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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chytridiomycota</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Disponível em 41 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أصيصينية — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أصيصينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%87" title="فطريات اصيصيه — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فطريات اصيصيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chytridiomycota" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitridiomiset" title="Xitridiomiset — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xitridiomiset" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Chytridiomycota" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quitridiomicets" title="Quitridiomicets — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quitridiomicets" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota — cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Chytridiomycota" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycety" title="Chytridiomycety — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chytridiomycety" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piskesvampe" title="Piskesvampe — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Piskesvampe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6pfchenpilze" title="Töpfchenpilze — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Töpfchenpilze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chytridiomycota" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Chytridiomycota" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chytridiomycota" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viburseened" title="Viburseened — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Viburseened" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Chytridiomycota" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%AF%DA%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="قارچ‌های دیگچه‌ای — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قارچ‌های دیگچه‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piiskasiimasienet" title="Piiskasiimasienet — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Piiskasiimasienet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chytridiomycota" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Chytridiomycota" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajz%C3%B3sp%C3%B3r%C3%A1s_gomb%C3%A1k" title="Rajzóspórás gombák — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rajzóspórás gombák" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Chytridiomycota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kytrusveppir" title="Kytrusveppir — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kytrusveppir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chytridiomycota" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%83%9C%E3%82%AB%E3%83%93%E9%96%80" title="ツボカビ門 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツボカビ門" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EC%83%81%EA%B7%A0%EB%A5%98" title="호상균류 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호상균류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitridiomikotai" title="Chitridiomikotai — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chitridiomikotai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitridiomikotas" title="Hitridiomikotas — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hitridiomikotas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chytridiomycota" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algesopper" title="Algesopper — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Algesopper" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skoczkowce_(grzyby)" title="Skoczkowce (grzyby) — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skoczkowce (grzyby)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chytridiomycota" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Хитридиомицеты — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хитридиомицеты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chytridiomycota" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisselsvampar" title="Gisselsvampar — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gisselsvampar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Chytridiomycota" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Хітридіомікотові гриби — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хітридіомікотові гриби" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chytridiomycota" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitridiomicete" title="Kitridiomicete — valão" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Kitridiomicete" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Chytridiomycota" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%B6%E8%8F%8C%E9%97%A8" title="壶菌门 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="壶菌门" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%BA%E8%8F%8C" title="壺菌 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="壺菌" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q473747#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:280px; background:white; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="topo padrao" style="padding:5px; text-align:center; font-size:medium; background:#93C9FF;"><span class=""><span class="noprint" style="position:relative; float:right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Como_ler_uma_caixa_taxon%C3%B3mica" title="Como ler uma infocaixa de taxonomia"><img alt="Como ler uma infocaixa de taxonomia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/15px-Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/23px-Information_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/30px-Information_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a></span></span>Chytridiomycota<br /><small>Chytridiomycotina</small></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="display:inline-block; margin:-2px 0 0 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Spizellomycete.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esporângio de um spizellomiceto."><img alt="Esporângio de um spizellomiceto." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Spizellomycete.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="279" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="272" /></a></span><br /><span style="display:block;padding:5px; font-size:0.9em">Esporângio de um <a href="/wiki/Spizellomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Spizellomycetes">spizellomiceto</a>.</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:5px; background:#93C9FF;"><a href="/wiki/Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cient%C3%ADfica" title="Classificação científica">Classificação científica</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;" colspan="2"> <table style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left; vertical-align:top;" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dom%C3%ADnio_(biologia)" title="Domínio (biologia)">Domínio</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Reino_(biologia)" title="Reino (biologia)">Reino</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Divis%C3%A3o_(biologia)" title="Divisão (biologia)">Divisão</a>: </td> <td><b>Chytridiomycota</b><br /><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hibbett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hibbett (página não existe)">Hibbett</a> <i>et al.</i> (2007)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Divis%C3%A3o_(biologia)" title="Divisão (biologia)">Subdivisão</a>: </td> <td><b>Chytridiomycotina</b><br /><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tedersoo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tedersoo (página não existe)">Tedersoo</a> <i>et al</i>, 2018<sup id="cite_ref-tedersoo_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tedersoo-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:5px; background:#93C9FF;">Classes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; text-align:left;padding:5px" colspan="2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chytridiomycetes" title="Chytridiomycetes">Chytridiomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cladochytriomycetes" title="Cladochytriomycetes">Cladochytriomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobulomycetes" title="Lobulomycetes">Lobulomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesochytriomycetes" title="Mesochytriomycetes">Mesochytriomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polychytriomycetes" title="Polychytriomycetes">Polychytriomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizophlyctidomycetes" title="Rhizophlyctidomycetes">Rhizophlyctidomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizophydiomycetes" title="Rhizophydiomycetes">Rhizophydiomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spizellomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Spizellomycetes">Spizellomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchytriomycetes" title="Synchytriomycetes">Synchytriomycetes</a></li> <li>Géneros em <i><a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">incertae sedis</a></i> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brijax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brijax (página não existe)">Brijax</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illmanomyces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Illmanomyces (página não existe)">Illmanomyces</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myrmicinosporidium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myrmicinosporidium (página não existe)">Myrmicinosporidium</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perexiflasca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perexiflasca (página não existe)">Perexiflasca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thalassochytrium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thalassochytrium (página não existe)">Thalassochytrium</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Chytrid_parasites_of_marine_diatoms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Chytrid_parasites_of_marine_diatoms.jpg/283px-Chytrid_parasites_of_marine_diatoms.jpg" decoding="async" width="283" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Chytrid_parasites_of_marine_diatoms.jpg/425px-Chytrid_parasites_of_marine_diatoms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Chytrid_parasites_of_marine_diatoms.jpg/566px-Chytrid_parasites_of_marine_diatoms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>Parasitas quitrídios de diatomáceas marinhas. (A) Esporângios de quitrídios em <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleurosigma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pleurosigma (página não existe)">Pleurosigma</a></i> sp. A seta branca indica o poro de descarga operculada. (B) Rizóides (seta branca) estendendo-se para o hospedeiro diatomáceo. (C) Agregados de <a href="/wiki/Clorofila" title="Clorofila">clorofila</a> localizados nos locais de infeção (setas brancas). (D) e (E) Hospedeiros únicos com múltiplos zoosporângios em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento. A seta branca no painel (E) destaca os rizoides ramificados. (F) esporângios semelhantes a quitrídios endobióticos dentro da <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%BAstula" title="Frústula">frústula</a> de <a href="/wiki/Diatom%C3%A1cea" title="Diatomácea">diatomáceas</a>; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> barras = 10 μm .</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Pennate_diatom_infected_with_two_chytrid-like_fungal_pathogens.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Pennate_diatom_infected_with_two_chytrid-like_fungal_pathogens.png/283px-Pennate_diatom_infected_with_two_chytrid-like_fungal_pathogens.png" decoding="async" width="283" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Pennate_diatom_infected_with_two_chytrid-like_fungal_pathogens.png/425px-Pennate_diatom_infected_with_two_chytrid-like_fungal_pathogens.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Pennate_diatom_infected_with_two_chytrid-like_fungal_pathogens.png/566px-Pennate_diatom_infected_with_two_chytrid-like_fungal_pathogens.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Diatom%C3%A1cea_penada" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatomácea penada">Diatomácea penada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pennales" title="Pennales">Pennales</a>) de uma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lagoa_de_fus%C3%A3o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lagoa de fusão (página não existe)">lagoa de fusão</a> (<i>melt pond</i>) do Ártico infetada por dois fungos zoosporangiados do grupo dos quitrídios (coloridos com falsa cor vermelha).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Holomycota.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Holomycota.jpg/283px-Holomycota.jpg" decoding="async" width="283" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Holomycota.jpg/425px-Holomycota.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Holomycota.jpg/566px-Holomycota.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>Estruturação filogenética dos Fungi.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Chytridiomycota</b> (<a href="/wiki/Grego_antigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Grego antigo">grego</a> <span lang="el" class="politonico"><span class="texhtml">χυτρίδιον</span></span>; <i>khutrídion</i>; "pequeno pote", alusão à estrutura que contém os <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%B3sporos" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoósporos">zoósporos</a>) é uma <a href="/wiki/Divis%C3%A3o_(micologia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisão (micologia)">divisão</a> do <a href="/wiki/Reino_Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Reino Fungi">reino Fungi</a> que inclui um largo grupo de organismos <a href="/wiki/Zoosp%C3%B3rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoospórico">zoospóricos</a> <a href="/wiki/Heterotr%C3%B3fico" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterotrófico">heterotróficos</a>, essencialmente aquáticos, informalmente conhecidos por <b>fungos quitrídios</b>, caracterizados por apresentarem <a href="/wiki/Parede_celular" title="Parede celular">paredes celulares</a> <a href="/wiki/Quitina" title="Quitina">quitinosas</a> e apresentarem nutrição por absorção. Os quitrídios são uma das primeiras <a href="/wiki/Linhagem" title="Linhagem">linhagens</a> de fungos que <a href="/wiki/Diverg%C3%AAncia_(evolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" class="mw-redirect" title="Divergência (evolução)">divergiram</a>, com a participação no reino Fungi demonstrada pela presença de <a href="/wiki/Quitina" title="Quitina">quitina</a> na <a href="/wiki/Parede_celular" title="Parede celular">parede celular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flagelo" title="Flagelo">flagelos</a> com chicote posterior, nutrição por absorção, uso de <a href="/wiki/Glicog%C3%A9nio" title="Glicogénio">glicogénio</a> como composto de armazenamento de energia e síntese de <a href="/wiki/Lisina" title="Lisina">lisina</a> pela via <span class="texhtml">α</span>-amino-<a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_ad%C3%ADpico" title="Ácido adípico">ácido-adípico</a> (AAA).<sup id="cite_ref-Alexopoulos_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexopoulos-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kirk2000_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirk2000-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> Neste <a href="/wiki/Agrupamento_taxon%C3%B3mico" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrupamento taxonómico">agrupamento taxonómico</a> todas as espécies possuem um estágio zoospórico no seu ciclo de vida,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> sendo o único <a href="/wiki/Clado" title="Clado">clado</a> de verdadeiros fungos (<a href="/wiki/Eumycota" class="mw-redirect" title="Eumycota">Eumycota</a>) que se reproduzem com recurso à formação de <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%B3sporos" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoósporos">zoósporos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> A divisão é um <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1xon_monot%C3%ADpico" class="mw-redirect" title="Táxon monotípico">táxon monotípico</a> tendo <b>Chytridiomycotina</b> como única subdivisão, repartida por 9 <a href="/wiki/Classe_(biologia)" title="Classe (biologia)">classes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Os quitrídios são <a href="/wiki/Sapr%C3%B3bicos" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapróbicos">sapróbicos</a>, capazes de degradar materiais refratários como <a href="/wiki/Quitina" title="Quitina">quitina</a> e <a href="/wiki/Queratina" title="Queratina">queratina</a>, embora por vezes possam agir como <a href="/wiki/Parasita" title="Parasita">parasitas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow1960-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> Houve um aumento significativo na investigação sobre os quitrídios desde a descoberta de <i><a href="/wiki/Batrachochytrium_dendrobatidis" title="Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis">Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</a></i>, o agente causal da <a href="/wiki/Quitridiomicose" title="Quitridiomicose">quitridiomicose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BlackwellM_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackwellM-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Longcore1999_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Longcore1999-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrição"><span id="Descri.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Descrição</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Descrição" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Descrição"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A divisão Chytridiomycota tem vindo a sofrer um conjunto de profundas revisões taxonómicas, a última das quais em 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-tedersoo_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tedersoo-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> da qual resultou o reconhecimento de uma única subdivisão, Chytridiomycotina, nela se incluindo as 9 classes agora reconhecidas com base em estudos de <a href="/wiki/Filogen%C3%A9tica_molecular" title="Filogenética molecular">filogenética molecular</a>. Alguns géneros continuam em <i><a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">incertae sedis</a></i>, o que seguramente levará novas revisões da <a href="/wiki/Taxonomia" title="Taxonomia">taxonomia</a> do grupo. Na sus presente <a href="/wiki/Circunscri%C3%A7%C3%A3o_taxon%C3%B3mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Circunscrição taxonómica">circunscrição taxonómica</a>, os Chytridiomycota constituem um <a href="/wiki/Clado" title="Clado">clado</a> que agrupa a maioria dos membros do reino Fungi que produzem células móveis (os restantes estão nas divisões <a href="/wiki/Blastocladiomycota" title="Blastocladiomycota">Blastocladiomycota</a> e <a href="/wiki/Aphelidiomycota" title="Aphelidiomycota">Aphelidiomycota</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Tedersoo-Ramırez-etal-2018_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tedersoo-Ramırez-etal-2018-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Com exceção das poucas <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A9cie" title="Espécie">espécies</a> que produzem células poliflageladas, os <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%B3sporo" title="Zoósporo">zoósporos</a> e <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2meta" title="Gâmeta">gâmetas</a> destes organismos são células móveis que apresentam um único <a href="/wiki/Flagelo_eucari%C3%B3tico" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagelo eucariótico">flagelo eucariótico</a> do tipo chicote, inserido na sua parte posterior, sendo esta a sua principal característica <a href="/wiki/Morfologia_(biologia)" title="Morfologia (biologia)">morfológica</a> distintiva.