Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

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class="l-node--landing-page l-node"> <section class="c-hero c-hero--inner-page t-green-400 u-flex--row u-flex--v-center" style="background-image: -webkit-image-set(url(/sites/default/files/files/images/AMR-topic-home.jpg) 1x); --gradient: var(--gradient-hero-black);"> <div class="c-hero__inner-wrapper l-container"> <nav class="o-breadcrumb" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ol> <li> <a class="o-link" href="/">Home</a> <span class="o-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path d="M289.9 256l-17 17L113 433l-17 17L62.1 416l17-17 143-143L79 113l-17-17L96 62.1l17 17L273 239l17 17z"/></svg> </span> </li> <li> <a class="o-link" href="/research-analysis">Research and analysis</a> <span class="o-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path d="M289.9 256l-17 17L113 433l-17 17L62.1 416l17-17 143-143L79 113l-17-17L96 62.1l17 17L273 239l17 17z"/></svg> </span> </li> <li> <a class="o-link" href="/research-analysis/health-risks-issues">Health risks and issues</a> <span class="o-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M224 353.9l17-17L401 177l17-17L384 126.1l-17 17-143 143L81 143l-17-17L30.1 160l17 17L207 337l17 17z"/></svg> </span> </li> </ol> </nav> <div class="c-hero__body"> <h1 class="c-hero__body-title u-sp__mb--0"> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) </h1> <div class="c-hero__body-summary u-sp__mt--1-5"> <p><span>AMR poses a major threat to human health around the world. AMR occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, adapt in ways that make currently available treatments for infections less effective.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="c-hero__credit-line u-sp__mt--1-5"> <p class="u-sp__mb--0">Photo by CDC, Unsplash.</p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="c-hero-spotlight t-blue-400"> <div class="c-hero-spotlight__inner-wrapper l-container u-flex--row"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--hero-spotlight paragraph--view-mode--default o-hero-spotlight"> <span class="o-hero-spotlight__line-1">21.36 million</span> <span class="o-hero-spotlight__line-2">people who died globally in 2021 had sepsis as an immediate cause of death or in the chain of events leading to their death.</span> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--hero-spotlight paragraph--view-mode--default o-hero-spotlight"> <span class="o-hero-spotlight__line-1">4.71 million</span> <span class="o-hero-spotlight__line-2">people who died in 2021 suffered from drug-resistant infections, such as lower respiratory, bloodstream, and intra-abdominal infections.</span> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--hero-spotlight paragraph--view-mode--default o-hero-spotlight"> <span class="o-hero-spotlight__line-1">1.14 million</span> <span class="o-hero-spotlight__line-2">deaths in 2021 were directly caused by AMR.</span> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--hero-spotlight paragraph--view-mode--default o-hero-spotlight"> <span class="o-hero-spotlight__line-1">39 million</span> <span class="o-hero-spotlight__line-2">people are expected to die from AMR between 2025 and 2050.</span> </div> </div> </section> <div class="l-node__navigation-tabs"> <div class="l-container"> <article class="c-navigation-tabs"> <div class="c-navigation-tabs__content"> <h6 class="u-sp__mb--0" aria-label=""> On this page: </h6> <nav class='c-nav-tabs' aria-label="Content tabs"> <ul class="o-menu o-menu--tabs"> <li class="o-menu--tabs__item"> <a href="/research-analysis/health-risks-issues/antimicrobial-resistance-amr" class="is-active">Overview</a> </li> <li class="o-menu--tabs__item"> <a href="/research-analysis/health-risks-issues/antimicrobial-resistance-amr-our-approach">Our approach</a> </li> <li class="o-menu--tabs__item"> <a href="/research-analysis/health-risks-issues/antimicrobial-resistance-amr-research-library">Research library</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="l-node__section-components"> <section class="c-section t-white"> <div class="l-container"> <div class="l-section-title"> <div class="l-section-title__left"> <h2 class="u-sp__mb--0" >Key findings</h2> <p class="u-sp__mt--0-75">Based on estimates for 204 countries and territories, IHME’s paper “Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050” reveals that AMR will continue to be a leading cause of death globally.</p> </div> </div> <div class="c-section__content l-grid l-grid--100"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first l-paragraphs"> <div class="c-spotlight c-spotlight--image-right c-spotlight--image-inset t-white"> <div class="c-spotlight__content-wrapper"> <div class="c-spotlight__content"> <header> <h3>Nearly 5 million people who died suffered from AMR-related illness, such as a resistant lower respiratory or bloodstream infection, in 2021.