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if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = [{"id":192163,"link":"http://www.earth.ox.ac.uk/people/profiles/academic/martinb","name":"Homepage","link_domain":"www.earth.ox.ac.uk","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=www.earth.ox.ac.uk"}]</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://oxford.academia.edu/MartinBrasier","location":"/MartinBrasier","scheme":"https","host":"oxford.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/MartinBrasier","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-141621ef-0d8b-4c4f-8d4c-0afd9e2ea68e"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-141621ef-0d8b-4c4f-8d4c-0afd9e2ea68e"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Martin Brasier" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/326097/91654/100948/s200_martin.brasier.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Martin Brasier</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/">University of Oxford</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/Departments/Earth_Sciences/Documents">Earth Sciences</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://mun.academia.edu/">Memorial University of Newfoundland</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://mun.academia.edu/Departments/Earth_Science/Documents">Earth Science</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Adjunct Professor (ITESM)</span></div><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://museumwales.academia.edu/">National Museum of Wales</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://museumwales.academia.edu/Departments/Department_of_Geology/Documents">Department of Geology</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Department Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Martin" data-follow-user-id="326097" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="326097"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">1,201</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">36</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Just how good are patterns in the fossil record for studying the origins of major biological groups?And just how good is our own mental equipment for interpreting those patterns when we discover them?<br /><br />My first tentative answers to these questions emerged after a year spent as Ship's Scientist aboard HMS Fawn during its cruise across the reefs and lagoons of the Caribbean in 1970. From this I could see that it is the analysis of interconnections between and within systems that may provide a valuable key for decoding the early history of life. Ever since then, I have sought to increase and expand our understanding of big transitions in the fossil record, pushing the researches of my group ever deeper in geological time. All of those questions that interest me tend to relate some very major interconnections in deep time, notably: patterns and processes in the Cambrian explosion; origins of the animal phyla; the dynamics of reefal and foraminiferal symbioses through deep time; phosphorus and the carbon cycle in deep time; origins of terrestrial ecosystems; the earliest fossil record; and the origins of life itself.<br /><br />Current areas of field activity include the Archaean of Australia and the Proterozoic and Cambrian of Canada, Australia, Asia and Oman as well as Britain. We often undertake active comparisons between recent and ancient ecosystems, and we like to pioneer innovative high resolution techniques, ranging from satellite imaging and field mapping to microscopic mapping using Confocal Microscopy, Laser Raman, NanoSims and other biogeochemical mapping techniques. All of these approaches are driven, however, by our search for innovative and provocative questions. Science is not a belief system - it is a unique system for the measurement of doubt.<br /><br />Professor of Palaeobiology at the University of Oxford, I am also a Trustee and a Fellow of St Edmund Hall, Oxford. Other duties have included serving as Chairman of the Faculty of Earth Sciences; Chairman of the Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy; membership of NSF panels; membership of NASA panels on life on Mars. I also hold a Professorship at Memorial University, Newfoundland. My first popular science book “Darwin's Lost World” was published by Oxford University Press in 2009 as a celebration of Darwin's 200th birthday. I am currently writing a sequel to celebrate Robert Hooke and the hidden history of the cell.  <br /><br />Important resources available to visitors and to researchers include: thousands of specimens relating to the origins of the major animal groups, accumulated during the last fifty years; thousands of polished thin sections relating to the earliest microscopic life; high quality Nikon Multiphot and Zeiss imaging facilities; an extensive library; and an attractive field base for studies of Precambrian to modern ecosystems around the coast of Pembrokeshire.<br /><span class="u-fw700">Phone: </span>01865 272074<br /><b>Address: </b>Department of Earth Sciences<br />South Parks Road<br />Oxford<br />OX1 3AN<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="326097">View All (21)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="326097" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Life"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://oxford.academia.edu/MartinBrasier","location":"/MartinBrasier","scheme":"https","host":"oxford.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/MartinBrasier","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Origins of Life"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-a1ab57ea-2298-473e-ad97-69f186e9b4c4"></div> <div 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id="Pill-react-component-7770a625-7431-43c3-ac24-9ae8e2994653"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="326097" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archean"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Archean"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-0472de72-2196-4d04-a39e-4d9ae76f38c5"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-0472de72-2196-4d04-a39e-4d9ae76f38c5"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="326097" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snowball_Glaciation"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Snowball Glaciation"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-fedaf93e-e814-4541-9e39-ea7dfe4b0232"></div> <div 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class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Books</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>131</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Teaching-Documents" data-toggle="tab" href="#teachingdocuments" role="tab" title="Teaching Documents"><span>1</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Teaching Documents</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Books" id="Books"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Books by Martin Brasier</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2432737"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2432737/Secret_Chambers_the_inside_story_of_cells_and_complex_life"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Secret Chambers: the inside story of cells and complex life" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2432737/Secret_Chambers_the_inside_story_of_cells_and_complex_life">Secret Chambers: the inside story of cells and complex life</a></div><div 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} }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="434728"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/434728/Darwins_Lost_World_the_hidden_history_of_animal_life"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Darwin's Lost World: the hidden history of animal life." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/434728/Darwins_Lost_World_the_hidden_history_of_animal_life">Darwin's Lost World: the hidden history of animal life.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Darwin was famously troubled by the apparent lack of any fossil record before the Cambrian period...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Darwin was famously troubled by the apparent lack of any fossil record before the Cambrian period. If indeed no fossils existed, his theory of evolution could be proved wrong.<br /><br />The challenging search to find a pre-Cambrian fossil record has been one the great quests of 20th-century geology. Now one of its leading figures, Martin Brasier, tells the story of the adventures, the hard science, and the discoveries: among them, he describes an extraordinary world of enigmatic soft-bodied creatures which lived and died before the dawn of the Cambrian.<br /><br />His expeditions take us to the remote wilds of Mongolia and Siberia during the Cold War, to the depths of the Caribbean sea, and to the run up to the phenomenal explosion of animal life 540 million years ago.<br /><br />This book from Oxford University Press commemorates 150 years since the publication of the Origin of Species in 1859, and 200 years since Darwin's birth in 1809.<br /><br />Some recent reviews say:<br /><br />"If there is one book in this crop that Darwin himself would surely have appreciated, it is 'Darwin's Lost World'." Clive Cookson, Financial Times <br /><br />"A Nabakovian example of great literature...Brasier's solution to Darwin's Dilemmma is a joy to read." Lynn Margulis.<br /><br />"The story is part travelogue, part memoir, told in an individual style with singular anecdotes. This is a scientific adventure that will entertain and inform general readers and has the potential to inspire the next generation of young researchers." Derek Briggs,The Quarterly Review of Biology <br /><br />"...the most lively book about matters Cambrian and earlier. Martin Brasier has an engaging personality which comes across well in print." Richard A. Fortey, Times Literary Supplement</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="434728"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="434728"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 434728; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=434728]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=434728]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 434728; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='434728']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 434728, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=434728]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":434728,"title":"Darwin's Lost World: the hidden history of animal life.","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Darwin was famously troubled by the apparent lack of any fossil record before the Cambrian period. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="439414"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/439414/Microfossils"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Microfossils" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/1986766/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/439414/Microfossils">Microfossils</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cfbd5d5f1addb2905dacd11dc2134ca5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":1986766,"asset_id":439414,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1986766/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="439414"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="439414"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 439414; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Martin Brasier</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2432767"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2432767/Were_the_Ediacaran_siliciclastics_of_South_Australia_coastal_or_deep_marine_as_argued_by_Retallack_2012_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Were the Ediacaran siliciclastics of South Australia coastal or deep marine? (as argued by Retallack 2012)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30457068/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2432767/Were_the_Ediacaran_siliciclastics_of_South_Australia_coastal_or_deep_marine_as_argued_by_Retallack_2012_">Were the Ediacaran siliciclastics of South Australia coastal or deep marine? 