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Os fungos pertencentes a este agrupamento são similares aos fungos superiores na composição de suas <a href="/wiki/Parede_celular" title="Parede celular">paredes celulares</a> e pela bioquímica celular, semelhança que é confirmada pela análise sequencial de um conjunto de <a href="/wiki/DNA_riboss%C3%B3mico" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA ribossómico">subunidades ribossómicas</a>. Mesmo sem se considerar aspectos bioquímicos ou moleculares, há espécies filamentosas entre os Chytridiomycota que demonstram a relação com os fungos superiores.<sup id="cite_ref-Barr1990_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barr1990-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup>. Outras características que possuem em comum com os restantes fungos do clado <a href="/wiki/Eumycota" class="mw-redirect" title="Eumycota">Eumycota</a> são: a estrutura <a href="/wiki/Cenoc%C3%ADtica" class="mw-redirect" title="Cenocítica">cenocítica</a> do talo e a conversão do zigoto em esporo ou esporângio de resistência, ou no desenvolvimento de talo diploide. Possuem talo de desenvolvimento endógeno ou exógeno, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holoc%C3%A1rpico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holocárpico (página não existe)">holocárpico</a> ou <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euc%C3%A1rpico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eucárpico (página não existe)">eucárpico</a>, monocêntrico, policêntrico, rizoidal ou micelial; paredes celulares com <a href="/wiki/Quitina" title="Quitina">quitina</a> e <a href="/wiki/Glucano" title="Glucano">glucanos</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mitoc%C3%B4ndria" title="Mitocôndria">cristas mitocondriais</a> achatadas; divisões intranucleares cêntricas; zoósporos sem <a href="/wiki/Mastigonema" title="Mastigonema">mastigonemas</a> ou escamas (flagelo do tipo chicote), com um único sistema de raízes flagelares e algumas vezes <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpossoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumpossoma (página não existe)">rumpossomas</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Reprodu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_assexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Reprodução assexual">reprodução assexual</a> ocorre por meio de zoósporos e a <a href="/wiki/Reprodu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_sexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Reprodução sexual">reprodução sexual</a> por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Copula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_planogam%C3%A9tica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copulação planogamética (página não existe)">copulação planogamética</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Copula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_gamet%C3%A2ngios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copulação de gametângios (página não existe)">copulação de gametângios</a> ou <a href="/w/index.php?title=Somatogamia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somatogamia (página não existe)">somatogamia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morfologia_e_reprodução"><span id="Morfologia_e_reprodu.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Morfologia e reprodução</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Morfologia e reprodução" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Morfologia e reprodução"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A reprodução sexuada é comum e bem conhecida entre os membros dos quitrídios, muitos dos quais praticam uma versão de <a href="/wiki/Oogamia" title="Oogamia">oogamia</a> em que o macho é móvel e a fêmea é estacionária. Esta é a primeira ocorrência de oogamia que se conhece no reino Fungi.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirk2000_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirk2000-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> Uma vez fertilizado, o <a href="/wiki/Zigoto" title="Zigoto">zigoto</a> origina um oósporo encistado ou móvel,<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow1960-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> que finalmente se torna um esporo de resistência que posteriormente germina e dá origem a novos zoosporângios.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirk2000_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirk2000-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Após a liberação do esporo de resistência germinado, os zoósporos procuram um substrato adequado para crescimento usando <a href="/wiki/Quimiotaxia" title="Quimiotaxia">quimiotaxia</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Fototaxia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fototaxia">fototaxia</a>. Algumas espécies enquistam e germinam diretamente sobre o substrato; outras enquistam e germinam a uma curta distância. Uma vez germinado, as <a href="/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima">enzimas</a> libertadas do zoósporo começam a decompor o substrato, utilizando os materiais e a energia para produzir um novo <a href="/wiki/Talo_(micologia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talo (micologia)">talo</a>. Os talos são <a href="/wiki/Cenoc%C3%ADticos" class="mw-redirect" title="Cenocíticos">cenocíticos</a> e geralmente não formam <a href="/wiki/Mic%C3%A9lio" title="Micélio">micélio</a> verdadeiro (tendo <a href="/wiki/Rizoide" title="Rizoide">rizoides</a> em substituição). </p><p>Os quitrídios apresentam vários padrões de crescimento diferentes. Alguns são <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holoc%C3%A1rpico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holocárpico (página não existe)">holocárpicos</a>, o que significa que eles só produzem <a href="/wiki/Espor%C3%A2ngio" title="Esporângio">zoosporângios</a> e <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%B3sporos" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoósporos">zoósporos</a>. Outros são <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euc%C3%A1rpico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eucárpico (página não existe)">eucárpicos</a>, ou seja, produzem outras estruturas, como <a href="/wiki/Rizoide" title="Rizoide">rizoides</a>, além do zoosporângio e zoósporos. Alguns quitrídios são monocêntricos, o que significa que um único zoósporo dá origem a um único zoosporângio. Outros são policêntricos, o que significa que um zoósporo dá origem a vários zoosporângios conectados por um rizomicélio. Os rizoides não têm núcleos, enquanto um rizomicélio os pode ter.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirk2000_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirk2000-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O crescimento continua até que um novo grupo de zoósporos esteja pronto para ser libertado. Os quitrídios têm um conjunto diversificado de mecanismos de libertação de esporos que podem ser agrupados nas amplas categorias de operculados ou inoperculados. A descarga operculada envolve o desprendimento completo ou incompleto de uma estrutura semelhante a uma tampa, chamada opérculo, permitindo que os zoósporos saiam do esporângio. Os quitrídios inoperculados libertam os zoósporos através de poros, fendas ou papilas.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow1960-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ciclo_de_vida">Ciclo de vida</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Ciclo de vida" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ciclo de vida"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os quitrídios são variadas em sua forma de vida, em suas interações sexuais e principalmente no <a href="/wiki/Ciclo_de_vida" title="Ciclo de vida">ciclo de vida</a>. A meiose e a mitose lembram os mesmos processos ocorrentes em outros fungos. São intranucleares, ou seja, o envoltório permanece intacto até à <a href="/wiki/Tel%C3%B3fase" title="Telófase">telófase</a> tardia. Distinguem-se dos outros fungos principalmente pelas células móveis características (zoósporos e gâmetas), a maioria contendo apenas um único flagelo liso e posterior. Os quitrídios exibem vários modos de reprodução, algumas não desenvolvem <a href="/wiki/Mic%C3%A9lio" title="Micélio">micélio</a> e outras tem rizoides finos. </p><p>A reprodução assexuada ocorre por zoósporos produzidos em esporângios e os esporângios podem ter opérculos ou ser inoperculados. A reprodução sexuada é conhecida em poucas espécies, sendo que a mesma pode ser por copulação gametangial, copulação planogamética (iso, aniso ou oogâmica) ou somatogamia.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> <br /> <br /> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="float:center;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:06_10_types_of_thalli,_Chytridiomycota_(M._Piepenbring).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tipos de talos de quitrídios."><img alt="Line drawing diagram of the five major classifications of chytrid thalli displayed in two columns. At the top of the left column is a diagram of a eucarpic, monocentric chytrid thallus before and after zoospore discharge. Below that is a diagram of an epibotic chytrid followed by a diagram of an endobiotic chytrid. At the top of the right column is a diagram of a holocarpic chytrid thallus. Below that is a diagram of a eucarpic polycentric chytrid thallus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/06_10_types_of_thalli%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png/240px-06_10_types_of_thalli%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/06_10_types_of_thalli%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png/360px-06_10_types_of_thalli%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/06_10_types_of_thalli%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png/480px-06_10_types_of_thalli%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3070" data-file-height="2302" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tipos de talos de quitrídios.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:8-30-11_Crowned_Duckweed_Chytrid_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Descarga de zoósporos do género Phylctochytrium sp."><img alt="A zoosporangium of Phylctochytrium sp. on a duckweed frond. The zoosporangium is empty and the spines that had crowned it are folded back. Suspended above the empty zoosporangium is a mass of zoospores." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/8-30-11_Crowned_Duckweed_Chytrid_%282%29.jpg/240px-8-30-11_Crowned_Duckweed_Chytrid_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/8-30-11_Crowned_Duckweed_Chytrid_%282%29.jpg/360px-8-30-11_Crowned_Duckweed_Chytrid_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/8-30-11_Crowned_Duckweed_Chytrid_%282%29.jpg/480px-8-30-11_Crowned_Duckweed_Chytrid_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Descarga de zoósporos do género <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phylctochytrium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phylctochytrium (página não existe)">Phylctochytrium</a></i> sp.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 151.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 149.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:CSIRO_ScienceImage_1392_Scanning_Electron_Micrograph_of_Chytrid_Fungus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esporângio e zoósporos dos quitrídios da espécie B. dendrobatidis, vista microscópio eletrónico de varredura."><img alt="Scanning elecron image of a sporangium of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. The sproangium is sphereical with four discharge papillae spaced equidistant around the circumference of the sphere." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1392_Scanning_Electron_Micrograph_of_Chytrid_Fungus.jpg/224px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1392_Scanning_Electron_Micrograph_of_Chytrid_Fungus.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1392_Scanning_Electron_Micrograph_of_Chytrid_Fungus.jpg/337px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1392_Scanning_Electron_Micrograph_of_Chytrid_Fungus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1392_Scanning_Electron_Micrograph_of_Chytrid_Fungus.jpg/449px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1392_Scanning_Electron_Micrograph_of_Chytrid_Fungus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2657" data-file-height="2132" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Espor%C3%A2ngio" title="Esporângio">Esporângio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%B3sporo" title="Zoósporo">zoósporos</a> dos quitrídios da espécie <i>B. dendrobatidis</i>, vista <a href="/wiki/Microsc%C3%B3pio_eletr%C3%B3nico_de_varredura" class="mw-redirect" title="Microscópio eletrónico de varredura">microscópio eletrónico de varredura</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm/320px--Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="214" height="120" data-durationhint="19" data-mwtitle="Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm/Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm/Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm/Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm/Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm/Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm/Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm/Chytrid_under_the_microscope.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Espor%C3%A2ngio" title="Esporângio">Esporângios</a> e <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%B3sporo" title="Zoósporo">zoósporos</a> de quitrídios vistos ao microscópio.</div> </li> </ul> <p>Os Chytridiomycota são incomuns entre os Fungos, pois produzem zoósporos como principal forma de <a href="/wiki/Reprodu%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Reprodução">reprodução</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow1960-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hibbett2007_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hibbett2007-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> Para a maioria dos membros de Chytridiomycota, a <a href="/wiki/Reprodu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_sexuada" title="Reprodução sexuada">reprodução sexuada</a> não é conhecida. A <a href="/wiki/Reprodu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_assexuada" title="Reprodução assexuada">reprodução assexuada</a> ocorre através da libertação de zoósporos (presumivelmente) derivados da <a href="/wiki/Mitose" title="Mitose">mitose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow1960-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Onde foi descrita, a reprodução sexuada dos quitrídios ocorre através de uma variedade de métodos. Naquele que é o ciclo mais comum, o <a href="/wiki/Zigoto" title="Zigoto">zigoto</a> resultante forma um <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esporo_de_resist%C3%AAncia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esporo de resistência (página não existe)">esporo de resistência</a>, que funciona como um meio de sobreviver a condições adversas.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow1960-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> Em alguns membros, a reprodução sexual é conseguida através da fusão de <a href="/wiki/Isogamia" title="Isogamia">isogâmetas</a> (gâmetas do mesmo tamanho e forma). Este grupo inclui os notáveis patógenos de plantas pertencentes ao género <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synchytrium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synchytrium (página não existe)">Synchytrium</a></i>. Alguns parasitas de algas praticam <a href="/wiki/Oogamia" title="Oogamia">oogamia</a>, processo no qual um gâmeta masculino móvel liga-se a uma estrutura imóvel contendo o gâmeta feminino. Em outro grupo, dois <a href="/wiki/Talo" title="Talo">talos</a> produzem tubos que se fundem e permitem que os gâmetas se encontrem e se fundam.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow1960-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> Neste último grupo, rizoides de estirpes compatíveis são mutuamente atraídos e na fusão ambos os núcleos migram para fora do zoosporângio e para os rizoides unidos, onde também se fundem. O zigoto resultante germina num esporo de resistência.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexopoulos_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexopoulos-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="float:center;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:06_12_life_cycle,_asexual,_Batrachochytrium_dendrobatidis,_Chytridiomycota_(M._Piepenbring).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ciclo de vida de Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis."><img alt="A diagram displaying the life cycle of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Starting at the top and moving clockwise: A zoospore seeks out an amphibian and encysts on the skin. It grows and develops rhizoids to anchor it and absorb nutrients. The thallus divides numerous times to form a colony of zoosoporia, which develop discharge tubes when mature. When ready, the discharge tubes open and the zoospores are released." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/06_12_life_cycle%2C_asexual%2C_Batrachochytrium_dendrobatidis%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png/240px-06_12_life_cycle%2C_asexual%2C_Batrachochytrium_dendrobatidis%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/06_12_life_cycle%2C_asexual%2C_Batrachochytrium_dendrobatidis%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png/360px-06_12_life_cycle%2C_asexual%2C_Batrachochytrium_dendrobatidis%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/06_12_life_cycle%2C_asexual%2C_Batrachochytrium_dendrobatidis%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png/480px-06_12_life_cycle%2C_asexual%2C_Batrachochytrium_dendrobatidis%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3070" data-file-height="2302" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ciclo_de_vida" title="Ciclo de vida">Ciclo de vida</a> de <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:06_11_ciclo_de_vida,_Synchytrium_endobioticum_en_papa,_Chytridiomycota_(M._Piepenbring).