</h3> </header> <div class="c-spotlight__text"> <p><span lang="EN-US">Over a million people are now dying each year solely because bacteria have become resistant to treatment (deaths directly attributable to resistance). </span></p><p> </p><p><a class="o-btn o-btn--tertiary" href="/data-tools-practices/interactive-visuals/microbe" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="c22fb843-d30c-402b-be3e-1ba2d54e5b3a" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="MICROBE">Explore the data visual</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-spotlight__image-container"> <article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-_6-9"> <img class="o-img o-img--default" src="/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_400w/public/2024-11/Microbe-figure1.png.webp?itok=9lqbxA59" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_400w/public/2024-11/Microbe-figure1.png.webp?itok=9lqbxA59 400w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_800w/public/2024-11/Microbe-figure1.png?h=90b519c6&itok=AIfvuqqS 800w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_1200w/public/2024-11/Microbe-figure1.png.webp?itok=Y5pgPZHf 1200w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_1600w/public/2024-11/Microbe-figure1.png.webp?itok=ZrPbvO3V 1600w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_2000w/public/2024-11/Microbe-figure1.png.webp?itok=h6_eAq80 2000w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_2400w/public/2024-11/Microbe-figure1.png.webp?itok=QMs2xf22 2400w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_2800w/public/2024-11/Microbe-figure1.png.webp?itok=KSXIsE3C 2800w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_3200w/public/2024-11/Microbe-figure1.png.webp?itok=RWjTMoj2 3200w" loading="lazy" alt="Chart showing the majority of global infection-related deaths were caused by sepsis at 21.36 million deaths in 2021" width="400" height="225" data-multiplier="2x" data-ratio="16:9" /> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="c-section t-white"> <div class="l-container"> <div class="c-section__content l-grid l-grid--100"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first l-paragraphs"> <div class="c-spotlight c-spotlight--image-left c-spotlight--image-inset t-white"> <div class="c-spotlight__content-wrapper"> <div class="c-spotlight__content"> <header> <h3>Deaths attributable to AMR are projected to reach nearly 2 million by 2050.</h3> </header> <div class="c-spotlight__text"> <p><span>92 million infectious deaths (including both those involving AMR and those that are caused by a drug-susceptible pathogen) could be prevented between 2025 and 2050 through a combination of better health care for severe infections and access to antibiotics.</span></p><p> </p><p><a class="o-btn o-btn--tertiary" href="/research-analysis/library/global-burden-bacterial-antimicrobial-resistance-1990-2021-systematic" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="62b3a0a2-e709-48c5-9e03-6a7269da6399" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050">Read more in the publication</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-spotlight__image-container"> <article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-_6-9"> <img class="o-img o-img--default" src="/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_400w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure2.png.webp?itok=bHB35TNh" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_400w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure2.png.webp?itok=bHB35TNh 400w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_800w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure2.png?h=d1cb525d&itok=FZX2EkvP 800w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_1200w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure2.png.webp?itok=fgC5jaYj 1200w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_1600w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure2.png.webp?itok=2AqMpeVb 1600w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_2000w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure2.png.webp?itok=x9a0CilB 2000w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_2400w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure2.png.webp?itok=lqPDwOLX 2400w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_2800w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure2.png.webp?itok=3aJu5WKM 2800w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_3200w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure2.png.webp?itok=iZE0RPQJ 3200w" loading="lazy" alt="A line chart showing forecasted deaths attributable to antibiotic-resistant infections increasing from 1.17 million in 2025 to 1.91 million in 2050." width="400" height="225" data-multiplier="2x" data-ratio="16:9" /> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="c-section t-white"> <div class="l-container"> <div class="c-section__content l-grid l-grid--100"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first l-paragraphs"> <div class="c-spotlight c-spotlight--image-right c-spotlight--image-inset t-white"> <div class="c-spotlight__content-wrapper"> <div class="c-spotlight__content"> <header> <h3>Inequalities across regions are significant.