CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Opportunity (rover) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"87086096-4dd9-414c-b452-0d2f1e59121c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Opportunity_(rover)","wgTitle":"Opportunity (rover)","wgCurRevisionId":1259745536,"wgRevisionId":1259745536,"wgArticleId":421051,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from November 2022","Use American English from January 2019","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2019", "Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link","Commons link is locally defined","Mars Exploration Rover mission","2003 robots","Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle","Mars rovers","Missions to Mars","Robots of the United States","Six-wheeled robots","Solar-powered robots","Space probes decommissioned in 2019","Space probes launched in 2003","Spacecraft launched by Delta II rockets","Derelict landers (spacecraft)","Soft landings on Mars","2004 on Mars","Mars robots"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Opportunity_(rover)","wgRelevantArticleId":421051,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q193538","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg/1200px-NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="960"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg/800px-NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg/640px-NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="512"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Opportunity (rover) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Opportunity_rover rootpage-Opportunity_rover skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Opportunity+%28rover%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Opportunity+%28rover%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Opportunity+%28rover%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Opportunity+%28rover%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Objectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Objectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Objectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Objectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mission timeline</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mission_timeline-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mission timeline subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mission_timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Launch_and_landing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launch_and_landing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Launch and landing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launch_and_landing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_mission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_mission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>End of mission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_mission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design_and_construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_and_construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Design and construction</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Design_and_construction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Design and construction subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Design_and_construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Science_payload" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_payload"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Science payload</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_payload-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_findings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_findings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Scientific findings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_findings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-NASA_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NASA_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>NASA links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NASA_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MSSS_and_WUSTL_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MSSS_and_WUSTL_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>MSSS and WUSTL links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MSSS_and_WUSTL_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Other links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Opportunity</i> (rover)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="أبورتيونيتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبورتيونيتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Opportunity (марсаход) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Opportunity (марсаход)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Опъртюнити (марсоход) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Опъртюнити (марсоход)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_(kulgur)" title="Opportunity (kulgur) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Opportunity (kulgur)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C_(%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF)" title="آپورچونیتی (مریخ‌نورد) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آپورچونیتی (مریخ‌نورد)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%8D%BC%ED%8A%9C%EB%8B%88%ED%8B%B0_(%ED%83%90%EC%82%AC%EC%B0%A8)" title="오퍼튜니티 (탐사차) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오퍼튜니티 (탐사차)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="अपॉर्च्युनिटी रोवर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अपॉर्च्युनिटी रोवर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99" title="אופורטוניטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אופורטוניטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/MER-B_Opportunity" title="MER-B Opportunity – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="MER-B Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perayau_Opportunity" title="Perayau Opportunity – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perayau Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_(MER)" title="Opportunity (MER) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Opportunity (MER)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9D%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8B%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3" title="オポチュニティ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オポチュニティ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_(%C5%82azik)" title="Opportunity (łazik) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Opportunity (łazik)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_(sonda_espacial)" title="Opportunity (sonda espacial) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Opportunity (sonda espacial)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehiculul_spa%C8%9Bial_Opportunity" title="Vehiculul spațial Opportunity – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vehiculul spațial Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Оппортьюнити – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оппортьюнити" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Opportunity (rover)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ئاپرتوونتی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاپرتوونتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Опортјунити (марсовски ровер) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Опортјунити (марсовски ровер)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Opportunity" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF" title="ஆப்பர்சூனிட்டி தளவுளவி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆப்பர்சூனிட்டி தளவுளவி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80_(%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D)" title="ఆపర్చునిటీ (రోవర్) – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆపర్చునిటీ (రోవర్)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" title="ออปเพอร์จูนิที – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออปเพอร์จูนิที" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_(ke%C5%9Fif_arac%C4%B1)" title="Opportunity (keşif aracı) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Opportunity (keşif aracı)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D1%96" title="Оппортьюніті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Оппортьюніті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="آپرچونیٹی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آپرچونیٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_(xe_t%E1%BB%B1_h%C3%A0nh)" title="Opportunity (xe tự hành) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Opportunity (xe tự hành)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E9%81%87%E5%8F%B7" title="机遇号 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="机遇号" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E9%81%87%E5%8F%B7%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%BC%AB%E6%B8%B8%E8%BD%A6" title="机遇号火星漫游车 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="机遇号火星漫游车" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193538#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Opportunity_(rover)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Opportunity_(rover)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Opportunity_(rover)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&oldid=1259745536" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Opportunity_%28rover%29&id=1259745536&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOpportunity_%28rover%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOpportunity_%28rover%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Opportunity_%28rover%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Opportunity_rover" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193538" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">NASA Mars rover deployed in 2004</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title"><i>Opportunity</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg/260px-NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg/390px-NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg/520px-NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">An artist's portrayal of <i>Opportunity</i> operating on the surface of Mars</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Mars rover</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-032A">2003-032A</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193538#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">27849</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/">Mars Exploration Rover</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>Planned: 90 <a href="/wiki/Sol_(day_on_Mars)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sol (day on Mars)">sols</a> (92.5 days)</li><li>Actual: 5,352 sols (5,498 days)</li><li>(8 <a href="/wiki/Timekeeping_on_Mars#Definition_of_year_and_seasons" title="Timekeeping on Mars">Mars years</a>, 15 Earth years)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dry mass</th><td class="infobox-data">185 kilograms (408 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Power</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">Solar panels</a>: 140 <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">W</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">July 8, 2003, 03:18 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a><sup id="cite_ref-NASA-Opportunity_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-Opportunity-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LaunchDetails_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaunchDetails-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Delta_II_Heavy" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta II Heavy">Delta II Heavy</a><sup id="cite_ref-LaunchDetails_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaunchDetails-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nasa_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jonathan's_Space_Report_No._504_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jonathan's_Space_Report_No._504-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_17" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 17">SLC-17B</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contractor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Declared</th><td class="infobox-data">February 13, 2019<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20190213_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20190213-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last contact</th><td class="infobox-data">June 10, 2018<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20190213_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20190213-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;"><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> rover</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data">January 25, 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-Opportunity_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-Opportunity-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />05:05 UTC <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_Event_Time" title="Spacecraft Event Time">SCET</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timekeeping_on_Mars" title="Timekeeping on Mars">MSD</a> 46236 14:35 <a href="/wiki/Airy_Mean_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Airy Mean Time">AMT</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(Meridiani_Planum_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle (Meridiani Planum crater)">Eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meridiani_Planum" title="Meridiani Planum">Meridiani Planum</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Opportunity_(rover)&params=1.9462_S_354.4734_E_globe:Mars&title=Opportunity+rover"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">1°56′46″S</span> <span class="longitude">354°28′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">1.9462°S 354.4734°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-1.9462; 354.4734</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Opportunity rover</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Esri-Mapping_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esri-Mapping-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Distance driven</th><td class="infobox-data">45.16 km (28.06 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-mer-status_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mer-status-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasa_mer_daffy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/19/Nasa_mer_daffy.png/180px-Nasa_mer_daffy.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/19/Nasa_mer_daffy.png/270px-Nasa_mer_daffy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/19/Nasa_mer_daffy.png 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="272" /></a></span><br /><i>Opportunity</i> mission patch, featuring <a href="/wiki/Duck_Dodgers" title="Duck Dodgers">Duck Dodgers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Daffy_Duck" title="Daffy Duck">Daffy Duck</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Patch_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patch-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><b><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration Program</a></b></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <i><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)">Spirit</a></i></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">MRO</a> →</div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><b><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> Mars rovers</b></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <i><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)">Spirit</a></i></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><i><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)">Curiosity</a></i> →</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Opportunity</b></i>, also known as <b>MER-B</b> (<b>Mars Exploration Rover – B</b>) or <b>MER-1</b>, and nicknamed <b>Oppy</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">robotic</a> <a href="/wiki/Rover_(space_exploration)" title="Rover (space exploration)">rover</a> that was active on <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> from 2004 until 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-Opportunity_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-Opportunity-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Opportunity</i> was operational on Mars for 5111 <a href="/wiki/Timekeeping_on_Mars#Sols" title="Timekeeping on Mars">sols</a> (14 years, 138 days on Earth). Launched on July 7, 2003, as part of <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a> program, it landed in <a href="/wiki/Meridiani_Planum" title="Meridiani Planum">Meridiani Planum</a> on January 25, 2004, three weeks after its twin, <i><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)">Spirit</a></i> (MER-A), touched down on the other side of the planet.