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ciclo de vida de Synchytrium endobioticum na batateira."><img alt="Diagram of the asexual and sexual parts of the Synchytrium endobioticum life cycle." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/06_11_ciclo_de_vida%2C_Synchytrium_endobioticum_en_papa%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png/240px-06_11_ciclo_de_vida%2C_Synchytrium_endobioticum_en_papa%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/06_11_ciclo_de_vida%2C_Synchytrium_endobioticum_en_papa%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png/360px-06_11_ciclo_de_vida%2C_Synchytrium_endobioticum_en_papa%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/06_11_ciclo_de_vida%2C_Synchytrium_endobioticum_en_papa%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png/480px-06_11_ciclo_de_vida%2C_Synchytrium_endobioticum_en_papa%2C_Chytridiomycota_%28M._Piepenbring%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3070" data-file-height="2302" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ciclo de vida de <i><a href="/wiki/Synchytrium_endobioticum" title="Synchytrium endobioticum">Synchytrium endobioticum</a></i> na batateira.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Synchytridium_endobioticum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Synchytrium endobioticum sobre batatas."><img alt="Synchytrium endobioticum sobre batatas." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Synchytridium_endobioticum.jpg/270px-Synchytridium_endobioticum.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Synchytridium_endobioticum.jpg/405px-Synchytridium_endobioticum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Synchytridium_endobioticum.jpg/540px-Synchytridium_endobioticum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="401" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Synchytrium_endobioticum" title="Synchytrium endobioticum">Synchytrium endobioticum</a></i> sobre batatas.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribuição_e_ecologia"><span id="Distribui.C3.A7.C3.A3o_e_ecologia"></span>Distribuição e ecologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Distribuição e ecologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Distribuição e ecologia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os fungos pertencentes a este agrupamento têm <a href="/wiki/Distribui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_natural" title="Distribuição natural">distribuição natural</a> do tipo <a href="/wiki/Distribui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cosmopolita" title="Distribuição cosmopolita">cosmopolita</a>, presentes nos ecossistemas terrestres e aquáticos, a maioria como <a href="/wiki/Sapr%C3%B3bio" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapróbio">sapróbios</a>, embora um número alargado seja <a href="/wiki/Parasita" title="Parasita">parasita</a> de <a href="/wiki/Alga" title="Alga">algas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anf%C3%ADbio" class="mw-redirect" title="Anfíbio">anfíbios</a>, outros fungos, animais microscópicos e plantas superiores.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Os membros do grupo ocorrem em <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitats</a> diversificados, desde os trópicos às regiões árticas.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> Ocorrem em sistemas aquáticos tais como córregos, lagoas e zonas estuarinas (ambiente aquático de transição entre um rio e o mar), estando presentes ecossistemas marinhos, principalmente como parasitas de algas e de outros organismos componentes do <a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A2ncton" title="Plâncton">plâncton</a>. A maioria das espécies parece ocorrer em habitats terrestres, tais como florestas, solos agrícolas e mesmo em ambientes desérticos e <a href="/wiki/Turfeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Turfeira">turfeiras ácidas</a>, onde a maioria vive como <a href="/wiki/Saprobionte" class="mw-redirect" title="Saprobionte">saprobiontes</a> de <a href="/wiki/Substrato_(biologia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Substrato (biologia)">substratos</a> refratários à <a href="/wiki/Decomposi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Decomposição">decomposição</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-barr2001_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barr2001-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Esse pendor para a saprobiose faz com que, provavelmente, a função ecológica mais importante desempenhada pelos quitrídios seja a <a href="/wiki/Decomposi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Decomposição">decomposição</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barr1990_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barr1990-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> São organismos omnipresentes e cosmopolitas, responsáveis na maioria dos <a href="/wiki/Ecossistema" title="Ecossistema">ecossistemas</a> pela decomposição de materiais refratários, como <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3len" title="Pólen">pólen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celulose" title="Celulose">celulose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quitina" title="Quitina">quitina</a> e <a href="/wiki/Queratina" title="Queratina">queratina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barr1990_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barr1990-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow1960-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A capacidade de decompor materiais resistentes ao ataque biológico levou ao aparecimento de adaptações específicas, como a existência de quitrídios que vivem e crescem no pólen, ligando-se aos aos grãos de pólen por estruturas semelhantes a fios, chamadas rizoides.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> Isso ocorre principalmente durante a reprodução assexuada, quando os <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%B3sporo" title="Zoósporo">zoósporos</a> que se ligam ao pólen se reproduzem continuamente e formam novos quitrídios que se ligam a outros grãos de pólen para obter nutrientes. Essa colonização do pólen ocorre durante a primavera, quando o pólen que cai das árvores e plantas se acumula na superfície dos corpos de água, habitat preferido destes fungos.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow1960-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Habitats">Habitats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Habitats" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Habitats"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os quitrídios são <i>fungos aquáticos</i>, embora aqueles que prosperam na rede capilar em torno das partículas do solo sejam tipicamente considerados terrestres.<sup id="cite_ref-Barr1990_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barr1990-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow1960-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> O zoósporo é principalmente um meio de explorar minuciosamente um pequeno volume de água para encontrar um substrato adequado, em vez de um meio de dispersão de longo alcance.<sup id="cite_ref-Carlile_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlile-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Os quitrídios foram isolados de uma variedade de habitats aquáticos, incluindo turfeiras, pântanos, rios, lagoas, nascentes e fossos, mas também em habitats terrestres, como solos ácidos, solos alcalinos, solos de florestas temperadas, solos de florestas tropicais, solos árticos e antárticos.<sup id="cite_ref-Barr1990_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barr1990-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow1960-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> Isso levou à crença de que muitas espécies de quitrídios são ubíquos e cosmopolitas.<sup id="cite_ref-Barr1990_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barr1990-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow1960-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> No entanto, trabalhos taxonómicos recentes demonstraram que essas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfoesp%C3%A9cie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morfoespécie (página não existe)">morfoespécies</a> omnipresente e cosmopolitas escondem uma diversidade críptica nos níveis genético e ultraestrutural.<sup id="cite_ref-Letcher2008_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letcher2008-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Simmons_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simmons-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inicialmente, acreditou-se que os quitrídios aquáticos (e outros fungos zoospóricos) eram ativos principalmente no outono, inverno e primavera.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow1960-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> No entanto, inventários moleculares recentes de lagos recolhidos durante o verão indicam que os quitrídios são uma parte ativa e com elevada diversidade da comunidade microbiana eucariótica.<sup id="cite_ref-Lefevre_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lefevre-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Um dos ambientes terrestres menos esperados em que os quitrídios prosperassem são os solos periglaciais.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> Comprovou-se que a população das espécies de Chytridiomycota pode ser mantida, embora haja falta de vida vegetal nessas regiões congeladas, devido à grande quantidade de água no solo periglacial e ao pólen arrastado pelos ventos desde as florestas situadas abaixo da <a href="/wiki/Linha_de_%C3%A1rvores" title="Linha de árvores">linha de árvores</a> (a <i><a href="/wiki/Timberline" class="mw-redirect" title="Timberline">timberline</a></i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parasitismo">Parasitismo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Parasitismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Parasitismo"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os quitrídios infetam principalmente algas e outros micróbios <a href="/wiki/Eucariotas" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucariotas">eucarióticos</a> e <a href="/wiki/Procariotas" class="mw-redirect" title="Procariotas">procarióticos</a>. Em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAntico" class="mw-redirect" title="Lêntico">meios lênticos</a>, especialmente em pequenas lagoa de baixa profundidade, a infeção pode ser tão severa a ponto de controlar a <a href="/wiki/Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o_prim%C3%A1ria" title="Produção primária">produção primária</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirk2000_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirk2000-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ibelings_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ibelings-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> Em consequência, tem sido sugerido que os quitrídios parasitas têm um grande efeito sobre as <a href="/wiki/Cadeia_alimentar" title="Cadeia alimentar">cadeias alimentares</a> de lagos e lagoas.<sup id="cite_ref-Gleason_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleason-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Os quitrídios também podem infetar espécies de plantas, tendo particular relevância económica a espécie <i><a href="/wiki/Synchytrium_endobioticum" title="Synchytrium endobioticum">Synchytrium endobioticum</a></i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Schilb." class="mw-redirect" title="Schilb.">Schilb.</a>) <a href="/wiki/Percival" title="Percival">Percival</a> (1909)</small> (<a href="/wiki/Chytridiales" title="Chytridiales">Chytridiales</a>) é responsável pela doença conhecida como <a href="/wiki/Verruga-preta-da-batata" class="mw-redirect" title="Verruga-preta-da-batata">verruga-preta-da-batata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hooker-1981_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hooker-1981-28"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Também em relação aos <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">animais</a>, algumas espécies são parasitas agressivos, conhecendo-se uma capaz de provocar a morte de <a href="/wiki/Anf%C3%ADbio" class="mw-redirect" title="Anfíbio">anfíbios</a> em larga escala. O processo, no entanto, é desconhecido. A infeção é denominada <a href="/wiki/Quitridiomicose" title="Quitridiomicose">quitridiomicose</a>. O <a href="/wiki/Decl%C3%ADnio_das_popula%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_anf%C3%ADbios" title="Declínio das populações de anfíbios">declínio das populações de anfíbios</a> levou à descoberta desta infeção em <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Austr%C3%A1lia" title="Austrália">Austrália</a> e no <a href="/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá">Panamá</a>. Espécies no género <i><a href="/wiki/Batrachochytrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Batrachochytrium">Batrachochytrium</a></i> são responsáveis por declínios severos nas populações de anfíbios globalmente.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Batrachochytrium_dendrobatidis"><i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar secção: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Dead_Bd-infected_Atelopus_limosus_at_Sierra_Llorona_(posed_to_show_ventral_lesions_and_chytridiomycosis_signs).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Dead_Bd-infected_Atelopus_limosus_at_Sierra_Llorona_%28posed_to_show_ventral_lesions_and_chytridiomycosis_signs%29.jpg/283px-Dead_Bd-infected_Atelopus_limosus_at_Sierra_Llorona_%28posed_to_show_ventral_lesions_and_chytridiomycosis_signs%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="283" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Dead_Bd-infected_Atelopus_limosus_at_Sierra_Llorona_%28posed_to_show_ventral_lesions_and_chytridiomycosis_signs%29.jpg/425px-Dead_Bd-infected_Atelopus_limosus_at_Sierra_Llorona_%28posed_to_show_ventral_lesions_and_chytridiomycosis_signs%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Dead_Bd-infected_Atelopus_limosus_at_Sierra_Llorona_%28posed_to_show_ventral_lesions_and_chytridiomycosis_signs%29.jpg/566px-Dead_Bd-infected_Atelopus_limosus_at_Sierra_Llorona_%28posed_to_show_ventral_lesions_and_chytridiomycosis_signs%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Rã morta em resultado de <a href="/wiki/Quitridiomicose" title="Quitridiomicose">quitridiomicose</a> (infeção por <i><a href="/wiki/Batrachochytrium_dendrobatidis" title="Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis">Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</a></i>).</figcaption></figure> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Quitridiomicose" title="Quitridiomicose">Quitridiomicose</a></div> <p>A espécie <i><a href="/wiki/Batrachochytrium_dendrobatidis" title="Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis">Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</a></i> tem merecido especial atenção por ser considerada responsável pelo declínio da população de anfíbios nativos em várias partes do mundo, inclusive no Brasil.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> A espécie é responsável pela <a href="/wiki/Quitridiomicose" title="Quitridiomicose">quitridiomicose</a>, uma grave doença em diversos grupos de animais, mas particularmente mortífera quando ataca <a href="/wiki/Amphibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibia">anfíbios</a>. Descoberto em 1998 na <a href="/wiki/Austr%C3%A1lia" title="Austrália">Austrália</a> e <a href="/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá">Panamá</a>, esta doença é conhecida por matar <a href="/wiki/Anf%C3%ADbios" title="Anfíbios">anfíbios</a> em grande número, e tem sido apontada como a principal causa para o <a href="/wiki/Decl%C3%ADnio_das_popula%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_anf%C3%ADbios" title="Declínio das populações de anfíbios">declínio das populações de anfíbios</a> à escala global. </p><p>Surtos deste fungo foram considerados responsáveis por matar grande parte da população de <i><a href="/wiki/Nectophrynoides_asperginis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nectophrynoides asperginis">Nectophrynoides asperginis</a></i> (o <a href="/wiki/Sapo-de-kihansi" title="Sapo-de-kihansi">sapo-de-kihansi</a>) no seu <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a> nativo da <a href="/wiki/Tanz%C3%A2nia" title="Tanzânia">Tanzânia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup> bem como pela extinção da espécie <i><a href="/wiki/Incilius_periglenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Incilius periglenes">Incilius periglenes</a></i> (o <a href="/wiki/Sapo-dourado" title="Sapo-dourado">sapo-dourado</a>) em 1989. A quitridiomicose também foi implicada na suposta extinção de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheobatrachus_silus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheobatrachus silus (página não existe)">Rheobatrachus silus</a></i> (a rã-gástrica-do-sul),<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup> vista pela última vez na natureza em 1981, e da <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheobatrachus_eungellensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheobatrachus eungellensis (página não existe)">Rheobatrachus eungellensis</a></i> (a rã-gástrica-do-norte), registada pela última vez na natureza em março de 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Acredita-se que o processo que leva à mortalidade dos anfíbios seja a perda de iões essenciais através dos poros produzidos nas células epidérmicas pelo quitrídio durante a sua replicação.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup> Investigação recente revelou que elevar ligeiramente os níveis de sal nas águas pode curar a <a href="/wiki/Quitridiomicose" title="Quitridiomicose">quitridiomicose</a> em algumas espécies de sapos australianos,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup> embora seja necessária mais experimentação para confirmar a viabilidade desta potencial abordagem ao controlo da quitridiomicose em anfíbios. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classificação"><span id="Classifica.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Classificação</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar secção: Classificação" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Classificação"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tal como em relação a outros grupos de organismos, as espécies de Chytridiomycota têm sido tradicionalmente delineadas e classificadas com base no desenvolvimento, morfologia, substrato e método de descarga dos zoósporos.<sup id="cite_ref-Barr1990_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barr1990-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow1960-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> No entanto, mesmo cultura realizadas a partir de isolados de esporos únicos (ou linhas isogénicas) exibem uma grande quantidade de variação em muitas dessas características, pelo que essas características não podem ser usadas para classificar ou identificar uma espécie de forma confiável.