</h3> </header> <div class="c-spotlight__text"> <p>Out of the 92 million deaths that could be averted through better health care for severe infections and access to antibiotics, many of them would be in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, underscoring inequalities across location.</p><p> </p><p><a class="o-btn o-btn--tertiary" href="/research-analysis/library/global-burden-bacterial-antimicrobial-resistance-1990-2021-systematic" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="62b3a0a2-e709-48c5-9e03-6a7269da6399" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050">Read more in the publication</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-spotlight__image-container"> <article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-_6-9"> <img class="o-img o-img--default" src="/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_400w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure3.png.webp?itok=KZEq-RQ3" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_400w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure3.png.webp?itok=KZEq-RQ3 400w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_800w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure3.png?h=0507de1a&itok=_Iy_RdOb 800w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_1200w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure3.png.webp?itok=rChwesE- 1200w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_1600w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure3.png.webp?itok=xKziVZtk 1600w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_2000w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure3.png.webp?itok=PBG7oaF1 2000w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_2400w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure3.png.webp?itok=m6axjFOf 2400w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_2800w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure3.png.webp?itok=sg_OJOqy 2800w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_3200w/public/2024-11/AMR-figure3.png.webp?itok=Jmt2__Qg 3200w" loading="lazy" alt="Bar chart showing the number of deaths that could be averted through better health care for severe infections and access to antibiotics by super-region: notably Sub-Saharan Africa could save 25.17 million lives, South Asia could save 31.66 million, and Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania could save 18.74 million" width="400" height="225" data-multiplier="2x" data-ratio="16:9" /> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="c-section t-white"> <div class="l-container"> <div class="c-section__content l-grid l-grid--100"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first l-paragraphs"> <div class="c-spotlight c-spotlight--image-right c-spotlight--image-inset t-red-300"> <div class="c-spotlight__content-wrapper"> <div class="c-spotlight__content"> <header> <span class="text-eyebrow">Interactive data visual</span> <h3>AMR threatens health systems everywhere.</h3> </header> <div class="c-spotlight__text"> <p><span>Use the MICROBE (Measuring Infectious Causes and Resistance Outcomes for Burden Estimation) tool to visualize the health estimates of infections, pathogens, and antimicrobial resistance across different geographies and time periods.</span></p> </div> <footer class="u-sp__mt--1-5"> <a href="https://vizhub.healthdata.org/microbe/" title="Open data visual" class="c-spotlight__cta o-btn">Open data visual</a> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="c-spotlight__image-container"> <article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-_6-9"> <img class="o-img o-img--default" src="/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_400w/public/2024-11/MICROBE-screenshot-bar.png.webp?itok=2a7F66dh" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_400w/public/2024-11/MICROBE-screenshot-bar.png.webp?itok=2a7F66dh 400w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_800w/public/2024-11/MICROBE-screenshot-bar.png?h=c2aa1b64&itok=4sgaI3GN 800w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_1200w/public/2024-11/MICROBE-screenshot-bar.png.webp?itok=1j5zf_Zk 1200w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_1600w/public/2024-11/MICROBE-screenshot-bar.png.webp?itok=KB5A9e_J 1600w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_2000w/public/2024-11/MICROBE-screenshot-bar.png.webp?itok=7fFfg_Ef 2000w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_2400w/public/2024-11/MICROBE-screenshot-bar.png.webp?itok=vTFlnWQE 2400w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_2800w/public/2024-11/MICROBE-screenshot-bar.png.webp?itok=c9No5Njd 2800w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_3200w/public/2024-11/MICROBE-screenshot-bar.png.webp?itok=kJFZOXFT 3200w" loading="lazy" alt="bar chart showing total infectious syndrome deaths per 100k in 2021, with the highest rate caused by LRI and bloodstream infections" width="400" height="225" data-multiplier="2x" data-ratio="16:9" /> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="c-section t-white"> <div class="l-container"> <div class="c-section__content l-grid l-grid--100"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first l-paragraphs"> <div class="o-wysiwyg"> <h2><span>How do we combat AMR?