<sup id="cite_ref-january_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-january-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a planned 90-<a href="/wiki/Sol_(day_on_Mars)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sol (day on Mars)">sol</a> duration of activity (slightly less than 92.5 Earth days), <i>Spirit</i> functioned until it got stuck in 2009 and ceased communications in 2010, while <i>Opportunity</i> was able to stay operational for 5111 sols after landing, maintaining its power and key systems through continual recharging of its batteries using <a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">solar power</a>, and hibernating during events such as dust storms to save power. This careful operation allowed <i>Opportunity</i> to operate for 57 times its designed lifespan, exceeding the initial plan by 14 years, 47 days (in Earth time). By June 10, 2018, when it last contacted NASA,<sup id="cite_ref-Malik2018_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malik2018-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rayl2018-08_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rayl2018-08-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the rover had traveled a distance of 45.16 kilometers (28.06 miles).<sup id="cite_ref-mer-status_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mer-status-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mission highlights included the initial 90-sol mission, finding <a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">meteorites</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Heat_Shield_Rock" title="Heat Shield Rock">Heat Shield Rock</a> (Meridiani Planum meteorite), and over two years of exploring and studying <a href="/wiki/Victoria_crater" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria crater">Victoria crater</a>. The rover survived moderate dust storms and in 2011 reached <a href="/wiki/Endeavour_crater" class="mw-redirect" title="Endeavour crater">Endeavour crater</a>, which has been considered as a "second landing site".<sup id="cite_ref-wustl_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wustl-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Opportunity</i> mission is considered one of NASA's most successful ventures.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/Opportunity_mission_timeline#Dust_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Opportunity mission timeline">planetary 2018 dust storm</a> on Mars, <i>Opportunity</i> ceased communications on June 10 and entered <a href="/wiki/Safe_mode_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Safe mode (spacecraft)">hibernation</a> on June 12, 2018. It was hoped it would reboot once the weather cleared,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it did not, suggesting either a catastrophic failure or that a layer of dust had covered its solar panels. NASA hoped to re-establish contact with the rover, citing a recurring windy period which was forecast for November 2018 to January 2019, that could potentially clean off its solar panels.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 13, 2019, NASA officials declared that the <i>Opportunity</i> mission was complete, after the spacecraft had failed to respond to over 1,000 signals sent since August 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Objectives">Objectives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Objectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The scientific objectives of the Mars Exploration Rover mission were to:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Search for and characterize a variety of rocks and soils that hold clues to past <a href="/wiki/Water_on_Mars" title="Water on Mars">water</a> activity. In particular, samples sought include those that have minerals deposited by water-related processes such as <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_vapor" title="Water vapor">evaporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary cementation</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hydrothermal_activity" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrothermal activity">hydrothermal activity</a>.</li> <li>Determine the distribution and composition of minerals, rocks, and soils surrounding the landing sites.</li> <li>Determine what <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Mars" title="Geology of Mars">geologic processes</a> have shaped the local terrain and influenced the chemistry. Such processes could include water or wind erosion, sedimentation, hydrothermal mechanisms, volcanism, and cratering.</li> <li>Perform calibration and validation of surface observations made by <a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a> (MRO) instruments. This will help determine the accuracy and effectiveness of various instruments that survey Martian geology from orbit.</li> <li>Search for iron-containing minerals, and to identify and quantify relative amounts of specific mineral types that contain water or were formed in water, such as iron-bearing carbonates.</li> <li>Characterize the <a href="/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy">mineralogy</a> and textures of rocks and soils to determine the processes that created them.</li> <li>Search for geological clues to the environmental conditions that existed when liquid water was present.</li> <li>Assess whether those environments were conducive to life.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_timeline">Mission timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mission timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">Timeline of Opportunity</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_of_Opportunity_trajectory.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Animation_of_Opportunity_trajectory.gif/220px-Animation_of_Opportunity_trajectory.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Animation_of_Opportunity_trajectory.gif/330px-Animation_of_Opportunity_trajectory.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Animation_of_Opportunity_trajectory.gif/440px-Animation_of_Opportunity_trajectory.gif 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Animation of Opportunity trajectory from July 9, 2003, to January 25, 2004<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color: Yellow; color:black;"> </span>  Sun</span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color: RoyalBlue; color:white;"> </span>  Earth</span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Lime; color:black;"> </span>  Mars</span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Magenta; color:black;"> </span>  Opportunity </span></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Opportunity</i> and <i>Spirit</i> rovers were part of the <a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a> program in the long-term <a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration Program</a>. The Mars Exploration Program's four principal goals were to determine if the potential for life exists on Mars (in particular, whether recoverable water may be found on Mars), to characterize the Mars climate and its geology, and then to prepare for a potential human mission to Mars. The Mars Exploration Rovers were to travel across the Martian surface and perform periodic geologic analyses to determine if water ever existed on Mars as well as the types of minerals available, as well as to corroborate data taken by the <a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a> (MRO).<sup id="cite_ref-nasa2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both rovers were designed with an expected 90 <a href="/wiki/Martian_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Martian day">sols</a> (92 Earth days) lifetime, but each lasted much longer than expected. <i>Spirit</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> mission lasted 20 times longer than its expected lifetime, and its mission was declared ended on May 25, 2011, after it got stuck in soft sand and expended its power reserves trying to free itself. <i>Opportunity</i> lasted 55 times longer than its 90 sol planned lifetime, operating for 5498 days from landing to mission end. An archive of weekly updates on the rover's status can be found at the <i>Opportunity</i> Update Archive.<sup id="cite_ref-OpportunityUpdateArchive_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpportunityUpdateArchive-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launch_and_landing">Launch and landing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Launch and landing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mer-b-final-launch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mer-b-final-launch.jpg/170px-Mer-b-final-launch.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mer-b-final-launch.jpg/255px-Mer-b-final-launch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mer-b-final-launch.jpg/340px-Mer-b-final-launch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2023" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Delta II Heavy (7925H-9.5) lifting off from pad 17-B carrying MER-B in 2003 with <i>Opportunity</i> rover</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Spirit</i> and <i>Opportunity</i> were launched a month apart, on June 10 and July 8, 2003, and both reached the Martian surface by January 2004. <i>Opportunity</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s launch was managed by <a href="/wiki/NASA%27s_Launch_Services_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA's Launch Services Program">NASA's Launch Services Program</a>. This was the first launch of the <a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II</a> Heavy. The launch period went from June 25 to July 15, 2003. The first launch attempt occurred on June 28, 2003, but the spacecraft launched nine days later on July 7, 2003, due to delays for range safety and winds, then later to replace items on the rocket (insulation and a battery). Each day had two instantaneous launch opportunities. On the day of launch, the launch was delayed to the second opportunity (11:18 p.m. EDT) in order to fix a valve.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MOLA_opportunity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/MOLA_opportunity.jpg/200px-MOLA_opportunity.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/MOLA_opportunity.jpg/300px-MOLA_opportunity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/MOLA_opportunity.jpg/400px-MOLA_opportunity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><i>Opportunity</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s landing site (denoted with a star)</figcaption></figure> <p>On January 25, 2004 (GMT) (January 24, 2004, PST),<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the airbag-protected landing craft settled onto the surface of Mars in the Eagle crater. </p><p>From its initial landing into an <a href="/wiki/Eagle_(crater)" title="Eagle (crater)">impact crater</a> amidst an otherwise generally flat plain, <i>Opportunity</i> successfully investigated regolith and rock samples and took panoramic photos of its landing site. Its sampling allowed NASA scientists to make hypotheses concerning the presence of <a href="/wiki/Hematite" title="Hematite">hematite</a> and past presence of water on the surface of Mars.<sup id="cite_ref-GZM-20190215_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GZM-20190215-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this, it was directed to travel across the surface of Mars to investigate another crater site, <a href="/wiki/Endurance_crater" class="mw-redirect" title="Endurance crater">Endurance crater</a>, which it explored from June to December 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, <i>Opportunity</i> examined the impact site of its own <a href="/wiki/Heat_shield" title="Heat shield">heat shield</a> and discovered an intact <a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">meteorite</a>, now known as <a href="/wiki/Heat_Shield_Rock" title="Heat Shield Rock">Heat Shield Rock</a>, on the surface of Mars.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Opportunity</i> was directed to proceed in a southerly direction to <a href="/wiki/Erebus_(crater)" title="Erebus (crater)">Erebus crater</a>, a large, shallow, partially buried crater and a stopover on the way south towards <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(crater)" title="Victoria (crater)">Victoria crater</a>, between October 2005 and March 2006. It experienced some mechanical problems with its robotic arm. </p><p>In late September 2006, <i>Opportunity</i> reached Victoria crater and explored along the rim in a clockwise direction. In June 2007 it returned to Duck Bay, its original arrival point at Victoria crater; in September 2007 it entered the crater to begin a detailed study. In August 2008, <i>Opportunity</i> left Victoria crater for <a href="/wiki/Endeavour_(crater)" title="Endeavour (crater)">Endeavour crater</a>, which it reached on August 9, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_–_NASA_Mars_Rover_Arrives_at_New_Site_on_Martian_Surface_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_–_NASA_Mars_Rover_Arrives_at_New_Site_on_Martian_Surface-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the rim of the Endeavour crater, the rover moved around a geographic feature named <i>Cape York</i>. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter had detected <a href="/wiki/Phyllosilicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyllosilicate">phyllosilicates</a> there, and the rover analyzed the rocks with its instruments to check this sighting on the ground. This structure was analyzed in depth until summer 2013. In May 2013 the rover was heading south to a hill named <i><a href="/wiki/Solander_Point" title="Solander Point">Solander Point</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opportunity_rover_lifetime_progress_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Opportunity_rover_lifetime_progress_map.jpg/310px-Opportunity_rover_lifetime_progress_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Opportunity_rover_lifetime_progress_map.jpg/465px-Opportunity_rover_lifetime_progress_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Opportunity_rover_lifetime_progress_map.jpg/620px-Opportunity_rover_lifetime_progress_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2868" data-file-height="2537" /></a><figcaption>Lifetime progress map with Washington, D.C. overlay for size and distance comparison</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Opportunity</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s total odometry by June 10, 2018 (sol 5111), was 45.16 km (28.06 mi), while the dust factor was 10.8.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since January 2013, the solar array dust factor (one of the determinants of solar power production) varied from a relatively dusty 0.467 on December 5, 2013 (sol 3507), to a relatively clean 0.964 on May 13, 2014 (sol 3662).