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id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_data_serialization_formats&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of data serialization formats">Comparison of data serialization formats</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> This is a <b>comparison of <a href="/wiki/Data_serialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Data serialization">data serialization</a> <a href="/wiki/File_format" title="File format">formats</a></b>, various ways to convert complex <a href="/wiki/Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">objects</a> to sequences of <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bits</a>. 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thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:1.4em}}}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable sort-under mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Creator-maintainer </th> <th>Based on </th> <th>Standardized?<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="You can help -- (January 2021)">definition needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Specification">Specification</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Binary_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary format">Binary</a>? </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Human-readable" class="mw-redirect" title="Human-readable">Human-readable</a>? </th> <th>Supports <a href="/wiki/Reference_(computer_science)" title="Reference (computer science)">references</a>?<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_stdrefs"><a href="#endnote_stdrefs">e</a></sup> </th> <th>Schema-<a href="/wiki/Interface_description_language" title="Interface description language">IDL</a>? </th> <th>Standard <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">APIs</a> </th> <th>Supports <a href="/wiki/Zero-copy" title="Zero-copy">zero-copy</a> operations </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Apache_Avro" title="Apache Avro">Apache Avro</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html">Apache Avro™ Specification</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_avrojson"><a href="#endnote_avrojson">g</a></sup> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Built-in </td> <td>C, C#, C++, Java, PHP, Python, Ruby </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Apache_Parquet" title="Apache Parquet">Apache Parquet</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parquet.apache.org">Apache Parquet</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>Java, Python, C++ </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Apache_Thrift" title="Apache Thrift">Apache Thrift</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> (creator)<br /><a href="/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache</a> (maintainer) </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thrift.apache.org/static/files/thrift-20070401.pdf">Original whitepaper</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_thrifttxt"><a href="#endnote_thrifttxt">c</a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Built-in </td> <td>C++, Java, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, JavaScript, Node.js, Smalltalk, OCaml, Delphi and other languages<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ASN.1" title="ASN.1">ASN.1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>ISO/IEC 8824 / ITU-T X.680 (syntax) and ISO/IEC 8825 / ITU-T X.690 (encoding rules) series. X.680, X.681, and X.683 define syntax and semantics. </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Basic_Encoding_Rules" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Encoding Rules">BER</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Encoding_Rules" class="mw-redirect" title="Distinguished Encoding Rules">DER</a>, <a href="/wiki/Packed_Encoding_Rules" class="mw-redirect" title="Packed Encoding Rules">PER</a>, <a href="/wiki/Octet_encoding_rules" class="mw-redirect" title="Octet encoding rules">OER</a>, or custom via <a href="/wiki/Encoding_Control_Notation" title="Encoding Control Notation">ECN</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/XML_Encoding_Rules" class="mw-redirect" title="XML Encoding Rules">XER</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSON_encoding_rules" class="mw-redirect" title="JSON encoding rules">JER</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generic_String_Encoding_Rules" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic String Encoding Rules">GSER</a>, or custom via <a href="/wiki/Encoding_Control_Notation" title="Encoding Control Notation">ECN</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_asn1refs"><a href="#endnote_asn1refs">f</a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Built-in </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Octet_encoding_rules" class="mw-redirect" title="Octet encoding rules">OER</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bencode" title="Bencode">Bencode</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bram_Cohen" title="Bram Cohen">Bram Cohen</a> (creator)<br /><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="BitTorrent, Inc.">BitTorrent, Inc.</a> (maintainer) </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><i>De facto</i> as <abbr title="BitTorrent Enhancement Proposal">BEP</abbr> </td> <td>Part of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0003.html">BitTorrent protocol specification</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Except numbers and delimiters, being ASCII </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BSON" title="BSON">BSON</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MongoDB" title="MongoDB">MongoDB</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bsonspec.org">BSON Specification</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cap%27n_Proto" title="Cap'n Proto">Cap'n Proto</a> </td> <td>Kenton Varda </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://capnproto.org/encoding.html">Cap'n Proto Encoding Spec</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_capnptextformat"><a href="#endnote_capnptextformat">h</a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CBOR" title="CBOR">CBOR</a> </td> <td>Carsten Bormann, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hoffman_(engineer)" title="Paul Hoffman (engineer)">P. Hoffman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MessagePack" title="MessagePack">MessagePack</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>RFC 8949 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes, <br />through tagging </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8610">CDDL</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/FIDO_Alliance" title="FIDO Alliance">FIDO2</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Comma-separated_values" title="Comma-separated values">Comma-separated values</a> (CSV) </td> <td>RFC author:<br />Yakov Shafranovich </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Myriad informal variants </td> <td>RFC 4180<br />(among others) </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Common_Data_Representation" title="Common Data Representation">Common Data Representation</a> (CDR) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">Object Management Group</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Inter-ORB_Protocol" title="General Inter-ORB Protocol">General Inter-ORB Protocol</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Ada, C, C++, Java, Cobol, Lisp, Python, Ruby, Smalltalk </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/D-Bus" title="D-Bus">D-Bus</a> Message Protocol </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Freedesktop.org" title="Freedesktop.org">freedesktop.org</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/dbus-specification.html#message-protocol">D-Bus Specification</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial<br />(Signature strings) </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/D-Bus" title="D-Bus">Yes</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Efficient_XML_Interchange" title="Efficient XML Interchange">Efficient XML Interchange</a> (EXI) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, Efficient XML </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/exi/">Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) Format 1.0</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/XPointer" title="XPointer">XPointer</a>, <a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C)">XML Schema</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simple_API_for_XML" title="Simple API for XML">SAX</a>, <a href="/wiki/StAX" title="StAX">StAX</a>, <a href="/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a>, <a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Data_Notation" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensible Data Notation">Extensible Data Notation</a> (edn) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rich_Hickey" title="Rich Hickey">Rich Hickey</a> / Clojure community </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/edn-format/edn">Official edn spec</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>Clojure, Ruby, Go, C++, Javascript, Java, CLR, ObjC, Python<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FlatBuffers" title="FlatBuffers">FlatBuffers</a> </td> <td>Google </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://google.github.io/flatbuffers/">Flatbuffers GitHub</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Apache_Arrow" title="Apache Arrow">Apache Arrow</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial<br />(internal to the buffer) </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://google.github.io/flatbuffers/flatbuffers_guide_writing_schema.html">Yes</a> </td> <td>C++, Java, C#, Go, Python, Rust, JavaScript, PHP, C, Dart, Lua, TypeScript </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fast_Infoset" title="Fast Infoset">Fast Infoset</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>ITU-T X.891 and ISO/IEC 24824-1:2007 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/XPointer" title="XPointer">XPointer</a>, <a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/XML_schema" title="XML schema">XML schema</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simple_API_for_XML" title="Simple API for XML">SAX</a>, <a