</span></h2><p><span>Bacteria are gaining resistance faster than new antibiotics can be developed, but decision-makers can use this information about AMR to inform development of new drugs or vaccines. Effective vaccines are particularly important since they would reduce the need for antibiotic use.</span> <br><br><span>In the meantime, essential medicines need to be made accessible. In addition, more data is needed, particularly from lower-income countries; increasing high-quality tracking of AMR would bring greater clarity to this issue and empower doctors to make informed prescribing decisions in the clinic.</span><br><br><span>There are more immediate actions that can help countries around the world protect their health systems against the threat of AMR:</span></p><ul><li><span><strong>Take greater action to monitor and control infections</strong>, globally, nationally and within individual hospitals.</span></li><li><span><strong>Accelerate our support for infection prevention and control</strong>, as well as expand access to vaccines and clean water and sanitation.</span></li><li><span><strong>Optimize our use of antibiotics unrelated to treating human disease</strong>, such as in food and animal production – taking a</span><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/index.html"><span> One Health </span></a><span>approach and recognizing the interconnection between human and animal health.</span></li><li><span><strong>Be thoughtful about our use of antimicrobial treatments</strong> – expanding access to lifesaving antibiotics where needed, minimizing use where it is not necessary to improve human health, and acting according to the</span><a href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241509763"><span> World Health Organization</span></a><span> Global Action Plan and AWaRE guidelines.</span></li><li><span><strong>Increase funding at every stage of the development pipeline</strong> for new antimicrobials targeting priority pathogens – from research for high-priority bacteria, such as </span><em>K. pneumoniae</em><span> and </span><em>E. coli</em><span>, to securing access through innovative market solutions.</span></li></ul><p><a class="o-btn o-btn--secondary" href="/research-analysis/library/global-burden-bacterial-antimicrobial-resistance-1990-2021-systematic" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="62b3a0a2-e709-48c5-9e03-6a7269da6399" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050">Read the research</a></p><p> </p><h2>See the impact in your country</h2><p><span>We developed individual country briefings on AMR for 204 countries and territories. These briefings are intended for key stakeholders working on AMR to help raise awareness of the real burden of antimicrobial resistance across different countries and regions.</span></p><p><a class="o-btn o-btn--secondary" href="/antimicrobial-resistance/policy-briefings" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="2c2fd3f2-6eb1-4fb6-98a2-5a49aeb8aa07" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="AMR policy briefings by country">View policy briefings</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="c-section t-blue-100"> <div class="l-container"> <div class="c-section__content l-grid l-grid--100"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first l-paragraphs"> <div class="c-accordion"> <h2 class="c-accordion__title">Common questions about AMR</h2> <div class="c-accordion__items"> <div class="o-accordion-item js-accordion"> <h3 class="h4 u-sp__mb--0"> <button aria-expanded="" class="o-accordion-item__button js-accordion__button" aria-controls="details-260" data-id="260" id="summary-260" > <span class="o-accordion-item__title"> What is antimicrobial resistance (AMR)? <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M256 417.9l17-17L465 209l17-17L448 158.1l-17 17-175 175L81 175l-17-17L30.1 192l17 17L239 401l17 17z"/></svg> </span> </button> </h3> <div id="details-260" role="region" aria-labelledby="summary-260" class="o-accordion-item__content" hidden > <div class="o-wysiwyg field field--name-field-body field--type-text-long"><p><span>Antimicrobial resistance occurs when changes in bacteria or other pathogens cause the drugs used to treat infections to become less effective.