<sup id="cite_ref-Opportunity_Updates_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Opportunity_Updates-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2014, NASA reported that <i>Opportunity</i> was suffering from "<a href="/wiki/Amnesia" title="Amnesia">amnesia</a>" events in which the rover failed to write data, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Telemetry" title="Telemetry">telemetry</a> information, to <a href="/wiki/Non-volatile_memory" title="Non-volatile memory">non-volatile memory</a>. The hardware failure was believed to be due to an age-related fault in one of the rover's seven memory banks. As a result, NASA had aimed to force the rover's software to ignore the failed memory bank;<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> amnesia events continued to occur, however, which eventually resulted in vehicle resets.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2019)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In light of this, on Sol 4027 (May 23, 2015), the rover was configured to operate in RAM-only mode, completely avoiding the use of non-volatile memory for storage.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_mission">End of mission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: End of mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mars_Opportunity_tau_watt-hours_graph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Mars_Opportunity_tau_watt-hours_graph.jpg/220px-Mars_Opportunity_tau_watt-hours_graph.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Mars_Opportunity_tau_watt-hours_graph.jpg/330px-Mars_Opportunity_tau_watt-hours_graph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Mars_Opportunity_tau_watt-hours_graph.jpg/440px-Mars_Opportunity_tau_watt-hours_graph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Graph of atmospheric opacity and <i>Opportunity'</i>s energy reserve</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA22222-Mars-OpportunityRover-FirstSelfie-20180220.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/PIA22222-Mars-OpportunityRover-FirstSelfie-20180220.jpg/220px-PIA22222-Mars-OpportunityRover-FirstSelfie-20180220.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/PIA22222-Mars-OpportunityRover-FirstSelfie-20180220.jpg/330px-PIA22222-Mars-OpportunityRover-FirstSelfie-20180220.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/PIA22222-Mars-OpportunityRover-FirstSelfie-20180220.jpg/440px-PIA22222-Mars-OpportunityRover-FirstSelfie-20180220.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1639" data-file-height="1334" /></a><figcaption><i>Opportunity</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s first self-portrait on Mars<br />(February 14–20, 2018 / <a href="/wiki/Sol_(day_on_Mars)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sol (day on Mars)">sols</a> 4998−5004)</figcaption></figure> <p>In early June 2018, a large planetary-scale dust storm developed, and within a few days the rover's solar panels were not generating enough power to maintain communications, with the last contact on June 10, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20190213_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20190213-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA stated that they did not expect to resume communication until after the storm subsided,<sup id="cite_ref-Official_updates_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_updates-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the rover kept silent even after the storm ended in early October,<sup id="cite_ref-Official_updates_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_updates-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggesting either a catastrophic failure or a layer of dust covering its solar panels.<sup id="cite_ref-covered_panels_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-covered_panels-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team remained hopeful that a windy period between November 2018 and January 2019 might clear the dust from its solar panels, as had happened before.<sup id="cite_ref-covered_panels_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-covered_panels-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wind was detected nearby on January 8, and on January 26 the mission team announced a plan to begin broadcasting a new set of commands to the rover in case its radio receiver failed.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 12, 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> past and present members of the mission team gathered in the <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> (JPL)'s <a href="/wiki/Space_Flight_Operations_Facility" title="Space Flight Operations Facility">Space Flight Operations Facility</a> to watch final commands being transmitted to Opportunity via the 70-meter (230-foot) dish of the <a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex">Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex</a> in California. Following 25 minutes of transmission of the final 4 sets of commands, communication attempts with the rover were handed off to <a href="/wiki/Canberra_Deep_Space_Communication_Complex" title="Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex">Canberra, Australia</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>More than 835 recovery commands were transmitted since losing signal in June 2018 to the end of January 2019 with over 1000 recovery commands transmitted before February 13, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA officials held a press conference on February 13 to declare an official end to the mission. NASA associate administrator Thomas Zurbuchen said, "It is therefore that I am standing here with a deep sense of appreciation and gratitude that I declare the <i>Opportunity</i> mission is complete."<sup id="cite_ref-Chang_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As NASA ended their attempts to contact the rover, the last data sent was the song "<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Be_Seeing_You_(song)" title="I'll Be Seeing You (song)">I'll Be Seeing You</a>" performed by <a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assets that had been needed to support <i>Opportunity</i> were transitioned to support the <i><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)">Curiosity</a></i> rover and the then-upcoming <i><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)">Perseverance</a></i> rover.<sup id="cite_ref-Chang_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The final communication from the rover came on June 10, 2018 (sol 5111) from Perseverance Valley,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and indicated a solar array energy production of 22 <a href="/wiki/Watt-hour" class="mw-redirect" title="Watt-hour">Watt-hours</a> for the sol, and the highest atmospheric opacity (tau) ever measured on Mars: 10.8.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_construction">Design and construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Design and construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover#Scientific_instrumentation" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover § Scientific instrumentation</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mars_Exploration_Rover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Mars_Exploration_Rover.jpg/220px-Mars_Exploration_Rover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Mars_Exploration_Rover.jpg/330px-Mars_Exploration_Rover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Mars_Exploration_Rover.jpg/440px-Mars_Exploration_Rover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>Annotated rover diagram</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MER_Pancam.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/MER_Pancam.JPG/170px-MER_Pancam.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/MER_Pancam.JPG/255px-MER_Pancam.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/MER_Pancam.JPG/340px-MER_Pancam.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1725" data-file-height="2594" /></a><figcaption>Pancam Mast Assembly (PMA)</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Opportunity </i> (and its twin, <i><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)">Spirit</a></i>) are six-wheeled, <a href="/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">solar-powered</a> robots standing 1.5 meters (4.9 ft) high, 2.3 meters (7.5 ft) wide and 1.6 meters (5.2 ft) long and weighing 180 kilograms (400 lb). Six wheels on a <a href="/wiki/Rocker-bogie" title="Rocker-bogie">rocker-bogie</a> system enabled mobility over rough terrain. Each wheel had its own motor. The vehicle was steered at front and rear and was designed to operate safely at tilts of up to 30 degrees. The maximum speed was 5 centimeters per second (2.0 in/s);<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 0.18 kilometers per hour (0.11 mph), although the average speed was about 1 centimeter per second (0.39 in/s). Both <i>Spirit</i> and <i>Opportunity</i> have pieces of the fallen <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a>'s metal on them that were "turned into shields to protect cables on the drilling mechanisms".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Solar arrays generated about 140 watts for up to fourteen hours per sol, while rechargeable <a href="/wiki/Lithium_ion_batteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium ion batteries">lithium ion batteries</a> stored energy for use at night. <i>Opportunity</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s onboard computer uses a 20 MHz <a href="/wiki/IBM_RAD6000" title="IBM RAD6000">RAD6000</a> CPU with 128 MB of DRAM and 3 MB of EEPROM.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rover's <a href="/wiki/Operating_temperature" title="Operating temperature">operating temperature</a> ranges from −40 to +40 °C (−40 to 104 °F) and <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope_heater_unit" title="Radioisotope heater unit">radioisotope heaters</a> provide a base level of heating, assisted by electrical heaters when necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Communications depended on an omnidirectional low-gain antenna communicating at a low data rate and a steerable high-gain antenna, both in direct contact with Earth. A low-gain antenna was also used to relay data to spacecraft orbiting Mars.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_payload">Science payload</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Science payload"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The science instruments included:<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancam" title="Pancam">Panoramic Camera (Pancam)</a> – examined the texture, color, mineralogy, and structure of the local terrain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navcam" title="Navcam">Navigation Camera (Navcam)</a> – monochrome with a higher field of view but lower resolution, for navigation and driving.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-TES" title="Mini-TES">Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES)</a> – identified promising rocks and soils for closer examination, and determined the processes that formed them.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazcam" title="Hazcam">Hazcams</a>, two B&W cameras with 120 degree field of view, that provided additional data about the rover's surroundings.</li></ul> <p>The rover arm held the following instruments:<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ssbauer_spectrometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mössbauer spectrometer">Mössbauer spectrometer</a> (MB) <a href="/wiki/MIMOS_II" title="MIMOS II">MIMOS II</a> – used for close-up investigations of the mineralogy of iron-bearing rocks and soils.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_particle_X-ray_spectrometer" title="Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer">Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer</a> (APXS) – close-up analysis of the abundances of elements that make up rocks and soils.</li> <li>Magnets – for collecting magnetic dust particles.</li> <li>Microscopic Imager (MI) – obtained close-up, high-resolution images of rocks and soils.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Abrasion_Tool" title="Rock Abrasion Tool">Rock Abrasion Tool</a> (RAT) – exposed fresh material for examination by instruments on board.</li></ul> <p><i>Opportunity</i> was 'driven' by several operators throughout its mission, including JPL roboticist <a href="/wiki/Vandi_Verma" title="Vandi Verma">Vandi Verma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sm2019_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sm2019-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Power">Power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover#Power_and_electronic_systems" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover § Power and electronic systems</a></div> <p>The rover uses a combination of solar cells and a rechargeable chemical battery.<sup id="cite_ref-mars.nasa.gov_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mars.nasa.gov-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This class of rover has two rechargeable <a href="/wiki/Lithium_battery" title="Lithium battery">lithium batteries</a>, each composed of 8 cells with 8 <a href="/wiki/Ampere_hour" class="mw-redirect" title="Ampere hour">amp-hour</a> capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the start of the mission the solar panels could provide up to around 900 watt-hours (Wh) per day to recharge the battery and power system in one Sol, but this could vary due to a variety of factors.<sup id="cite_ref-mars.nasa.gov_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mars.nasa.gov-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Eagle_crater" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle crater">Eagle crater</a> the cells were producing about 840 Wh per day, but by Sol 319 in December 2004, it had dropped to 730 Wh per day.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like Earth, Mars has seasonal variations that reduce sunlight during winter. However, since the Martian year is longer than that of the Earth, the seasons fully rotate roughly once every 2 Earth years.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2016, MER-B had endured seven Martian winters, during which times power levels drop which can mean the rover avoids doing activities that use a lot of power.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During its first winter power levels dropped to under 300 Wh per day for two months, but some later winters were not as bad.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another factor that can reduce received power is dust in the atmosphere, especially dust storms.<sup id="cite_ref-phys.org_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phys.org-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dust storms have occurred quite frequently when Mars is closest to the Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-phys.org_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phys.org-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Global dust storms in 2007 reduced power levels for <i>Opportunity</i> and <i>Spirit</i> so much they could only run for a few minutes each day.<sup id="cite_ref-phys.org_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phys.org-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the <a href="/wiki/Opportunity_mission_timeline#Dust_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Opportunity mission timeline">2018 dust storms</a> on Mars, <i>Opportunity</i> entered <a href="/wiki/Safe_mode_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Safe mode (spacecraft)">hibernation mode</a> on June 12,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it remained silent after the storm subsided in early October.