href="/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a>, <a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FHIR" class="mw-redirect" title="FHIR">FHIR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Health_Level_7" title="Health Level 7">Health Level 7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/REST" title="REST">REST</a> basics </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fast_Healthcare_Interoperability_Resources" title="Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources">Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Hapi for FHIR<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a>, <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turtle_(syntax)" title="Turtle (syntax)">Turtle</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ion_(serialization_format)" title="Ion (serialization format)">Ion</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amzn.github.io/ion-docs/spec.html">The Amazon Ion Specification</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amzn.github.io/ion-schema/">Ion schema</a> </td> <td>C, C#, Go, Java, JavaScript, Python, Rust </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> serialization </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/serialization/index.html">Java Object Serialization</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Crockford" title="Douglas Crockford">Douglas Crockford</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/JavaScript_syntax" title="JavaScript syntax">JavaScript syntax</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/std90">STD 90</a>/RFC 8259<br />(ancillary:<br />RFC 6901,<br />RFC 6902), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/ECMA-404.pdf">ECMA-404</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/71616.html">ISO/IEC 21778:2017</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No, but see <a href="/wiki/BSON" title="BSON">BSON</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smile_(data_interchange_format)" title="Smile (data interchange format)">Smile</a>, <a href="/wiki/UBJSON" title="UBJSON">UBJSON</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901">JSON Pointer (RFC<span class="nowrap"> </span>6901)</a>, or alternately, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath/">JSONPath</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120922110739/http://bluelinecity.com/software/jpath/">JPath</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121203081945/http://www.jspon.org/">JSPON</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/lloyd/JSONSelect">json:select()</a>; and <a href="/wiki/JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial<br />(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://json-schema.org/">JSON Schema Proposal</a>, <a href="/wiki/ASN.1" title="ASN.1">ASN.1</a> with <a href="/wiki/JSON_encoding_rules" class="mw-redirect" title="JSON encoding rules">JER</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kuwata-lab.com/kwalify/">Kwalify</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210812231831/http://www.kuwata-lab.com/kwalify/">Archived</a> 2021-08-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rjbs.manxome.org/rx/">Rx</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial<br />(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dscape/clarinet">Clarinet</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sitepen.com/blog/jsonquery-data-querying-beyond-jsonpath">JSONQuery</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sitepen.com/blog/resource-query-language-a-query-language-for-the-web-nosql">RQL</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath/">JSONPath</a>), <a href="/wiki/JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MessagePack" title="MessagePack">MessagePack</a> </td> <td>Sadayuki Furuhashi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a> (loosely) </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack/blob/master/spec.md">MessagePack format specification</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Netstring" title="Netstring">Netstrings</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dan_Bernstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Dan Bernstein">Dan Bernstein</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt">netstrings.txt</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Except ASCII delimiters </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/OGDL" title="OGDL">OGDL</a> </td> <td>Rolf Veen </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">? </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ogdl.org/spec/">Specification</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ogdl.org/spec/binary.html">Binary specification</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ogdl.org/spec/path.html">Path specification</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ogdl.org/spec/schema.html">Schema WD</a> </td> <td> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/OPC_Unified_Architecture" title="OPC Unified Architecture">OPC-UA Binary</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/OPC_Foundation" title="OPC Foundation">OPC Foundation</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opcfoundation.org">opcfoundation.org</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/OpenDDL" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenDDL">OpenDDL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eric_Lengyel" title="Eric Lengyel">Eric Lengyel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openddl.org/">OpenDDL.org</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openddl.org/">OpenDDL library</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PHP_serialization_format" title="PHP serialization format">PHP serialization format</a> </td> <td>PHP Group </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pickle_(Python)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pickle (Python)">Pickle (Python)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guido_van_Rossum" title="Guido van Rossum">Guido van Rossum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><i>De facto</i> as <a href="/wiki/Python_Enhancement_Proposal" class="mw-redirect" title="Python Enhancement Proposal">PEPs</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3154/">PEP 3154 – Pickle protocol version 4</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Property_list" title="Property list">Property list</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a> (creator)<br /><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> (maintainer) </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">? </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">Public DTD for XML format</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_plbin"><a href="#endnote_plbin">a</a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_pltxt"><a href="#endnote_pltxt">b</a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">? </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/mac/library/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/PropertyLists/Introduction/Introduction.html">Cocoa</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/mac/library/documentation/CoreFoundation/Conceptual/CFPropertyLists/CFPropertyLists.html">CoreFoundation</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081210064322/http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/802-2112/6i63mn65o?a=view">OpenStep</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110519164921/http://gnustep.org/resources/documentation/Developer/Base/Reference/NSPropertyList.html">GnuStep</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Protocol_Buffers" title="Protocol Buffers">Protocol Buffers</a> (protobuf) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding">Developer Guide: Encoding</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/proto2-spec">proto2 specification</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/proto3-spec">proto3 specification</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_pbtextformat"><a href="#endnote_pbtextformat">d</a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Built-in </td> <td>C++, Java, C#, Python, Go, Ruby, Objective-C, C, Dart, Perl, PHP, R, Rust, Scala, Swift, Julia, Erlang, D, Haskell, ActionScript, Delphi, Elixir, Elm, Erlang, GopherJS, Haskell, Haxe, JavaScript, Kotlin, Lua, Matlab, Mercurt, OCaml, Prolog, Solidity, Typescript, Vala, Visual Basic </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/S-expression" title="S-expression">S-expressions</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a> (original)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ron_Rivest" title="Ron Rivest">Ron Rivest</a> (internet draft) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)" title="Lisp (programming language)">Lisp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netstring" title="Netstring">Netstrings</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Largely <i>de facto</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.csail.mit.edu/rivest/Sexp.txt">"S-Expressions"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131007024815/http://people.csail.mit.edu/rivest/Sexp.txt">Archived</a> 2013-10-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Internet_Draft" title="Internet Draft">Internet Draft</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes, <i>canonical representation</i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes, <i>advanced transport representation</i> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Smile_(data_interchange_format)" title="Smile (data interchange format)">Smile</a> </td> <td>Tatu Saloranta </td> <td><a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/FasterXML/smile-format-specification">Smile Format Specification</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial<br />(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://json-schema.org/">JSON Schema Proposal</a>, other JSON schemas/IDLs) </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial<br />(via JSON APIs implemented with Smile backend, on Jackson, Python) </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP">SOAP</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W3C_Recommendation" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C Recommendation">W3C Recommendations</a>:</span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2000/NOTE-SOAP-20000508/">SOAP/1.1</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/soap12/">SOAP/1.2</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial<br />(<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Efficient_XML_Interchange" title="Efficient XML Interchange">Efficient XML Interchange</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Binary_XML" title="Binary XML">Binary XML</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fast_Infoset" title="Fast Infoset">Fast Infoset</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Message_Transmission_Optimization_Mechanism" title="Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism">MTOM</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/XSD" class="mw-redirect" title="XSD">XSD</a> base64 data</span>) </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Built-in id/ref, <a href="/wiki/XPointer" title="XPointer">XPointer</a>, <a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/WSDL" class="mw-redirect" title="WSDL">WSDL</a>, <a href="/wiki/XML_schema" title="XML schema">XML schema</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simple_API_for_XML" title="Simple API for XML">SAX</a>, <a href="/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a>, <a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SDXF" title="SDXF">Structured Data eXchange Formats</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Wildgrube&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Wildgrube (page does not exist)">Max Wildgrube</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>RFC 3072 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UBJSON" title="UBJSON">UBJSON</a> </td> <td>The Buzz Media, LLC </td> <td><a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSON" title="BSON">BSON</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ubjson.org/">ubjson.org</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/External_Data_Representation" title="External Data Representation">eXternal Data Representation</a> (XDR) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> (creator)<br /><a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a> (maintainer) </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/std67">STD 67</a>/RFC 4506 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SGML" class="mw-redirect" title="SGML">SGML</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W3C_Recommendation" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C Recommendation">W3C Recommendations</a>:</span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126/">1.0 (Fifth Edition)</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/">1.1 (Second Edition)</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial<br />(<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Efficient_XML_Interchange" title="Efficient XML Interchange">Efficient XML Interchange</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Binary_XML" title="Binary XML">Binary XML</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fast_Infoset" title="Fast Infoset">Fast Infoset</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/XSD" class="mw-redirect" title="XSD">XSD</a> base64 data</span>) </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/XPointer" title="XPointer">XPointer</a>, <a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/XML_schema" title="XML schema">XML schema</a>, <a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">RELAX NG</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simple_API_for_XML" title="Simple API for XML">SAX</a>, <a href="/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a>, <a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/XML-RPC" title="XML-RPC">XML-RPC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dave_Winer" title="Dave Winer">Dave Winer</a><sup id="cite_ref-xmlrpc-hist_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xmlrpc-hist-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xmlrpc.com/spec.md">XML-RPC Specification</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/YAML" title="YAML">YAML</a> </td> <td>Clark Evans,<br />Ingy döt Net,<br />and Oren Ben-Kiki </td> <td><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">Email</a>, <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, <a href="/wiki/MIME" title="MIME">MIME</a>, <a href="/wiki/URI" class="mw-redirect" title="URI">URI</a>, <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simple_API_for_XML" title="Simple API for XML">SAX</a>, <a href="/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP">SOAP</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html">Version 1.2</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial<br />(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kuwata-lab.com/kwalify/">Kwalify</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210812231831/http://www.kuwata-lab.com/kwalify/">Archived</a> 2021-08-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rjbs.manxome.org/rx/">Rx</a>, built-in language type-defs) </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Creator-maintainer </th> <th>Based on </th> <th>Standardized? </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Specification">Specification</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Binary_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary format">Binary</a>? </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Human-readable" class="mw-redirect" title="Human-readable">Human-readable</a>? </th> <th>Supports <a href="/wiki/Reference_(computer_science)" title="Reference (computer science)">references</a>?<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_stdrefs"><a href="#endnote_stdrefs">e</a></sup> </th> <th>Schema-<a href="/wiki/Interface_description_language" title="Interface description language">IDL</a>? </th> <th>Standard <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">APIs</a> </th> <th>Supports <a href="/wiki/Zero-copy" title="Zero-copy">zero-copy</a> operations </th></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_plbin"><b><a href="#ref_plbin">^</a></b></span> The current default format is binary.</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_pltxt"><b><a href="#ref_pltxt">^</a></b></span> The "classic" format is plain text, and an XML format is also supported.</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_thrifttxt"><b><a href="#ref_thrifttxt">^</a></b></span> Theoretically possible due to abstraction, but no implementation is included.</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_pbtextformat"><b><a href="#ref_pbtextformat">^</a></b></span> The primary format is binary, but text and JSON formats are available.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_stdrefs"><b><a href="#ref_stdrefs">^</a></b></span> Means that generic tools/libraries know how to encode, decode, and dereference a reference to another piece of data in the same document. A tool may require the <a href="/wiki/Interface_description_language" title="Interface description language">IDL</a> file, but no more. Excludes custom, non-standardized referencing techniques.</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_asn1refs"><b><a href="#ref_asn1refs">^</a></b></span> ASN.1 has X.681 (Information Object System), X.682 (Constraints), and X.683 (Parameterization) that allow for the precise specification of open types where the types of values can be identified by integers, by <a href="/wiki/Object_identifier" title="Object identifier">OIDs</a>, etc. OIDs are a standard format for globally unique identifiers, as well as a standard notation ("absolute reference") for referencing a component of a value. For example, PKIX uses such notation in RFC 5912. With such notation (constraints on parameterized types using information object sets), generic ASN.1 tools/libraries can automatically encode/decode/resolve references within a document.</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_avrojson"><b><a href="#ref_avrojson">^</a></b></span> The primary format is binary, a json encoder is available.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_capnptextformat"><b><a href="#ref_capnptextformat">^</a></b></span> The primary format is binary, but a text format is available.</li></ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntax_comparison_of_human-readable_formats">Syntax comparison of human-readable formats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_data-serialization_formats&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Syntax comparison of human-readable formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="overflow-x:auto;"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Format </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Nullable_type" title="Nullable type">Null</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Boolean_data_type" title="Boolean data type">Boolean</a> true </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Boolean_data_type" title="Boolean data type">Boolean</a> false </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Integer_(computer_science)" title="Integer (computer science)">Integer</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Floating-point" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating-point">Floating-point</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/String_(computer_science)" title="String (computer science)">String</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Array_data_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Array data type">Array</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Associative_array" title="Associative array">Associative array</a>/<a href="/wiki/Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">Object</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/XML_Encoding_Rules" class="mw-redirect" title="XML Encoding Rules">ASN.1</a><br />(XML Encoding Rules) </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><code><foo /></code></span> </td> <td><code><foo>true</foo></code> </td> <td><code><foo>false</foo></code> </td> <td><code><foo>685230</foo></code> </td> <td><code><foo>6.8523015e+5</foo></code> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><code><foo>A to Z</foo></code></span> </td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><SeqOfUnrelatedDatatypes></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><isMarried></span>true<span class="nt"></isMarried></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><hobby</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><velocity></span>-42.1e7<span class="nt"></velocity></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><bookname></span>A<span class="w"> </span>to<span class="w"> </span>Z<span class="nt"></bookname></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><bookname></span>We<span class="w"> </span>said,<span class="w"> </span>"no".