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For those forms that fall within the morphological spectrum between Trepassia and Beothukis, we introduce Vinlandia gen. nov. 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New protocols for cell evolution in deep time. ","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The study of life remote in space has strong parallels with the study of life remote in time. Both are dependent on decoding those historic phenomena called 'fossils', here taken to include biogenic traces of activity and waste products. There is the shared problem of data restoration from incomplete data sets; the importance of contextual analysis of potentially viable habitats; the centrality of cell theory; the need to reject the null hypothesis of an abiogenic origin for candidate cells via morphospace analysis; the need to demonstrate biology-like behaviour (e.g., association with biofilm-like structures; tendency to form clusters and 'mats'; and a preference for certain substrates), and of metabolism-like behaviour (e.g., within the candidate cell wall; within surrounding 'waste products'; evidence for syntrophy and metabolic cycles; and evidence for metabolic tiers). We combine these ideas into a robust protocol for demonstrating ancient or extra-terrestrial life, drawing examples from Earth's early geological record, in particular from the earliest known freshwater communities of the 1.0 Ga Torridonian of Scotland, from the 1.9 Ga Gunflint Chert of Canada, from the 3.4 Ga Strelley Pool sandstone of Australia, and from the 3.46 Ga Apex Chert also of Australia.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":29558704},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2040159/Fossils_and_astrobiology_New_protocols_for_cell_evolution_in_deep_time","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-10-18T10:01:23.145-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":326097,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":29558704,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/29558704/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Brasier_paper_228._New_protocols_for_cell_evolution.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29558704/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Fossils_and_astrobiology_New_protocols_f.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/29558704/Brasier_paper_228._New_protocols_for_cell_evolution-libre.pdf?1390876899=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFossils_and_astrobiology_New_protocols_f.pdf\u0026Expires=1731494123\u0026Signature=I35KwjnBEeRJdzBFyR1LmespuJDxVKqDg48lpKUqSnbgdLmzS6bvAel0JAgRFUCVBccbrn9KpIxj5RN-E-v5cLgUe9EUMZui1a3aLQKooA5R1Ngyf9VWt6SZ7OgTg2NEDm~U1IEZ7YIGZWluhOz6tAQp0M7zIJV5DS5lTSvEj9zanK3fTp9VoJ1d98S4~Kyvtb4YR1VVcU~htcFv0-N-wLWQaqtHg7jtYze6blxNQNu4~SlIrotp0Km63hAPcm-EBxKinz7gj8imERJFX1qXKA4OdZ9NyZQofYEz2mzmEC0QW3rXJnrBGMUqyFnxggjhxBs57BvGxewqMJUTNobJXw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Fossils_and_astrobiology_New_protocols_for_cell_evolution_in_deep_time","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":326097,"first_name":"Martin","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Brasier","page_name":"MartinBrasier","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-02-08T05:19:01.715-08:00","display_name":"Martin 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extinctions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_extinctions"},{"id":61989,"name":"Ediacaran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ediacaran"},{"id":78101,"name":"Proterozoic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proterozoic"},{"id":78109,"name":"Cambrian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cambrian"},{"id":78114,"name":"Precambrian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precambrian"},{"id":78129,"name":"Archaean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaean"},{"id":954870,"name":"Origins of Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Cells"},{"id":954875,"name":"Origins of Eukaryotes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Eukaryotes"},{"id":954878,"name":"Origins of Metazoans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Metazoans"},{"id":954881,"name":"Foraminiferid Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraminiferid_Evolution"},{"id":954883,"name":"Evolution of Photosymbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Photosymbiosis"},{"id":954885,"name":"Complecxity and Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complecxity_and_Evolution"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2040156"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2040156/Taphonomy_of_very_ancient_microfossils_from_the_3400_Ma_Strelley_Pool_Formation_and_1900_Ma_Gunflint_Formation_New_insights_using_a_focused_ion_beam"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Taphonomy of very ancient microfossils from the ∼3400 Ma Strelley Pool Formation and ∼1900 Ma Gunflint Formation: New insights using a focused ion beam. " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/29558701/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2040156/Taphonomy_of_very_ancient_microfossils_from_the_3400_Ma_Strelley_Pool_Formation_and_1900_Ma_Gunflint_Formation_New_insights_using_a_focused_ion_beam">Taphonomy of very ancient microfossils from the ∼3400 Ma Strelley Pool Formation and ∼1900 Ma Gunflint Formation: New insights using a focused ion beam. </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b751cd9aff222c8c7d264b232c1993e2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":29558701,"asset_id":2040156,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29558701/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2040156"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2040156"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2040156; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2040156]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2040156]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2040156; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2040156']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2040156, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b751cd9aff222c8c7d264b232c1993e2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2040156]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2040156,"title":"Taphonomy of very ancient microfossils from the ∼3400 Ma Strelley Pool Formation and ∼1900 Ma Gunflint Formation: New insights using a focused ion beam. ","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Focused ion beam (FIB) milling permits the accurate extraction of ultrathin (c. 100 nm) cross sectional lamellae from microfossils found in geological thin sections. Subsequent TEM analysis of these lamellae can provide unique insights into the ultrastructure, chemistry and taphonomy of Precambrian microfossils at the micrometer to nanometer scale. Combining serial FIB milling with SEM imaging extends this capability to three dimensional (3D) tomographic reconstruction and visualization of Precambrian microfossils, revealing information not available in light microscopy.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":29558701},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2040156/Taphonomy_of_very_ancient_microfossils_from_the_3400_Ma_Strelley_Pool_Formation_and_1900_Ma_Gunflint_Formation_New_insights_using_a_focused_ion_beam","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-10-18T10:00:04.742-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":326097,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":29558701,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/29558701/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Brasier_paper_227._Wacey_et_al_2012_PR_FIB.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29558701/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Taphonomy_of_very_ancient_microfossils_f.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/29558701/Brasier_paper_227._Wacey_et_al_2012_PR_FIB-libre.pdf?1390876906=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTaphonomy_of_very_ancient_microfossils_f.pdf\u0026Expires=1731494123\u0026Signature=UwIQeolmUdFkWU72-0JDhiTxfGl9yWdgIm74BAJrpxfYnXquvxCq~ljvUi1m5G0uzR-heYjAllGishELRZ4E8i1iRtKwZAwwiDc0dmdFZ7I1Tk0lRRpkJOhXS1NvqUqAlAd5az9cyEoWn6LMc28-KwEH6T4pV~M786pg9hXh-WiRuuSnYs~uxml7Bpgn1MUTh4pEidIX0JafrXAppaXoLEPQPqUH8zvUW7AGcl2x47JNrGT6NgKZ4EvFmqRpoD0BproLliaq46o~xRGtKRWgZU6Z95zIqSCamdVUGk6SXVyVkBdjYIzIsftmMAAtYn~k-274LwTDgWXOlgakjqukig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Taphonomy_of_very_ancient_microfossils_from_the_3400_Ma_Strelley_Pool_Formation_and_1900_Ma_Gunflint_Formation_New_insights_using_a_focused_ion_beam","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":326097,"first_name":"Martin","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Brasier","page_name":"MartinBrasier","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-02-08T05:19:01.715-08:00","display_name":"Martin 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Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular_Biology"},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science"},{"id":4315,"name":"Origins of Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Life"},{"id":28845,"name":"Palaeobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeobiology"},{"id":33575,"name":"Mass extinctions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_extinctions"},{"id":61989,"name":"Ediacaran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ediacaran"},{"id":78101,"name":"Proterozoic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proterozoic"},{"id":78109,"name":"Cambrian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cambrian"},{"id":78114,"name":"Precambrian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precambrian"},{"id":78129,"name":"Archaean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaean"},{"id":954870,"name":"Origins of Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Cells"},{"id":954875,"name":"Origins of Eukaryotes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Eukaryotes"},{"id":954878,"name":"Origins of Metazoans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Metazoans"},{"id":954881,"name":"Foraminiferid Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraminiferid_Evolution"},{"id":954883,"name":"Evolution of Photosymbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Photosymbiosis"},{"id":954885,"name":"Complecxity and Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complecxity_and_Evolution"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2040155"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" 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Scotland. " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/29558697/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2040155/Remarkably_preserved_prokaryote_and_eukaryote_fossils_within_1_Ga_old_Lake_phosphates_of_the_Torridon_Group_N_W_Scotland">Remarkably preserved prokaryote and eukaryote fossils within 1 Ga old Lake phosphates of the Torridon