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_updates_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_updates-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_findings">Scientific findings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Scientific findings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scientific_information_from_the_Mars_Exploration_Rover_mission" title="Scientific information from the Mars Exploration Rover mission">Scientific information from the Mars Exploration Rover mission</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA07269-Mars_Rover_Opportunity-Iron_Meteorite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PIA07269-Mars_Rover_Opportunity-Iron_Meteorite.jpg/220px-PIA07269-Mars_Rover_Opportunity-Iron_Meteorite.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PIA07269-Mars_Rover_Opportunity-Iron_Meteorite.jpg/330px-PIA07269-Mars_Rover_Opportunity-Iron_Meteorite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PIA07269-Mars_Rover_Opportunity-Iron_Meteorite.jpg/440px-PIA07269-Mars_Rover_Opportunity-Iron_Meteorite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Heat_Shield_Rock" title="Heat Shield Rock">Heat Shield Rock</a> turned out to be the first meteorite discovered on Mars.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Opportunity</i> has provided substantial evidence in support of the mission's primary scientific goals: to search for and characterize a wide range of <a href="/wiki/List_of_rocks_on_Mars#Opportunity" title="List of rocks on Mars">rocks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martian_soil" class="mw-redirect" title="Martian soil">regolith</a> that hold clues to past <a href="/wiki/Water_on_Mars" title="Water on Mars">water activity on Mars</a>. In addition to investigating the water, <i>Opportunity</i> has also obtained astronomical observations and atmospheric data.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honors">Legacy and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following its launch, <i>Opportunity</i> was <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphized" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropomorphized">anthropomorphized</a> by its operators: the rover was called a "she," drawing from <a href="/wiki/She_(pronoun)#Non-human_she" title="She (pronoun)">nautical tradition</a>, and given an affectionate nickname, "Oppy." One scientist, who worked with <i>Opportunity</i> for over a decade, attributed this to the rover's unexpectedly long lifespan, which he called a story of "an underdog beating the odds," and its "familiar, almost biologically inspired shape."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The media attention surrounding <i>Opportunity'</i>s shutdown spread this usage to the general public. </p><p>With word on February 12, 2019, that NASA was likely to conclude the <i>Opportunity</i> mission, many media outlets and commentators issued statements praising the mission's success and stating their goodbyes to the rover. One journalist, Jacob Margolis, tweeted his translation of the last data transmission sent by <i>Opportunity</i> on June 10, 2018, as "My battery is low and it's getting dark." The phrase struck a chord with the public, inspiring a period of mourning, artwork, and <a href="/wiki/Lament" title="Lament">tributes</a> to the memory of <i>Opportunity</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-LAIST-20190216_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAIST-20190216-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the quote became widely reported, some news reports mistakenly asserted that the rover sent that exact message in English, resulting in NASA being inundated with additional questions. Margolis wrote a clarifying article on February 16, making it clear he had taken statements from NASA officials who were interpreting the data sent by <i>Opportunity</i>, both on the state of its low power and Mars's high atmospheric opacity, and rephrased them in a poetic manner, never to imply the rover had sent the specific words.<sup id="cite_ref-LAIST-20190216_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAIST-20190216-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Honoring <i>Opportunity'</i>s great contribution to the exploration of Mars, an <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> was named Opportunity: <a href="/wiki/39382_Opportunity" title="39382 Opportunity">39382 Opportunity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa12_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa12-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name was proposed by <a href="/wiki/Ingrid_van_Houten-Groeneveld" title="Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld">Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld</a> who, along with <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Johannes_van_Houten" title="Cornelis Johannes van Houten">Cornelis Johannes van Houten</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Gehrels" title="Tom Gehrels">Tom Gehrels</a>, discovered the asteroid on September 24, 1960. <i>Opportunity</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s lander is <i>Challenger Memorial Station</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ChallengerMemorial_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChallengerMemorial-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 24, 2015, NASA celebrated <i>Opportunity</i> having traveled the distance of a <a href="/wiki/Marathon" title="Marathon">marathon</a> race, 42.195 km (26.219 mi). The rover covered the distance in 11 years and 2 months. The JPL technicians celebrated the occasion by running a race.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Documentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Documentary">documentary</a> film, <i><a href="/wiki/Good_Night_Oppy" title="Good Night Oppy">Good Night Oppy</a></i>, about the <i>Opportunity</i>, <i>Spirit</i>, and their long missions, was directed by <a href="/wiki/Ryan_White_(filmmaker)" title="Ryan White (filmmaker)">Ryan White</a>, and included support from JPL and <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">Industrial Light & Magic</a>. It was released in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Images">Images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rover could take pictures with its different cameras, but only the PanCam camera had the ability to photograph a scene with different color filters. The panorama views are usually built up from PanCam images. By February 3, 2018, <i>Opportunity</i> had returned 224,642 pictures.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A selection of panoramas from the mission: </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fram_Crater_in_color.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of Fram crater (Sol 88, April 23, 2004)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Fram_Crater_in_color.jpg/800px-Fram_Crater_in_color.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Fram_Crater_in_color.jpg/1200px-Fram_Crater_in_color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Fram_Crater_in_color.jpg/1600px-Fram_Crater_in_color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="885" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Fram_Crater_in_color.jpg" title="File:Fram Crater in color.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of <a href="/wiki/Fram_crater" class="mw-redirect" title="Fram crater">Fram crater</a> (Sol 88, April 23, 2004)</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:22341_PIA22908-MarsOpportunityRover-LastPanorama-Spring2018-20190312.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Final panorama image taken by Opportunity between May and June 2018 prior to being disabled by the dust storms"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/22341_PIA22908-MarsOpportunityRover-LastPanorama-Spring2018-20190312.jpg/800px-22341_PIA22908-MarsOpportunityRover-LastPanorama-Spring2018-20190312.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/22341_PIA22908-MarsOpportunityRover-LastPanorama-Spring2018-20190312.jpg/1200px-22341_PIA22908-MarsOpportunityRover-LastPanorama-Spring2018-20190312.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/22341_PIA22908-MarsOpportunityRover-LastPanorama-Spring2018-20190312.jpg/1600px-22341_PIA22908-MarsOpportunityRover-LastPanorama-Spring2018-20190312.jpg 2x" data-file-width="23123" data-file-height="5163" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:22341_PIA22908-MarsOpportunityRover-LastPanorama-Spring2018-20190312.jpg" title="File:22341 PIA22908-MarsOpportunityRover-LastPanorama-Spring2018-20190312.jpg"> </a></div>Final panorama image taken by <i>Opportunity</i> between May and June 2018 prior to being disabled by the dust storms</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA23247-TestOpportunityRoverOnEarth-Dusty-20180906.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of the Opportunity rover team by "Dusty" – a testing replica of the rover on Earth (September 6, 2018)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/PIA23247-TestOpportunityRoverOnEarth-Dusty-20180906.jpg/800px-PIA23247-TestOpportunityRoverOnEarth-Dusty-20180906.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/PIA23247-TestOpportunityRoverOnEarth-Dusty-20180906.jpg/1200px-PIA23247-TestOpportunityRoverOnEarth-Dusty-20180906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/PIA23247-TestOpportunityRoverOnEarth-Dusty-20180906.jpg/1600px-PIA23247-TestOpportunityRoverOnEarth-Dusty-20180906.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7620" data-file-height="2358" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA23247-TestOpportunityRoverOnEarth-Dusty-20180906.jpg" title="File:PIA23247-TestOpportunityRoverOnEarth-Dusty-20180906.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of the <i>Opportunity</i> rover team by "Dusty" – a testing replica of the rover on Earth (September 6, 2018)</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/22px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/34px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/45px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a> – NASA robotic rover exploring Gale crater on Mars</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Exploration of Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mars" title="List of missions to Mars">List of missions to Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rocks_on_Mars" title="List of rocks on Mars">List of rocks on Mars</a> – Alphabetical list of named rocks and meteorites found on Mars</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_visited_by_Spirit_and_Opportunity" title="List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity">List of surface features of Mars visited by <i>Spirit</i> and <i>Opportunity</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> – Astrobiology Mars rover mission by NASA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> (rover)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)"><i>Rosalind Franklin</i> rover</a> – Planned Mars rover, part of ExoMars programme</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder">Mars Pathfinder</a> – Mission including first robotic rover to operate on Mars (1997) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i></a> – First NASA Mars rover on Mars Pathfinder mission</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_information_from_the_Mars_Exploration_Rover_mission" title="Scientific information from the Mars Exploration Rover mission">Scientific information from the Mars Exploration Rover mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_embedded_computer_systems_on_board_the_Mars_rovers" title="Comparison of embedded computer systems on board the Mars rovers">Comparison of embedded computer systems on board the Mars rovers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_rover" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit rover"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a> – NASA Mars rover, active from 2004 to 2010<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)"><i>Zhurong</i> rover</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NASA-Opportunity-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NASA-Opportunity_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA-Opportunity_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA-Opportunity_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNelson" class="citation web cs1">Nelson, Jon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-exploration-rover-opportunity-mer/">"Mars Exploration Rover – Opportunity"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140124075309/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-exploration-rover-opportunity-mer">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Mars+Exploration+Rover+%E2%80%93+Opportunity&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fmars-exploration-rover-opportunity-mer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaunchDetails-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LaunchDetails_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LaunchDetails_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/mer/mission/launch_e.html">"Launch Event Details – When did the Rovers Launch?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090218003623/http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/mer/mission/launch_e.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Launch+Event+Details+%E2%80%93+When+did+the+Rovers+Launch%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Fmission%2Flaunch_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasa-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nasa_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527044955/http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/12837/1/01-1164.pdf">"Mars Exploration Rover project, NASA/JPL document NSS ISDC 2001 27/05/2001"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 5. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/12837/1/01-1164.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 27, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mars+Exploration+Rover+project%2C+NASA%2FJPL+document+NSS+ISDC+2001+27%2F05%2F2001&rft.pages=5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrs-new.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fdspace%2Fbitstream%2F2014%2F12837%2F1%2F01-1164.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jonathan's_Space_Report_No._504-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jonathan's_Space_Report_No._504_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDowell2003" class="citation web cs1">McDowell, Jonathan (July 15, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planet4589.org/space/jsr/back/news.504.txt">"Jonathan's Space Report No. 504"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jonathan%27s_Space_Report" title="Jonathan's Space Report">Jonathan's Space Report</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jonathan%27s+Space+Report&rft.atitle=Jonathan%27s+Space+Report+No.+504&rft.date=2003-07-15&rft.aulast=McDowell&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplanet4589.org%2Fspace%2Fjsr%2Fback%2Fnews.504.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA-20190213-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NASA-20190213_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA-20190213_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA-20190213_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgleBrownWendel2019" class="citation news cs1">Agle, D.C.; Brown, Dwayne; Wendel, JoAnna (February 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7334">"NASA's Opportunity Rover Mission on Mars Comes to End"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=NASA%27s+Opportunity+Rover+Mission+on+Mars+Comes+to+End&rft.date=2019-02-13&rft.aulast=Agle&rft.aufirst=D.C.&rft.au=Brown%2C+Dwayne&rft.au=Wendel%2C+JoAnna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fnews%2Fnews.php%3Ffeature%3D7334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Esri-Mapping-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Esri-Mapping_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff" class="citation web cs1">Staff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0404/mapmars3of3.html">"Mapping the Mars Roversnd' Landing Sites"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Esri" title="Esri">Esri</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504190618/http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0404/mapmars3of3.