<sup id="cite_ref-Barr1990_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barr1990-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow1960-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blackwell2006_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackwell2006-36"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup> Atualmente, a <a href="/wiki/Taxonomia_(biologia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxonomia (biologia)">taxonomia</a> dos Chytridiomycota é baseada em dados moleculares, <a href="/wiki/Ultraestrutura" title="Ultraestrutura">ultraestrutura</a> dos zoósporos e alguns aspectos da morfologia e desenvolvimento do <a href="/wiki/Talo" title="Talo">talo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barr1990_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barr1990-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blackwell2006_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackwell2006-36"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxonomia">Taxonomia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar secção: Taxonomia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Taxonomia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Em um sentido mais antigo e restrito (não usado aqui), o termo <i>quitrídio</i> (ou por vezes <i><a href="/wiki/Quitr%C3%ADdia" class="mw-redirect" title="Quitrídia">quitrídia</a></i>) refere apenas os fungos da <a href="/wiki/Classe_(biologia)" title="Classe (biologia)">classe</a> <a href="/wiki/Chytridiomycetes" title="Chytridiomycetes">Chytridiomycetes</a>. Aqui, o termo "quitrídio" refere-se a todos os membros de Chytridiomycota.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexopoulos_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexopoulos-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Em tempos ainda mais antigos, os quitrídios foram incluídos entre os <a href="/wiki/Protoctista" class="mw-redirect" title="Protoctista">Protoctista</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Barr1990_14-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barr1990-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> mas agora são regularmente classificados como fungos. </p><p>Em <a href="/wiki/Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_biol%C3%B3gica" class="mw-redirect" title="Classificação biológica">classificações</a> mais antigas, os quitrídios, exceto os recentemente incluídos na <a href="/wiki/Ordem_(biologia)" title="Ordem (biologia)">ordem</a> <a href="/wiki/Spizellomycetales" title="Spizellomycetales">Spizellomycetales</a>, foram colocados na classe <a href="/wiki/Phycomycetes" title="Phycomycetes">Phycomycetes</a> sob o subfilo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Myxomycophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myxomycophyta (página não existe)">Myxomycophyta</a> do reino Fungos. Anteriormente, estiveram colocados no grupo <a href="/wiki/Mastigomycotina" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastigomycotina">Mastigomycotina</a> como a classe Chytridiomycetes.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow1973_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow1973-37"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup> As outras classes de <a href="/wiki/Mastigomycotina" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastigomycotina">Mastigomycotina</a>, os <a href="/wiki/Hyphochytriomycetes" title="Hyphochytriomycetes">Hyphochytriomycetes</a> e <a href="/wiki/Oomycete" class="mw-redirect" title="Oomycete">oomycetes</a>, foram retiradas dos fungos para serem classificadas como <a href="/wiki/Heterokonta" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterokonta">heterocontes</a> <a href="/wiki/Pseudofungi" title="Pseudofungi">pseudofúngicos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid7659021_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7659021-38"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Na sua presente <a href="/wiki/Circunscri%C3%A7%C3%A3o_taxon%C3%B3mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Circunscrição taxonómica">circunscrição taxonómica</a>, a classe <a href="/wiki/Chytridiomycetes" title="Chytridiomycetes">Chytridiomycetes</a> agrupa mais de 750 espécies de quitrídios distribuídas por 13 <a href="/wiki/Ordem_(biologia)" title="Ordem (biologia)">ordens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tedersoo-Ramırez-etal-2018_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tedersoo-Ramırez-etal-2018-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bama_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bama-39"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MycotaVIIS&E_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MycotaVIIS&E-40"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Powell_and_Letcher_2015_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell_and_Letcher_2015-41"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup> Antes da revisão de 2018, o grupo incluía as classes adicionais <a href="/wiki/Monoblepharidomycetes" title="Monoblepharidomycetes">Monoblepharidomycetes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-DeeMollicone2015_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeeMollicone2015-42"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup> com duas ordens, e <a href="/wiki/Hyaloraphidiomycetes" title="Hyaloraphidiomycetes">Hyaloraphidiomycetes</a> com uma única ordem.<sup id="cite_ref-MisraTewari2012_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MisraTewari2012-43"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup> Aquela revisão elevou aquelas classes ao <a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADvel_taxon%C3%B3mico" class="mw-redirect" title="Nível taxonómico">nível taxonómico</a> de divisão (ou filo), como <a href="/wiki/Monoblepharomycota" title="Monoblepharomycota">Monoblepharomycota</a> (onde se incluiu a classe Hyaloraphidiomycetes), sendo-lhe adicionadas as divisões <a href="/wiki/Caulochytriomycota" title="Caulochytriomycota">Caulochytriomycota</a> e <a href="/wiki/Neocallimastigomycota" title="Neocallimastigomycota">Neocallimastigomycota</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sin%C3%B3nimo_taxon%C3%B3mico" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinónimo taxonómico">sinónimos taxonómicos <i>pro parte</i></a> da classe original), passando o conjunto a formar o <a href="/wiki/Clado" title="Clado">clado</a> <a href="/wiki/Chytridiomyceta" title="Chytridiomyceta">Chytridiomyceta</a>, geralmente considerado ao nível taxonómico de sub-reino.<sup id="cite_ref-Tedersoo-Ramırez-etal-2018_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tedersoo-Ramırez-etal-2018-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A aplicação das técnicas da <a href="/wiki/Filogenia_molecular" class="mw-redirect" title="Filogenia molecular">filogenia molecular</a>, em combinação com outras técnicas, como a análise <a href="/wiki/Ultraestrutura" title="Ultraestrutura">ultraestrutural</a>, aumentou muito a compreensão da <a href="/wiki/Filogenia" title="Filogenia">filogenia</a> dos quitrídios e levou à formação de vários novos filos de <a href="/wiki/Fungos" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungos">fungos</a> <a href="/wiki/Zoosp%C3%B3ricos" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoospóricos">zoospóricos</a>: </p> <ul><li>Os membros da ordem <a href="/wiki/Blastocladiales" title="Blastocladiales">Blastocladiales</a>, originalmente parte dos Chytridiomycota, são agora classificados como um filo separado, a divisão <a href="/wiki/Blastocladiomycota" title="Blastocladiomycota">Blastocladiomycota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-James2006_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James2006-44"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Os membros da ordem <a href="/wiki/Neocallimastigales" class="mw-redirect" title="Neocallimastigales">Neocallimastigales</a>, originalmente uma ordem de fungos <a href="/wiki/Organismo_anaer%C3%B3bico" class="mw-redirect" title="Organismo anaeróbico">anaeróbicos</a> da classe Chytridiomycetes, encontrada no <a href="/wiki/Trato_digestivo" class="mw-redirect" title="Trato digestivo">trato digestivo</a> de <a href="/wiki/Herb%C3%ADvoro" title="Herbívoro">herbívoros</a>, foi elevada a um filo separado, a divisão <a href="/wiki/Neocallimastigomycota" title="Neocallimastigomycota">Neocallimastigomycota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MisraTewari2012_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MisraTewari2012-43"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Os membros da família <a href="/wiki/Olpidiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Olpidiaceae">Olpidiaceae</a>, incluindo o <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nero_tipo" class="mw-redirect" title="Género tipo">género tipo</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olpidium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olpidium (página não existe)">Olpidium</a></i>, anteriormente classificados na ordem <a href="/wiki/Chytridiales" title="Chytridiales">Chytridiales</a>, foram elevados a um filo separado, a divisão <a href="/wiki/Olpidiomycota" title="Olpidiomycota">Olpidiomycota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-olpidiomycota_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olpidiomycota-45"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filogenia">Filogenia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar secção: Filogenia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Filogenia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As características deste grupo situam-se evolutivamente como um <a href="/wiki/Grado_(clad%C3%ADstica)" title="Grado (cladística)">grado</a> intermediário entre os fungos primitivos unicelulares (<a href="/wiki/Aphelidiomycota" title="Aphelidiomycota">Aphelidiomycota</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rozellomycota" title="Rozellomycota">Rozellomycota</a>) e os fungos terrestres mais evoluídos (<a href="/wiki/Amastigomycota" title="Amastigomycota">Amastigomycota</a>) cujos esporos não apresentam flagelos. </p><p>Devido a ser comum o modo de vida <a href="/wiki/Sapr%C3%B3fito" class="mw-redirect" title="Saprófito">saprófito</a> nos quitrídios, a principal tendência evolutiva pode ter sido o aumento da capacidade de degradar a matéria orgânica indigerível para outros seres vivos, em particular a <a href="/wiki/Lignocelulose" title="Lignocelulose">lignocelulose</a> (biomassa de <a href="/wiki/Lignina" title="Lignina">lignina</a> e <a href="/wiki/Celulose" title="Celulose">celulose</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Hemicelulose" title="Hemicelulose">hemicelulose</a>) e é possível que esta característica tenha sido suportada na <a href="/wiki/Radia%C3%A7%C3%A3o_evolutiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiação evolutiva">radiação evolutiva</a> dos fungos mais avançados.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A natureza do esporo uniflagelado, compartilhada com <a href="/wiki/Aphelidiomycota" title="Aphelidiomycota">Aphelidiomycota</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rozellomycota" title="Rozellomycota">Rozellomycota</a>, paralelamente ao que ocorre com os <a href="/wiki/Espermatoz%C3%B3ides" class="mw-redirect" title="Espermatozóides">espermatozóides</a> uniflagelados em animais, bem como a análise molecular, cria o traço evolutivo que relaciona estes organismos com os reinos <a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a> e com o <a href="/wiki/Clado" title="Clado">clado</a> eucariótico <a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a>, onde ancestralmente os <a href="/wiki/Protozo%C3%A1rios" class="mw-redirect" title="Protozoários">protozoários</a> tipicamente possuíam um único flagelo inserido posteriormente. </p><p>Os quitrídios na classificação tradicional eram um <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1xon" title="Táxon">táxon</a> parafilético porque <a href="/wiki/Blastocladiomycota" title="Blastocladiomycota">Blastocladiomycota</a> (anteriormente <a href="/wiki/Blastocladiales" title="Blastocladiales">Blastocladiales</a>) está mais intimamente relacionado com os fungos terrestres (<a href="/wiki/Amastigomycota" title="Amastigomycota">Amastigomycota</a>) do que com os outros quitrídios. Foi proposta uma nova classificação filogenética, baseada em critérios que permitem criar agrupamentos <a href="/wiki/Monofil%C3%A9ticos" class="mw-redirect" title="Monofiléticos">monofiléticos</a>, que reparte os quitrídios por múltiplas divisões.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tedersoo-Ramırez-etal-2018_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tedersoo-Ramırez-etal-2018-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> Uma possível árvore filogenética é a seguinte:<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64103782">.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.7em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%; line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64103782"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Rozellomyceta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rozellomyceta">Rozellomyceta</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64103782"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Aphelidiomycota" title="Aphelidiomycota">Aphelidiomycota</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Eumycota" class="mw-redirect" title="Eumycota">Eumycota</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64103782"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Chytridiomyceta" title="Chytridiomyceta">Chytridiomyceta</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64103782"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chytridiomycota</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Caulochytriomycota" title="Caulochytriomycota">Caulochytriomycota</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64103782"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Monoblepharidomycota" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoblepharidomycota">Monoblepharidomycota</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Neocallimastigomycota" title="Neocallimastigomycota">Neocallimastigomycota</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64103782"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Blastocladiomycota" title="Blastocladiomycota">Blastocladiomycota</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Amastigomycota" title="Amastigomycota">Amastigomycota</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64103782"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Zoopagomycota" title="Zoopagomycota">Zoopagomycota</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64103782"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Mucoromycota" title="Mucoromycota">Mucoromycota</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> <a href="/wiki/Dikarya" title="Dikarya">Dikarya</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64103782"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Entorrhizomycota" title="Entorrhizomycota">Entorrhizomycota</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64103782"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Ascomycota" title="Ascomycota">Ascomycota</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Basidiomycota" title="Basidiomycota">Basidiomycota</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Registo_fóssil"><span id="Registo_f.C3.B3ssil"></span>Registo fóssil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editar secção: Registo fóssil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Registo fóssil"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3ssil" title="Fóssil">fósseis</a> mais antigos de quitrídios que se conhecem são da formação <a href="/wiki/Rhynie_chert" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhynie chert">Rhynie chert</a> (<a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B3cia" title="Escócia">Escócia</a>), uma <i><a href="/wiki/Lagerst%C3%A4tte" title="Lagerstätte">lagerstätte</a></i> do <a href="/wiki/Devoniano" title="Devoniano">Devoniano</a> com preservação anatómica de <a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">plantas</a> e fungos. Entre os microfósseis estão quitrídios preservados como <a href="/wiki/Parasita" title="Parasita">parasitas</a> em <a href="/wiki/Rini%C3%B3fitos" class="mw-redirect" title="Riniófitos">riniófitos</a> (†<a href="/wiki/Rhyniophytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhyniophytes">Rhyniophytes</a>). Esses fósseis muito semelhantes ao género moderno <i><a href="/wiki/Allomyces" title="Allomyces">Allomyces</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span>[</span>51<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Restos de quitrídios holocárpicos foram encontrados em <i><a href="/wiki/Chert" class="mw-redirect" title="Chert">cherts</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Combres" title="Combres">Combres</a>, no centro da França, que datam do final <a href="/wiki/Viseano" class="mw-redirect" title="Viseano">Viseano</a>. Esses restos foram encontrados junto com restos eucárpicos e são de natureza ambígua, embora se pense que sejam de quitrídios.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span>[</span>52<span>]</span></a></sup> Outros fósseis semelhantes a quitrídios foram encontrados em <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADlex" title="Sílex">sílex</a> do <a href="/wiki/Pensilvaniano" class="mw-redirect" title="Pensilvaniano">Pensilvaniano</a> na Bacia de <a href="/wiki/Saint-Etienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Etienne">Saint-Etienne</a>, em <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, datando entre 300~350 <a href="/wiki/Ma_(unidade)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma (unidade)">Ma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span>[</span>53<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uso_em_ficção"><span id="Uso_em_fic.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Uso em ficção</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editar secção: Uso em ficção" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Uso em ficção"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A novela <i><a href="/wiki/Tom_Clancy%27s_Splinter_Cell#Tom_Clancy's_Splinter_Cell:_Fallout_(2007)" title="Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell">Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Fallout</a></i> (2007) apresenta uma espécie de quitrídio que se alimenta de petróleo e derivados de petróleo. Na história, a espécie é modificada usando <a href="/wiki/Decaimento_radioativo" class="mw-redirect" title="Decaimento radioativo">radiação nuclear</a>, para aumentar a taxa na qual se alimenta de óleo. É então usado por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Extremistas_isl%C3%A2micos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extremistas islâmicos (página não existe)">extremistas islâmicos</a> na tentativa de destruir o abastecimento mundial de petróleo, tirando assim a vantagem tecnológica aos <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O <a href="/wiki/Webcomic" title="Webcomic">webcomic</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Mudpuppy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Mudpuppy (página não existe)">Black Mudpuppy</a></i>, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethan_Kocak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethan Kocak (página não existe)">Ethan Kocak</a>, apresenta um arco com um quitrídio antropomórfico maligno desenvolvido como uma experiência nazi para infectar <i>Xolotl</i>, um <a href="/wiki/Axolotl" class="mw-redirect" title="Axolotl">axolotl</a> negro gigante capaz de falar.