilla_(1810)" title="Combat of Barquilla (1810)">Barquilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_the_C%C3%B4a" title="Combat of the Côa">Côa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Almeida_(1810)" title="Siege of Almeida (1810)">Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bussaco" title="Battle of Bussaco">Bussaco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1811</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gebora" title="Battle of the Gebora">Gebora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barrosa" title="Battle of Barrosa">Barrosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pombal" title="Battle of Pombal">Pombal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Redinha" title="Battle of Redinha">Redinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Casal_Novo" title="Battle of Casal Novo">Casal Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Campo_Maior" title="Battle of Campo Maior">Campo Maior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sabugal" title="Battle of Sabugal">Sabugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Almeida" title="Blockade of Almeida">Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fuentes_de_O%C3%B1oro" title="Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro">Fuentes de Oñoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tarragona_(1811)" title="Siege of Tarragona (1811)">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albuera" title="Battle of Albuera">Albuera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Usagre" title="Battle of Usagre">Usagre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saguntum" title="Battle of Saguntum">Saguntum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arroyo_dos_Molinos" title="Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos">Arroyo dos Molinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Valencia_(1812)" title="Siege of Valencia (1812)">Valencia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1812</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ciudad_Rodrigo_(1812)" title="Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812)">Ciudad Rodrigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Badajoz_(1812)" title="Siege of Badajoz (1812)">Badajoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villagarcia" title="Battle of Villagarcia">Villagarcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Almaraz" title="Battle of Almaraz">Almaraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maguilla" title="Battle of Maguilla">Maguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mir_(1812)" title="Battle of Mir (1812)">Mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ekau" title="Battle of Ekau">Ekau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamanca" title="Battle of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Garc%C3%ADa_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Battle of García Hernández">García Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saltanovka" title="Battle of Saltanovka">Saltanovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostrovno" title="Battle of Ostrovno">Ostrovno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vitebsk_(1812)" title="Battle of Vitebsk (1812)">Vitebsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kobrin" title="Battle of Kobrin">Kobryn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Klyastitsy" title="Battle of Klyastitsy">Klyastitsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Majadahonda" title="Battle of Majadahonda">Majadahonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gorodechno" title="Battle of Gorodechno">Gorodechno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Smolensk_(1812)" title="Battle of Smolensk (1812)">Smolensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Polotsk" title="First Battle of Polotsk">1st Polotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valutino" title="Battle of Valutino">Valutino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mesoten" title="Battle of Mesoten">Mesoten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borodino" title="Battle of Borodino">Borodino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_occupation_of_Moscow" title="French occupation of Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Burgos" title="Siege of Burgos">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarutino" title="Battle of Tarutino">Tarutino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Polotsk" title="Second Battle of Polotsk">2nd Polotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Venta_del_Pozo" title="Battle of Venta del Pozo">Venta del Pozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maloyaroslavets" title="Battle of Maloyaroslavets">Maloyaroslavets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chashniki" title="Battle of Chashniki">Chashniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vyazma" title="Battle of Vyazma">Vyazma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Smoliani" title="Battle of Smoliani">Smoliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnoi" title="Battle of Krasnoi">Krasnoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berezina" title="Battle of Berezina">Berezina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1813</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castalla" title="Battle of Castalla">Castalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%BCtzen_(1813)" title="Battle of Lützen (1813)">Lützen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bautzen_(1813)" title="Battle of Bautzen (1813)">Bautzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tarragona_(1813)" title="Siege of Tarragona (1813)">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Luckau" title="Battle of Luckau">Luckau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vitoria" title="Battle of Vitoria">Vitoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="Siege of San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pyrenees" title="Battle of the Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sorauren" title="Battle of Sorauren">Sorauren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gro%C3%9Fbeeren" title="Battle of Großbeeren">Großbeeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Katzbach" title="Battle of the Katzbach">Katzbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dresden" title="Battle of Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kulm" title="Battle of Kulm">1st Kulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Marcial" title="Battle of San Marcial">San Marcial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dennewitz" title="Battle of Dennewitz">Dennewitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kulm" title="Second Battle of Kulm">2nd Kulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_G%C3%B6hrde" title="Battle of the Göhrde">Göhrde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_Ro%C3%9Flau" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat of Roßlau">Roßlau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wartenburg" title="Battle of Wartenburg">Wartenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bidassoa" title="Battle of the Bidassoa">Bidassoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leipzig" title="Battle of Leipzig">Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hanau" title="Battle of Hanau">Hanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nivelle" title="Battle of Nivelle">Nivelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bornh%C3%B6ved_(1813)" title="Battle of Bornhöved (1813)">Bornhöved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sehested" title="Battle of Sehested">Sehested</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1814</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brienne" title="Battle of Brienne">Brienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Rothi%C3%A8re" title="Battle of La Rothière">La Rothière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mincio_River_(1814)" title="Battle of the Mincio River (1814)">Mincio River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Champaubert" title="Battle of Champaubert">Champaubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montmirail" title="Battle of Montmirail">Montmirail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ch%C3%A2teau-Thierry_(1814)" title="Battle of Château-Thierry (1814)">Château-Thierry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vauchamps" title="Battle of Vauchamps">Vauchamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Garris" title="Battle of Garris">Garris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mormant" title="Battle of Mormant">Mormant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montereau" title="Battle of Montereau">Montereau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orthez" title="Battle of