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Esri&rft.atitle=Mapping+the+Mars+Roversnd%27+Landing+Sites&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esri.com%2Fnews%2Farcuser%2F0404%2Fmapmars3of3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mer-status-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mer-status_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mer-status_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/status_opportunityAll.html">"Mars Exploration Rover Mission: All Opportunity Updates"</a>. <i>nasa.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150830191319/http://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/status_opportunityAll_2011.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Mars+Exploration+Rover+Mission%3A+All+Opportunity+Updates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Fmission%2Fstatus_opportunityAll.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patch-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Patch_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/marvin-the-martian-and-daffy-duck-as-duck-dodgers-prepare-for-upcoming-nasa-missions-to-mars/">"Marvin The Martian and Daffy Duck as Duck Dodgers Prepare for Upcoming NASA Missions to Mars"</a>. <i>SpaceNews</i>. May 2, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SpaceNews&rft.atitle=Marvin+The+Martian+and+Daffy+Duck+as+Duck+Dodgers+Prepare+for+Upcoming+NASA+Missions+to+Mars&rft.date=2003-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fmarvin-the-martian-and-daffy-duck-as-duck-dodgers-prepare-for-upcoming-nasa-missions-to-mars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-january-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-january_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Spirit</i> landed on January 4, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Malik2018-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Malik2018_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalik2018" class="citation web cs1">Malik, T. (June 21, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/40888-mars-dust-storm-2018-and-opportunity-rover-images.html">"Mars Dust Storm 2018: How It Grew & What It Means for the Opportunity Rover"</a>. <i>space.com</i>. Future.plc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=space.com&rft.atitle=Mars+Dust+Storm+2018%3A+How+It+Grew+%26+What+It+Means+for+the+Opportunity+Rover&rft.date=2018-06-21&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F40888-mars-dust-storm-2018-and-opportunity-rover-images.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rayl2018-08-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rayl2018-08_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRayl2018" class="citation web cs1">Rayl, A.J.S. (August 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/space-missions/mer-updates/2018/08-mer-update-opportunity-sleeps.html">"The Mars Exploration Rovers Update: Dust Storm Wanes, Opportunity Sleeps, Team Prepares Recovery Strategy"</a>. <i>planetary.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/Planetary_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetary Society">Planetary Society</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=planetary.org&rft.atitle=The+Mars+Exploration+Rovers+Update%3A+Dust+Storm+Wanes%2C+Opportunity+Sleeps%2C+Team+Prepares+Recovery+Strategy&rft.date=2018-08-01&rft.aulast=Rayl&rft.aufirst=A.J.S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetary.org%2Fexplore%2Fspace-topics%2Fspace-missions%2Fmer-updates%2F2018%2F08-mer-update-opportunity-sleeps.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wustl-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wustl_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/22660.aspx">"Opportunity on verge of new discovery"</a>. <i>wustl.edu</i>. September 14, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110924185837/http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/22660.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wustl.edu&rft.atitle=Opportunity+on+verge+of+new+discovery&rft.date=2011-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.wustl.edu%2Fnews%2FPages%2F22660.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmos2019" class="citation web cs1">Amos, Jonathan (February 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-47231247">"Nasa calls time on silent Opportunity Mars rover"</a>. <i>BBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Nasa+calls+time+on+silent+Opportunity+Mars+rover&rft.date=2019-02-13&rft.aulast=Amos&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-47231247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreicius2018" class="citation news cs1">Greicius, Tony (September 24, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/opportunity-emerges-in-a-dusty-picture">"Opportunity Emerges in a Dusty Picture"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181015130226/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/opportunity-emerges-in-a-dusty-picture/">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Opportunity+Emerges+in+a+Dusty+Picture&rft.date=2018-09-24&rft.aulast=Greicius&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ffeature%2Fjpl%2Fopportunity-emerges-in-a-dusty-picture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreicius2018" class="citation news cs1">Greicius, Tony (October 29, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/update-on-opportunity-rover-recovery-efforts">"Update on Opportunity Rover Recovery Efforts"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181103171532/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/update-on-opportunity-rover-recovery-efforts/">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Update+on+Opportunity+Rover+Recovery+Efforts&rft.date=2018-10-29&rft.aulast=Greicius&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ffeature%2Fupdate-on-opportunity-rover-recovery-efforts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8413/nasas-opportunity-rover-mission-on-mars-comes-to-end/">"NASA's Opportunity Rover Mission on Mars Comes to End"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. February 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=NASA%27s+Opportunity+Rover+Mission+on+Mars+Comes+to+End&rft.date=2019-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fnews%2F8413%2Fnasas-opportunity-rover-mission-on-mars-comes-to-end%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/science/objectives/">"Objectives – NASA"</a>. <i>mars.nasa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mars.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Objectives+%E2%80%93+NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Fmission%2Fscience%2Fobjectives%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasa2-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nasa2_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/science/objectives/">"Mars Exploration Rover Mission Science Objectives"</a>. mars.nasa.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mars+Exploration+Rover+Mission+Science+Objectives&rft.pub=mars.nasa.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Fmission%2Fscience%2Fobjectives%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OpportunityUpdateArchive-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OpportunityUpdateArchive_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/status_opportunity.html">"Opportunity Update Archive"</a>. NASA/JPL. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090507050626/http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/status_opportunity.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opportunity+Update+Archive&rft.pub=NASA%2FJPL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fmission%2Fstatus_opportunity.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarwood2003" class="citation web cs1">Harwood, William (July 8, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spaceflightnow.com/mars/merb/030707launch.html">"Opportunity launched to Mars"</a>. <i>Spaceflight Now</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125022002/http://spaceflightnow.com/mars/merb/030707launch.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spaceflight+Now&rft.atitle=Opportunity+launched+to+Mars&rft.date=2003-07-08&rft.aulast=Harwood&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceflightnow.com%2Fmars%2Fmerb%2F030707launch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-exploration-rover-opportunity-mer">"Mars Rover Opportunity – Mars Missions"</a>. <i>NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory+%28JPL%29&rft.atitle=Mars+Rover+Opportunity+%E2%80%93+Mars+Missions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fmars-exploration-rover-opportunity-mer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GZM-20190215-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GZM-20190215_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvorsky2019" class="citation web cs1">Dvorsky, George (February 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/the-enduring-mystery-of-the-martian-blueberries-discove-1832649426">"The Enduring Mystery of the Martian 'Blueberries' Discovered by Opportunity Rover"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gizmodo" title="Gizmodo">Gizmodo</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=The+Enduring+Mystery+of+the+Martian+%27Blueberries%27+Discovered+by+Opportunity+Rover&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft.aulast=Dvorsky&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2Fthe-enduring-mystery-of-the-martian-blueberries-discove-1832649426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia06865-endurance-crater-overview">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Endurance Crater' Overview"</a>. <i>NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory</i>. September 11, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft.atitle=%27Endurance+Crater%27+Overview&rft.date=2004-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fimages%2Fpia06865-endurance-crater-overview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJPLNASA2005" class="citation web cs1">JPL; NASA (January 19, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/">"Mars Exploration Rover Mission: Press Releases"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Mars+Exploration+Rover+Mission%3A+Press+Releases&rft.date=2005-01-19&rft.au=JPL&rft.au=NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA_–_NASA_Mars_Rover_Arrives_at_New_Site_on_Martian_Surface-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NASA_–_NASA_Mars_Rover_Arrives_at_New_Site_on_Martian_Surface_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mer/news/mer20110810.html">"NASA – NASA Mars Rover Arrives at New Site on Martian Surface"</a>. Nasa.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120606203157/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mer/news/mer20110810.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+%E2%80%93+NASA+Mars+Rover+Arrives+at+New+Site+on+Martian+Surface&rft.pub=Nasa.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fmer%2Fnews%2Fmer20110810.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/status_opportunityAll.html#sol4413">"Mars Exploration Rover Mission: All Opportunity Updates"</a>. <i>nasa.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150830191319/http://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/status_opportunityAll_2011.html#sol4413">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Mars+Exploration+Rover+Mission%3A+All+Opportunity+Updates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Fmission%2Fstatus_opportunityAll.html%23sol4413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Opportunity_Updates-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Opportunity_Updates_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/status_opportunityAll.html">"Opportunity Updates"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121012043536/http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/status_opportunityAll.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opportunity+Updates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fmission%2Fstatus_opportunityAll.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neill,_Ian2014" class="citation web cs1">O'Neill, Ian (December 29, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.discovery.com/space/mars-rover-opportunity-suffers-worrying-bouts-of-amnesia-141229.htm">"Mars Rover Opportunity Suffers Worrying Bouts of 'Amnesia'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Web article</i>. Discovery News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141230215656/http://news.discovery.com/space/mars-rover-opportunity-suffers-worrying-bouts-of-amnesia-141229.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Web+article&rft.atitle=Mars+Rover+Opportunity+Suffers+Worrying+Bouts+of+%27Amnesia%27&rft.date=2014-12-29&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.discovery.com%2Fspace%2Fmars-rover-opportunity-suffers-worrying-bouts-of-amnesia-141229.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/status_opportunityAll.html#sol4024">"Opportunity Update Archive, sols 4024–4029, May 20, 2015–May 25, 2015"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150830191319/http://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/status_opportunityAll_2011.html#sol4024">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opportunity+Update+Archive%2C+sols+4024%E2%80%934029%2C+May+20%2C+2015%E2%80%93May+25%2C+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Fmission%2Fstatus_opportunityAll.html%23sol4024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Official_updates-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Official_updates_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Official_updates_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Official_updates_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/status_opportunityAll.html">"Mars Exploration Rover Mission: All Opportunity Updates"</a>. <i>mars.nasa.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180325061258/https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/status_opportunityAll.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mars.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Mars+Exploration+Rover+Mission%3A+All+Opportunity+Updates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Fmission%2Fstatus_opportunityAll.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-covered_panels-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-covered_panels_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-covered_panels_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/42115-mars-rover-opportunity-still-silent-4-months-later.html">Opportunity Rover Still Silent on Mars, 4 Months After Epic Dust Storm Began</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181015192425/https://www.space.com/42115-mars-rover-opportunity-still-silent-4-months-later.html">Archived</a> October 15, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Mike Wall, <i>Space.com</i>. October 12, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorbet2019" class="citation web cs1">Torbet, Georgina (January 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/revive-mars-rover-opportunity/amp/">"NASA makes last-ditch attempt to revive dormant Mars rover Opportunity"</a>. <i>digitaltrends.com</i>. Designtechnica Corporation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2019</span>. <q>Now NASA scientists are trying a last-ditch attempt to contact the rover based on three unlikely but possible scenarios: that the rover's primary X-band radio has failed, that both the primary and secondary X-band radios have failed, or that the rover's internal clock has become offset. The team is commanding the rover to switch to its backup X-band radio and to reset its clock to counteract these possibilities.