Group, N.W. Scotland. </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="489d105d3302c7a0d0306c410e64a13d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":29558697,"asset_id":2040155,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29558697/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2040155"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2040155"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2040155; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2040155]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2040155]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2040155; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2040155']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2040155, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "489d105d3302c7a0d0306c410e64a13d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2040155]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2040155,"title":"Remarkably preserved prokaryote and eukaryote fossils within 1 Ga old Lake phosphates of the Torridon Group, N.W. Scotland. ","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The ∼1000 Ma Torridon Group of northwest Scotland are here shown to contain a rich diversity of organic walled microfossils preserved in exceptional detail within sedimentary phosphate. The phosphatic nodules and bands in which they occur are autochthonous, as are the organic fossils they contain. The associated sedimentology of this phosphate is shown to be consistent with a lacustrine setting. Informal taxonomic treatment of the microfossils allows statistical assessment of the relative abundances of different morphotypes across a range of lacustrine environments. Exceptional preservation of pristine organic-walled eukaryotes and prokaryotes, together with a taphonomic spectrum in both physicochemical and biological degradational conditions allows a picture to be built of the earliest lacustrine ecological communities.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":29558697},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2040155/Remarkably_preserved_prokaryote_and_eukaryote_fossils_within_1_Ga_old_Lake_phosphates_of_the_Torridon_Group_N_W_Scotland","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-10-18T09:58:17.930-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":326097,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":29558697,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/29558697/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Brasier_paper_226._Torridon_cell_taphonomy.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29558697/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Remarkably_preserved_prokaryote_and_euka.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/29558697/Brasier_paper_226._Torridon_cell_taphonomy-libre.pdf?1390876911=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRemarkably_preserved_prokaryote_and_euka.pdf\u0026Expires=1731494123\u0026Signature=DvqzyJjiUrMw9Aqx2kfVolo5aKUShGY-ccYf~LMDoe43AJ2pnR00Z~i1-N~93QwP6znam0hrT~Jnpi18xx~q3S5lGteymitD9ozGREmb3io3Hs3CCZbsv99wYE6OYkJv1EG~iAi~-BSsV9d5XF-EfBZZ631EMJW-u3zNCySC3LHA7Tq6aXeB3pSqLcYeTG29NYRr-SGP~TcNzIim9Kn~7~dvu2cwRamjQ3LKYF5pdVoK3wtSBfr2APZTyRA0Cu23h266xWPOpOIXc~5n~bOA8Wp6nI1B4OaRTb1qgjFVqXqgq5xUPaJKiySo~9MUtFfqGdhXinNLVjWuhj9wpYo9MA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Remarkably_preserved_prokaryote_and_eukaryote_fossils_within_1_Ga_old_Lake_phosphates_of_the_Torridon_Group_N_W_Scotland","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":326097,"first_name":"Martin","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Brasier","page_name":"MartinBrasier","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-02-08T05:19:01.715-08:00","display_name":"Martin 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data-work-id="2040154"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2040154/Diverse_microbially_induced_sedimentary_structures_from_1Ga_lakes_of_the_Diabaig_Formation_Torridon_Group_NW_Scotland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Diverse microbially induced sedimentary structures from 1Ga lakes of the Diabaig Formation, Torridon Group, NW Scotland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/29558695/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2040154/Diverse_microbially_induced_sedimentary_structures_from_1Ga_lakes_of_the_Diabaig_Formation_Torridon_Group_NW_Scotland">Diverse microbially induced sedimentary structures from 1Ga lakes of the Diabaig Formation, Torridon Group, NW Scotland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="38208e01eb962c8a8db1581a0e20e1b5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":29558695,"asset_id":2040154,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29558695/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2040154"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span 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el: this, workJSON: {"id":2040154,"title":"Diverse microbially induced sedimentary structures from 1Ga lakes of the Diabaig Formation, Torridon Group, NW Scotland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The siliciclastic lacustrine rocks of the~1000 Ma Diabaig Formation, northwest Scotland, contain a remarkable diversity of macroscopic structures on bedding planes that can be compared with various kinds of microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS). Field sedimentological investigations, combined with laboratory analysis of bedding planes and petrographic study of thin sections have allowed us to characterise a range of depositional environments and document the spectrum of biological structures. MISS are reported from frequently subaerial environments, through commonly submerged facies, and down to permanently sub-wavebase settings. Palaeoenvironmental conditions (water depth, exposure, hydrodynamic energy) control the distribution of MISS within these facies. This demonstrates that mat-forming microbial communities were arguably well adapted to low light levels or periodic exposure. Some MISS from the Diabaig Formation are typical of Precambrian microbial mats, including reticulate fabrics and 'old elephant skin' textures. In addition to these, a number of new and unusual fabrics of putative microbial origin are described, including linear arrays of ridges and grooves (cf. 'Arumberia') and discoidal structures that are comparable with younger Ediacaran fossils such as Beltanelliformis. These observations indicate that benthic microbial ecosystems were thriving in freshwater lake systems~1000 Ma, and indicate how microbially induced sedimentary structures may be applied as facies indicators for Proterozoic lacustrine environments. The discovery of structures closely resembling Ediacaran fossils (cf. Beltanelliformis) also serves to highlight the difficulty of interpreting simple discoidal bedding plane structures as metazoan fossils.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":29558695},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2040154/Diverse_microbially_induced_sedimentary_structures_from_1Ga_lakes_of_the_Diabaig_Formation_Torridon_Group_NW_Scotland","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-10-18T09:56:36.496-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":326097,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":29558695,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/29558695/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Brasier_paper_225._Callow__Torridon.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29558695/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Diverse_microbially_induced_sedimentary.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/29558695/Brasier_paper_225._Callow__Torridon-libre.pdf?1390876898=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDiverse_microbially_induced_sedimentary.pdf\u0026Expires=1731494123\u0026Signature=TvWOkPfkt1NwPjLpIu-9BYwOBGSpyfY2zzoiGxgF6Ym4BD7cZ1bR911kNwjjrxHPOScCS6E5E7oGt3jxYNkkwSvLpzVtforb253sx2rr4wCuc066VGf4HcpBoM-MMWVhTsDmn528zZOlbs~LR-aExJk4iaMewA-wdWdleuhhmeRoCu3g1p9z4~k2IMCwgbCvffyIXX4LTtrDPoTsxV0M2Rs5lnloBmCEgPpbohoS~YA6eER4qzHVsH26y6FOJqre8hSh~9W7z5O6zBgKCF4OqW7RPGxtJkY1jWt1fnsODKRuj-cHxnVol4ALm55H-3agypccUzbzWo5aBrbaM79Hsw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Diverse_microbially_induced_sedimentary_structures_from_1Ga_lakes_of_the_Diabaig_Formation_Torridon_Group_NW_Scotland","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":326097,"first_name":"Martin","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Brasier","page_name":"MartinBrasier","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-02-08T05:19:01.715-08:00","display_name":"Martin Brasier","url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/MartinBrasier"},"attachments":[{"id":29558695,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/29558695/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Brasier_paper_225._Callow__Torridon.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29558695/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Diverse_microbially_induced_sedimentary.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/29558695/Brasier_paper_225._Callow__Torridon-libre.pdf?1390876898=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDiverse_microbially_induced_sedimentary.pdf\u0026Expires=1731494123\u0026Signature=TvWOkPfkt1NwPjLpIu-9BYwOBGSpyfY2zzoiGxgF6Ym4BD7cZ1bR911kNwjjrxHPOScCS6E5E7oGt3jxYNkkwSvLpzVtforb253sx2rr4wCuc066VGf4HcpBoM-MMWVhTsDmn528zZOlbs~LR-aExJk4iaMewA-wdWdleuhhmeRoCu3g1p9z4~k2IMCwgbCvffyIXX4LTtrDPoTsxV0M2Rs5lnloBmCEgPpbohoS~YA6eER4qzHVsH26y6FOJqre8hSh~9W7z5O6zBgKCF4OqW7RPGxtJkY1jWt1fnsODKRuj-cHxnVol4ALm55H-3agypccUzbzWo5aBrbaM79Hsw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science"},{"id":4315,"name":"Origins of Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Life"},{"id":6389,"name":"Microbial Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Ecology"},{"id":28845,"name":"Palaeobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeobiology"},{"id":33575,"name":"Mass extinctions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_extinctions"},{"id":61989,"name":"Ediacaran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ediacaran"},{"id":78101,"name":"Proterozoic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proterozoic"},{"id":78109,"name":"Cambrian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cambrian"},{"id":78114,"name":"Precambrian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precambrian"},{"id":78129,"name":"Archaean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaean"},{"id":130626,"name":"Lake Sediments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lake_Sediments"},{"id":954870,"name":"Origins of Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Cells"},{"id":954875,"name":"Origins of Eukaryotes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Eukaryotes"},{"id":954878,"name":"Origins of Metazoans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Metazoans"},{"id":954881,"name":"Foraminiferid Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraminiferid_Evolution"},{"id":954883,"name":"Evolution of Photosymbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Photosymbiosis"},{"id":954885,"name":"Complecxity and Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complecxity_and_Evolution"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" 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Memoirs of the Geological Society, London; v. 36; p. 251- 262. " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2040149/The_Abu_Mahara_Group_Ghubrah_and_Fiq_formations_Jabal_Akhdar_Oman_Memoirs_of_the_Geological_Society_London_v_36_p_251_262">The Abu Mahara Group (Ghubrah and Fiq formations), Jabal Akhdar, Oman. 