</span></p></div> </div> </div> <div class="o-accordion-item js-accordion"> <h3 class="h4 u-sp__mb--0"> <button aria-expanded="" class="o-accordion-item__button js-accordion__button" aria-controls="details-261" data-id="261" id="summary-261" > <span class="o-accordion-item__title"> What causes AMR? <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M256 417.9l17-17L465 209l17-17L448 158.1l-17 17-175 175L81 175l-17-17L30.1 192l17 17L239 401l17 17z"/></svg> </span> </button> </h3> <div id="details-261" role="region" aria-labelledby="summary-261" class="o-accordion-item__content" hidden > <div class="o-wysiwyg field field--name-field-body field--type-text-long"><p><span>When antibiotics are misused or overused, resistance can develop. Lack of access to clean water, handwashing facilities, and general sanitation and hygiene increases the spread of pathogens, as does inadequate control and prevention of diseases in health care settings. In places where diagnostic capabilities (such as microbiology laboratories) are limited, it can be difficult to pinpoint the cause of an infection and which drugs will work best to combat it. </span></p></div> </div> </div> <div class="o-accordion-item js-accordion"> <h3 class="h4 u-sp__mb--0"> <button aria-expanded="" class="o-accordion-item__button js-accordion__button" aria-controls="details-262" data-id="262" id="summary-262" > <span class="o-accordion-item__title"> Why is AMR a threat? <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M256 417.9l17-17L465 209l17-17L448 158.1l-17 17-175 175L81 175l-17-17L30.1 192l17 17L239 401l17 17z"/></svg> </span> </button> </h3> <div id="details-262" role="region" aria-labelledby="summary-262" class="o-accordion-item__content" hidden > <div class="o-wysiwyg field field--name-field-body field--type-text-long"><p><span>When first developed, antibiotics were a major breakthrough in medical science, providing reliable treatments for infectious diseases. But as organisms become resistant to drugs, we have fewer tools in our treatment toolbox. Some bacteria are already resistant to multiple drugs, and there are concerns about pathogens developing resistance to all current therapies. Such a “superbug” could spread unchecked through populations, potentially causing another global pandemic. </span></p></div> </div> </div> <div class="o-accordion-item js-accordion"> <h3 class="h4 u-sp__mb--0"> <button aria-expanded="" class="o-accordion-item__button js-accordion__button" aria-controls="details-263" data-id="263" id="summary-263" > <span class="o-accordion-item__title"> Which diseases are resistant to antibiotics? <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M256 417.9l17-17L465 209l17-17L448 158.1l-17 17-175 175L81 175l-17-17L30.1 192l17 17L239 401l17 17z"/></svg> </span> </button> </h3> <div id="details-263" role="region" aria-labelledby="summary-263" class="o-accordion-item__content" hidden > <div class="o-wysiwyg field field--name-field-body field--type-text-long"><p><span>Various types of infections are caused by resistant bacteria, including infections of the lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, bloodstream, and abdomen. </span></p></div> </div> </div> <div class="o-accordion-item js-accordion"> <h3 class="h4 u-sp__mb--0"> <button aria-expanded="" class="o-accordion-item__button js-accordion__button" aria-controls="details-264" data-id="264" id="summary-264" > <span class="o-accordion-item__title"> Who is at risk? <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M256 417.9l17-17L465 209l17-17L448 158.1l-17 17-175 175L81 175l-17-17L30.1 192l17 17L239 401l17 17z"/></svg> </span> </button> </h3> <div id="details-264" role="region" aria-labelledby="summary-264" class="o-accordion-item__content" hidden > <div class="o-wysiwyg field field--name-field-body field--type-text-long"><p><span>Children under 5 years are at particular risk of acquiring an AMR infection because they interact with more unsanitary environments and have a less developed immune system. Elderly people, especially those with comorbidities, are similarly threatened. As AMR increases, more and more people will be at risk.</span></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="c-section t-white"> <div class="l-container"> <div class="l-section-title"> <div class="l-section-title__left"> <h2 class="u-sp__mb--0" >News and events</h2> </div> <div class="l-section-title__right"> <a href="/search-news?search_api_fulltext=&f%5B0%5D=topics%3A4397" title="View all" class="o-btn o-btn--ui">View all</a> </div> </div> <div class="c-section__content l-grid l-grid--100"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first l-paragraphs"> <div class="c-editorial-grid c-editorial-grid--featured-left"> <div class="l-grid l-grid--50-50"> <div class="c-editorial-grid__featured t-white"> <article class="c-card l-card--teaser-featured-editorial"> <span class="c-card__eyebrow text-eyebrow u-sp__mb--0-5">News release</span> <h4 class="c-card__title u-clamp--3 u-sp__mb--0-5"> <a href="/news-events/newsroom/news-releases/superbugs-could-jeopardise-food-security-over-two-billion-people">Superbugs