Orthez">Orthez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bar-sur-Aube" title="Battle of Bar-sur-Aube">Bar-sur-Aube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Laon" title="Battle of Laon">Laon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Reims_(1814)" title="Battle of Reims (1814)">Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Craonne" title="Battle of Craonne">Craonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arcis-sur-Aube" title="Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube">Arcis-sur-Aube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_F%C3%A8re-Champenoise" title="Battle of Fère-Champenoise">Fère-Champenoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-Dizier" title="Battle of Saint-Dizier">Saint-Dizier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Battle of Paris (1814)">Montmartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Battle of Paris (1814)">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toulouse_(1814)" title="Battle of Toulouse (1814)">Toulouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bayonne" title="Battle of Bayonne">Bayonne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1815</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Panaro" title="Battle of the Panaro">Panaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Occhiobello" title="Battle of Occhiobello">Occhiobello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carpi_(1815)" title="Battle of Carpi (1815)">Carpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Casaglia" title="Battle of Casaglia">Casaglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ronco" title="Battle of Ronco">Ronco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cesenatico" title="Battle of Cesenatico">Cesenatico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pesaro" title="Battle of Pesaro">Pesaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Scapezzano" title="Battle of Scapezzano">Scapezzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tolentino" title="Battle of Tolentino">Tolentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ancona" title="Siege of Ancona">Ancona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castel_di_Sangro" title="Battle of Castel di Sangro">Castel di Sangro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Germano" title="Battle of San Germano">San Germano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gaeta_(1815)" title="Siege of Gaeta (1815)">Gaeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quatre_Bras" title="Battle of Quatre Bras">Quatre Bras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ligny" title="Battle of Ligny">Ligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Waterloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wavre" title="Battle of Wavre">Wavre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rocheserviere" title="Battle of Rocheserviere">Rocheserviere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Suffel" title="Battle of La Suffel">La Suffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rocquencourt" title="Battle of Rocquencourt">Rocquencourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Issy" title="Battle of Issy">Issy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Info</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">French and ally<br />military and<br />political leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier" title="Louis-Alexandre Berthier">Louis-Alexandre Berthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Nicolas_Davout" title="Louis-Nicolas Davout">Louis-Nicolas Davout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lannes" title="Jean Lannes">Jean Lannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_de_Marmont" title="Auguste de Marmont">Auguste de Marmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Ney" title="Michel Ney">Michel Ney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Jean-de-Dieu Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Victor-Perrin,_Duc_de_Belluno" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno">Marshal Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bessi%C3%A8res" title="Jean-Baptiste Bessières">Jean-Baptiste Bessières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Charles_Villeneuve" title="Pierre-Charles Villeneuve">Pierre-Charles Villeneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" title="Louis Bonaparte">Louis Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Jérôme Bonaparte">Jérôme Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Poniatowski" title="Józef Poniatowski">Prince Poniatowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_de_Beauharnais" title="Eugène de Beauharnais">Prince Eugène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_Joseph_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria">Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_I_of_Saxony" title="Frederick Augustus I of Saxony">Frederick Augustus I of Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Frederick I of Württemberg">Frederick I of Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">Frederick VI of Denmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Coalition<br />military and<br />political leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Duke of Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowland_Hill,_1st_Viscount_Hill" title="Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill">Rowland Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moore_(British_Army_officer)" title="John Moore (British Army officer)">John Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson,_1st_Viscount_Nelson" title="Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson">Horatio Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cochrane,_10th_Earl_of_Dundonald" title="Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald">Thomas Cochrane</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Lape%C3%B1a" title="Manuel Lapeña">Manuel Lapeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Philipp,_Prince_of_Schwarzenberg" title="Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg">Prince von Schwarzenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">Archduke John of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kutuzov" title="Mikhail Kutuzov">Mikhail Kutuzov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly">Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levin_August_von_Bennigsen" title="Levin August von Bennigsen">Count Bennigsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Bagration" title="Pyotr Bagration">Pyotr Bagration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Wittgenstein" title="Peter Wittgenstein">Peter Wittgenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_III_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William III of Prussia">Frederick William III of Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebhard_Leberecht_von_Bl%C3%BCcher" title="Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher">Gebhard von Blücher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick">Duke of Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Louis,_Prince_of_Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen">Prince of Hohenlohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Ricardo_de_%C3%81lava" title="Miguel Ricardo de Álava">Miguel de Álava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_I_of_Portugal" title="Maria I of Portugal">Maria I of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VI_of_Portugal" title="John VI of Portugal">Prince Regent John of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Pereira_Forjaz,_Count_of_Feira" class="mw-redirect" title="Miguel Pereira Forjaz, Count of Feira">Count of Feira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William, Prince of Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf" title="Gustav IV Adolf">Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John" title="Charles XIV John">Prince Charles John of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related<br />conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_War_(1807%E2%80%931812)" title="Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812)">Anglo-Russian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1796%E2%80%931808)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808)">Anglo-Spanish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Swedish_War_(1810%E2%80%931812)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Swedish War (1810–1812)">Anglo-Swedish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Turkish_War_(1807%E2%80%931809)" title="Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809)">Anglo-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Wars_(Scandinavia)" title="English Wars (Scandinavia)">Anglo-Danish War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunboat_War" title="Gunboat War">Gunboat War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dano-Swedish_War_of_1808%E2%80%931809" class="mw-redirect" title="Dano-Swedish