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Hitherto, the problem has largely been addressed in terms of theoretical and experimental<br />chemistry plus evidence from extremophile habitats like modern hydrothermal vents and meteorite<br />impact structures. Here, we argue that extensive rafts of glassy, porous, and gas-rich pumice could have had a<br />significant role in the origin of life and provided an important habitat for the earliest communities of microorganisms.<br />This is because pumice has four remarkable properties. First, during eruption it develops the highest<br />surface-area-to-volume ratio known for any rock type. Second, it is the only known rock type that floats as rafts<br />at the air-water interface and then becomes beached in the tidal zone for long periods of time. Third, it is exposed<br />to an unusually wide variety of conditions, including dehydration. Finally, from rafting to burial, it has a<br />remarkable ability to adsorb metals, organics, and phosphates as well as to host organic catalysts such as zeolites<br />and titanium oxides. These remarkable properties now deserve to be rigorously explored in the laboratory and<br />the early rock record.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="28fe68a0fe841ad048690f369ea4d932" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":6615499,"asset_id":1080304,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6615499/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1080304"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1080304"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1080304; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1080304]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1080304]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1080304; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1080304']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1080304, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "28fe68a0fe841ad048690f369ea4d932" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1080304]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1080304,"title":"Pumice as a remarkable substrate for the origins of life","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The context for the emergence of life on Earth sometime prior to 3.5 billion years ago is almost as big a puzzle as\nthe definition of life itself. 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Finally, from rafting to burial, it has a\nremarkable ability to adsorb metals, organics, and phosphates as well as to host organic catalysts such as zeolites\nand titanium oxides. These remarkable properties now deserve to be rigorously explored in the laboratory and\nthe early rock record.","more_info":"With David Wacey, Sean McMahon and Richard Matthewman"},"translated_abstract":"The context for the emergence of life on Earth sometime prior to 3.5 billion years ago is almost as big a puzzle as\nthe definition of life itself. Hitherto, the problem has largely been addressed in terms of theoretical and experimental\nchemistry plus evidence from extremophile habitats like modern hydrothermal vents and meteorite\nimpact structures. Here, we argue that extensive rafts of glassy, porous, and gas-rich pumice could have had a\nsignificant role in the origin of life and provided an important habitat for the earliest communities of microorganisms.\nThis is because pumice has four remarkable properties. First, during eruption it develops the highest\nsurface-area-to-volume ratio known for any rock type. Second, it is the only known rock type that floats as rafts\nat the air-water interface and then becomes beached in the tidal zone for long periods of time. Third, it is exposed\nto an unusually wide variety of conditions, including dehydration. Finally, from rafting to burial, it has a\nremarkable ability to adsorb metals, organics, and phosphates as well as to host organic catalysts such as zeolites\nand titanium oxides. These remarkable properties now deserve to be rigorously explored in the laboratory and\nthe early rock record.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1080304/Pumice_as_a_remarkable_substrate_for_the_origins_of_life","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2011-11-10T09:37:11.340-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":326097,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":6615499,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/6615499/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Brasier_paper_222._Pumice_article_final.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6615499/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Pumice_as_a_remarkable_substrate_for_the.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/6615499/Brasier_paper_222._Pumice_article_final-libre.pdf?1390847209=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPumice_as_a_remarkable_substrate_for_the.pdf\u0026Expires=1731455490\u0026Signature=Hifga2PfD5Zqig23xjRqN4X48sShTqRjhzxwfYkfttz7sOmdtxsmKrStlkx7GEmiH3I-5llzBNYInHGVXFLIimEMP3kHBdkbGoORtZnd2bl0El3XprCcHAK2PetRsd5TdxLCyJsP6vF3nw-dBjk3AU5qMMqzAZoizH2eU54NMSuHinfGAJPpPK4LGBl2VQ8DeeIXdG7~YsDs0lRMxp9IRQv2OM7ebN5~pzTCIf5YOzIaVIvF1kj5DxJ0EqIA-T89eefmqv98SBO7V6NBJ3rGSWlBKjauYBim9wKHnpp4FTVy9s8VmqokdPIsBG9vUAE0oW6k02jAn5MYPvdIf4eRrA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Pumice_as_a_remarkable_substrate_for_the_origins_of_life","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":326097,"first_name":"Martin","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Brasier","page_name":"MartinBrasier","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-02-08T05:19:01.715-08:00","display_name":"Martin Brasier","url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/MartinBrasier"},"attachments":[{"id":6615499,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/6615499/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Brasier_paper_222._Pumice_article_final.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6615499/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Pumice_as_a_remarkable_substrate_for_the.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/6615499/Brasier_paper_222._Pumice_article_final-libre.pdf?1390847209=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPumice_as_a_remarkable_substrate_for_the.pdf\u0026Expires=1731455490\u0026Signature=Hifga2PfD5Zqig23xjRqN4X48sShTqRjhzxwfYkfttz7sOmdtxsmKrStlkx7GEmiH3I-5llzBNYInHGVXFLIimEMP3kHBdkbGoORtZnd2bl0El3XprCcHAK2PetRsd5TdxLCyJsP6vF3nw-dBjk3AU5qMMqzAZoizH2eU54NMSuHinfGAJPpPK4LGBl2VQ8DeeIXdG7~YsDs0lRMxp9IRQv2OM7ebN5~pzTCIf5YOzIaVIvF1kj5DxJ0EqIA-T89eefmqv98SBO7V6NBJ3rGSWlBKjauYBim9wKHnpp4FTVy9s8VmqokdPIsBG9vUAE0oW6k02jAn5MYPvdIf4eRrA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4315,"name":"Origins of Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Life"},{"id":5001,"name":"Astrobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astrobiology"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution"},{"id":28845,"name":"Palaeobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeobiology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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This is about the first palaeontologist to describe Precambrian fossils, from 1855. "},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/934431/John_Salter_and_the_Ediacaran_biota_of_the_Longmyndian_Group","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2011-09-20T08:28:59.484-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":326097,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":5697255,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/5697255/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Brasier_paper_223._Ichnos.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5697255/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"John_Salter_and_the_Ediacaran_biota_of_t.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/5697255/Brasier_paper_223._Ichnos-libre.pdf?1390842579=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DJohn_Salter_and_the_Ediacaran_biota_of_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1731455490\u0026Signature=NYmYSt95E3yDJrzETpLpRf-sylgPz8bMvqMgHppjkQSmxcDcawMpFIGafj4GVqQsOV0C~Rhrj5UW4TCL9LI85Byc7j08Nj-MxQioz2E-5FqwgUlRwBjDioWgu8MrQv37uoK37BLYAlenuL1HmTna3xh7KCRh7psV1jgECQjWcFbq~Jv6fh54FL4R0QK8G3-53e47Ckusig354mNXbT27oJq~~E~ywW32TcQKv5bZP23H7hpYKY4ZJnR5WilEZWpFXnEQ1d8RvJ7ZVsASFLQbyaDuNnEerCLqfNk7cS~L2vPzR07H-lqO-hy08oUsc~l-PrS2xXAfP~lM1yUZAe8srw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"John_Salter_and_the_Ediacaran_biota_of_the_Longmyndian_Group","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":326097,"first_name":"Martin","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Brasier","page_name":"MartinBrasier","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-02-08T05:19:01.715-08:00","display_name":"Martin Brasier","url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/MartinBrasier"},"attachments":[{"id":5697255,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/5697255/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Brasier_paper_223._Ichnos.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5697255/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"John_Salter_and_the_Ediacaran_biota_of_t.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/5697255/Brasier_paper_223._Ichnos-libre.pdf?1390842579=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DJohn_Salter_and_the_Ediacaran_biota_of_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1731455490\u0026Signature=NYmYSt95E3yDJrzETpLpRf-sylgPz8bMvqMgHppjkQSmxcDcawMpFIGafj4GVqQsOV0C~Rhrj5UW4TCL9LI85Byc7j08Nj-MxQioz2E-5FqwgUlRwBjDioWgu8MrQv37uoK37BLYAlenuL1HmTna3xh7KCRh7psV1jgECQjWcFbq~Jv6fh54FL4R0QK8G3-53e47Ckusig354mNXbT27oJq~~E~ywW32TcQKv5bZP23H7hpYKY4ZJnR5WilEZWpFXnEQ1d8RvJ7ZVsASFLQbyaDuNnEerCLqfNk7cS~L2vPzR07H-lqO-hy08oUsc~l-PrS2xXAfP~lM1yUZAe8srw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology"},{"id":417,"name":"Paleontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleontology"},{"id":4315,"name":"Origins of Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Life"},{"id":56109,"name":"Precambrian Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precambrian_Geology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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However, mor-4 phological evidence for these sulphur-metabolizing bacteria 5 has been elusive. Here we report the presence of microstruc-6 tures from the 3.4-billion-year-old Strelley Pool Formation in 7 Western Australia that are associated with micrometre-sized 8 pyrite crystals. The microstructures we identify exhibit in-9 dicators of biological affinity, including hollow cell lumens, 10 carbonaceous cell walls enriched in nitrogen, taphonomic 11 degradation, organization into chains and clusters, and δ 13 C 12 values of −33 to −46 VPBD. We therefore identify them 13 as microfossils of spheroidal and ellipsoidal cells and tubular 14 sheaths demonstrating the organization of multiple cells. The 15 associated pyrite crystals have 33 S values between −1.65 16 and +1.43 and δ 34 S values ranging from −12 to +6 . We 17 interpret the pyrite crystals as the metabolic by-products of 18 these cells, which would have employed sulphur-reduction 19 and sulphur-disproportionation pathways. These microfossils 20 are about 200 million years older than previously described 6 21 microfossils from Palaeoarchaean siliciclastic environments. 22 Evidence of cellular organization would represent one of the 23 strongest lines of evidence for a Palaeoarchean biosphere, but 24 this has been beset with controversy 7,8 . At present, microbial 25 mats 9-11 together with sulphur isotope analysis 1-5 provide the best 26 insights into Palaeoarchean microbial metabolisms and ecosystems, 27 with evidence reported for phototrophs 9-11 plus hydrogen-based 10 28 and sulphur-based 1-5 metabolisms. However, these reports lack 29 evidence for accompanying cellular morphology. Here, we provide 30 such evidence in the form of well-preserved cells closely associated 31 with pyrite in the basal sandstone member of the ∼3,400 Myr-old 32 Strelley Pool Formation (SPF), Western Australia. 