<span class="nt"></bookname></span> <span class="nt"></SeqOfUnrelatedDatatypes></span> </pre></div> </td> <td>An object (the key is a field name): <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><person></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><isMarried></span>true<span class="nt"></isMarried></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><hobby</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><height></span>1.85<span class="nt"></height></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><name></span>Bob<span class="w"> </span>Peterson<span class="nt"></name></span> <span class="nt"></person></span> </pre></div> <p>A data mapping (the key is a data value): </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><competition></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><measurement></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><name></span>John<span class="nt"></name></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><height></span>3.14<span class="nt"></height></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></measurement></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><measurement></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><name></span>Jane<span class="nt"></name></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><height></span>2.718<span class="nt"></height></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></measurement></span> <span class="nt"></competition></span> </pre></div> <p><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Comma-separated_values" title="Comma-separated values">CSV</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_csvguess"><a href="#endnote_csvguess">b</a></sup> </td> <td><code>null</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup><br />(or an empty element in the row)<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup> </td> <td><code>1</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup><br /><code>true</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup> </td> <td><code>0</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup><br /><code>false</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup> </td> <td><code>685230</code><br /><code>-685230</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup> </td> <td><code>6.8523015e+5</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><code>A to Z</code></span><br /><code><span class="nowrap">"We said, ""no""."</span></code> </td> <td><code>true,,-42.1e7,"A to Z"</code> </td> <td><pre>42,1 A to Z,1,2,3</pre> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Data_Notation" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensible Data Notation">edn</a> </td> <td><code>nil</code> </td> <td><code>true</code> </td> <td><code>false</code> </td> <td><code>685230</code><br /><code>-685230</code> </td> <td><code>6.8523015e+5</code> </td> <td><code>"A to Z"</code>, <code>"A \"up to\" Z"</code> </td> <td><code>[true nil -42.1e7 "A to Z"]</code> </td> <td><code>{:kw 1, "42" true, "A to Z" [1 2 3]}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Format </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Nullable_type" title="Nullable type">Null</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Boolean_data_type" title="Boolean data type">Boolean</a> true </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Boolean_data_type" title="Boolean data type">Boolean</a> false </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Integer_(computer_science)" title="Integer (computer science)">Integer</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Floating-point" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating-point">Floating-point</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/String_(computer_science)" title="String (computer science)">String</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Array_data_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Array data type">Array</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Associative_array" title="Associative array">Associative array</a>/<a href="/wiki/Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">Object</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ion_(Serialization_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion (Serialization format)">Ion</a> </td> <td> <p><code>null</code><br /> <code>null.null</code><br /> <code>null.bool</code><br /> <code>null.int</code><br /> <code>null.float</code><br /> <code>null.decimal</code><br /> <code>null.timestamp</code><br /> <code>null.string</code><br /> <code>null.symbol</code><br /> <code>null.blob</code><br /> <code>null.clob</code><br /> <code>null.struct</code><br /> <code>null.list</code><br /> <code>null.sexp</code> </p> </td> <td><code>true</code> </td> <td><code>false</code> </td> <td><code>685230</code><br /><code>-685230</code><br /><code>0xA74AE</code><br /><code>0b111010010101110</code> </td> <td><code>6.8523015e5</code> </td> <td><code>"A to Z"</code><br /><br /><code>'''<br />A <br />to <br />Z<br />'''</code> </td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-json mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">-42.1e7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"A to Z"</span><span class="p">]</span> </pre></div> </td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-javascript mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'42'</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'A to Z'</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="p">]}</span> </pre></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Netstring" title="Netstring">Netstrings</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_netguess"><a href="#endnote_netguess">c</a></sup> </td> <td><code>0:,</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup><br /><code>4:null,</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup> </td> <td><code>1:1,</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup><br /><code>4:true,</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup> </td> <td><code>1:0,</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup><br /><code>5:false,</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup> </td> <td><code>6:685230,</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup> </td> <td><code>9:6.8523e+5,</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><code>6:A to Z,</code></span> </td> <td><code>29:4:true,0:,7:-42.1e7,6:A to Z,,</code> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><code>41:9:2:42,1:1,,25:6:A to Z,12:1:1,1:2,1:3,,,,</code></span><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a> </td> <td><code>null</code> </td> <td><code>true</code> </td> <td><code>false</code> </td> <td><code>685230</code><br /><code>-685230</code> </td> <td><code>6.8523015e+5</code> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><code>"A to Z"</code></span> </td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-json mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">-42.1e7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"A to Z"</span><span class="p">]</span> </pre></div> </td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-json mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">"42"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"A to Z"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]}</span> </pre></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/OGDL" title="OGDL">OGDL</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (September 2009)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td><code>null</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup> </td> <td><code>true</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup> </td> <td><code>false</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup> </td> <td><code>685230</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup> </td> <td><code>6.8523015e+5</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup> </td> <td><code>"A to Z"</code><br /><code>'A to Z'</code><br /><code>NoSpaces</code> </td> <td><pre>true null -42.1e7 "A to Z"</pre> <p><code>(true, null, -42.1e7, "A to Z")</code> </p> </td> <td><pre>42 true "A to Z" 1 2 3</pre> <pre>42 true "A to Z", (1, 2, 3)</pre> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Format </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Nullable_type" title="Nullable type">Null</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Boolean_data_type" title="Boolean data type">Boolean</a> true </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Boolean_data_type" title="Boolean data type">Boolean</a> false </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Integer_(computer_science)" title="Integer (computer science)">Integer</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Floating-point" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating-point">Floating-point</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/String_(computer_science)" title="String (computer science)">String</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Array_data_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Array data type">Array</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Associative_array" title="Associative array">Associative array</a>/<a href="/wiki/Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">Object</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/OpenDDL" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenDDL">OpenDDL</a> </td> <td><code>ref {null}</code> </td> <td><code>bool {true}</code> </td> <td><code>bool {false}</code> </td> <td><code>int32 {685230}</code><br /><code>int32 {0x74AE}</code><br /><code>int32 {0b111010010101110}</code> </td> <td><code>float {6.8523015e+5}</code> </td> <td><code>string {"A to Z"}</code> </td> <td>Homogeneous array: <pre>int32 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}</pre> <p>Heterogeneous array: </p> <pre>array { bool {true} ref {null} float {-42.1e7} string {"A to Z"} }</pre> </td> <td><pre>dict { value (key = "42") {bool {true}} value (key = "A to Z") {int32 {1, 2, 3}} }</pre> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PHP_serialization_format" title="PHP serialization format">PHP serialization format</a> </td> <td><code>N;</code> </td> <td><code>b:1;</code> </td> <td><code>b:0;</code> </td> <td><code>i:685230;</code><br /><code>i:-685230;</code> </td> <td><code>d:685230.15;</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_phpfloat"><a href="#endnote_phpfloat">d</a></sup><br /><code>d:INF;</code><br /><code>d:-INF;</code><br /><code>d:NAN;</code> </td> <td><code>s:6:"A to Z";</code> </td> <td><code>a:4:{i:0;b:1;i:1;N;i:2;d:-421000000;i:3;s:6:"A to Z";}</code> </td> <td>Associative array:<br /><code>a:2:{i:42;b:1;s:6:"A to Z";a:3:{i:0;i:1;i:1;i:2;i:2;i:3;}}</code><br />Object:<br /><code>O:8:"stdClass":2:{s:4:"John";d:3.14;s:4:"Jane";d:2.718;}</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_phpfloat"><a href="#endnote_phpfloat">d</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pickle_(Python)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pickle (Python)">Pickle (Python)</a> </td> <td><code>N.