could jeopardise food security for over two billion people and increase annual health care costs by US$ 159 billion annually by 2050, finds most extensive modelling to date </a> </h4> <div class="c-card__mid u-sp__mb--1"> <span class="text-label-14">Last updated</span> <span class="text-regular-14"> September 25, 2024 </span> </div> <div class="c-card__teaser-image"> <a href="/news-events/newsroom/news-releases/superbugs-could-jeopardise-food-security-over-two-billion-people" aria-hidden="true"> <article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-_6-9"> <img class="o-img o-img--default" src="/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_400w/public/2024-09/national-institute-of-allergy-and-infectious-diseases-zna7XRjnc6k-unsplash.jpg.webp?itok=RtN-aadl" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_400w/public/2024-09/national-institute-of-allergy-and-infectious-diseases-zna7XRjnc6k-unsplash.jpg.webp?itok=RtN-aadl 400w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_800w/public/2024-09/national-institute-of-allergy-and-infectious-diseases-zna7XRjnc6k-unsplash.jpg?h=5b10ae80&itok=13RlZIMH 800w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_1200w/public/2024-09/national-institute-of-allergy-and-infectious-diseases-zna7XRjnc6k-unsplash.jpg.webp?itok=PZamdz9H 1200w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_1600w/public/2024-09/national-institute-of-allergy-and-infectious-diseases-zna7XRjnc6k-unsplash.jpg.webp?itok=WIePmu-a 1600w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_2000w/public/2024-09/national-institute-of-allergy-and-infectious-diseases-zna7XRjnc6k-unsplash.jpg.webp?itok=I7denEZM 2000w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_2400w/public/2024-09/national-institute-of-allergy-and-infectious-diseases-zna7XRjnc6k-unsplash.jpg.webp?itok=Q1IuKIUe 2400w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_2800w/public/2024-09/national-institute-of-allergy-and-infectious-diseases-zna7XRjnc6k-unsplash.jpg.webp?itok=czUL5PpH 2800w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_16_9_3200w/public/2024-09/national-institute-of-allergy-and-infectious-diseases-zna7XRjnc6k-unsplash.jpg.webp?itok=xQ4n29x8 3200w" loading="lazy" alt="Electron micrograph of Salmonella Typhimurium invading a human epithelial cell" width="400" height="225" data-multiplier="2x" data-ratio="16:9" /> </article> </a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="c-editorial-grid__feed"> <article class="c-card l-card--teaser-vertical-list"> <div> <span class="c-card__eyebrow text-eyebrow u-sp__mb--0-5">Podcast</span> <h4 class="c-card__title u-clamp--5 u-sp__mb--0-5"> <a href="/news-events/podcasts/amr-major-threat-global-health">AMR is a major threat to global health</a> </h4> <div class="c-card__footer"> <div class="text-eyebrow u-clamp--4 u-sp__mb--0-25">Rhonda Stewart, Christopher J.L. Murray</div> <div class="text-light-14"> September 18, 2024 </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-card__teaser-image"> <a href="/news-events/podcasts/amr-major-threat-global-health" aria-hidden="true"> <article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-_-1"> <img class="o-img o-img--default" src="/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_1_1_400w/public/2024-09/Episode_2024.09.16_AMR-forecasting.png.webp?itok=uM9xLA2d" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_1_1_400w/public/2024-09/Episode_2024.09.16_AMR-forecasting.png.webp?itok=uM9xLA2d 400w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_1_1_800w/public/2024-09/Episode_2024.09.16_AMR-forecasting.png.webp?itok=KyXBen2_ 800w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_1_1_1200w/public/2024-09/Episode_2024.09.16_AMR-forecasting.png.webp?itok=l7mE1L0_ 1200w,/sites/default/files/styles/responsive_1_1_1600w/public/2024-09/Episode_2024.09.16_AMR-forecasting.png.webp?itok=YDlZJhL6 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from 2025-2050, study says</a> </h4> <div class="c-card__footer"> <div class="text-eyebrow u-clamp--4 u-sp__mb--0-25">Reuters</div> <div class="text-light-14"> September 16, 2024 </div> </div> </div> </article> <article class="c-card l-card--teaser-vertical-list"> <div> <span class="c-card__eyebrow text-eyebrow u-sp__mb--0-5">Media mention</span> <h4 class="c-card__title u-clamp--5 u-sp__mb--0-5"> <a href="/news-events/newsroom/media-mention/superbug-crisis-could-get-worse-killing-nearly-40-million-people">Superbug crisis could get worse, killing nearly 40 million people by 2050, study estimates</a> </h4> <div class="c-card__footer"> <div class="text-eyebrow u-clamp--4 u-sp__mb--0-25">CNN</div> <div class="text-light-14"> September 16, 2024 </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="region region-content-below"> <div class="mailchimp-signup-subscribe-form block 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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)