33 The SPF crops out across eleven greenstone belts within the 34 East Pilbara Terrane, spanning a ∼75 Myr hiatus in volcanism 35 between the 3,520 and 3,427 Myr-old Warrawoona Group and the 36 3,350-3,315 Myr-old Kelly Group 12 . Our microfossils come from 37 the East Strelley greenstone belt (Supplementary Fig. S1), where 38 the SPF lies above an unconformity on top of eroded ∼3,515 Myr-39 old volcanics 13 . Here, the SPF records a marine transgression 40 across one of Earth's earliest preserved shorelines, with the basal 41 sandstone deposited in a shallow-water beach or estuarine setting 14 , 42 and the overlying carbonates deposited in a marine carbonate 43 platform setting 11,15 . Early silica cements in the sandstones 44 include isopachous phreatic cements (Supplementary Fig. S2), 45 accompanied near the base by dripstone and meniscus fabrics 46 (Supplementary Fig. S3) formed in the vadose zone, indicating 47 partially gas-filled pore spaces (see ref. 16) likely in the photic 48 zone. Associated density concentrates of rounded detrital pyrite 49 with mass-independently-fractionated sulphur isotope signatures 50 show this gas was low in oxygen 5 . The microfossils reported here 51 are slightly older than both the stromatolites 11 and microfossils of 52 unknown metabolic affinity from stratiform chert higher up in the 53 SPF (ref. 17; see Supplementary Table S1 for comparison).","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":5317238},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/879460/Microfossils_of_sulphur_metabolizing_cells_in_3_4_billion_year_old_rocks_of_Western_Australia","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2011-09-02T07:37:39.838-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":326097,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":5317238,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/5317238/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Earliest_fossils_cells._Nature_geo_2011.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5317238/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Microfossils_of_sulphur_metabolizing_cel.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/5317238/Earliest_fossils_cells._Nature_geo_2011-libre.pdf?1390840911=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMicrofossils_of_sulphur_metabolizing_cel.pdf\u0026Expires=1731455490\u0026Signature=WdADBjSNZ4bfYHFWY-rLPZeW~T~-b8tixBbo3QZ-LQyjidokiKul9XOFVnbBGxAs765JPG9DoLEDzTROJtP~mEBmIajTdTkKfwBMNEgl09cJPfs~cFLbkLJXjs1L~tG03t6VBiFjMD5hK7xJH6U8W6ekHbwJXrWo5WBXOJXRXVX36l10Fvwhse6SQ4cDW1EHYeg4car9U8-6ZXChHHct8F5kqEftEbTz~H2IGavjlrcX04q-b6UQRiAREGX44Ka7~r1va2h154WKCy4Eg1mdCqfh11Q5bwZOjtQAndMM7ioIOMl2n~x34NAaYgzF-Na36QkTFGx4-w76eHhXvN~kSg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Microfossils_of_sulphur_metabolizing_cells_in_3_4_billion_year_old_rocks_of_Western_Australia","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":326097,"first_name":"Martin","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Brasier","page_name":"MartinBrasier","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-02-08T05:19:01.715-08:00","display_name":"Martin Brasier","url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/MartinBrasier"},"attachments":[{"id":5317238,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/5317238/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Earliest_fossils_cells._Nature_geo_2011.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5317238/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Microfossils_of_sulphur_metabolizing_cel.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/5317238/Earliest_fossils_cells._Nature_geo_2011-libre.pdf?1390840911=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMicrofossils_of_sulphur_metabolizing_cel.pdf\u0026Expires=1731455490\u0026Signature=WdADBjSNZ4bfYHFWY-rLPZeW~T~-b8tixBbo3QZ-LQyjidokiKul9XOFVnbBGxAs765JPG9DoLEDzTROJtP~mEBmIajTdTkKfwBMNEgl09cJPfs~cFLbkLJXjs1L~tG03t6VBiFjMD5hK7xJH6U8W6ekHbwJXrWo5WBXOJXRXVX36l10Fvwhse6SQ4cDW1EHYeg4car9U8-6ZXChHHct8F5kqEftEbTz~H2IGavjlrcX04q-b6UQRiAREGX44Ka7~r1va2h154WKCy4Eg1mdCqfh11Q5bwZOjtQAndMM7ioIOMl2n~x34NAaYgzF-Na36QkTFGx4-w76eHhXvN~kSg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology"},{"id":4315,"name":"Origins of Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Life"},{"id":5001,"name":"Astrobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astrobiology"},{"id":17472,"name":"Palaeoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoecology"},{"id":28160,"name":"Palaeontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeontology"},{"id":56109,"name":"Precambrian Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precambrian_Geology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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From this analysis, we find no case to support a direct relationship. Rather, the xenophyophores are here regarded as a group of recently evolved Foraminifera and are hence unlikely to have a record from the Ediacaran Period. Further from the growth dynamics of Foraminifera, they are also unlikely to be related to the Palaeopascichnus organism. We also find significant distinctions in the growth dynamics of Palaeopascichnus and organ-isms usually referred to the Ediacara biota, such as Charnia and Dickinsonia. Developmental analysis of the Palaeopascichnus -central to the xenophyophore hypothesis -reveals unusual, protozoan features, including evidence for chaotic repair structures, for mergence of coeval forms, as well as complex bifurcations. These observations suggest that Palaeopascichnus is a body fossil of an unidentified protozoan but is unrepresentative of Ediacaran body construction, in general.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":5317484},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/879571/Testing_the_Protozoan_hypothesis_for_Ediacaran_fossils_a_developmental_analysis_of_Palaeopascichnus","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2011-09-02T08:04:39.791-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":326097,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":5317484,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/5317484/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Antcliffe_Gooday_and_Brasier_2011_Palaeopascichnus.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5317484/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Testing_the_Protozoan_hypothesis_for_Edi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/5317484/Antcliffe_Gooday_and_Brasier_2011_Palaeopascichnus-libre.pdf?1390840927=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTesting_the_Protozoan_hypothesis_for_Edi.pdf\u0026Expires=1731455490\u0026Signature=IMcVoyiTqt55OlmX6dCu3iHrH~92x8Tvuee5NMxMy0RKic8YCC39y0a2u3C1cuPDDty5cdZXoLt8GHzoe101yx1cgMh~WB2GfN4BpdEsTiXoOkQ9zLTvnK8B2rsnuKWQbCaZS4dZHgpYNMikYgzvXZ0yBWIa3od5MDyT8AyYmrZ1Ber0ar0~PdB591Pc-bf4zX30hjPaRGFXu9xiWcsFk4h3BehIylKew7pPJ6iQa9V0l7YEtmKIRCR-vJhnbQrpBwi-enVToo1huL3aaswhWKpczaeud0WKBP8rOAB-ayMPLgSyRajrPrZyHOSdGyI7dY4DmBJNqrG42IsN7fwKCQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Testing_the_Protozoan_hypothesis_for_Ediacaran_fossils_a_developmental_analysis_of_Palaeopascichnus","translated_slug":"","page_count":19,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":326097,"first_name":"Martin","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Brasier","page_name":"MartinBrasier","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-02-08T05:19:01.715-08:00","display_name":"Martin Brasier","url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/MartinBrasier"},"attachments":[{"id":5317484,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/5317484/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Antcliffe_Gooday_and_Brasier_2011_Palaeopascichnus.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5317484/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Testing_the_Protozoan_hypothesis_for_Edi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/5317484/Antcliffe_Gooday_and_Brasier_2011_Palaeopascichnus-libre.pdf?1390840927=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTesting_the_Protozoan_hypothesis_for_Edi.pdf\u0026Expires=1731455490\u0026Signature=IMcVoyiTqt55OlmX6dCu3iHrH~92x8Tvuee5NMxMy0RKic8YCC39y0a2u3C1cuPDDty5cdZXoLt8GHzoe101yx1cgMh~WB2GfN4BpdEsTiXoOkQ9zLTvnK8B2rsnuKWQbCaZS4dZHgpYNMikYgzvXZ0yBWIa3od5MDyT8AyYmrZ1Ber0ar0~PdB591Pc-bf4zX30hjPaRGFXu9xiWcsFk4h3BehIylKew7pPJ6iQa9V0l7YEtmKIRCR-vJhnbQrpBwi-enVToo1huL3aaswhWKpczaeud0WKBP8rOAB-ayMPLgSyRajrPrZyHOSdGyI7dY4DmBJNqrG42IsN7fwKCQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="434728"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/434728/Darwins_Lost_World_the_hidden_history_of_animal_life"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Darwin's Lost World: the hidden history of animal life." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/434728/Darwins_Lost_World_the_hidden_history_of_animal_life">Darwin's Lost World: the hidden history of animal life.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Darwin was famously troubled by the apparent lack of any fossil record before the Cambrian period...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Darwin was famously troubled by the apparent lack of any fossil record before the Cambrian period. If indeed no fossils existed, his theory of evolution could be proved wrong.<br /><br />The challenging search to find a pre-Cambrian fossil record has been one the great quests of 20th-century geology. Now one of its leading figures, Martin Brasier, tells the story of the adventures, the hard science, and the discoveries: among them, he describes an extraordinary world of enigmatic soft-bodied creatures which lived and died before the dawn of the Cambrian.<br /><br />His expeditions take us to the remote wilds of Mongolia and Siberia during the Cold War, to the depths of the Caribbean sea, and to the run up to the phenomenal explosion of animal life 540 million years ago.<br /><br />This book from Oxford University Press commemorates 150 years since the publication of the Origin of Species in 1859, and 200 years since Darwin's birth in 1809.<br /><br />Some recent reviews say:<br /><br />"If there is one book in this crop that Darwin himself would surely have appreciated, it is 'Darwin's Lost World'." Clive Cookson, Financial Times <br /><br />"A Nabakovian example of great literature...Brasier's solution to Darwin's Dilemmma is a joy to read." Lynn Margulis.<br /><br />"The story is part travelogue, part memoir, told in an individual style with singular anecdotes. This is a scientific adventure that will entertain and inform general readers and has the potential to inspire the next generation of young researchers." Derek Briggs,The Quarterly Review of Biology <br /><br />"...the most lively book about matters Cambrian and earlier. Martin Brasier has an engaging personality which comes across well in print." Richard A. 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For those forms that fall within the morphological spectrum between Trepassia and Beothukis, we introduce Vinlandia gen. nov. 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New protocols for cell evolution in deep time. " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/29558704/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2040159/Fossils_and_astrobiology_New_protocols_for_cell_evolution_in_deep_time">Fossils and astrobiology. 