</code> </td> <td><code>I01\n.</code> </td> <td><code>I00\n.</code> </td> <td><code>I685230\n.</code> </td> <td><code>F685230.15\n.</code> </td> <td><code>S'A to Z'\n.</code> </td> <td><code>(lI01\na(laF-421000000.0\naS'A to Z'\na.</code> </td> <td><code>(dI42\nI01\nsS'A to Z'\n(lI1\naI2\naI3\nas.</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Property_list" title="Property list">Property list</a><br />(plain text format)<sup id="cite_ref-gnustep_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnustep-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><code><*BY></code> </td> <td><code><*BN></code> </td> <td><code><*I685230></code> </td> <td><code><*R6.8523015e+5></code> </td> <td><code>"A to Z"</code> </td> <td><code>( <*BY>, <*R-42.1e7>, "A to Z" )</code> </td> <td><pre>{ "42" = <*BY>; "A to Z" = ( <*I1>, <*I2>, <*I3> ); }</pre> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Property_list" title="Property list">Property list</a><br />(XML format)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><code><true /></code> </td> <td><code><false /></code> </td> <td><code><integer>685230</integer></code> </td> <td><code><real>6.8523015e+5</real></code> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><code><string>A to Z</string></code></span> </td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><array></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><true</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><real></span>-42.1e7<span class="nt"></real></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><string></span>A<span class="w"> </span>to<span class="w"> </span>Z<span class="nt"></string></span> <span class="nt"></array></span> </pre></div> </td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><dict></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><key></span>42<span class="nt"></key></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><true</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><key></span>A<span class="w"> </span>to<span class="w"> </span>Z<span class="nt"></key></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><array></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><integer></span>1<span class="nt"></integer></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><integer></span>2<span class="nt"></integer></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><integer></span>3<span class="nt"></integer></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></array></span> <span class="nt"></dict></span> </pre></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Protocol_Buffers" title="Protocol Buffers">Protocol Buffers</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><code>true</code> </td> <td><code>false</code> </td> <td><code>685230</code><br /><code>-685230</code> </td> <td><code>20.0855369</code> </td> <td><code><span class="nowrap">"A to Z"</span><br /><span class="nowrap">"sdfff2 \000\001\002\377\376\375"</span><br /><span class="nowrap">"q\tqq<>q2&\001\377"</span></code> </td> <td><pre>field1: "value1" field1: "value2" field1: "value3 </pre> <pre>anotherfield { foo: 123 bar: 456 } anotherfield { foo: 222 bar: 333 } </pre> </td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-protobuf mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">thing1</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"blahblah"</span> <span class="n">thing2</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">18923743</span> <span class="n">thing3</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">44</span> <span class="n">thing4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">submessage_field1</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"foo"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">submessage_field2</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="n">enumeratedThing</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SomeEnumeratedValue</span> <span class="n">thing5</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">123.456</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">extensionFieldFoo</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"etc"</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">extensionFieldThatIsAnEnum</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EnumValue</span> </pre></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Format </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Nullable_type" title="Nullable type">Null</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Boolean_data_type" title="Boolean data type">Boolean</a> true </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Boolean_data_type" title="Boolean data type">Boolean</a> false </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Integer_(computer_science)" title="Integer (computer science)">Integer</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Floating-point" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating-point">Floating-point</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/String_(computer_science)" title="String (computer science)">String</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Array_data_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Array data type">Array</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Associative_array" title="Associative array">Associative array</a>/<a href="/wiki/Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">Object</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S-expression" title="S-expression">S-expressions</a> </td> <td><code>NIL</code><br /><code>nil</code> </td> <td><code>T</code><br /><code>#t</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_lispstd"><a href="#endnote_lispstd">f</a></sup><br /><code>true</code> </td> <td><code>NIL</code><br /><code>#f</code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_lispstd"><a href="#endnote_lispstd">f</a></sup><br /><code>false</code> </td> <td><code>685230</code> </td> <td><code>6.8523015e+5</code> </td> <td><code>abc</code><br /><code>"abc"</code><br /><code>#616263#</code><br /><code>3:abc</code><br /><code>{MzphYmM=}</code><br /><code>|YWJj|</code> </td> <td><code>(T NIL -42.1e7 "A to Z")</code> </td> <td><code>((42 T) ("A to Z" (1 2 3)))</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/YAML" title="YAML">YAML</a> </td> <td><code>~</code><br /><code>null</code><br /><code>Null</code><br /><code>NULL</code><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><code>y</code><br /><code>Y</code><br /><code>yes</code><br /><code>Yes</code><br /><code>YES</code><br /><code>on</code><br /><code>On</code><br /><code>ON</code><br /><code>true</code><br /><code>True</code><br /><code>TRUE</code><sup id="cite_ref-yamlbool_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yamlbool-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><code>n</code><br /><code>N</code><br /><code>no</code><br /><code>No</code><br /><code>NO</code><br /><code>off</code><br /><code>Off</code><br /><code>OFF</code><br /><code>false</code><br /><code>False</code><br /><code>FALSE</code><sup id="cite_ref-yamlbool_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yamlbool-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><code>685230</code><br /><code>+685_230</code><br /><code>-685230</code><br /><code>02472256</code><br /><code>0x_0A_74_AE</code><br /><code>0b1010_0111_0100_1010_1110</code><br /><code>190:20:30</code><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><code>6.8523015e+5</code><br /><code>685.230_15e+03</code><br /><code>685_230.15</code><br /><code>190:20:30.15</code><br /><code>.inf</code><br /><code>-.inf</code><br /><code>.Inf</code><br /><code>.INF</code><br /><code>.NaN</code><br /><code>.nan</code><br /><code>.NAN</code><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><code>A to Z</code><br /><code>"A to Z"</code><br /><code>'A to Z'</code> </td> <td><code>[y, ~, -42.1e7, "A to Z"]</code> <pre>- y - - -42.1e7 - A to Z</pre> </td> <td><code>{"John":3.14, "Jane":2.718}</code> <pre>42: y A to Z: [1, 2, 3]</pre> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_xmlguess"><a href="#endnote_xmlguess">e</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP">SOAP</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><code><null /></code><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_guess"><a href="#endnote_guess">a</a></sup></span> </td> <td><code>true</code> </td> <td><code>false</code> </td> <td><code>685230</code> </td> <td><code>6.8523015e+5</code> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><code>A to Z</code></span> </td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><item></span>true<span class="nt"></item></span> <span class="nt"><item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xsi:nil=</span><span class="s">"true"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><item></span>-42.1e7<span class="nt"></item></span> <span class="nt"><item></span>A<span class="w"> </span>to<span class="w"> </span>Z<span class="nt"><item></span> </pre></div> </td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><map></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><entry</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">key=</span><span class="s">"42"</span><span class="nt">></span>true<span class="nt"></entry></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><entry</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">key=</span><span class="s">"A to Z"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">val=</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">val=</span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">val=</span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></entry></span> <span