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digitaltrends.com&rft.atitle=NASA+makes+last-ditch+attempt+to+revive+dormant+Mars+rover+Opportunity&rft.date=2019-01-26&rft.aulast=Torbet&rft.aufirst=Georgina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitaltrends.com%2Fcool-tech%2Frevive-mars-rover-opportunity%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBean2019" class="citation web cs1">Bean, Keri (February 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/PlanetaryKeri/status/1095469660017840128">"Tonight is the final planned attempt to contact Opportunity. I had the extreme privilege to be the final Tactical Uplink Lead yesterday. My signature is in pink on the command approval form, as usual. Godspeed, Opportunity. #LoveYouOppy #OppyPhoneHome #WakeUpOppy"</a>. <i>@PlanetaryKeri</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%40PlanetaryKeri&rft.atitle=Tonight+is+the+final+planned+attempt+to+contact+Opportunity.+I+had+the+extreme+privilege+to+be+the+final+Tactical+Uplink+Lead+yesterday.+My+signature+is+in+pink+on+the+command+approval+form%2C+as+usual.+Godspeed%2C+Opportunity.+%23LoveYouOppy+%23OppyPhoneHome+%23WakeUpOppy&rft.date=2019-02-12&rft.aulast=Bean&rft.aufirst=Keri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FPlanetaryKeri%2Fstatus%2F1095469660017840128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/status_opportunityAll.html">"Mars Exploration Rover Mission: All Opportunity Updates"</a>. <i>mars.nasa.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180325061258/https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/status_opportunityAll.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mars.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Mars+Exploration+Rover+Mission%3A+All+Opportunity+Updates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Fmission%2Fstatus_opportunityAll.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOppy2019" class="citation web cs1">Oppy, Spirit and (February 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/MarsRovers/status/1095454710432096257">"#OppyPhoneHome Update Tonight, we'll make our last planned attempts to contact Opportunity. The solar-powered rover last communicated on June 10, 2018, as a planet-wide dust storm swept across Mars"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%23OppyPhoneHome+Update+Tonight%2C+we%27ll+make+our+last+planned+attempts+to+contact+Opportunity.+The+solar-powered+rover+last+communicated+on+June+10%2C+2018%2C+as+a+planet-wide+dust+storm+swept+across+Mars.&rft.date=2019-02-12&rft.aulast=Oppy&rft.aufirst=Spirit+and&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FMarsRovers%2Fstatus%2F1095454710432096257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chang-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chang_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chang_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChang2019" class="citation news cs1">Chang, Kenneth (February 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/science/mars-opportunity-rover-dead.html">"NASA's Mars Rover Opportunity Concludes a 15-Year Mission"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=NASA%27s+Mars+Rover+Opportunity+Concludes+a+15-Year+Mission&rft.date=2019-02-13&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F02%2F13%2Fscience%2Fmars-opportunity-rover-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger,_Eric2019" class="citation web cs1">Berger, Eric (February 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/02/opportunity-did-not-answer-nasas-final-call-and-its-now-gone-to-us/">"Opportunity did not answer NASA's final call, and it's now lost to us"</a>. Ars Technica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opportunity+did+not+answer+NASA%27s+final+call%2C+and+it%27s+now+lost+to+us&rft.pub=Ars+Technica&rft.date=2019-02-13&rft.au=Berger%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fscience%2F2019%2F02%2Fopportunity-did-not-answer-nasas-final-call-and-its-now-gone-to-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://an.rsl.wustl.edu/merb/merxBrowser/an3.aspx?it=D1&ii=22771">"MERB Notebook – Opportunity Mars Rover data"</a>. <i>an.rsl.wustl.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=an.rsl.wustl.edu&rft.atitle=MERB+Notebook+%E2%80%93+Opportunity+Mars+Rover+data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fan.rsl.wustl.edu%2Fmerb%2FmerxBrowser%2Fan3.aspx%3Fit%3DD1%26ii%3D22771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131013205728/http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/spacecraft_rover_wheels.html">"Mars Exploration Rover Mission: The Mission"</a>. <i>marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/spacecraft_rover_wheels.html">the original</a> on October 13, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Mars+Exploration+Rover+Mission%3A+The+Mission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fmission%2Fspacecraft_rover_wheels.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChang2004" class="citation news cs1">Chang, Kenneth (November 7, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/07/science/07mars.html?pagewanted=2">"Martian Robots, Taking Orders From a Manhattan Walk-Up"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Martian+Robots%2C+Taking+Orders+From+a+Manhattan+Walk-Up&rft.date=2004-11-07&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F11%2F07%2Fscience%2F07mars.html%3Fpagewanted%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSquyres2005" class="citation book cs1">Squyres, Steve (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GQBRAAAAMAAJ&q=%22World+Trade+Center%22"><i>Roving Mars: Spirit, Opportunity, and the Exploration of the Red Planet</i></a>. Hyperion Press. pp. 113–117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4013-0149-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4013-0149-1"><bdi>978-1-4013-0149-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roving+Mars%3A+Spirit%2C+Opportunity%2C+and+the+Exploration+of+the+Red+Planet&rft.pages=113-117&rft.pub=Hyperion+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4013-0149-1&rft.aulast=Squyres&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGQBRAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522World%2BTrade%2BCenter%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/rover/brains/">"The Rover's "Brains" - NASA"</a>. <i>mars.nasa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mars.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=The+Rover%27s+%22Brains%22+-+NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Fmission%2Frover%2Fbrains%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/rover/temperature/">"The Rover's Temperature Controls - NASA"</a>. <i>mars.nasa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mars.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=The+Rover%27s+Temperature+Controls+-+NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Fmission%2Frover%2Ftemperature%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/rover/antennas/">"The Rover's Antennas - NASA"</a>. <i>mars.nasa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mars.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=The+Rover%27s+Antennas+-+NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Fmission%2Frover%2Fantennas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/rover/eyes-and-senses/">"The Rover's "Eyes" and Other "Senses" - NASA"</a>. <i>mars.nasa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mars.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=The+Rover%27s+%22Eyes%22+and+Other+%22Senses%22+-+NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Fmission%2Frover%2Feyes-and-senses%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/rover/arm/">"The Rover's "Arm" - NASA"</a>. <i>mars.nasa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mars.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=The+Rover%27s+%22Arm%22+-+NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Fmission%2Frover%2Farm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sm2019-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sm2019_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVenkatraman2015" class="citation web cs1">Venkatraman, Vijaysree (July 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/content/article/space-roboticist">"The space roboticist"</a>. <i>Science magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+magazine&rft.atitle=The+space+roboticist&rft.date=2015-07-13&rft.aulast=Venkatraman&rft.aufirst=Vijaysree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2Fspace-roboticist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mars.nasa.gov-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mars.nasa.gov_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mars.nasa.gov_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/technology/bb_power.html">"Mars Exploration Rover Mission: Technology"</a>. <i>nasa.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228213007/http://mars.nasa.gov/mer/technology/bb_power.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Mars+Exploration+Rover+Mission%3A+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Ftechnology%2Fbb_power.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/technology/bb_power.html">"Power"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118021407/http://mars.nasa.gov/mer/technology/bb_power.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Power&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Ftechnology%2Fbb_power.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/status_opportunityAll_2004.html#sol11">"Mars Exploration Rover Mission: All Opportunity Updates"</a>. <i>nasa.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201175441/http://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/status_opportunityAll_2004.html#sol11">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Mars+Exploration+Rover+Mission%3A+All+Opportunity+Updates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Fmission%2Fstatus_opportunityAll_2004.html%23sol11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFmars.nasa.gov" class="citation web cs1">mars.nasa.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1885">"Mars Rover Opportunity Busy Through Depth of Winter – Mars News"</a>. <i>nasa.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726141458/http://mars.nasa.gov/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1885">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Mars+Rover+Opportunity+Busy+Through+Depth+of+Winter+%E2%80%93+Mars+News&rft.au=mars.nasa.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fnews%2Fwhatsnew%2Findex.cfm%3FFuseAction%3DShowNews%26NewsID%3D1885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-phys.org-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-phys.org_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-phys.org_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-phys.org_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phys.org/news/2016-10-europe-exomars-mission-middle-season.html">"Europe's ExoMars mission arrives in the middle of dust season"</a>. <i>phys.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161130091828/http://phys.org/news/2016-10-europe-exomars-mission-middle-season.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=phys.org&rft.atitle=Europe%27s+ExoMars+mission+arrives+in+the+middle+of+dust+season&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2016-10-europe-exomars-mission-middle-season.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/13/17460314/nasa-opportunity-rover-mars-dust-storm-battery-drained">NASA's Opportunity rover is in a deep sleep on Mars – but there's hope it will wake up again</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180614021406/https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/13/17460314/nasa-opportunity-rover-mars-dust-storm-battery-drained">Archived</a> June 14, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Loren Grush, <i>The Verge</i>. June 13, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalik" class="citation news cs1">Malik, Tariq. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/as-massive-storm-rages-on-mars-opportunity-rover-falls-silent/">"As Massive Storm Rages on Mars, Opportunity Rover Falls Silent"</a>. <i>Scientific American (Space.com)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613180214/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/as-massive-storm-rages-on-mars-opportunity-rover-falls-silent/">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American+%28Space.com%29&rft.atitle=As+Massive+Storm+Rages+on+Mars%2C+Opportunity+Rover+Falls+Silent&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=Tariq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fas-massive-storm-rages-on-mars-opportunity-rover-falls-silent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrColabrese2018" class="citation web cs1">Carr, Danielle; Colabrese, Ines (September 21, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-september-21-2018-1.4831874/why-scientists-have-become-attached-to-oppy-the-mars-rover-stranded-by-a-dust-storm-1.4832858">"Why scientists have become attached to 'Oppy', the Mars rover stranded by a dust storm"</a>. <i>Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=Why+scientists+have+become+attached+to+%27Oppy%27%2C+the+Mars+rover+stranded+by+a+dust+storm&rft.date=2018-09-21&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft.au=Colabrese%2C+Ines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fradio%2Fthecurrent%2Fthe-current-for-september-21-2018-1.4831874%2Fwhy-scientists-have-become-attached-to-oppy-the-mars-rover-stranded-by-a-dust-storm-1.4832858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LAIST-20190216-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LAIST-20190216_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAIST-20190216_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargolis2019" class="citation news cs1">Margolis, Jacob (February 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laist.com/2019/02/16/jpl_mars_rover_opportunity_battery_is_low_and_its_getting_dark.php">"How A Tweet About The Mars Rover Dying Blew Up On The Internet And Made People Cry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gothamist" title="Gothamist">LAist</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LAist&rft.atitle=How+A+Tweet+About+The+Mars+Rover+Dying+Blew+Up+On+The+Internet+And+Made+People+Cry&rft.date=2019-02-16&rft.aulast=Margolis&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaist.com%2F2019%2F02%2F16%2Fjpl_mars_rover_opportunity_battery_is_low_and_its_getting_dark.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorgiou2019" class="citation web cs1">Georgiou, Aristos (February 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/nasa-mars-opportunity-rover-new-york-daily-news-jet-propulsion-laboratory-1334615">"No, the Last Words of NASA's Opportunity Rover Weren't 'My Battery Is Low and It's Getting Dark'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=No%2C+the+Last+Words+of+NASA%27s+Opportunity+Rover+Weren%27t+%27My+Battery+Is+Low+and+It%27s+Getting+Dark%27&rft.date=2019-02-18&rft.aulast=Georgiou&rft.aufirst=Aristos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fnasa-mars-opportunity-rover-new-york-daily-news-jet-propulsion-laboratory-1334615&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasa12-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nasa12_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/spotlight/20041011.html">"Mars Exploration Rover Mission; "Like Rover, Like Asteroid"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mars+Exploration+Rover+Mission%3B+%22Like+Rover%2C+Like+Asteroid%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Fspotlight%2F20041011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChallengerMemorial-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChallengerMemorial_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/newsroom/pressreleases/20040128a.html">"Space Shuttle Challenger Crew Memorialized on Mars"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Space+Shuttle+Challenger+Crew+Memorialized+on+Mars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmer%2Fnewsroom%2Fpressreleases%2F20040128a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/multimedia/videos/?v=240">"JPL Runners Celebrate Mars Marathon | Mars Video"</a>. <i>mars.nasa.