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New protocols for cell evolution in deep time. ","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The study of life remote in space has strong parallels with the study of life remote in time. Both are dependent on decoding those historic phenomena called 'fossils', here taken to include biogenic traces of activity and waste products. There is the shared problem of data restoration from incomplete data sets; the importance of contextual analysis of potentially viable habitats; the centrality of cell theory; the need to reject the null hypothesis of an abiogenic origin for candidate cells via morphospace analysis; the need to demonstrate biology-like behaviour (e.g., association with biofilm-like structures; tendency to form clusters and 'mats'; and a preference for certain substrates), and of metabolism-like behaviour (e.g., within the candidate cell wall; within surrounding 'waste products'; evidence for syntrophy and metabolic cycles; and evidence for metabolic tiers). We combine these ideas into a robust protocol for demonstrating ancient or extra-terrestrial life, drawing examples from Earth's early geological record, in particular from the earliest known freshwater communities of the 1.0 Ga Torridonian of Scotland, from the 1.9 Ga Gunflint Chert of Canada, from the 3.4 Ga Strelley Pool sandstone of Australia, and from the 3.46 Ga Apex Chert also of 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" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/29558701/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2040156/Taphonomy_of_very_ancient_microfossils_from_the_3400_Ma_Strelley_Pool_Formation_and_1900_Ma_Gunflint_Formation_New_insights_using_a_focused_ion_beam">Taphonomy of very ancient microfossils from the ∼3400 Ma Strelley Pool Formation and ∼1900 Ma Gunflint Formation: New insights using a focused ion beam. </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b751cd9aff222c8c7d264b232c1993e2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":29558701,"asset_id":2040156,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29558701/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2040156"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2040156"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2040156; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2040156]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2040156]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2040156; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2040156']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2040156, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b751cd9aff222c8c7d264b232c1993e2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2040156]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2040156,"title":"Taphonomy of very ancient microfossils from the ∼3400 Ma Strelley Pool Formation and ∼1900 Ma Gunflint Formation: New insights using a focused ion beam. ","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Focused ion beam (FIB) milling permits the accurate extraction of ultrathin (c. 100 nm) cross sectional lamellae from microfossils found in geological thin sections. Subsequent TEM analysis of these lamellae can provide unique insights into the ultrastructure, chemistry and taphonomy of Precambrian microfossils at the micrometer to nanometer scale. Combining serial FIB milling with SEM imaging extends this capability to three dimensional (3D) tomographic reconstruction and visualization of Precambrian microfossils, revealing information not available in light 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Scotland. " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/29558697/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2040155/Remarkably_preserved_prokaryote_and_eukaryote_fossils_within_1_Ga_old_Lake_phosphates_of_the_Torridon_Group_N_W_Scotland">Remarkably preserved prokaryote and eukaryote fossils within 1 Ga old Lake phosphates of the Torridon Group, N.W. 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Scotland. ","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The ∼1000 Ma Torridon Group of northwest Scotland are here shown to contain a rich diversity of organic walled microfossils preserved in exceptional detail within sedimentary phosphate. The phosphatic nodules and bands in which they occur are autochthonous, as are the organic fossils they contain. The associated sedimentology of this phosphate is shown to be consistent with a lacustrine setting. Informal taxonomic treatment of the microfossils allows statistical assessment of the relative abundances of different morphotypes across a range of lacustrine environments. Exceptional preservation of pristine organic-walled eukaryotes and prokaryotes, together with a taphonomic spectrum in both physicochemical and biological degradational conditions allows a picture to be built of the earliest lacustrine ecological communities.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":29558697},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2040155/Remarkably_preserved_prokaryote_and_eukaryote_fossils_within_1_Ga_old_Lake_phosphates_of_the_Torridon_Group_N_W_Scotland","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-10-18T09:58:17.930-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":326097,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":29558697,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/29558697/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Brasier_paper_226._Torridon_cell_taphonomy.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29558697/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Remarkably_preserved_prokaryote_and_euka.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/29558697/Brasier_paper_226._Torridon_cell_taphonomy-libre.pdf?1390876911=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRemarkably_preserved_prokaryote_and_euka.pdf\u0026Expires=1731494123\u0026Signature=DvqzyJjiUrMw9Aqx2kfVolo5aKUShGY-ccYf~LMDoe43AJ2pnR00Z~i1-N~93QwP6znam0hrT~Jnpi18xx~q3S5lGteymitD9ozGREmb3io3Hs3CCZbsv99wYE6OYkJv1EG~iAi~-BSsV9d5XF-EfBZZ631EMJW-u3zNCySC3LHA7Tq6aXeB3pSqLcYeTG29NYRr-SGP~TcNzIim9Kn~7~dvu2cwRamjQ3LKYF5pdVoK3wtSBfr2APZTyRA0Cu23h266xWPOpOIXc~5n~bOA8Wp6nI1B4OaRTb1qgjFVqXqgq5xUPaJKiySo~9MUtFfqGdhXinNLVjWuhj9wpYo9MA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Remarkably_preserved_prokaryote_and_eukaryote_fossils_within_1_Ga_old_Lake_phosphates_of_the_Torridon_Group_N_W_Scotland","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":326097,"first_name":"Martin","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Brasier","page_name":"MartinBrasier","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-02-08T05:19:01.715-08:00","display_name":"Martin 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data-work-id="2040154"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2040154/Diverse_microbially_induced_sedimentary_structures_from_1Ga_lakes_of_the_Diabaig_Formation_Torridon_Group_NW_Scotland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Diverse microbially induced sedimentary structures from 1Ga lakes of the Diabaig Formation, Torridon Group, NW Scotland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/29558695/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2040154/Diverse_microbially_induced_sedimentary_structures_from_1Ga_lakes_of_the_Diabaig_Formation_Torridon_Group_NW_Scotland">Diverse microbially induced sedimentary structures from 1Ga lakes of the Diabaig Formation, Torridon Group, NW Scotland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="38208e01eb962c8a8db1581a0e20e1b5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":29558695,"asset_id":2040154,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29558695/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2040154"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span 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el: this, workJSON: {"id":2040154,"title":"Diverse microbially induced sedimentary structures from 1Ga lakes of the Diabaig Formation, Torridon Group, NW Scotland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The siliciclastic lacustrine rocks of the~1000 Ma Diabaig Formation, northwest Scotland, contain a remarkable diversity of macroscopic structures on bedding planes that can be compared with various kinds of microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS). Field sedimentological investigations, combined with laboratory analysis of bedding planes and petrographic study of thin sections have allowed us to characterise a range of depositional environments and document the spectrum of biological structures. MISS are reported from frequently subaerial environments, through commonly submerged facies, and down to permanently sub-wavebase settings. Palaeoenvironmental conditions (water depth, exposure, hydrodynamic energy) control the distribution of MISS within these facies. This demonstrates that mat-forming microbial communities were arguably well adapted to low light levels or periodic exposure. Some MISS from the Diabaig Formation are typical of Precambrian microbial mats, including reticulate fabrics and 'old elephant skin' textures. In addition to these, a number of new and unusual fabrics of putative microbial origin are described, including linear arrays of ridges and grooves (cf. 'Arumberia') and discoidal structures that are comparable with younger Ediacaran fossils such as Beltanelliformis. These observations indicate that benthic microbial ecosystems were thriving in freshwater lake systems~1000 Ma, and indicate how microbially induced sedimentary structures may be applied as facies indicators for Proterozoic lacustrine environments. The discovery of structures closely resembling Ediacaran fossils (cf. Beltanelliformis) also serves to highlight the difficulty of interpreting simple discoidal bedding plane structures as metazoan fossils.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":29558695},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2040154/Diverse_microbially_induced_sedimentary_structures_from_1Ga_lakes_of_the_Diabaig_Formation_Torridon_Group_NW_Scotland","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-10-18T09:56:36.496-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":326097,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":29558695,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/29558695/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Brasier_paper_225._Callow__Torridon.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29558695/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Diverse_microbially_induced_sedimentary.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/29558695/Brasier_paper_225._Callow__Torridon-libre.pdf?1390876898=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDiverse_microbially_induced_sedimentary.pdf\u0026Expires=1731494123\u0026Signature=TvWOkPfkt1NwPjLpIu-9BYwOBGSpyfY2zzoiGxgF6Ym4BD7cZ1bR911kNwjjrxHPOScCS6E5E7oGt3jxYNkkwSvLpzVtforb253sx2rr4wCuc066VGf4HcpBoM-MMWVhTsDmn528zZOlbs~LR-aExJk4iaMewA-wdWdleuhhmeRoCu3g1p9z4~k2IMCwgbCvffyIXX4LTtrDPoTsxV0M2Rs5lnloBmCEgPpbohoS~YA6eER4qzHVsH26y6FOJqre8hSh~9W7z5O6zBgKCF4OqW7RPGxtJkY1jWt1fnsODKRuj-cHxnVol4ALm55H-3agypccUzbzWo5aBrbaM79Hsw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Diverse_microbially_induced_sedimentary_structures_from_1Ga_lakes_of_the_Diabaig_Formation_Torridon_Group_NW_Scotland","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":326097,"first_name":"Martin","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Brasier","page_name":"MartinBrasier","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-02-08T05:19:01.715-08:00","display_name":"Martin Brasier","url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/MartinBrasier"},"attachments":[{"id":29558695,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/29558695/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Brasier_paper_225._Callow__Torridon.