War of 1808–1809">Dano-Swedish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_War" title="Finnish War">Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Swedish_War" title="Franco-Swedish War">Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)">Russo-Persian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1806%E2%80%931812)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)">Russo-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Spanish American wars of independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish%E2%80%93Norwegian_War_(1814)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)">Swedish–Norwegian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Campo Formio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Treaty of Lunéville">Lunéville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Artlenburg" title="Convention of Artlenburg">Artlenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Pressburg_(1805)" title="Peace of Pressburg (1805)">Pressburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Finckenstein" title="Treaty of Finckenstein">Finckenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Tilsit" title="Treaties of Tilsit">Tilsit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Cintra" title="Convention of Cintra">Cintra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Sch%C3%B6nbrunn" title="Treaty of Schönbrunn">Schönbrunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1810)" title="Treaty of Paris (1810)">Paris (1810)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(24_February_1812)" title="Treaty of Paris (24 February 1812)">Paris (February 1812)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(14_March_1812)" title="Treaty of Paris (14 March 1812)">Paris (March 1812)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Treaty of Paris (1814)">Paris (1814)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Tauroggen" title="Convention of Tauroggen">Tauroggen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ried" title="Treaty of Ried">Ried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Chaumont" title="Treaty of Chaumont">Chaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kiel" title="Treaty of Kiel">Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Mantua" title="Convention of Mantua">Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Casalanza" title="Treaty of Casalanza">Casalanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1814)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)">Fontainebleau (1814)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1815)" title="Treaty of Paris (1815)">Paris (1815)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_the_Napoleonic_Wars" title="List of books about the Napoleonic Wars">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars_casualties" title="Napoleonic Wars casualties">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Erfurt" title="Congress of Erfurt">Congress of Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_System" title="Continental System">Continental System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Dresden_(1812)" title="Conference of Dresden (1812)">Conference of Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_expects_that_every_man_will_do_his_duty" title="England expects that every man will do his duty">England expects that every man will do his duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Napoleonic_Wars_films" title="List of Napoleonic Wars films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" title="Grande Armée">Grande Armée</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_La_Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" title="Uniforms of La Grande Armée">Uniforms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longwood_House" title="Longwood House">Longwood House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_military_forces_in_the_Napoleonic_Wars" title="Types of military forces in the Napoleonic Wars">Types of military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="German_Confederations_(1806–1871)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:German_Confederations_1806%E2%80%931871" title="Template:German Confederations 1806–1871"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:German_Confederations_1806%E2%80%931871" title="Template talk:German Confederations 1806–1871"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:German_Confederations_1806%E2%80%931871" title="Special:EditPage/Template:German Confederations 1806–1871"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German_Confederations_(1806–1871)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">German Confederations</a> (1806–1871)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/18px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/27px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/36px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> 1806–1813</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Protector</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon I</a> (1806–1813)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Prince_primate" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince primate">Prince primate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Theodor_Anton_Maria_von_Dalberg" title="Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg">Karl Theodor von Dalberg</a> (1806–1813)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_de_Beauharnais" title="Eugène de Beauharnais">Eugène de Beauharnais</a> (1813)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(3-2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/18px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/27px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> 1815–1866</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francis I of Austria</a> (1815–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I of Austria</a> (1835–1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Francis Joseph I of Austria</a> (1850–1866)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Imperial regent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">Archduke Johann of Austria</a> (1848–1849)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/18px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/27px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> 1867–1871</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">President</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">Wilhelm I of Prussia</a> (1867–1871)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Chancellor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a> (1867–1871)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">List of German monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany" title="History of Germany">History of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine" title="House of Habsburg-Lorraine">House of Habsburg-Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenzollern" title="House of Hohenzollern">House of Hohenzollern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130834#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130834#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000066300031">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/36912131">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/307181063">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/97668/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjtQdwVqy6HHCWVbvqMPFC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118534955">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82111992">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb113490762">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb113490762">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an61539433">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000700557&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1012386">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p06834726X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90566535">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000103791&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=248469">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/ljx17f4448v7g23">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810624627505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/32489">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007297430205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14702696">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500353963">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1842290">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118534955.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118534955">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/082991626">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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