class="nt"></map></span> </pre></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/XML-RPC" title="XML-RPC">XML-RPC</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><code><value><boolean>1</boolean></value></code> </td> <td><code><value><boolean>0</boolean></value></code> </td> <td><code><value><int>685230</int></value></code> </td> <td><code><value><double>6.8523015e+5</double></value></code> </td> <td><code><value><string>A to Z</string></value></code> </td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><value><array></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><data></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><value><boolean></span>1<span class="nt"></boolean></value></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><value><double></span>-42.1e7<span class="nt"></double></value></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><value><string></span>A<span class="w"> </span>to<span class="w"> </span>Z<span class="nt"></string></value></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></data></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></array></value></span> </pre></div> </td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><value><struct></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><member></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><name></span>42<span class="nt"></name></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><value><boolean></span>1<span class="nt"></boolean></value></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></member></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><member></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><name></span>A<span class="w"> </span>to<span class="w"> </span>Z<span class="nt"></name></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><value></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><array></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><data></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><value><int></span>1<span class="nt"></int></value></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><value><int></span>2<span class="nt"></int></value></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><value><int></span>3<span class="nt"></int></value></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></data></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></array></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></value></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></member></span> <span class="nt"></struct></span> </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_guess"><b><a href="#ref_guess">^</a></b></span> Omitted XML elements are commonly decoded by <a href="/wiki/XML_data_binding" title="XML data binding">XML data binding</a> tools as NULLs. Shown here is another possible encoding; <a href="/wiki/XML_schema" title="XML schema">XML schema</a> does not define an encoding for this datatype.</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_csvguess"><b><a href="#ref_csvguess">^</a></b></span> The RFC CSV specification only deals with delimiters, newlines, and quote characters; it does not directly deal with serializing programming <a href="/wiki/Data_structure" title="Data structure">data structures</a>.</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_netguess"><b><a href="#ref_netguess">^</a></b></span> The <a href="/wiki/Netstring" title="Netstring">netstrings</a> specification only deals with nested <a href="/wiki/Byte_string" class="mw-redirect" title="Byte string">byte strings</a>; anything else is outside the scope of the specification.</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_phpfloat"><b><a href="#ref_phpfloat">^</a></b></span> PHP will unserialize any floating-point number correctly, but will serialize them to their full decimal expansion. For example, 3.14 will be serialized to <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000314000000000000♠"></span>3.140<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">124</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">344</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">978</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">758</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">017</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">532</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">527</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">446</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">746</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">826</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">171</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">875</span></span>.</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_xmlguess"><b><a href="#ref_xmlguess">^</a></b></span> <a href="/wiki/XML_data_binding" title="XML data binding">XML data bindings</a> and <a href="/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP">SOAP</a> serialization tools provide type-safe XML serialization of programming <a href="/wiki/Data_structure" title="Data structure">data structures</a> into XML. Shown are XML values that can be placed in XML elements and attributes.</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_lispstd"><b><a href="#ref_lispstd">^</a></b></span> This syntax is not compatible with the Internet-Draft, but is used by some dialects of <a href="/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)" title="Lisp (programming language)">Lisp</a>.</li></ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_of_binary_formats">Comparison of binary formats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_data-serialization_formats&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Comparison of binary formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;"> <th>Format </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Nullable_type" title="Nullable type">Null</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Boolean_data_type" title="Boolean data type">Booleans</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Integer_(computer_science)" title="Integer (computer science)">Integer</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Floating-point" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating-point">Floating-point</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/String_(computer_science)" title="String (computer science)">String</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Array_data_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Array data type">Array</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Associative_array" title="Associative array">Associative array</a>/<a href="/wiki/Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">object</a> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/ASN.1" title="ASN.1">ASN.1</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Basic_Encoding_Rules" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Encoding Rules">BER</a>, <a href="/wiki/Packed_Encoding_Rules" class="mw-redirect" title="Packed Encoding Rules">PER</a> or <a href="/wiki/Octet_encoding_rules" class="mw-redirect" title="Octet encoding rules">OER</a> encoding) </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">NULL</span> type </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">BOOLEAN</span>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>BER: as 1 byte in binary form;</li><li>PER: as 1 bit;</li><li>OER: as 1 byte</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">INTEGER</span>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>BER: variable-length big-endian binary representation (up to 2<sup>2<sup>1024</sup></sup> bits);</li><li>PER Unaligned: a fixed number of bits if the integer type has a finite range; a variable number of bits otherwise;</li><li>PER Aligned: a fixed number of bits if the integer type has a finite range and the size of the range is less than 65536; a variable number of octets otherwise;</li><li>OER: 1, 2, or 4 octets (either signed or unsigned) if the integer type has a finite range that fits in that number of octets; a variable number of octets otherwise</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">REAL</span>:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>base-10 real values are represented as character strings in ISO 6093 format;</li><li>binary real values are represented in a binary format that includes the mantissa, the base (2, 8, or 16), and the exponent;</li><li>the special values <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">NaN, -INF, +INF</span>, and negative zero are also supported</li></ul></div> </td> <td>Multiple valid types (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">VisibleString, PrintableString, GeneralString, UniversalString, UTF8String</span>) </td> <td>Data specifications <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">SET OF</span> (unordered) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">SEQUENCE OF</span> (guaranteed order) </td> <td>User definable type </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/BSON" title="BSON">BSON</a> </td> <td><code>\x0A</code><br />(1 byte) </td> <td>True: <code>\x08\x01</code><br />False: <code>\x08\x00</code><br />(2 bytes) </td> <td>int32: 32-bit <a href="/wiki/Little-endian" class="mw-redirect" title="Little-endian">little-endian</a> <a href="/wiki/2%27s_complement" class="mw-redirect" title="2's complement">2's complement</a> or int64: 64-bit <a href="/wiki/Little-endian" class="mw-redirect" title="Little-endian">little-endian</a> <a href="/wiki/2%27s_complement" class="mw-redirect" title="2's complement">2's complement</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Double-precision_floating-point_format" title="Double-precision floating-point format">Double</a>: <a href="/wiki/Little-endian" class="mw-redirect" title="Little-endian">little-endian</a> <a href="/wiki/Binary64" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary64">binary64</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>-encoded, preceded by int32-encoded string length in bytes </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BSON" title="BSON">BSON</a> embedded document with numeric keys </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BSON" title="BSON">BSON</a> embedded document </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/CBOR" title="CBOR">Concise Binary Object Representation</a> (CBOR) </td> <td><code>\xf6</code><br />(1 byte) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>True: <code>\xf5</code></li><li>False: <code>\xf4</code></li></ul></div> <p>(1 byte) </p> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>Small positive/negative <code>\x00</code>–<code>\x17</code> & <code>\x20</code>–<code>\x37</code> (1 byte)</li><li>8-bit: positive <code>\x18</code>, negative <code>\x38</code> (+ 1 byte)</li><li>16-bit: positive <code>\x19</code>, negative <code>\x39</code> (+ 2 bytes)</li><li>32-bit: positive <code>\x1A</code>, negative <code>\x3A</code> (+ 4 bytes)</li><li>64-bit: positive <code>\x1B</code>, negative <code>\x3B</code> (+ 8 bytes)</li><li>Negative x encoded as (−x − 1)</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>IEEE half/single/double <code>\xf9</code>–<code>\xfb</code> (+ 2–8 bytes)</li><li>Decimals and bigfloats (4+ bytes) encoded as <code>\xc4</code> tag + 2-item array of integer mantissa & exponent</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>Length and content (1–9 bytes overhead)</li><li>Bytestring <code>\x40</code>–<code>\x5f</code></li><li><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> <code>\x60</code>–<code>\x7f</code></li><li>Indefinite partial strings <code>\x5f</code> and <code>\x7f</code> stitched together until <code>\xff</code>.