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29558695/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Diverse_microbially_induced_sedimentary.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/29558695/Brasier_paper_225._Callow__Torridon-libre.pdf?1390876898=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDiverse_microbially_induced_sedimentary.pdf\u0026Expires=1731494123\u0026Signature=TvWOkPfkt1NwPjLpIu-9BYwOBGSpyfY2zzoiGxgF6Ym4BD7cZ1bR911kNwjjrxHPOScCS6E5E7oGt3jxYNkkwSvLpzVtforb253sx2rr4wCuc066VGf4HcpBoM-MMWVhTsDmn528zZOlbs~LR-aExJk4iaMewA-wdWdleuhhmeRoCu3g1p9z4~k2IMCwgbCvffyIXX4LTtrDPoTsxV0M2Rs5lnloBmCEgPpbohoS~YA6eER4qzHVsH26y6FOJqre8hSh~9W7z5O6zBgKCF4OqW7RPGxtJkY1jWt1fnsODKRuj-cHxnVol4ALm55H-3agypccUzbzWo5aBrbaM79Hsw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science"},{"id":4315,"name":"Origins of Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Life"},{"id":6389,"name":"Microbial Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Ecology"},{"id":28845,"name":"Palaeobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeobiology"},{"id":33575,"name":"Mass extinctions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_extinctions"},{"id":61989,"name":"Ediacaran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ediacaran"},{"id":78101,"name":"Proterozoic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proterozoic"},{"id":78109,"name":"Cambrian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cambrian"},{"id":78114,"name":"Precambrian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precambrian"},{"id":78129,"name":"Archaean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaean"},{"id":130626,"name":"Lake Sediments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lake_Sediments"},{"id":954870,"name":"Origins of Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Cells"},{"id":954875,"name":"Origins of Eukaryotes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Eukaryotes"},{"id":954878,"name":"Origins of Metazoans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Metazoans"},{"id":954881,"name":"Foraminiferid Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraminiferid_Evolution"},{"id":954883,"name":"Evolution of Photosymbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Photosymbiosis"},{"id":954885,"name":"Complecxity and Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complecxity_and_Evolution"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" 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Memoirs of the Geological Society, London; v. 36; p. 251- 262. " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2040149/The_Abu_Mahara_Group_Ghubrah_and_Fiq_formations_Jabal_Akhdar_Oman_Memoirs_of_the_Geological_Society_London_v_36_p_251_262">The Abu Mahara Group (Ghubrah and Fiq formations), Jabal Akhdar, Oman. 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Hitherto, the problem has largely been addressed in terms of theoretical and experimental<br />chemistry plus evidence from extremophile habitats like modern hydrothermal vents and meteorite<br />impact structures. Here, we argue that extensive rafts of glassy, porous, and gas-rich pumice could have had a<br />significant role in the origin of life and provided an important habitat for the earliest communities of microorganisms.<br />This is because pumice has four remarkable properties. First, during eruption it develops the highest<br />surface-area-to-volume ratio known for any rock type. Second, it is the only known rock type that floats as rafts<br />at the air-water interface and then becomes beached in the tidal zone for long periods of time. Third, it is exposed<br />to an unusually wide variety of conditions, including dehydration. Finally, from rafting to burial, it has a<br />remarkable ability to adsorb metals, organics, and phosphates as well as to host organic catalysts such as zeolites<br />and titanium oxides. These remarkable properties now deserve to be rigorously explored in the laboratory and<br />the early rock record.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="28fe68a0fe841ad048690f369ea4d932" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":6615499,"asset_id":1080304,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6615499/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1080304"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1080304"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1080304; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1080304]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1080304]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1080304; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1080304']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1080304, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "28fe68a0fe841ad048690f369ea4d932" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1080304]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1080304,"title":"Pumice as a remarkable substrate for the origins of life","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The context for the emergence of life on Earth sometime prior to 3.5 billion years ago is almost as big a puzzle as\nthe definition of life itself. 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Finally, from rafting to burial, it has a\nremarkable ability to adsorb metals, organics, and phosphates as well as to host organic catalysts such as zeolites\nand titanium oxides. These remarkable properties now deserve to be rigorously explored in the laboratory and\nthe early rock record.","more_info":"With David Wacey, Sean McMahon and Richard Matthewman"},"translated_abstract":"The context for the emergence of life on Earth sometime prior to 3.5 billion years ago is almost as big a puzzle as\nthe definition of life itself. Hitherto, the problem has largely been addressed in terms of theoretical and experimental\nchemistry plus evidence from extremophile habitats like modern hydrothermal vents and meteorite\nimpact structures. Here, we argue that extensive rafts of glassy, porous, and gas-rich pumice could have had a\nsignificant role in the origin of life and provided an important habitat for the earliest communities of microorganisms.\nThis is because pumice has four remarkable properties. First, during eruption it develops the highest\nsurface-area-to-volume ratio known for any rock type. Second, it is the only known rock type that floats as rafts\nat the air-water interface and then becomes beached in the tidal zone for long periods of time. Third, it is exposed\nto an unusually wide variety of conditions, including dehydration. Finally, from rafting to burial, it has a\nremarkable ability to adsorb metals, organics, and phosphates as well as to host organic catalysts such as zeolites\nand titanium oxides. These remarkable properties now deserve to be rigorously explored in the laboratory and\nthe early rock record.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1080304/Pumice_as_a_remarkable_substrate_for_the_origins_of_life","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2011-11-10T09:37:11.340-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":326097,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":6615499,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/6615499/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Brasier_paper_222._Pumice_article_final.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6615499/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Pumice_as_a_remarkable_substrate_for_the.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/6615499/Brasier_paper_222._Pumice_article_final-libre.pdf?1390847209=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPumice_as_a_remarkable_substrate_for_the.pdf\u0026Expires=1731455490\u0026Signature=Hifga2PfD5Zqig23xjRqN4X48sShTqRjhzxwfYkfttz7sOmdtxsmKrStlkx7GEmiH3I-5llzBNYInHGVXFLIimEMP3kHBdkbGoORtZnd2bl0El3XprCcHAK2PetRsd5TdxLCyJsP6vF3nw-dBjk3AU5qMMqzAZoizH2eU54NMSuHinfGAJPpPK4LGBl2VQ8DeeIXdG7~YsDs0lRMxp9IRQv2OM7ebN5~pzTCIf5YOzIaVIvF1kj5DxJ0EqIA-T89eefmqv98SBO7V6NBJ3rGSWlBKjauYBim9wKHnpp4FTVy9s8VmqokdPIsBG9vUAE0oW6k02jAn5MYPvdIf4eRrA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Pumice_as_a_remarkable_substrate_for_the_origins_of_life","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":326097,"first_name":"Martin","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Brasier","page_name":"MartinBrasier","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-02-08T05:19:01.715-08:00","display_name":"Martin Brasier","url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/MartinBrasier"},"attachments":[{"id":6615499,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/6615499/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Brasier_paper_222._Pumice_article_final.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6615499/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Pumice_as_a_remarkable_substrate_for_the.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/6615499/Brasier_paper_222._Pumice_article_final-libre.pdf?1390847209=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPumice_as_a_remarkable_substrate_for_the.pdf\u0026Expires=1731455490\u0026Signature=Hifga2PfD5Zqig23xjRqN4X48sShTqRjhzxwfYkfttz7sOmdtxsmKrStlkx7GEmiH3I-5llzBNYInHGVXFLIimEMP3kHBdkbGoORtZnd2bl0El3XprCcHAK2PetRsd5TdxLCyJsP6vF3nw-dBjk3AU5qMMqzAZoizH2eU54NMSuHinfGAJPpPK4LGBl2VQ8DeeIXdG7~YsDs0lRMxp9IRQv2OM7ebN5~pzTCIf5YOzIaVIvF1kj5DxJ0EqIA-T89eefmqv98SBO7V6NBJ3rGSWlBKjauYBim9wKHnpp4FTVy9s8VmqokdPIsBG9vUAE0oW6k02jAn5MYPvdIf4eRrA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4315,"name":"Origins of Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Life"},{"id":5001,"name":"Astrobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astrobiology"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution"},{"id":28845,"name":"Palaeobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeobiology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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This is about the first palaeontologist to describe Precambrian fossils, from 1855. "},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/934431/John_Salter_and_the_Ediacaran_biota_of_the_Longmyndian_Group","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2011-09-20T08:28:59.484-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":326097,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":5697255,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/5697255/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Brasier_paper_223._Ichnos.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5697255/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"John_Salter_and_the_Ediacaran_biota_of_t.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/5697255/Brasier_paper_223._Ichnos-libre.pdf?1390842579=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DJohn_Salter_and_the_Ediacaran_biota_of_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1731455490\u0026Signature=NYmYSt95E3yDJrzETpLpRf-sylgPz8bMvqMgHppjkQSmxcDcawMpFIGafj4GVqQsOV0C~Rhrj5UW4TCL9LI85Byc7j08Nj-MxQioz2E-5FqwgUlRwBjDioWgu8MrQv37uoK37BLYAlenuL1HmTna3xh7KCRh7psV1jgECQjWcFbq~Jv6fh54FL4R0QK8G3-53e47Ckusig354mNXbT27oJq~~E~ywW32TcQKv5bZP23H7hpYKY4ZJnR5WilEZWpFXnEQ1d8RvJ7ZVsASFLQbyaDuNnEerCLqfNk7cS~L2vPzR07H-lqO-hy08oUsc~l-PrS2xXAfP~lM1yUZAe8srw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"John_Salter_and_the_Ediacaran_biota_of_the_Longmyndian_Group","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":326097,"first_name":"Martin","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Brasier","page_name":"MartinBrasier","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-02-08T05:19:01.715-08:00","display_name":"Martin Brasier","url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/MartinBrasier"},"attachments":[{"id":5697255,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/5697255/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Brasier_paper_223._Ichnos.