<sup id="cite_ref-BlackMudpuppy-Chytrid-1_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackMudpuppy-Chytrid-1-55"><span>[</span>55<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referências"><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editar secção: Referências" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Referências"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 22em; -webkit-column-width: 22em; column-width: 22em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tedersoo-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-tedersoo_1-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-tedersoo_1-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Tedersoo, Sánchez-Ramírez, Kõljalg, Bahram, M.Döring, Schigel, T.W.May, M.Ryberg & Abarenkov, Fungal Diversity 90(1): 148 (2018). [Index Fungorum ID: 554033]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hassett, B.T.; Gradinger, R. (2016). «Chytrids dominate arctic marine fungal communities». <i>Environ Microbiol</i>. <b>18</b> (6): 2001–2009. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26754171">26754171</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2F1462-2920.13216">10.1111/1462-2920.13216</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=Chytrids+dominate+arctic+marine+fungal+communities&rft.au=Gradinger%2C+R.&rft.aufirst=B.T.&rft.aulast=Hassett&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Environ+Microbiol&rft.pages=2001-2009&rft.volume=18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1462-2920.13216&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26754171&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kilias, Estelle S.; Junges, Leandro; Šupraha, Luka; Leonard, Guy; Metfies, Katja; Richards, Thomas A. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7174370">«Chytrid fungi distribution and co-occurrence with diatoms correlate with sea ice melt in the Arctic Ocean»</a>. <i>Communications Biology</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 183. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7174370">7174370</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32317738">32317738</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs42003-020-0891-7">10.1038/s42003-020-0891-7</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=Chytrid+fungi+distribution+and+co-occurrence+with+diatoms+correlate+with+sea+ice+melt+in+the+Arctic+Ocean&rft.au=%C5%A0upraha%2C+Luka&rft.au=Junges%2C+Leandro&rft.au=Leonard%2C+Guy&rft.au=Metfies%2C+Katja&rft.au=Richards%2C+Thomas+A.&rft.aufirst=Estelle+S.&rft.aulast=Kilias&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Communications+Biology&rft.pages=183&rft.volume=3&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7174370&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7174370&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs42003-020-0891-7&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32317738&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alexopoulos-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alexopoulos_4-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alexopoulos_4-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alexopoulos_4-2">c</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Alexopoulos, C.J.; Mims, C.W.; Blackwell, M. (1996). <i>Introductory Mycology</i> 4th ed. [S.l.]: John Wiley & Sons</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.au=Alexopoulos%2C+C.J.&rft.au=Blackwell%2C+M.&rft.au=Mims%2C+C.W.&rft.btitle=Introductory+Mycology&rft.date=1996&rft.edition=4th&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirk2000-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kirk2000_5-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kirk2000_5-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kirk2000_5-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kirk2000_5-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kirk2000_5-4">e</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kendrick, Bryce (2000). <i>The Fifth Kingdom</i> 3rd ed. Newburyport, MA: Focus Publishing</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.au=Kendrick%2C+Bryce&rft.btitle=The+Fifth+Kingdom&rft.date=2000&rft.edition=3rd&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Newburyport%2C+MA&rft.pub=Focus+Publishing&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Zottarell, Carmen Lidia Amorim Pires. «Contribuição para o conhecimento de Chytridiomycota da "Reserva Biológica de Paranapiacaba", Santo André, SP, Brasil»</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=Contribui%C3%A7%C3%A3o+para+o+conhecimento+de+Chytridiomycota+da+%9CReserva+Biol%C3%B3gica+de+Paranapiacaba%9D%2C+Santo+Andr%C3%A9%2C+SP%2C+Brasil&rft.aufirst=Carmen+Lidia+Amorim+Pires&rft.aulast=Zottarell&rft.genre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">James, Timothy Y. «A molecular phylogeny of the flagellated fungi (Chytridiomycota) and description of a new phylum (Blastocladiomycota)»</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=A+molecular+phylogeny+of+the+flagellated+fungi+%28Chytridiomycota%29+and+description+of+a+new+phylum+%28Blastocladiomycota%29&rft.aufirst=Timothy+Y.&rft.aulast=James&rft.genre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tedersoo, L., Sánchez-Ramírez, S., Kõljalg, U., Bahram, M., Döring, M., Schigel, D.S., May, T.W., Ryberg, M. & Abarenkov, K. 2018. High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses. <i>Fungal Diversity</i> 90(1): 135–159. DOI: 10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sparrow1960-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-4">e</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-5">f</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-6">g</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-7">h</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-8">i</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-9">j</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-10">k</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-11">l</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-12">m</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-13">n</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow1960_9-14">o</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">Sparrow, F.K. (1960). <i>Aquatic Phycomyete</i> 2nd ed. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.au=Sparrow%2C+F.K.&rft.btitle=Aquatic+Phycomyete&rft.date=1960&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+MI&rft.pub=The+University+of+Michigan+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlackwellM-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BlackwellM_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Blackwell, M. (2011). «The Fungi: 1,2,3 … million species?». <i>American Journal of Botany</i>. <b>98</b> (3): 426–438. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21613136">21613136</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3732%2Fajb.1000298">10.3732/ajb.1000298</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=The+Fungi%3A+1%2C2%2C3+%A6+million+species%3F&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.pages=426-438&rft.volume=98&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3732%2Fajb.1000298&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21613136&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Longcore1999-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Longcore1999_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Longcore, J.E.; Pessier, A.P.; Nichols, D.K. (1999). «<i>Batrachochytirum dendrobatidis</i> gen. et sp. nov., a chytrid pathogenic to amphibians». <i>Mycologia</i>. <b>91</b> (2): 219–227. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F00275514.1999.12061011">10.1080/00275514.1999.12061011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=Batrachochytirum+dendrobatidis+gen.+et+sp.+nov.%2C+a+chytrid+pathogenic+to+amphibians&rft.au=Nichols%2C+D.K.&rft.au=Pessier%2C+A.P.&rft.aufirst=J.E.&rft.aulast=Longcore&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.pages=219-227&rft.volume=91&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00275514.1999.12061011&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tedersoo-Ramırez-etal-2018-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tedersoo-Ramırez-etal-2018_12-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tedersoo-Ramırez-etal-2018_12-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tedersoo-Ramırez-etal-2018_12-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tedersoo-Ramırez-etal-2018_12-3">d</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">Tedersoo, Leho; Sanchez-Ramırez, Santiago; Koljalg, Urmas; Bahram, Mohammad; Doring, Markus; Schigel, Dmitry; et al. 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(1990). Margulis; Corliss; Melkonian; Chapman, eds. <i>Handbook of Protoctista</i>. Boston, MA: Jones & Barlett. pp. 454–466</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.au=Barr%2C+D.J.S.&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Protoctista&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=454-466&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Barlett&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hawksworth, D.L.. Kirk, P.M., Sutton, B.C. & Pegler, D.M. 1995. <i>Ainsworth & Bisby´s Dictionary of the Fungi</i>. 8th ed. International Mycological Institute, Egham.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Raven, Peter H., <i>Biologia Vegetal</i> / Peter . Raven, Ray F. Evert, Susan E. Eichhorn; Rio de Janeiro : Guanabara Koogan, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hibbett2007-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hibbett2007_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hibbett; et al. 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Phylogenetic relationships among Rhizophydium isolates from North America and Australia. <i>Mycologia</i> 96: 1339–1351.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-barr2001-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-barr2001_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barr, D. J. S. (2001). Chytridiomycota. In D. J. McLaughlin, E. G. McLaughlin, & P. A. Lemke (Eds.), <i>The Mycota</i> (Vol. 7A, pp. 93–112). New York: Springer.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://website.nbm-mnb.ca/mycologywebpages/NaturalHistoryOfFungi/Chytridiomycota.html">«The Chytridiomycota»</a>. Mycology. <i>nbm-mnb.ca</i>. Natural History of Fungi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 28 de outubro de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=The+Chytridiomycota&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nbm-mnb.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebsite.nbm-mnb.ca%2Fmycologywebpages%2FNaturalHistoryOfFungi%2FChytridiomycota.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carlile-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Carlile_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Carlile, M.J. (1986). Ayres, Peter G.; Boddy, Lynne, eds. <i>Water, Fungi, and Plants</i>. <b>11</b>. 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(2008). «Rhizophlyctidales – a new order in Chytridiomycota». <i>Mycological Research</i>. <b>112</b> (9): 1031–1048. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18701267">18701267</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.mycres.2008.03.007">10.1016/j.mycres.2008.03.007</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=Rhizophlyctidales+%93+a+new+order+in+Chytridiomycota&rft.aufirst=P.M.&rft.aulast=Letcher&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Mycological+Research&rft.pages=1031-1048&rft.volume=112&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.mycres.2008.03.007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18701267&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simmons-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Simmons_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Simmons, D.R. (2011). «Phylogeny of Powellomycetacea fam. nov. and description of <i>Geranomyces variabilis</i> gen. et comb. nov». <i>Mycologia</i>. <b>103</b> (6): 1411–1420. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21558503">21558503</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3852%2F11-039">10.3852/11-039</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=Phylogeny+of+Powellomycetacea+fam.+nov.+and+description+of+Geranomyces+variabilis+gen.+et+comb.+nov&rft.aufirst=D.R.&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.pages=1411-1420&rft.volume=103&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3852%2F11-039&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21558503&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lefevre-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lefevre_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lefèvre, E.; Letcher, P.M.; Powell, M.J. (2012). «Temporal variation of the small eukaryotic community in two freshwater lakes: Emphasis on zoosporic fungi». <i>Aquatic Microbial Ecology</i>. <b>67</b> (2): 91–105. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3354%2Fame01592">10.3354/ame01592</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=Temporal+variation+of+the+small+eukaryotic+community+in+two+freshwater+lakes%3A+Emphasis+on+zoosporic+fungi&rft.au=Lef%C3%A8vre%2C+E.&rft.au=Letcher%2C+P.M.&rft.au=Powell%2C+M.J.&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Microbial+Ecology&rft.pages=91-105&rft.volume=67&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3354%2Fame01592&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Freeman, K.R. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775327">«Evidence that chytrids dominate fungal communities in high-elevation soils»</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_USA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (página não existe)">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA</a></i>. <b>106</b> (43): 18315–18320. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..10618315F">2009PNAS..10618315F</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775327">2775327</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19826082">19826082</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0907303106">10.1073/pnas.0907303106</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=Evidence+that+chytrids+dominate+fungal+communities+in+high-elevation+soils&rft.aufirst=K.R.&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=43&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+USA&rft.pages=18315-18320&rft.volume=106&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2775327&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2775327&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009PNAS..10618315F&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0907303106&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19826082&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ibelings-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ibelings_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ibelings, B.W.; de Bruin, A.; Kagami, M.; Rijkeboer, M.; van Donk, E. 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Phycol</i>. <b>40</b> (3): 457–455. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.2004.03117.x">10.1111/j.1529-8817.2004.03117.x</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=Host+parasite+interactions+between+freshwater+phytolankton+and+chytrid+fungi+%28chytridiomycota%29&rft.au=Ibelings%2C+B.W.&rft.au=Kagami%2C+M.&rft.au=Rijkeboer%2C+M.&rft.au=de+Bruin%2C+A.&rft.au=van+Donk%2C+E.&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=J.+Phycol.&rft.pages=457-455&rft.volume=40&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.2004.03117.x&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gleason-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gleason_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gleason, Frank H.; et al. (2008). «The ecology of chytrids in aquatic ecosystems: roles in food web dynamics». <i>Fungal Biology Reviews</i>. <b>22</b> (1): 17–25. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fbr.2008.02.001">10.1016/j.fbr.2008.02.001</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=The+ecology+of+chytrids+in+aquatic+ecosystems%3A+roles+in+food+web+dynamics&rft.au=Gleason%2C+Frank+H.&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Fungal+Biology+Reviews&rft.pages=17-25&rft.volume=22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fbr.2008.02.001&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hooker-1981-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hooker-1981_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">Hooker, W.J. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h6HmE1MtcpoC&pg=PA36"><i>Compendium of Potato Diseases</i></a>. [S.l.]: International Potato Center. pp. 36–7. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-89054-027-5" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-89054-027-5">978-0-89054-027-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.au=Hooker%2C+W.J.&rft.btitle=Compendium+of+Potato+Diseases&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-89054-027-5&rft.pages=36-7&rft.pub=International+Potato+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh6HmE1MtcpoC%26pg%3DPA36&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6389/621">Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines</a> por Simon J. O’Hanlon et al Vol. 360, edição 6389, pp. 621-627 DOI: 10.1126 / science.aar1965 (2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carnaval, A.C.O.Q., Toledo, L.F., Haddad, C.F.B. & Britto, F.B. 2005. Chytrid fungus infects high-altitude stream-dwelling Hylodes magalhaesi (Leptodactylidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. <i>Froglog</i> 70:3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Dean, Cornelia (1 fevereiro 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/02/science/earth/02toads.html?hp">«Saving tiny toads without a home»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=Saving+tiny+toads+without+a+home&rft.aufirst=Cornelia&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F02%2F02%2Fscience%2Fearth%2F02toads.html%3Fhp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation report"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=1909"><i>Rheobatrachus silus</i> species</a>. Environment (Relatório). Profile and threats database. Government of Australia</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.btitle=Rheobatrachus+silus+species&rft.genre=report&rft.pub=Government+of+Australia&rft.series=Profile+and+threats+database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.gov.au%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsprat%2Fpublic%2Fpublicspecies.pl%3Ftaxon_id%3D1909&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation report"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=1910"><i>Rheobatrachus eungellensis</i> species</a>. Environment (Relatório). Profile and threats database. Government of Australia</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.btitle=Rheobatrachus+eungellensis+species&rft.genre=report&rft.pub=Government+of+Australia&rft.series=Profile+and+threats+database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.gov.au%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsprat%2Fpublic%2Fpublicspecies.pl%3Ftaxon_id%3D1910&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Voyles, J.; L. Berger; S. Young; et al. (2007). «Electrolyte depletion and osmotic imbalance in amphibians with chytridiomycosis». <i>Diseases of Aquatic Organisms</i>. <b>77</b> (2): 113–118. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17972752">17972752</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3354%2Fdao01838">10.3354/dao01838</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=Electrolyte+depletion+and+osmotic+imbalance+in+amphibians+with+chytridiomycosis&rft.au=L.+Berger&rft.au=S.+Young&rft.au=Voyles%2C+J.&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Diseases+of+Aquatic+Organisms&rft.pages=113-118&rft.volume=77&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3354%2Fdao01838&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17972752&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-02-05/salt-curing-frogs-worldwide-from-chytrid-fungus/9390882">«A salty cure for a deadly frog disease»</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. 5 de fevereiro de 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=A+salty+cure+for+a+deadly+frog+disease&rft.date=2018-02-05&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2018-02-05%2Fsalt-curing-frogs-worldwide-from-chytrid-fungus%2F9390882&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blackwell2006-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blackwell2006_36-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blackwell2006_36-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Blackwell, W.H.; Letcher, P.M.; Powell, M.J. (2006). «Thallus development and the systematics of Chytridiomycota: an additional developmental pattern represented by Podochytrium». <i>Mycotaxon</i>. <b>97</b>: 91–109</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=Thallus+development+and+the+systematics+of+Chytridiomycota%3A+an+additional+developmental+pattern+represented+by+Podochytrium&rft.au=Letcher%2C+P.M.&rft.au=Powell%2C+M.J.&rft.aufirst=W.H.&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycotaxon&rft.pages=91-109&rft.volume=97&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sparrow1973-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow1973_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ainsworth; Sparrow; Sussman, eds. (1973). <i>The Fungi: An advanced treatise</i>. IVB A – Taxonomic review with keys: Basidiomycetes and lower fungi. New York, NY: Academic Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.btitle=The+Fungi%3A+An+advanced+treatise&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid7659021-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid7659021_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">van der Auwera, G.; de Baere, R.; van de Peer, Y.; de Rijk, P.; van den Broeck, I.; de Wachter, R. (Julho 1995). «The phylogeny of the Hyphochytriomycota as deduced from ribosomal RNA sequences of <i>Hyphochytrium catenoides</i>». <i>Mol. Biol. Evol</i>. <b>12</b> (4): 671–678. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7659021">7659021</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.molbev.a040245">10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040245</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=The+phylogeny+of+the+Hyphochytriomycota+as+deduced+from+ribosomal+RNA+sequences+of+Hyphochytrium+catenoides&rft.au=de+Baere%2C+R.&rft.au=de+Rijk%2C+P.&rft.au=de+Wachter%2C+R.&rft.au=van+de+Peer%2C+Y.&rft.au=van+den+Broeck%2C+I.&rft.au=van+der+Auwera%2C+G.&rft.date=1995-07&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Mol.+Biol.+Evol.&rft.pages=671-678&rft.volume=12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.molbev.a040245&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7659021&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bama-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bama_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nsfpeet.as.ua.edu/">«Chytrid fungi online – an NSF / PEET project website»</a>. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 16 de abril de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.btitle=Chytrid+fungi+online+%93+an+NSF+%2F+PEET+project+website&rft.genre=unknown&rft.place=Tuscaloosa%2C+AL&rft.pub=University+of+Alabama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnsfpeet.as.ua.edu%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MycotaVIIS&E-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MycotaVIIS&E_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Esser, K. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhbs.com/title/199258/the-mycota-volume-7a-systematics-and-evolution"><i>The Mycota</i></a>. VII A: Systematics and evolution 2nd ed. [S.l.]: Springer. p. 461. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-3-642-55317-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-3-642-55317-2">978-3-642-55317-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.au=Esser%2C+K.&rft.btitle=The+Mycota&rft.date=2014&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-642-55317-2&rft.pages=461&rft.pub=Springer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhbs.com%2Ftitle%2F199258%2Fthe-mycota-volume-7a-systematics-and-evolution&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Powell_and_Letcher_2015-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Powell_and_Letcher_2015_41-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Powell; Letcher (20 janeiro 2017) [2015]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270658046">«A new genus and family for the misclassified chytrid, <i>Rhizophlyctis harderi</i>»</a>. <i>Mycologia</i>. <b>107</b> (2): 419–431. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25572098">25572098</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3852%2F14-223">10.3852/14-223</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 23 de agosto de 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=A+new+genus+and+family+for+the+misclassified+chytrid%2C+Rhizophlyctis+harderi&rft.au=Letcher&rft.au=Powell&rft.date=2017-01-20&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.pages=419-431&rft.volume=107&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F270658046&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3852%2F14-223&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25572098&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeeMollicone2015-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DeeMollicone2015_42-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dee, J.M.; Mollicone, M.; Longcore, J.E.; Roberson, R.W.; Berbee, M.L. (2015). «Cytology and molecular phylogenetics of Monoblepharidomycetes provide evidence for multiple independent origins of the hyphal habit in the Fungi». <i>Mycologia</i>. <b>107</b> (4): 710–728. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-5514">0027-5514</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25911696">25911696</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3852%2F14-275">10.3852/14-275</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=Cytology+and+molecular+phylogenetics+of+Monoblepharidomycetes+provide+evidence+for+multiple+independent+origins+of+the+hyphal+habit+in+the+Fungi&rft.au=Berbee%2C+M.L.&rft.au=Longcore%2C+J.E.&rft.au=Mollicone%2C+M.&rft.au=Roberson%2C+R.W.&rft.aufirst=J.M.&rft.aulast=Dee&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0027-5514&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.pages=710-728&rft.volume=107&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3852%2F14-275&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25911696&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MisraTewari2012-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-MisraTewari2012_43-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-MisraTewari2012_43-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Misra, J.K.; Tewari, J.P.; Deshmukh, S.K. (10 janeiro 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MtFiUtYGIUUC&pg=PA363"><i>Systematics and Evolution of Fungi</i></a>. [S.l.]: CRC Press. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-57808-723-5" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-57808-723-5">978-1-57808-723-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.au=Deshmukh%2C+S.K.&rft.au=Misra%2C+J.K.&rft.au=Tewari%2C+J.P.&rft.btitle=Systematics+and+Evolution+of+Fungi&rft.date=2012-01-10&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-57808-723-5&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMtFiUtYGIUUC%26pg%3DPA363&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-James2006-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-James2006_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">James, T.Y.; et al. (2006). «A molecular phylogeny of the flagellated fungi (<i>Chytridiomycota</i>) and description of a new phylum (<i>Blastocladiomycota</i>)». <i>Mycologia</i>. <b>98</b> (6): 860–871. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17486963">17486963</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3852%2Fmycologia.98.6.860">10.3852/mycologia.98.6.860</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=A+molecular+phylogeny+of+the+flagellated+fungi+%28Chytridiomycota%29+and+description+of+a+new+phylum+%28Blastocladiomycota%29&rft.au=James%2C+T.Y.&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.pages=860-871&rft.volume=98&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3852%2Fmycologia.98.6.860&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17486963&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-olpidiomycota-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-olpidiomycota_45-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indexfungorum.org/Publications/Index%20Fungorum%20no.42.pdf">«Item no. 42»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Index Fungorum</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=Item+no.+42&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Index+Fungorum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indexfungorum.org%2FPublications%2FIndex%2520Fungorum%2520no.42.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Philippe Silar 2016, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01263138/document">Protistes Eucaryotes.</a>: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes, 2016, 978-2-9555841-0-1. <hal-01263138></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Miguel A. Naranjo‐Ortiz et Toni Gabaldón. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/brv.12550">Fungal evolution: diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of the Fungi</a> Wiley Online Library.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6078412">«A phylum-level phylogenetic classification of zygomycete fungi based on genome-scale data»</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-5514">0027-5514</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6078412">6078412</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27738200">27738200</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3852%2F16-042">10.3852/16-042</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=A+phylum-level+phylogenetic+classification+of+zygomycete+fungi+based+on+genome-scale+data&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0027-5514&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6078412&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6078412&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3852%2F16-042&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27738200&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yuanning Li, Jacob L Steenwyk, Ying Chang, Yan Wang, Timothy Y James, Jason E Stajich, Joseph W Spatafora, Marizeth Groenewald, Casey W Dunn, Chris Todd Hittinger, Xing-Xing Shen, Antonis Rokas (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(21)00139-1?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982221001391%3Fshowall%3Dtrue">A genome-scale phylogeny of the kingdom Fungi</a>. Cell.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tedersoo, L., Sánchez-Ramírez, S., Kõljalg, U. et al. 2018, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0#citeas">High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses</a> Fungal Diversity 90: 135. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Taylor, T.N.; Remy, W.; Hass, H. (1994). «<i>Allomyces</i> in the Devonian». <i>Nature</i>. <b>367</b> (6464): 601. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994Natur.367..601T">1994Natur.367..601T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F367601a0">10.1038/367601a0</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=Allomyces+in+the+Devonian&rft.au=Hass%2C+H.&rft.au=Remy%2C+W.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+T.N.&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6464&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=601&rft.volume=367&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994Natur.367..601T&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F367601a0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Krings, Michael; Dotzler, Nora; Taylor, Thomas; Galtier, Jean (2009). «Microfungi from the upper Visean (Mississippian) of central France: Chytridiomycota and chytrid-like remains of uncertain affinity». <i>Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology</i>. <b>156</b> (3–4): 319–328. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.revpalbo.2009.03.011">10.1016/j.revpalbo.2009.03.011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=Microfungi+from+the+upper+Visean+%28Mississippian%29+of+central+France%3A+Chytridiomycota+and+chytrid-like+remains+of+uncertain+affinity&rft.au=Dotzler%2C+Nora&rft.au=Galtier%2C+Jean&rft.au=Krings%2C+Michael&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Thomas&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3%934&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Palaeobotany+and+Palynology&rft.pages=319-328&rft.volume=156&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.revpalbo.2009.03.011&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Krings, Michael; Jean Galtier; Thomas N. Taylor; Nora Dotzler (2009). «Chytrid-like microfungi in Biscalitheca cf. musata (Zygopteridales) from the Upper Pennsylvanian Grand-Croix cherts (Saint-Etienne Basin, France)». <i>Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology</i>. <b>157</b> (3–4): 309–316. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.revpalbo.2009.06.001">10.1016/j.revpalbo.2009.06.001</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=Chytrid-like+microfungi+in+Biscalitheca+cf.+musata+%28Zygopteridales%29+from+the+Upper+Pennsylvanian+Grand-Croix+cherts+%28Saint-Etienne+Basin%2C+France%29&rft.au=Jean+Galtier&rft.au=Krings%2C+Michael&rft.au=Nora+Dotzler&rft.au=Thomas+N.+Taylor&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3%934&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Palaeobotany+and+Palynology&rft.pages=309-316&rft.volume=157&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.revpalbo.2009.06.001&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Michaels_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Michaels (author) (página não existe)">Michaels, David</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tomclancyssplint00davi"><i>Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Fallout</i></a>. [S.l.]: Penguin Group. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-425-21824-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-425-21824-2">978-0-425-21824-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Michaels&rft.btitle=Tom+Clancy%27s+Splinter+Cell%3A+Fallout&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-425-21824-2&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftomclancyssplint00davi&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlackMudpuppy-Chytrid-1-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BlackMudpuppy-Chytrid-1_55-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackmudpuppy.com/?comic=chytrid-crisis-part-one-cover-page">«Black Mudpuppy»</a>. Chytrid crisis: Part 1. 17 de outubro de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 29 de agosto de 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.btitle=Black+Mudpuppy&rft.date=2016-10-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft.series=Chytrid+crisis%3A+Part+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackmudpuppy.com%2F%3Fcomic%3Dchytrid-crisis-part-one-cover-page&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&action=edit&section=14" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 0px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui uma <i>categoria</i> com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chytridiomycota?uselang=pt">Chytridiomycota</a></span></b></div> </div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"><div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/25px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/38px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/50px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a><figcaption>Wikispecies</figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Página principal">Wikispecies</a> tem informações sobre: <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Chytridiomycota">Chytridiomycota</a></b></i></div></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nsfpeet.as.ua.edu/">«Chytrid fungi online – an NSF / PEET project website»</a>. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 16 de abril de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.btitle=Chytrid+fungi+online+%93+an+NSF+%2F+PEET+project+website&rft.genre=unknown&rft.place=Tuscaloosa%2C+AL&rft.pub=University+of+Alabama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnsfpeet.as.ua.edu%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umaine.edu/chytrids/index.html">«Longcore Lab»</a>. Orono, ME: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maine">University of Maine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213024304/http://www.umaine.edu/chytrids/index.html">Cópia arquivada em 13 de dezembro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.btitle=Longcore+Lab&rft.genre=unknown&rft.place=Orono%2C+ME&rft.pub=University+of+Maine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umaine.edu%2Fchytrids%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> — Includes links on how to isolate and culture chytrids.</li></ul> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/chytrids.html">«Introduction to the Chytridiomycota»</a>. U.C. Museum of Paleontology. Berkeley, CA: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Chytridiomycota&rft.genre=unknown&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pub=University+of+California%2C+Berkeley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucmp.berkeley.edu%2Ffungi%2Fchytrids.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fnpw.org.au/ForSupporters/PAWS/enews062/FrogWipeOut.htm">«Impact of chytrid fungus on frogs»</a>. Australia: Foundation for National Parks & Wildlife. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070110154101/http://www.fnpw.org.au/ForSupporters/PAWS/enews062/FrogWipeOut.htm">Cópia arquivada em 10 de janeiro de 2007</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.btitle=Impact+of+chytrid+fungus+on+frogs&rft.genre=unknown&rft.place=Australia&rft.pub=Foundation+for+National+Parks+%26+Wildlife&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fnpw.org.au%2FForSupporters%2FPAWS%2Fenews062%2FFrogWipeOut.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/id/17166620">«<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Amphibian Ark' aims to save frogs from fungus»</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AChytridiomycota&rft.atitle=%27Amphibian+Ark%27+aims+to+save+frogs+from+fungus&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2F17166620&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.theaquariumwiki.com/Chytrid_fungus" class="extiw" title="aquariumwiki:Chytrid fungus">Chytrid fungus</a> and how it impacts amphibians kept as domestic pets in the <a href="https://www.theaquariumwiki.com/" class="extiw" title="aquariumwiki:">Aquarium Wiki Encyclopaedia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2007/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Chytridiomycota">Chytridiomycota</a></i></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controle_de_autoridade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Controle_de_autoridade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Controle_de_autoridade" title="Ajuda:Controle de autoridade">Controle de autoridade</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473747" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q473747">Q473747</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Grande Enciclopédia Soviética">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/4666916">4666916</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Chytridiomycota">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.jstor.org/topic/chytridiomycota">chytridiomycota</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Identificadores_taxonómicos" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identificadores_taxonómicos" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomia" title="Taxonomia">Identificadores taxonómicos</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20425914" class="extiw" title="d:Q20425914">Dyntaxa</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dyntaxa.se/taxon/info/5000041">5000041</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A9dia_da_Vida" class="mw-redirect" title="Enciclopédia da Vida">EOL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/5767">5767</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Europeia_e_Mediterr%C3%A2nica_para_a_Prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_Plantas" title="Organização Europeia e Mediterrânica para a Proteção das Plantas">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1CHYTP">1CHYTP</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Index_Fungorum" title="Index Fungorum">Fungorum</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=90736">90736</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/94">94</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/125609">125609</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ITIS" title="ITIS">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=936289">936289</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/MycoBank" title="MycoBank">MycoBank</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mycobank.org/MB/90736">90736</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=4761">4761</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27463919" class="extiw" title="d:Q27463919">PPoE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bladmineerders.nl/parasites/fungi/chytridiomycota/">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/100370527">100370527</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Identificadores" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identificadores" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;">Identificadores</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D008411">D008411</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/B01.300.283">B01.300.283</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Unificado_de_Linguagem_M%C3%A9dica" title="Sistema Unificado de Linguagem Médica">UMLS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncim-stage.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&code=C0024892">C0024892</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Identificadores_taxonómicos" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identificadores_taxonómicos" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomia" title="Taxonomia">Identificadores taxonómicos</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20425914" class="extiw" title="d:Q20425914">Dyntaxa</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dyntaxa.se/taxon/info/5000041">5000041</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A9dia_da_Vida" class="mw-redirect" title="Enciclopédia da Vida">EOL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/5767">5767</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Europeia_e_Mediterr%C3%A2nica_para_a_Prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_Plantas" title="Organização Europeia e Mediterrânica para a Proteção das Plantas">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1CHYTP">1CHYTP</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Index_Fungorum" title="Index Fungorum">Fungorum</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=90736">90736</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/94">94</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/125609">125609</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ITIS" title="ITIS">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=936289">936289</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/MycoBank" title="MycoBank">MycoBank</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mycobank.org/MB/90736">90736</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=4761">4761</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27463919" class="extiw" title="d:Q27463919">PPoE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bladmineerders.nl/parasites/fungi/chytridiomycota/">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/100370527">100370527</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Opisthokonta:_Classificação_do_reino_Fungi,_ordens_de_fungos" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Fungi" title="Predefinição:Fungi"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Fungi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Fungi (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r57040788">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Dom%C3%ADnio_(biologia)" title="Domínio (biologia)">Domínio</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Archaea" title="Predefinição:Archaea">Archaea</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Bacteria" title="Predefinição:Bacteria">Bacteria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Eukaryota" title="Predefinição:Classificação Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a></dd> <dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040788"><span class="nobold">(Grupos principais</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Diaphoretickes" title="Diaphoretickes">Diaphoretickes</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Plantas" title="Predefinição:Classificação Plantas">Plantae</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Hacrobia" title="Predefinição:Hacrobia">Hacrobia</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Heterokonta" title="Predefinição:Heterokonta">Stramenopiles</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Alveolata" title="Predefinição:Alveolata">Alveolata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Rhizaria" title="Predefinição:Rhizaria">Rhizaria</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amorphea" title="Amorphea">Amorphea</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Amoebozoa" title="Predefinição:Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Opisthokonta" title="Predefinição:Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Animalia" title="Predefinição:Animalia">Animal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Fungi" title="Predefinição:Fungi">Fungi</a>)</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amastigomycota" title="Amastigomycota">Amastigomycota</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dikarya" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dikarya" title="Dikarya">Dikarya</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ascomycota(com_ascos)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><u><a href="/wiki/Ascomycota" title="Ascomycota">Ascomycota</a></u><br />(com <a href="/wiki/Asco_(fungos)" title="Asco (fungos)">ascos</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pezizomycotina" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pezizomycotina" title="Pezizomycotina">Pezizomycotina</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leotiomyceta" title="Leotiomyceta">Leotiomyceta</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dothideomyceta" class="mw-redirect" title="Dothideomyceta">Dothideomyceta</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coniocybomycetes" title="Coniocybomycetes">Coniocybomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichinomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichinomycetes">Lichinomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthoniomycetes" title="Arthoniomycetes">Arthoniomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collemopsidiomycetes" title="Collemopsidiomycetes">Collemopsidiomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dothideomycetes" title="Dothideomycetes">Dothideomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurotiomycetes" title="Eurotiomycetes">Eurotiomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecanoromycetes" title="Lecanoromycetes">Lecanoromycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sordariomyceta" class="mw-redirect" title="Sordariomyceta">Sordariomyceta</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xylonomycetes" title="Xylonomycetes">Xylonomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoglossomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoglossomycetes">Geoglossomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leotiomycetes" title="Leotiomycetes">Leotiomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboulbeniomycetes" title="Laboulbeniomycetes">Laboulbeniomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sordariomycetes" title="Sordariomycetes">Sordariomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outros</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbiliomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbiliomycetes">Orbiliomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pezizomycetes" title="Pezizomycetes">Pezizomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saccharomycotina" title="Saccharomycotina">Saccharomycotina</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saccharomycetes" title="Saccharomycetes">Saccharomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taphrinomycotina" title="Taphrinomycotina">Taphrinomycotina</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeorhizomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeorhizomycetes">Archaeorhizomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolecta" title="Neolecta">Neolectomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumocystis" title="Pneumocystis">Pneumocystidomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schizosaccharomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Schizosaccharomycetes">Schizosaccharomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taphrinomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Taphrinomycetes">Taphrinomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><u><a href="/wiki/Basidiomycota" title="Basidiomycota">Basidiomycota</a></u><br />(com <a href="/wiki/Bas%C3%ADdio" title="Basídio">basídios</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pucciniomycotina" title="Pucciniomycotina">Pucciniomycotina</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tritirachiomycetes" title="Tritirachiomycetes">Tritirachiomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixiomycetes" title="Mixiomycetes">Mixiomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agaricostilbomycetes" title="Agaricostilbomycetes">Agaricostilbomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cystobasidiomycetes" title="Cystobasidiomycetes">Cystobasidiomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microbotryomycetes" title="Microbotryomycetes">Microbotryomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classiculomycetes" title="Classiculomycetes">Classiculomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptomycocolacomycetes" title="Cryptomycocolacomycetes">Cryptomycocolacomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atractiellomycetes" title="Atractiellomycetes">Atractiellomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pucciniomycetes" title="Pucciniomycetes">Pucciniomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiculogloeomycetes" title="Spiculogloeomycetes">Spiculogloeomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orthomycotina" title="Orthomycotina">Orthomycotina</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ustilaginomycotina" title="Ustilaginomycotina">Ustilaginomycotina</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moniliellomycetes" title="Moniliellomycetes">Moniliellomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malasseziomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Malasseziomycetes">Malasseziomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustilaginomycetes" title="Ustilaginomycetes">Ustilaginomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exobasidiomycetes" title="Exobasidiomycetes">Exobasidiomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agaricomycotina" title="Agaricomycotina">Agaricomycotina</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hymenomycetidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymenomycetidae">Hymenomycetidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacrymycetes" title="Dacrymycetes">Dacrymycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agaricomycetes" title="Agaricomycetes">Agaricomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outros</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wallemiomycetes" title="Wallemiomycetes">Wallemiomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geminibasidiomycetes" title="Geminibasidiomycetes">Geminibasidiomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartheletiomycetes" title="Bartheletiomycetes">Bartheletiomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremellomycetes" title="Tremellomycetes">Tremellomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><u><a href="/wiki/Entorrhizomycota" title="Entorrhizomycota">Entorrhizomycota</a></u></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entorrhizomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Entorrhizomycetes">Entorrhizomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mucoromyceta" title="Mucoromyceta">Mucoromyceta</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><u><a href="/wiki/Mucoromycota" title="Mucoromycota">Mucoromycota</a></u></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umbelopsidomycetes" title="Umbelopsidomycetes">Umbelopsidomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucoromycetes" title="Mucoromycetes">Mucoromycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endogonomycetes" title="Endogonomycetes">Endogonomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><u><a href="/wiki/Mortierellomycota" title="Mortierellomycota">Mortierellomycota</a></u></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortierellomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortierellomycetes">Mortierellomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><u><a href="/wiki/Glomeromycota" title="Glomeromycota">Glomeromycota</a></u></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paraglomeromycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraglomeromycetes">Paraglomeromycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeosporomycetes" title="Archaeosporomycetes">Archaeosporomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glomeromycetes" title="Glomeromycetes">Glomeromycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><u><a href="/wiki/Calcarisporiellomycota" title="Calcarisporiellomycota">Calcarisporiellomycota</a></u></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcarisporiellomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcarisporiellomycetes">Calcarisporiellomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zoopagomyceta" title="Zoopagomyceta">Zoopagomyceta</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><u><a href="/wiki/Zoopagomycota" title="Zoopagomycota">Zoopagomycota</a></u></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoopagomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoopagomycetes">Zoopagomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><u><a href="/wiki/Entomophthoromycota" title="Entomophthoromycota">Entomophthoromycota</a></u></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neozygitomycetes" title="Neozygitomycetes">Neozygitomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entomophthoromycetes" title="Entomophthoromycetes">Entomophthoromycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><u><a href="/wiki/Kickxellomycota" title="Kickxellomycota">Kickxellomycota</a></u></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asellariomycetes" title="Asellariomycetes">Asellariomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbatosporomycetes" title="Barbatosporomycetes">Barbatosporomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimargaritomycetes" title="Dimargaritomycetes">Dimargaritomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpellomycetes" title="Harpellomycetes">Harpellomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickxellomycetes" title="Kickxellomycetes">Kickxellomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramicandelaberomycetes" title="Ramicandelaberomycetes">Ramicandelaberomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="antigo filo"><a href="/wiki/Zygomycota" title="Zygomycota">Zygomycota</a></abbr><br />(gupo parafilético)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><u><a href="/wiki/Olpidiomycota" title="Olpidiomycota">Olpidiomycota</a></u></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olpidiomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Olpidiomycetes">Olpidiomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><u><a href="/wiki/Basidiobolomycota" title="Basidiobolomycota">Basidiobolomycota</a></u></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basidiobolomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Basidiobolomycetes">Basidiobolomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%B3sporo" title="Zoósporo">Fungos zoospóricos</a><br />(grupo