CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91349d01fb43ff8f',cH: '6OAc_57zZYkH4ZoTpyhCAEQGDNAA6I9wypkw0Dmx4H4-1739783101-1.2.1.1-ldUQEbqTWl0.kNtyQoSMd674Vzi0O0mA2JkHHxpkNbQgF21cWQyjrBLibsPXKOm3',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=early%20order%20commitment&page=6&__cf_chl_tk=EOV_4rX5q6aPdhoRGtljuQZ4RoT5t7LINnSv_ZNXShg-1739783101-1.0.1.1-RhDtowccdnPC5BBEUDKsu849Npu1_Qq9x11hZdNG5_s",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739783101',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=early%20order%20commitment&page=6&__cf_chl_f_tk=EOV_4rX5q6aPdhoRGtljuQZ4RoT5t7LINnSv_ZNXShg-1739783101-1.0.1.1-RhDtowccdnPC5BBEUDKsu849Npu1_Qq9x11hZdNG5_s",md: "d4gMxKGBK6Z18Bhvp0IJAxzWwBD8LESarwtx34D6X4g-1739783101-1.2.1.1-qVrG42EM99lq23UWVijAhDcU1qwNq4OqXlO6QB.LSiJMpmYdWYBzo4oIJD2ttiNe06jkHfHCumsQjkaU6s5zesofGnDqeQjiDwi53Cb_X0qsN83JKOYrFbjMBqIlYTf5fUeMjB6mkCFOWqFqe41qYaaMSSX_b.m3QLAt.McATmeoSTVRgX3.PvDzDVwt37dTkl3pwArHOOZlM7BnnWJq16wPDcnvG4QGO07cVsSj2Txg_0fH9EmrMf.HzXPsUgd4m8t1Wlr3swDOpQkAPtts4GEFNoDipmefU9vWDIUQbgqnGhzAIkLvgfk8mDdGXwNvYKK85dG58tWEgXjsNmZpISwvuBPkzE3S6oKBWriNBqBq_m1wxVIJ1JFBwmxWa1xvdXvDw.B1LkoYbUT1uqvx587QUmZdWXNDnrfG5smTbPd60JqkfAtrxEG81dpVb7VjT.q5lhrRmKn14wXwjULUmkH55dHbuu.E.grziRi.76BoXqPYT0TJ4uT8MSqFJ4M41TduOcSKgoLhWBqG1GzHovYWryrTSBRSSNuV0hp2WQLmE7v1qsI74cDu72ausOJwnczhB2FGsSExGwtVJxDDUXgGS9TtxUcFtar6DhO0p7x53b.s59BeK5peBKuAYZ4KyzBM6nEonPPaF5d2FRs.oSaEeL18XVYpuKirbdSd2pggxKnRBkmrPrwSD_0gwYU4MLn3cJ.DLOnIffTIHWN7blOXBNOgZR7bxCtAXpgOpGnzJQM0er5g6iFtKxC9eMmgtM8e7Q2PbasNPu8g1nhs1_J9bnUNMsqPkdYtlZbhuP.IF0CVtjj.XrG.OczC93fiTc2D_uR5p56UQ0Udf57n2GMBx7Foe21GoqfhOxSUCZ80Wtq9TgSZeMrI7.UKSMOP1YvUNMzhoft4SbmyfJ12mBksYAR4RYytfJzVbZCtpZIVleipKmUvnW2F1RB2nxm3cU0sxd6MUfbY6SOOgvk7VhmL31rs4P4DMrO1hCiHilprsoihWQEeKUxOyispmfWqm6YCdTUAUyDFrn3k6RoZxkwpYGUIho8fb2WONnJWzpmQ0dSZO.0egrnbesszKnicXy5MFraC7mxrLWdjbnk.ESNsj.pYa677snshdPQURGIZ0DtzkOAoC2x27LmmVh3Ybo6vqWqPx59B3XDkMp3lJ1cqU0vdJzFmREAqiVStjXIULVWYN6Fegy7JeUioIMTo8r6W7apMwgLscew.6caFAfCS.9770GMUqJ8SW936OVvwvQzXE_nkEtm1biPaoGoarZL5SGcSEJ5jFa2SHUPrjPeWULMkd2UZX4hQ0K.Hf3VG9zXfWHunY2fW9Y6a0xMAmUGUXI0OOSqPotvsoNNh4k9FG0ia0dN3nFf.RMAwmpZ13XYL1hyLETqtNxDPnSAXbG6LA1yG6.qpKPi.O49jltn9Y5kynTztDOtQ.Rlu3cIUWCTpASgxaEHeNsZAZLVSCaHSHYjq8JVKJPzqZJXO3srr88HBipfB.ZysbrNj8zWLq6UgeoLtITNq6BvQsyJTxul7HIBcKn3_OqurWtbQMQKmNXHAq23XRSSH0Py78qYBDdMtyyAJgGvvCzgjc3cPI9LgwZ4qBlVBlfsb_TXtX2wOb0WxrMMDh7Mis3t4Dcx3CgKUyzZJ0KcUGTkAP87VgpHF_DnVQ9.xx.ghGePSgRUNGkXZLi1RZxbLPMLI24qtNPJwdfbDyDTTRDWdmH2TH5Tz53Gliv63534sfxAUCGSVdtUj8EXsRnLn72eMvC_bsVTcZgTX6BJZr0N4QLJk3pBzZ3sWVvZYmBfdyp9PR4eD0ckUkHKW6nH0pl3uxwbwwB8hEdqZac1B4SW7hwHCJRb4.028WvndRJ5SGRO72mCzS6PUBjqNnSoYFLxgDiJKuHits8lZcfCP5FDh2AIYpsth.nLf.Ejj.xIhufovz4EZwMZTtr0wIT4NunoNzzKlyqteW5Mssx64PoVvJuul2_NgNA.gVwbOQ80Iykn1jA",mdrd: "i89OkiWjElxC3gSHz26qTQY69o9Z3TyuGAY8lN4oSCg-1739783101-1.2.1.1-2A3_7K6zXcBN4boXzpE6Oe1kJyya31ukKdkbQz28fNblBFnsHN8t6yWDBcyYJDUAIxjmtsY7aXV5t4NRCmrFOKDKVEaCZwZUY7ct9ikZD5jiiH3p9waGg54KeSMUb3nccekcNV_zPbY_r1PkDW6PgeEq8Tx_dNRQARwel5fcchRuYIaeY6WPDYcBJ2B.n1XjrgGeWKrQhZLhtqu5RgHpNw96k9DgVDg8AbTn3euRzryi9c_MQUTe9h0RY5nHUtVenOHIXDsMHk4UDgseMCKKM3VC8kzzG0QAWIRJi52W8ETwBg7TD0_SrAXgZ2hm_0OfeQMncsW5Oqd9D51GvZUqKgGmhiXM0m7mTwrjtyCRlVQ7b0A5GiVzfxrPWp5vUbwMznwhlFXgaME4GFxq0IfCZzeKkqoMjitfeDcM4rwf1WzzNcN.gdler8Qk8cZm5U7kF8rri6xuoqUAt2VZWEj_5ruz_5nrwKR48hyQVDy.5wPmg7ZWBky72wTS90CTeU8K70pNg2leIKjsNsWbjGokI1f9qi0EhH7Zkv3NUHDezoFUPmc_XpT_rK4QXHZL6yzqcfU87.0quMhO_vuQAf4ktXLXeQ6QR_yIAgAdzkOQ11fHUfZ_rROi.9.u6LwO4bma6aDvBmv_iGdpJ4UQFPA6xL3E9SNV6RpOsZ4hImxgUTAnuM5qX1CFjhV.PNZZOt43SYUki71HH9ko2YccyYwr9LykMkOW915tBfFI0UW4hxzaYiknb709XQ7xh8Ulty82w5nZih15EiP7SpTOIy4.f7ZU_MCMpNXuaIlcQ8.lgEa1Qg7cjYHfE.dpRPty1dUVNH3z08aAN6s05BLDHn5P7upA4v3.9x17vaYFUc1S4dlErgSsZhDUeJhw777MqUN_wOc896i4P60yd_J1kQd3u7Ny2egOC0i7XBuUXGYgvYz4dyxwAezmd3QPE6DQxtdwQdI9tZgugUYBxihsPOof3LnrnZA3gMNAjWT3K7r12TGtqL3q032k_0Nr1kTlbkqr85ni4qEFWxkVqlkjyPGPnPNA.ntnHrPX0yQ6OiJ.slKCrhJKQ7TKOpaeGSpJ8dXyw4NLsHpSz7pjCIac6XWfiZcSHjkVfVt2VSWYo0B.N6VpOSjcwf6nOihY_PnKM6G2oVRw3pvsBRiuxOeOBDbdf31II7PzueppYaZW0QrU58ZTucv5sR6C4RUsNk2jlHOUwQFC4KXvkvnQPa3ly_JY.dvOwD46eHYqgVoaB7pzaXHa_rBcxPiCd2u1Bel476wbuh4sD5Oxvi.VrKRLRpEVgl9be.wzJ31W3idRk_XTg7lT15ewhCX_dwwmQo0rZJnIpVsD57RgGAE99PQ0wtYYlMeihjtt6w0qVv4a1waH27Jz3phbE1gSgUQWYwY5.Pw5ITWYWnt2hPZ6ybbF34hG04w2qTMP5xCcwRJbe3zsNd80xAjysYq2wiow4O8zv2kAdi1t9cnrZS7X2Ri5d_QEhAAK5csex2Z80rbpHOfQb24gu4DQxEJoeRGAK2cXCp1GI1wm2GV8hplcNXUe8nsNR63o8XPZZ4qX0kI4P6XcXPrh8moMbXmW19mixknlUUPddkyQqf9U_1FyQzcfj1E.SmXUNLQUxm2G4WBpAHcOOR_D_CFIS4Cs4KS4W9w.d3PlYxr8.UFG44nYoS.gMiX3o2bR32tHwDeNueNXLDrvKk3z0LVCOH.uvRvEf8.6ZDq6PZGbCJd9o7vigu2v3j4aR5gUnmSjyQx369RROgonxBnWKC2r9FAv53dqxx5SyABCosTpzGDGtFRSKd46L6HECOO1J152loxa5Yz5opHWn.Mwy0jCWRARgDE83mDfrjJM.sxIcBdE3_7zgIpulsj6d7X8R3.1gw9I3E0g2L6mEvzg3E46L6z8ED9CzLd78vR96vSjrZsi86hJJDbScIPHbWoONoQvu7uiLCGgKfH9HDVgg6Alv2uygzcwBXPqqV.WUJEpzW2N.BzXhNiHpj1S8Q"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91349d01fb43ff8f';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=early%20order%20commitment&page=6&__cf_chl_rt_tk=EOV_4rX5q6aPdhoRGtljuQZ4RoT5t7LINnSv_ZNXShg-1739783101-1.0.1.1-RhDtowccdnPC5BBEUDKsu849Npu1_Qq9x11hZdNG5_s" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>