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mars.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=JPL+Runners+Celebrate+Mars+Marathon+%26%23124%3B+Mars+Video&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2Fmultimedia%2Fvideos%2F%3Fv%3D240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2015/15may_marathon">"The First Martian Marathon – NASA Science"</a>. <i>science.nasa.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518012024/http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2015/15may_marathon/">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=science.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=The+First+Martian+Marathon+%E2%80%93+NASA+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fscience-news%2Fscience-at-nasa%2F2015%2F15may_marathon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss2022" class="citation web cs1">Ross, Rollo (November 22, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/good-night-oppy-about-nasas-rover-mission-may-make-you-cry-2022-11-22/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Good Night Oppy' about NASA's rover mission may make you cry"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=%27Good+Night+Oppy%27+about+NASA%27s+rover+mission+may+make+you+cry&rft.date=2022-11-22&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Rollo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Flifestyle%2Fscience%2Fgood-night-oppy-about-nasas-rover-mission-may-make-you-cry-2022-11-22%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTruong" class="citation web cs1">Truong, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/opportunity.html">"Mars Exploration Rover"</a>. <i>nasa.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110232401/http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/opportunity.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Mars+Exploration+Rover&rft.aulast=Truong&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fgallery%2Fall%2Fopportunity.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/39728-mars-rover-opportunity-5000-martian-days.html">"Opportunity Rover Celebrates 5,000 Days on Mars"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Space.com" title="Space.com">Space.com</a></i>. February 16, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180217012443/https://www.space.com/39728-mars-rover-opportunity-5000-martian-days.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Opportunity+Rover+Celebrates+5%2C000+Days+on+Mars&rft.date=2018-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F39728-mars-rover-opportunity-5000-martian-days.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpportunity+%28rover%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" class="extiw" title="commons:Mars Exploration Rover"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Mars Exploration Rover</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NASA_links">NASA links</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: NASA links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/home/index.html">NASA/JPL Mission page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=loXhsglsG-w">Sunrise on Mars – video (02:10)</a> (<a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>; November 7, 2018)</li> <li>End of <i>Opportunity</i> Mission (February 13, 2019; videos) ‒ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Ll-VHYxWXU">(3:52) overview</a> ‒ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dpw-oFYV5rE">(59:47) final panel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MSSS_and_WUSTL_links">MSSS and WUSTL links</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: MSSS and WUSTL links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060821165354/http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/2004/01/24/">Finding <i>Opportunity</i>: high-resolution images of landing site (Mars Global Surveyor – Mars Orbiter Camera)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/meran">MER Analyst's Notebook</a>, Interactive access to mission data and documentation</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_links">Other links</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/space-missions/mer-updates/">Archive</a> of MER progress reports by A.J.S. Rayl at planetary.org</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mars_Exploration_Rover" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:peachpuff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASAMER" title="Template:NASAMER"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASAMER" title="Template talk:NASAMER"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASAMER" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASAMER"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mars_Exploration_Rover" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:antiquewhite;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a> (MER-A)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a> (MER-B)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_information_from_the_Mars_Exploration_Rover_mission" title="Scientific information from the Mars Exploration Rover mission">Scientific information</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg/100px-NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg/150px-NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg/200px-NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:antiquewhite;"><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Spirit" title="Timeline of Spirit">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gusev_(Martian_crater)" title="Gusev (Martian crater)">Gusev crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_visited_by_Spirit_and_Opportunity#Spirit" title="List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity">Surface features visited</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:antiquewhite;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_mission_timeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Opportunity mission timeline">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridiani_Planum" title="Meridiani Planum">Meridiani Planum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argo_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Argo (crater)">Argo crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(Meridiani_Planum_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle (Meridiani Planum crater)">Eagle crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endeavour_(crater)" title="Endeavour (crater)">Endeavour crater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_visited_by_Spirit_and_Opportunity#Opportunity" title="List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity">Surface features visited</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:antiquewhite;">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_particle_X-ray_spectrometer" title="Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer">APXS</a></li> <li>Cameras (<a href="/wiki/Hazcam" title="Hazcam">Hazcam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navcam" title="Navcam">Navcam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pancam" title="Pancam">Pancam</a>, Microscopic Imager)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIMOS_II" title="MIMOS II">MIMOS II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-TES" title="Mini-TES">Mini-TES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Abrasion_Tool" title="Rock Abrasion Tool">Rock Abrasion Tool</a> (RAT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_embedded_computer_systems_on_board_the_Mars_rovers" title="Comparison of embedded computer systems on board the Mars rovers">Rover embedded computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MarsDial" title="MarsDial">MarsDial</a> (Calibration Target/Plauque)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:antiquewhite;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Computers (<a href="/wiki/IBM_RAD6000" title="IBM RAD6000">IBM RAD6000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep Space Network">DSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">JPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maestro_(software)" title="Maestro (software)">Maestro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocker-bogie" title="Rocker-bogie">Rocker-bogie</a></li> <li>Rockets (<a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II Heavy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaning_event" title="Cleaning event">Cleaning event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37452_Spirit" title="37452 Spirit">37452 Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39382_Opportunity" title="39382 Opportunity">39382 Opportunity</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roving_Mars" title="Roving Mars">Roving Mars</a></i> (2006 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Good_Night_Oppy" title="Good Night Oppy">Good Night Oppy</a></i> (2022 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Exploration of Mars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Features_on_Mars_visited_by_Opportunity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:peachpuff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Features_visited_by_Opportunity" title="Template:Features visited by Opportunity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Features_visited_by_Opportunity" title="Template talk:Features visited by Opportunity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Features_visited_by_Opportunity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Features visited by Opportunity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Features_on_Mars_visited_by_Opportunity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Features on <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> visited by <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Opportunity</i></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:peachpuff;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_visited_by_Spirit_and_Opportunity" title="List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity">List of surface features of Mars visited by <i>Spirit</i> and <i>Opportunity</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:peachpuff;;width:1%;background:antiquewhite;">Craters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argo_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Argo (crater)">Argo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(Meridiani_Planum_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle (Meridiani Planum crater)">Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fram_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fram (crater)">Fram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_(crater)" title="Endurance (crater)">Endurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vostok (crater)">Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturaliste_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturaliste (crater)">Naturaliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebus_(crater)" title="Erebus (crater)">Erebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_(crater)" title="Beagle (crater)">Beagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Dean_(crater)" title="Emma Dean (crater)">Emma Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(crater)" title="Victoria (crater)">Victoria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_(Mars)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Verde (Mars)">Cape Verde</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_(crater)" title="Santa Maria (crater)">Santa Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endeavour_(crater)" title="Endeavour (crater)">Endeavour</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Opportunity_-_PIA05152.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Opportunity_-_PIA05152.jpg/100px-Opportunity_-_PIA05152.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Opportunity_-_PIA05152.jpg/150px-Opportunity_-_PIA05152.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Opportunity_-_PIA05152.jpg/200px-Opportunity_-_PIA05152.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7838" data-file-height="2915" /></a></span> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Opportunity_from_orbit.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Opportunity_from_orbit.gif/100px-Opportunity_from_orbit.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Opportunity_from_orbit.gif/150px-Opportunity_from_orbit.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Opportunity_from_orbit.gif/200px-Opportunity_from_orbit.gif 2x" data-file-width="2818" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:peachpuff;;width:1%;background:antiquewhite;"><a href="/wiki/Endeavour_(crater)" title="Endeavour (crater)">Endeavour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_York_(Mars)" title="Cape York (Mars)">Cape York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solander_Point" title="Solander Point">Solander Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Tribulation_(Mars)" title="Cape Tribulation (Mars)">Cape Tribulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:peachpuff;;width:1%;background:antiquewhite;">Rocks <a href="/wiki/List_of_rocks_on_Mars#2004_–_Opportunity_rover_(MER-B)" title="List of rocks on Mars">(list)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Block_Island_meteorite" title="Block Island meteorite">Block Island meteorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bounce_Rock" title="Bounce Rock">Bounce Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_(Mars)" title="El Capitan (Mars)">El Capitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_Shield_Rock" title="Heat Shield Rock">Heat Shield Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Chance_(Mars)" title="Last Chance (Mars)">Last Chance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackinac_Island_meteorite" title="Mackinac Island meteorite">Mackinac Island meteorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oile%C3%A1n_Ruaidh_(Mars_rock)" title="Oileán Ruaidh (Mars rock)">Oileán Ruaidh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelter_Island_meteorite" title="Shelter Island meteorite">Shelter Island meteorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_spherules" title="Martian spherules">Martian spherules</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:peachpuff;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">Timeline of <i>Opportunity</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mars_rovers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mars_rovers" title="Template:Mars rovers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mars_rovers" title="Template talk:Mars rovers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mars_rovers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mars rovers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mars_rovers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Mars rovers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PrOP-M" title="PrOP-M">PrOP-M</a> <sup>†</sup></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)">Sojourner</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder">Mars Pathfinder</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)">Spirit</a></i> and <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Opportunity</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">Timeline of <i>Opportunity</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Spirit" title="Timeline of Spirit">Timeline of <i>Spirit</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)">Zhurong</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA23491-Mars2020Rover-ObtainingSamples-20200210.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PIA23491-Mars2020Rover-ObtainingSamples-20200210.jpg/180px-PIA23491-Mars2020Rover-ObtainingSamples-20200210.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PIA23491-Mars2020Rover-ObtainingSamples-20200210.jpg/270px-PIA23491-Mars2020Rover-ObtainingSamples-20200210.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PIA23491-Mars2020Rover-ObtainingSamples-20200210.jpg/360px-PIA23491-Mars2020Rover-ObtainingSamples-20200210.