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5697255/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"John_Salter_and_the_Ediacaran_biota_of_t.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/5697255/Brasier_paper_223._Ichnos-libre.pdf?1390842579=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DJohn_Salter_and_the_Ediacaran_biota_of_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1731455490\u0026Signature=NYmYSt95E3yDJrzETpLpRf-sylgPz8bMvqMgHppjkQSmxcDcawMpFIGafj4GVqQsOV0C~Rhrj5UW4TCL9LI85Byc7j08Nj-MxQioz2E-5FqwgUlRwBjDioWgu8MrQv37uoK37BLYAlenuL1HmTna3xh7KCRh7psV1jgECQjWcFbq~Jv6fh54FL4R0QK8G3-53e47Ckusig354mNXbT27oJq~~E~ywW32TcQKv5bZP23H7hpYKY4ZJnR5WilEZWpFXnEQ1d8RvJ7ZVsASFLQbyaDuNnEerCLqfNk7cS~L2vPzR07H-lqO-hy08oUsc~l-PrS2xXAfP~lM1yUZAe8srw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology"},{"id":417,"name":"Paleontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleontology"},{"id":4315,"name":"Origins of Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Life"},{"id":56109,"name":"Precambrian Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precambrian_Geology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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However, mor-4 phological evidence for these sulphur-metabolizing bacteria 5 has been elusive. Here we report the presence of microstruc-6 tures from the 3.4-billion-year-old Strelley Pool Formation in 7 Western Australia that are associated with micrometre-sized 8 pyrite crystals. The microstructures we identify exhibit in-9 dicators of biological affinity, including hollow cell lumens, 10 carbonaceous cell walls enriched in nitrogen, taphonomic 11 degradation, organization into chains and clusters, and δ 13 C 12 values of −33 to −46 VPBD. We therefore identify them 13 as microfossils of spheroidal and ellipsoidal cells and tubular 14 sheaths demonstrating the organization of multiple cells. The 15 associated pyrite crystals have 33 S values between −1.65 16 and +1.43 and δ 34 S values ranging from −12 to +6 . We 17 interpret the pyrite crystals as the metabolic by-products of 18 these cells, which would have employed sulphur-reduction 19 and sulphur-disproportionation pathways. These microfossils 20 are about 200 million years older than previously described 6 21 microfossils from Palaeoarchaean siliciclastic environments. 22 Evidence of cellular organization would represent one of the 23 strongest lines of evidence for a Palaeoarchean biosphere, but 24 this has been beset with controversy 7,8 . At present, microbial 25 mats 9-11 together with sulphur isotope analysis 1-5 provide the best 26 insights into Palaeoarchean microbial metabolisms and ecosystems, 27 with evidence reported for phototrophs 9-11 plus hydrogen-based 10 28 and sulphur-based 1-5 metabolisms. However, these reports lack 29 evidence for accompanying cellular morphology. Here, we provide 30 such evidence in the form of well-preserved cells closely associated 31 with pyrite in the basal sandstone member of the ∼3,400 Myr-old 32 Strelley Pool Formation (SPF), Western Australia. 33 The SPF crops out across eleven greenstone belts within the 34 East Pilbara Terrane, spanning a ∼75 Myr hiatus in volcanism 35 between the 3,520 and 3,427 Myr-old Warrawoona Group and the 36 3,350-3,315 Myr-old Kelly Group 12 . Our microfossils come from 37 the East Strelley greenstone belt (Supplementary Fig. S1), where 38 the SPF lies above an unconformity on top of eroded ∼3,515 Myr-39 old volcanics 13 . Here, the SPF records a marine transgression 40 across one of Earth's earliest preserved shorelines, with the basal 41 sandstone deposited in a shallow-water beach or estuarine setting 14 , 42 and the overlying carbonates deposited in a marine carbonate 43 platform setting 11,15 . Early silica cements in the sandstones 44 include isopachous phreatic cements (Supplementary Fig. S2), 45 accompanied near the base by dripstone and meniscus fabrics 46 (Supplementary Fig. S3) formed in the vadose zone, indicating 47 partially gas-filled pore spaces (see ref. 16) likely in the photic 48 zone. Associated density concentrates of rounded detrital pyrite 49 with mass-independently-fractionated sulphur isotope signatures 50 show this gas was low in oxygen 5 . The microfossils reported here 51 are slightly older than both the stromatolites 11 and microfossils of 52 unknown metabolic affinity from stratiform chert higher up in the 53 SPF (ref. 17; see Supplementary Table S1 for comparison).","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":5317238},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/879460/Microfossils_of_sulphur_metabolizing_cells_in_3_4_billion_year_old_rocks_of_Western_Australia","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2011-09-02T07:37:39.838-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":326097,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":5317238,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/5317238/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Earliest_fossils_cells._Nature_geo_2011.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5317238/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Microfossils_of_sulphur_metabolizing_cel.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/5317238/Earliest_fossils_cells._Nature_geo_2011-libre.pdf?1390840911=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMicrofossils_of_sulphur_metabolizing_cel.pdf\u0026Expires=1731455490\u0026Signature=WdADBjSNZ4bfYHFWY-rLPZeW~T~-b8tixBbo3QZ-LQyjidokiKul9XOFVnbBGxAs765JPG9DoLEDzTROJtP~mEBmIajTdTkKfwBMNEgl09cJPfs~cFLbkLJXjs1L~tG03t6VBiFjMD5hK7xJH6U8W6ekHbwJXrWo5WBXOJXRXVX36l10Fvwhse6SQ4cDW1EHYeg4car9U8-6ZXChHHct8F5kqEftEbTz~H2IGavjlrcX04q-b6UQRiAREGX44Ka7~r1va2h154WKCy4Eg1mdCqfh11Q5bwZOjtQAndMM7ioIOMl2n~x34NAaYgzF-Na36QkTFGx4-w76eHhXvN~kSg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Microfossils_of_sulphur_metabolizing_cells_in_3_4_billion_year_old_rocks_of_Western_Australia","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":326097,"first_name":"Martin","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Brasier","page_name":"MartinBrasier","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-02-08T05:19:01.715-08:00","display_name":"Martin Brasier","url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/MartinBrasier"},"attachments":[{"id":5317238,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/5317238/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Earliest_fossils_cells._Nature_geo_2011.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5317238/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Microfossils_of_sulphur_metabolizing_cel.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/5317238/Earliest_fossils_cells._Nature_geo_2011-libre.pdf?1390840911=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMicrofossils_of_sulphur_metabolizing_cel.pdf\u0026Expires=1731455490\u0026Signature=WdADBjSNZ4bfYHFWY-rLPZeW~T~-b8tixBbo3QZ-LQyjidokiKul9XOFVnbBGxAs765JPG9DoLEDzTROJtP~mEBmIajTdTkKfwBMNEgl09cJPfs~cFLbkLJXjs1L~tG03t6VBiFjMD5hK7xJH6U8W6ekHbwJXrWo5WBXOJXRXVX36l10Fvwhse6SQ4cDW1EHYeg4car9U8-6ZXChHHct8F5kqEftEbTz~H2IGavjlrcX04q-b6UQRiAREGX44Ka7~r1va2h154WKCy4Eg1mdCqfh11Q5bwZOjtQAndMM7ioIOMl2n~x34NAaYgzF-Na36QkTFGx4-w76eHhXvN~kSg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology"},{"id":4315,"name":"Origins of Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Life"},{"id":5001,"name":"Astrobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astrobiology"},{"id":17472,"name":"Palaeoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoecology"},{"id":28160,"name":"Palaeontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeontology"},{"id":56109,"name":"Precambrian Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precambrian_Geology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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From this analysis, we find no case to support a direct relationship. Rather, the xenophyophores are here regarded as a group of recently evolved Foraminifera and are hence unlikely to have a record from the Ediacaran Period. Further from the growth dynamics of Foraminifera, they are also unlikely to be related to the Palaeopascichnus organism. We also find significant distinctions in the growth dynamics of Palaeopascichnus and organ-isms usually referred to the Ediacara biota, such as Charnia and Dickinsonia. Developmental analysis of the Palaeopascichnus -central to the xenophyophore hypothesis -reveals unusual, protozoan features, including evidence for chaotic repair structures, for mergence of coeval forms, as well as complex bifurcations. These observations suggest that Palaeopascichnus is a body fossil of an unidentified protozoan but is unrepresentative of Ediacaran body construction, in general.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":5317484},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/879571/Testing_the_Protozoan_hypothesis_for_Ediacaran_fossils_a_developmental_analysis_of_Palaeopascichnus","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2011-09-02T08:04:39.791-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":326097,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":5317484,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/5317484/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Antcliffe_Gooday_and_Brasier_2011_Palaeopascichnus.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5317484/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Testing_the_Protozoan_hypothesis_for_Edi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/5317484/Antcliffe_Gooday_and_Brasier_2011_Palaeopascichnus-libre.pdf?1390840927=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTesting_the_Protozoan_hypothesis_for_Edi.pdf\u0026Expires=1731455490\u0026Signature=IMcVoyiTqt55OlmX6dCu3iHrH~92x8Tvuee5NMxMy0RKic8YCC39y0a2u3C1cuPDDty5cdZXoLt8GHzoe101yx1cgMh~WB2GfN4BpdEsTiXoOkQ9zLTvnK8B2rsnuKWQbCaZS4dZHgpYNMikYgzvXZ0yBWIa3od5MDyT8AyYmrZ1Ber0ar0~PdB591Pc-bf4zX30hjPaRGFXu9xiWcsFk4h3BehIylKew7pPJ6iQa9V0l7YEtmKIRCR-vJhnbQrpBwi-enVToo1huL3aaswhWKpczaeud0WKBP8rOAB-ayMPLgSyRajrPrZyHOSdGyI7dY4DmBJNqrG42IsN7fwKCQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Testing_the_Protozoan_hypothesis_for_Ediacaran_fossils_a_developmental_analysis_of_Palaeopascichnus","translated_slug":"","page_count":19,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":326097,"first_name":"Martin","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Brasier","page_name":"MartinBrasier","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-02-08T05:19:01.715-08:00","display_name":"Martin Brasier","url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/MartinBrasier"},"attachments":[{"id":5317484,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/5317484/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Antcliffe_Gooday_and_Brasier_2011_Palaeopascichnus.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5317484/download_file?st=MTczMjM5NTQxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Testing_the_Protozoan_hypothesis_for_Edi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/5317484/Antcliffe_Gooday_and_Brasier_2011_Palaeopascichnus-libre.pdf?1390840927=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTesting_the_Protozoan_hypothesis_for_Edi.pdf\u0026Expires=1731455490\u0026Signature=IMcVoyiTqt55OlmX6dCu3iHrH~92x8Tvuee5NMxMy0RKic8YCC39y0a2u3C1cuPDDty5cdZXoLt8GHzoe101yx1cgMh~WB2GfN4BpdEsTiXoOkQ9zLTvnK8B2rsnuKWQbCaZS4dZHgpYNMikYgzvXZ0yBWIa3od5MDyT8AyYmrZ1Ber0ar0~PdB591Pc-bf4zX30hjPaRGFXu9xiWcsFk4h3BehIylKew7pPJ6iQa9V0l7YEtmKIRCR-vJhnbQrpBwi-enVToo1huL3aaswhWKpczaeud0WKBP8rOAB-ayMPLgSyRajrPrZyHOSdGyI7dY4DmBJNqrG42IsN7fwKCQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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