</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>Length and items <code>\x80</code>–<code>\x9e</code></li><li>Indefinite list <code>\x9f</code> terminated by <code>\xff</code> entry.</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>Length (in pairs) and items <code>\xa0</code>–<code>\xbe</code></li><li>Indefinite map <code>\xbf</code> terminated by <code>\xff</code> key.</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Efficient_XML_Interchange" title="Efficient XML Interchange">Efficient XML Interchange (EXI)</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <p>(Unpreserved lexical values format) </p> </td> <td>xsi:nil is not allowed in binary context. </td> <td>1–2 bit integer interpreted as boolean. </td> <td>Boolean sign, plus arbitrary length 7-bit octets, parsed until most-significant bit is 0, in little-endian. The schema can set the zero-point to any arbitrary number.<br /> <p>Unsigned skips the boolean flag. </p> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>Float: integer mantissa and integer exponent.</li><li>Decimal: boolean sign, integer whole value, integer fractional.</li></ul></div> </td> <td>Length prefixed integer-encoded Unicode. Integers may represent enumerations or string table entries instead. </td> <td>Length prefixed set of items. </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Not in protocol. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/FlatBuffers" title="FlatBuffers">FlatBuffers</a> </td> <td>Encoded as absence of field in parent object </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>True: <code>\x01</code></li><li>False: <code>\x00</code></li></ul></div> <p>(1 byte) </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Little-endian" class="mw-redirect" title="Little-endian">Little-endian</a> <a href="/wiki/2%27s_complement" class="mw-redirect" title="2's complement">2's complement</a> signed and unsigned 8/16/32/64 bits </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Single-precision_floating-point_format" title="Single-precision floating-point format">Floats</a>: <a href="/wiki/Little-endian" class="mw-redirect" title="Little-endian">little-endian</a> <a href="/wiki/Binary32" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary32">binary32</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Double-precision_floating-point_format" title="Double-precision floating-point format">Doubles</a>: <a href="/wiki/Little-endian" class="mw-redirect" title="Little-endian">little-endian</a> <a href="/wiki/Binary64" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary64">binary64</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>-encoded, preceded by 32-bit integer length of string in bytes </td> <td>Vectors of any other type, preceded by 32-bit integer length of number of elements </td> <td>Tables (schema defined types) or Vectors sorted by key (maps / dictionaries) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ion_(serialization_format)" title="Ion (serialization format)">Ion</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><code>\x0f</code><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>True: <code>\x11</code></li><li>False: <code>\x10</code></li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>Positive <code>\x2x</code>, negative <code>\x3x</code></li><li>Zero is always encoded in tag byte.</li><li>BigInts over 13 bytes (104 bits) have 1+ byte overhead for length</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><code>\x44</code> (32-bit float)</li><li><code>\x48</code> (64-bit float)</li><li>Zero is always encoded in tag byte.</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>: <code>\x8x</code></li><li>Other strings: <code>\x9x</code></li><li>Arbitrary length and overhead</li></ul></div> </td> <td><code>\xbx</code> Arbitrary length and overhead. Length in octets. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>Structs (numbered fields): <code>\xdx</code></li><li>Annotations (named fields): <code>\xex</code></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/MessagePack" title="MessagePack">MessagePack</a> </td> <td><code>\xc0</code> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>True: <code>\xc3</code></li><li>False: <code>\xc2</code></li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>Single byte "fixnum" (values <span class="nowrap">−32 – 127</span>)</li><li><i>or</i> typecode (1 byte) + big-endian (u)int8/16/32/64</li></ul></div> </td> <td>Typecode (1 byte) + IEEE single/double </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>Typecode + up to 15 bytes</li><li><i>or</i> typecode + length as uint8/16/32 + bytes;</li></ul></div> <p>encoding is unspecified<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>As "fixarray" (single-byte prefix + up to 15 array items)</li><li><i>or</i> typecode (1 byte) + 2–4 bytes length + array items</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>As "fixmap" (single-byte prefix + up to 15 key-value pairs)</li><li><i>or</i> typecode (1 byte) + 2–4 bytes length + key-value pairs</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Netstring" title="Netstring">Netstrings</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Not in protocol. </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Not in protocol. </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Not in protocol. </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Not in protocol. </td> <td>Length-encoded as an ASCII string + ':' + data + ','<br /> <p>Length counts only octets between ':' and ',' </p> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Not in protocol. </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Not in protocol. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/OGDL" title="OGDL">OGDL</a> Binary </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Property_list" title="Property list">Property list</a><br />(binary format) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Protocol_Buffers" title="Protocol Buffers">Protocol Buffers</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>Variable encoding length signed 32-bit: varint encoding of "ZigZag"-encoded value <code>(n << 1) <a href="/wiki/XOR" class="mw-redirect" title="XOR">XOR</a> (n >> 31)</code></li><li>Variable encoding length signed 64-bit: varint encoding of "ZigZag"-encoded <code>(n << 1) XOR (n >> 63)</code></li><li>Constant encoding length 32-bit: 32 bits in <a href="/wiki/Little-endian" class="mw-redirect" title="Little-endian">little-endian</a> <a href="/wiki/2%27s_complement" class="mw-redirect" title="2's complement">2's complement</a></li><li>Constant encoding length 64-bit: 64 bits in <a href="/wiki/Little-endian" class="mw-redirect" title="Little-endian">little-endian</a> <a href="/wiki/2%27s_complement" class="mw-redirect" title="2's complement">2's complement</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Single-precision_floating-point_format" title="Single-precision floating-point format">Floats</a>: <a href="/wiki/Little-endian" class="mw-redirect" title="Little-endian">little-endian</a> <a href="/wiki/Binary32" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary32">binary32</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Double-precision_floating-point_format" title="Double-precision floating-point format">Doubles</a>: <a href="/wiki/Little-endian" class="mw-redirect" title="Little-endian">little-endian</a> <a href="/wiki/Binary64" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary64">binary64</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>-encoded, preceded by varint-encoded integer length of string in bytes </td> <td>Repeated value with the same tag or, for varint-encoded integers only, values packed contiguously and prefixed by tag and total byte length </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Smile_(data_interchange_format)" title="Smile (data interchange format)">Smile</a> </td> <td><code>\x21</code> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>True: <code>\x23</code></li><li>False: <code>\x22</code></li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>Single byte "small" (values <span class="nowrap">−16 – 15</span> encoded as <span class="nowrap"><code>\xc0</code>–<code>\xdf</code></span>),</li><li>zigzag-encoded <code>varint</code>s (1–11 data bytes), or <code>BigInteger</code></li></ul></div> </td> <td>IEEE single/double, <code>BigDecimal</code> </td> <td>Length-prefixed "short" Strings (up to 64 bytes), marker-terminated "long" Strings and (optional) back-references </td> <td>Arbitrary-length heterogenous arrays with end-marker </td> <td>Arbitrary-length key/value pairs with end-marker </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/SDXF" title="SDXF">Structured Data eXchange Formats</a> (SDXF) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Big-endian signed 24-bit or 32-bit integer </td> <td>Big-endian IEEE double </td> <td>Either <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> or ISO 8859-1 encoded </td> <td>List of elements with identical ID and size, preceded by array header with int16 length </td> <td>Chunks can contain other chunks to arbitrary depth. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Thrift_(protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrift (protocol)">Thrift</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Any XML based representation can be compressed, or generated as, using EXI – <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-exi-20140211/Overview.html">"Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) Format 1.0 (Second Edition)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Efficient+XML+Interchange+%28EXI%29+Format+1.0+%28Second+Edition%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2014%2FREC-exi-20140211%2FOverview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+data-serialization+formats" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – which is a "Schema Informed" (as opposed to schema-required, or schema-less) binary compression standard for XML.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">All basic Ion types have a null variant, as its 0xXf tag. Any tag beginning with 0x0X other than 0x0f defines ignored padding.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Interpretation of Netstrings is entirely application- or schema-dependent.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_data-serialization_formats&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_document-markup_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of document-markup languages">Comparison of document-markup languages</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_data-serialization_formats&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thrift.apache.org/">Apache Thrift</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBormann2018" class="citation web cs1">Bormann, Carsten (2018-12-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack/issues/258#issuecomment-449978394">"CBOR relationship with msgpack"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=CBOR+relationship+with+msgpack&rft.date=2018-12-26&rft.aulast=Bormann&rft.aufirst=Carsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmsgpack%2Fmsgpack%2Fissues%2F258%23issuecomment-449978394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+data-serialization+formats" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/edn-format/edn/wiki/Implementations">"Implementations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Implementations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fedn-format%2Fedn%2Fwiki%2FImplementations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+data-serialization+formats" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hapifhir.io/">"HAPI FHIR - The Open Source FHIR API for Java"</a>. <i>hapifhir.io</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hapifhir.io&rft.atitle=HAPI+FHIR+-+The+Open+Source+FHIR+API+for+Java&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhapifhir.io%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+data-serialization+formats" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/v3.9.0/Lib/pickle.py#L137-L144">cpython/Lib/pickle.py</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xmlrpc-hist-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xmlrpc-hist_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xml.com/pub/a/ws/2001/04/04/soap.html">"A Brief History of SOAP"</a>. <i>www.xml.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.xml.com&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+SOAP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.xml.com%2Fpub%2Fa%2Fws%2F2001%2F04%2F04%2Fsoap.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+data-serialization+formats" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen-KikiEvansNet2009" class="citation web cs1">Ben-Kiki, Oren; Evans, Clark; Net, Ingy döt (2009-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#id2708710">"YAML Ain't Markup Language (YAML) Version 1.2"</a>. <i>The Official YAML Web Site</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-02-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+YAML+Web+Site&rft.atitle=YAML+Ain%27t+Markup+Language+%28YAML%29+Version+1.2&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.aulast=Ben-Kiki&rft.aufirst=Oren&rft.au=Evans%2C+Clark&rft.au=Net%2C+Ingy+d%C3%B6t&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyaml.org%2Fspec%2F1.2%2Fspec.html%23id2708710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+data-serialization+formats" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/cpp/google.protobuf.text_format">"text_format.h - Protocol Buffers"</a>. <i>Google Developers</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Developers&rft.atitle=text_format.h+-+Protocol+Buffers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevelopers.google.com%2Fprotocol-buffers%2Fdocs%2Freference%2Fcpp%2Fgoogle.protobuf.text_format&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+data-serialization+formats" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto3#json">"JSON Mapping - Protocol Buffers"</a>. <i>Google Developers</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Developers&rft.atitle=JSON+Mapping+-+Protocol+Buffers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevelopers.google.com%2Fprotocol-buffers%2Fdocs%2Fproto3%23json&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+data-serialization+formats" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.9.2/spec.html#json_encoding">"Avro Json Format"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Avro+Json+Format&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Favro.apache.org%2Fdocs%2F1.9.2%2Fspec.html%23json_encoding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+data-serialization+formats" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gnustep-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gnustep_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110519164921/http://gnustep.org/resources/documentation/Developer/Base/Reference/NSPropertyList.html">"NSPropertyListSerialization class documentation"</a>. <i>www.gnustep.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gnustep.org&rft.atitle=NSPropertyListSerialization+class+documentation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnustep.org%2Fresources%2Fdocumentation%2FDeveloper%2FBase%2FReference%2FNSPropertyList.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+data-serialization+formats" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/">"Documentation Archive"</a>. <i>developer.apple.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=developer.apple.com&rft.atitle=Documentation+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.apple.com%2Flibrary%2Farchive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+data-serialization+formats" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOren_Ben-KikiClark_EvansBrian_Ingerson2005" class="citation web cs1">Oren Ben-Kiki; Clark Evans; Brian Ingerson (2005-01-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yaml.org/type/null.html">"Null Language-Independent Type for YAML Version 1.1"</a>. <i>YAML.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YAML.org&rft.atitle=Null+Language-Independent+Type+for+YAML+Version+1.1&rft.date=2005-01-18&rft.au=Oren+Ben-Kiki&rft.au=Clark+Evans&rft.au=Brian+Ingerson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyaml.org%2Ftype%2Fnull.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+data-serialization+formats" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yamlbool-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yamlbool_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yamlbool_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOren_Ben-KikiClark_EvansBrian_Ingerson2005" class="citation web cs1">Oren Ben-Kiki; Clark Evans; Brian Ingerson (2005-01-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yaml.org/type/bool.html">"Boolean Language-Independent Type for YAML Version 1.1"</a>. <i>YAML.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YAML.org&rft.atitle=Floating-Point+Language-Independent+Type+for+YAML+Version+1.1&rft.date=2005-01-18&rft.au=Oren+Ben-Kiki&rft.au=Clark+Evans&rft.au=Brian+Ingerson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyaml.org%2Ftype%2Ffloat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+data-serialization+formats" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/XML/EXI/index.html">"Efficient Extensible Interchange"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Efficient+Extensible+Interchange&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FXML%2FEXI%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+data-serialization+formats" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amzn.github.io/ion-docs/docs/binary.html">Ion Binary Encoding</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack">"MessagePack is an extremely efficient object serialization library. It's like JSON, but very fast and small.: msgpack/msgpack"</a>. 2 April 2019 – via GitHub.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MessagePack+is+an+extremely+efficient+object+serialization+library.+It%27s+like+JSON%2C+but+very+fast+and+small.%3A+msgpack%2Fmsgpack&rft.date=2019-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmsgpack%2Fmsgpack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+data-serialization+formats" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_data-serialization_formats&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-xml-ql/">XML-QL Proposal discussing XML benefits</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xml.com/pub/a/2001/05/02/champion.html">Daring to Do Less with XML</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_data-serialization_formats&oldid=1247693950">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_data-serialization_formats&oldid=1247693950</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Data_serialization_formats" title="Category:Data serialization formats">Data serialization formats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Persistence" title="Category:Persistence">Persistence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computing_comparisons" title="Category:Computing comparisons">Computing comparisons</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_January_2021" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2021">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_factual_verification" title="Category:All pages needing factual verification">All pages needing factual verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_factual_verification_from_September_2009" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from September 2009">Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from September 2009</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 September 2024, at 13:07<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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