parafilético)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chytridiomyceta" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chytridiomyceta" title="Chytridiomyceta">Chytridiomyceta</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><u><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chytridiomycota</a></u></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chytridiomycetes" title="Chytridiomycetes">Chytridiomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cladochytriomycetes" title="Cladochytriomycetes">Cladochytriomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobulomycetes" title="Lobulomycetes">Lobulomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesochytriomycetes" title="Mesochytriomycetes">Mesochytriomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polychytriomycetes" title="Polychytriomycetes">Polychytriomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizophydiomycetes" title="Rhizophydiomycetes">Rhizophydiomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizophlyctidomycetes" title="Rhizophlyctidomycetes">Rhizophlyctidomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spizellomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Spizellomycetes">Spizellomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchytriomycetes" title="Synchytriomycetes">Synchytriomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><u><a href="/wiki/Neocallimastigomycota" title="Neocallimastigomycota">Neocallimastigomycota</a></u></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neocallimastigomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Neocallimastigomycetes">Neocallimastigomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caulochytriomycota" title="Caulochytriomycota">Caulochytriomycota</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caulochytriomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Caulochytriomycetes">Caulochytriomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monoblepharomycota" title="Monoblepharomycota">Monoblepharomycota</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyaloraphidiomycetes" title="Hyaloraphidiomycetes">Hyaloraphidiomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoblepharidomycetes" title="Monoblepharidomycetes">Monoblepharidomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanchytriomycetes" title="Sanchytriomycetes">Sanchytriomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><u><a href="/wiki/Blastocladiomycota" title="Blastocladiomycota">Blastocladiomycota</a></u></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physodermatomycetes" title="Physodermatomycetes">Physodermatomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blastocladiomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Blastocladiomycetes">Blastocladiomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><u><a href="/wiki/Aphelidiomycota" title="Aphelidiomycota">Aphelidiomycota</a></u></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphelidiomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphelidiomycetes">Aphelidiomycetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cryptomycota" title="Cryptomycota">Cryptomycota</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Rozellomyceta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rozellomyceta">Rozellomyceta</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Rozellomycota" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rozellomycota" title="Rozellomycota">Rozellomycota</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rozellomycetes" title="Rozellomycetes">Rozellomycetes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chytridiopsidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Chytridiopsidea">Chytridiopsidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metchnikovellea" class="mw-redirect" title="Metchnikovellea">Metchnikovellea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsporidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsporidea">Microsporidea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsporidiomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsporidiomycetes">Microsporidiomycetes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Microsporidia" title="Microsporidia">Microsporidia</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Os <a href="/wiki/Lista_de_ordens_de_fungos" title="Lista de ordens de fungos">filos do reino Fungi</a> estão <u>sublinhados</u>. Ver também: <a href="/wiki/Fungi_imperfecti" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi imperfecti">Fungi imperfecti</a> (grupo polifilético).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Filos/divisões_extantes_por_domínio" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Vida_na_Terra" title="Predefinição:Vida na Terra"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Vida_na_Terra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Vida na Terra (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Vida_na_Terra&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Filos/divisões_extantes_por_domínio" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Filos/divisões extantes por domínio</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bacteria" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Bacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acidobacteriota" title="Acidobacteriota">Acidobacteriota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinomycetota" title="Actinomycetota">Actinomycetota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquificota" title="Aquificota">Aquificota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armatimonadota" title="Armatimonadota">Armatimonadota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atribacterota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atribacterota (página não existe)">Atribacterota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacillota" title="Bacillota">Bacillota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacteroidota" title="Bacteroidota">Bacteroidota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balneolota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balneolota (página não existe)">Balneolota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bdellovibrionota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bdellovibrionota (página não existe)">Bdellovibrionota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldisericota" title="Caldisericota">Caldisericota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calditrichota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calditrichota (página não existe)">Calditrichota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campylobacterota" title="Campylobacterota">Campylobacterota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlamydiota" title="Chlamydiota">Chlamydiota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorobiota" title="Chlorobiota">Chlorobiota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroflexota" title="Chloroflexota">Chloroflexota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysiogenota" title="Chrysiogenota">Chrysiogenota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coprothermobacterota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coprothermobacterota (página não existe)">Coprothermobacterota</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria">Cyanobacteria</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deferribacterota" title="Deferribacterota">Deferribacterota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deinococcota" title="Deinococcota">Deinococcota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictyoglomota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dictyoglomota (página não existe)">Dictyoglomota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elusimicrobiota" title="Elusimicrobiota">Elusimicrobiota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrobacterota" title="Fibrobacterota">Fibrobacterota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusobacteriota" title="Fusobacteriota">Fusobacteriota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemmatimonadota" title="Gemmatimonadota">Gemmatimonadota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignavibacteriota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignavibacteriota (página não existe)">Ignavibacteriota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiritimatiellota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiritimatiellota (página não existe)">Kiritimatiellota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentisphaerota" title="Lentisphaerota">Lentisphaerota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasmatota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mycoplasmatota (página não existe)">Mycoplasmatota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myxococcota" title="Myxococcota">Myxococcota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrospinota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrospinota (página não existe)">Nitrospinota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrospirota" title="Nitrospirota">Nitrospirota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planctomycetota" title="Planctomycetota">Planctomycetota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudomonadota" title="Pseudomonadota">Pseudomonadota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodothermota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhodothermota (página não existe)">Rhodothermota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirochaetota" title="Spirochaetota">Spirochaetota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synergistota" title="Synergistota">Synergistota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermodesulfobacteriota" title="Thermodesulfobacteriota">Thermodesulfobacteriota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermomicrobiota" title="Thermomicrobiota">Thermomicrobiota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermotogota" title="Thermotogota">Thermotogota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verrucomicrobiota" title="Verrucomicrobiota">Verrucomicrobiota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Archaea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">Archaea</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Euryarchaeota" title="Euryarchaeota">Euryarchaeota</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Korarchaeota" title="Korarchaeota">Korarchaeota</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nanoarchaeota" title="Nanoarchaeota">Nanoarchaeota</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrososphaerota" title="Nitrososphaerota">Nitrososphaerota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoproteota" title="Thermoproteota">Thermoproteota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARMAN" title="ARMAN">ARMAN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protista" title="Protista">Protista</a> (ou <a href="/wiki/Protoctista" class="mw-redirect" title="Protoctista">Protoctista</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alveolata" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolata">Alveolata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancyromonadida" title="Ancyromonadida">Ancyromonadida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apusomonadida" title="Apusomonadida">Apusomonadida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breviatea" title="Breviatea">Breviatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRuMs" title="CRuMs">CRuMs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercozoa" title="Cercozoa">Cercozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora">Ciliophora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptophyta" title="Cryptophyta">Cryptophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discoba" title="Discoba">Discoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euglenozoa" title="Euglenozoa">Euglenozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haptista" title="Haptista">Haptista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemimastigophora" title="Hemimastigophora">Hemimastigophora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakobea" title="Jakobea">Jakobea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawimonada" title="Malawimonada">Malawimonada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamonada" title="Metamonada">Metamonada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provora" title="Provora">Provora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria">Rhizaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stramenopiles" title="Stramenopiles">Stramenopiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telonemia" title="Telonemia">Telonemia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascomycota" title="Ascomycota">Ascomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphelidiomycota" title="Aphelidiomycota">Aphelidiomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basidiobolomycota" title="Basidiobolomycota">Basidiobolomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basidiomycota" title="Basidiomycota">Basidiomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blastocladiomycota" title="Blastocladiomycota">Blastocladiomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcarisporiellomycota" title="Calcarisporiellomycota">Calcarisporiellomycota</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chytridiomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entomophthoromycota" title="Entomophthoromycota">Entomophthoromycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entorrhizomycota" title="Entorrhizomycota">Entorrhizomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glomeromycota" title="Glomeromycota">Glomeromycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickxellomycota" title="Kickxellomycota">Kickxellomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoblepharomycota" title="Monoblepharomycota">Monoblepharomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortierellomycota" title="Mortierellomycota">Mortierellomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucoromycota" title="Mucoromycota">Mucoromycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocallimastigomycota" title="Neocallimastigomycota">Neocallimastigomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olpidiomycota" title="Olpidiomycota">Olpidiomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozellomycota" title="Rozellomycota">Rozellomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoopagomycota" title="Zoopagomycota">Zoopagomycota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plantas_com_flor" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantas com flor">Angiospermae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthocerotophyta" title="Anthocerotophyta">Anthocerotophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charophyta" title="Charophyta">Charophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorophyta" title="Chlorophyta">Chlorophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycadophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycadophyta">Cycadophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginkgophyta">Ginkgophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaucophyta" title="Glaucophyta">Glaucophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnetophyta" title="Gnetophyta">Gnetophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycopodiophyta" title="Lycopodiophyta">Lycopodiophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchantiophyta" title="Marchantiophyta">Marchantiophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musgos" class="mw-redirect" title="Musgos">Bryophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">Pinophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pteridophyta" title="Pteridophyta">Pteridophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodophyta" title="Rhodophyta">Rhodophyta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acanthocephala" title="Acanthocephala">Acanthocephala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annelida" class="mw-redirect" title="Annelida">Annelida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropoda">Arthropoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachiopoda" title="Brachiopoda">Brachiopoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryozoa">Bryozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaetognatha" title="Chaetognatha">Chaetognatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chordate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordate">Chordate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctenophora" title="Ctenophora">Ctenophora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycliophora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycliophora">Cycliophora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicyemida" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicyemida">Dicyemida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entoprocta" title="Entoprocta">Entoprocta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echinodermata" title="Echinodermata">Echinodermata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrotricha" title="Gastrotricha">Gastrotricha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnathostomulida" title="Gnathostomulida">Gnathostomulida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemichordata" title="Hemichordata">Hemichordata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinorhyncha" title="Kinorhyncha">Kinorhyncha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loricifera" title="Loricifera">Loricifera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micrognathozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Micrognathozoa">Micrognathozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mollusca" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusca">Mollusca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nematoda" title="Nematoda">Nematoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nematomorpha" title="Nematomorpha">Nematomorpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemertea" title="Nemertea">Nemertea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychophora" title="Onychophora">Onychophora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthonectida" title="Orthonectida">Orthonectida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoronida" title="Phoronida">Phoronida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placozoa" title="Placozoa">Placozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platyhelminthes" title="Platyhelminthes">Platyhelminthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porifera" title="Porifera">Porifera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priapulida" title="Priapulida">Priapulida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotifera" title="Rotifera">Rotifera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tardigrada" title="Tardigrada">Tardigrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenacoelomorpha" title="Xenacoelomorpha">Xenacoelomorpha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><i><a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">Incertae sedis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Parakaryon_myojinensis" title="Parakaryon myojinensis">Parakaryon</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&oldid=66086781">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chytridiomycota&oldid=66086781</a>"</div></div> <div 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