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)">Curiosity</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)">Perseverance</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_2020" title="Timeline of Mars 2020">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)">Rosalind Franklin</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_embedded_computer_systems_on_board_the_Mars_rovers" title="Comparison of embedded computer systems on board the Mars rovers">Rover embedded computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crewed_Mars_rover" title="Crewed Mars rover">Crewed Mars rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_rover" title="Lunar rover">Lunar rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rovers_on_extraterrestrial_bodies" title="List of rovers on extraterrestrial bodies">List of rovers on extraterrestrial bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_landing" title="Mars landing">Mars landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_crane_(landing_system)" title="Sky crane (landing system)">Sky crane</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Good_Night_Oppy" title="Good Night Oppy">Good Night Oppy</a></i> (documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign <sup>†</sup> indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extremes_of_motion" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Extreme_motion" title="Template:Extreme motion"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Extreme_motion" title="Template talk:Extreme motion"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Extreme_motion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Extreme motion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extremes_of_motion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extremes of motion</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wave <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_barrier" title="Sound barrier">sound</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle_speed_records" title="List of vehicle speed records">Vehicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle_speed_records#Spacecraft" title="List of vehicle speed records">Spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_airspeed_record" title="Flight airspeed record">Aircraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fastest_propeller-driven_aircraft" title="Fastest propeller-driven aircraft">propeller-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcontinental_flight" title="Transcontinental flight">transcontinental</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_speed_record" title="Land speed record">Land vehicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_speed_record" title="Land speed record">propulsively-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_speed_racing#Records_by_class" title="Land speed racing">wheel-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_speed_record" title="Railway speed record">on rails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_land-speed_record" title="Motorcycle land-speed record">motorcycle</a> <ul><li>production model <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fastest_production_motorcycles" title="List of fastest production motorcycles">by top speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fastest_production_motorcycles_by_acceleration" title="List of fastest production motorcycles by acceleration">by acceleration</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>production car <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_car_speed_record" title="Production car speed record">by top speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fastest_production_cars_by_acceleration" title="List of fastest production cars by acceleration">by acceleration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_land_speed_record" title="British land speed record">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_speed_record" title="Water speed record">Water-borne vehicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speed_sailing_record" title="Speed sailing record">sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_speed_record" title="Underwater speed record">submerged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Riband" title="Blue Riband">transatlantic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Distance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Space <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">furthest spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huygens_(spacecraft)" title="Huygens (spacecraft)">furthest landing on another world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">furthest humans</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">furthest travel on another world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe" title="Parker Solar Probe">closest to the Sun</a></li></ul></li> <li>Aircraft <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_distance_record" title="Flight distance record">furthest flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_altitude_record" title="Flight altitude record">highest altitude</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathyscaphe_Trieste" class="mw-redirect" title="Bathyscaphe Trieste">Deepest ocean vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Endurance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Space <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">greatest of a spaceflight</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">greatest on another world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Kononenko" title="Oleg Kononenko">greatest of a person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">greatest of a spacecraft population</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_endurance_record" title="Flight endurance record">Aircraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_spaceflight_records" title="List of spaceflight records">Spaceflight records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_A%C3%A9ronautique_Internationale#Some_of_the_records" title="Fédération Aéronautique Internationale">Fédération Aéronautique Internationale records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NASA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_space_program" title="Template talk:NASA space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NASA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">Policy</a> and history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">History<br />(<a href="/wiki/Creation_of_NASA" title="Creation of NASA">creation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">NACA</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Task_Group" title="Space Task Group">Space Task Group</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Paine#National_Commission_on_Space" title="Thomas O. Paine">Paine</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">Rogers</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_Report" title="Ride Report">Ride</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Initiative" title="Space Exploration Initiative">Space Exploration Initiative</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Committee" title="Augustine Committee">Augustine</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Clinton_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">U.S. National Space Policy</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Future_of_the_United_States_Aerospace_Industry" title="Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry">CFUSAI</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">CAIB</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Commission_on_Implementation_of_United_States_Space_Exploration_Policy" title="President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy">Aldridge</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">Augustine</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrators_and_deputy_administrators_of_NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA">Administrator and Deputy Administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Chief_Scientist" title="NASA Chief Scientist">Chief Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">Astronaut Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Ranks and positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Astronaut_Office" title="Chief of the Astronaut Office">Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_NASA" title="Budget of NASA">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_research" title="NASA research">NASA research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_spinoff_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA spinoff technologies">spinoff technologies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA%2B" title="NASA+">NASA+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_TV" title="NASA TV">NASA TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Social" title="NASA Social">NASA Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Services_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Services Program">Launch Services Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Control_Center" title="Mercury Control Center">Mercury Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Space_Flight_Network" title="Manned Space Flight Network">Manned Space Flight Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_48" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 48">Launch Complex 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Control_Center" title="Launch Control Center">Launch Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_and_Checkout_Building" title="Operations and Checkout Building">Operations and Checkout Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Sample_Laboratory_Facility" title="Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility">Lunar Sample Laboratory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Mission_Directorate" title="Science Mission Directorate">Science Mission Directorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">suborbital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle–<i>Mir</i></a> (with <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos State Corporation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme" title="International Space Station programme">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic</a> programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitchhiker_Program" title="Hitchhiker Program">Hitchhiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_Mark_II" title="Mariner Mark II">Mariner Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESUR" title="MESUR">MESUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Surveyor_%2798" title="Mars Surveyor '98">Mars Surveyor '98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Millennium_Program" title="New Millennium Program">New Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Planetary Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Prometheus" title="Project Prometheus">Project Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Living_With_a_Star" title="Living With a Star">Living With a Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor Robotic Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing_System" title="Earth Observing System">Earth Observing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorers_Program" title="Explorers Program">Explorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Terrestrial_Probes_program" title="Solar Terrestrial Probes program">Solar Terrestrial Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Innovative_Missions_for_Planetary_Exploration" title="Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration">SIMPLEx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Individual featured<br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">missions</a><br />(human and robotic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_3" title="Mercury-Redstone 3">Mercury 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6">Mercury-Atlas 6</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(spacecraft)" title="Magellan (spacecraft)">Magellan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project"><i>Galileo</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Timeline of Galileo (spacecraft)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(SAC-D_instrument)" title="Aquarius (SAC-D instrument)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens"><i>Cassini</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)"><i>Dawn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler space telescope</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_visited_by_Spirit_and_Opportunity" title="List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity">observed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">RHESSI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ingenuity_flights" title="List of Ingenuity flights">flights</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Currently<br />operating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory"><i>Swift</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS">THEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_14" title="GOES 14">GOES 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_15" title="GOES 15">GOES 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Probes" title="Van Allen Probes">Van Allen Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)"><i>Juno</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_Multiscale_Mission" title="Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_2020" title="Timeline of Mars 2020">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="Timeline of the James Webb Space Telescope">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plankton,_Aerosol,_Cloud,_ocean_Ecosystem" title="Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem">PACE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NISAR_(satellite)" title="NISAR (satellite)">NISAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI" title="DAVINCI">DAVINCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(spacecraft)" title="VERITAS (spacecraft)">VERITAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_Communications_and_Navigation_Program" title="Space Communications and Navigation Program">Communications<br />and navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Network" title="Near Earth Network">Near Earth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Network" title="Space Network">Space Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Deep_Space_Network" title="NASA Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a> (<a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex">Goldstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canberra_Deep_Space_Communication_Complex" title="Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex">Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flight_Operations_Facility" title="Space Flight Operations Facility">Space Flight Operations Facility</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock" title="Deep Space Atomic Clock">Deep Space Atomic Clock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronauts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_name" title="List of astronauts by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">by year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gemini_astronauts" title="List of Gemini astronauts">Gemini astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">Apollo astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">Space Shuttle crews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_aircraft" title="List of NASA aircraft">NASA aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">NASA missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_uncrewed_NASA_missions" title="List of uncrewed NASA missions">uncrewed missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions" title="List of Apollo missions">Apollo missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">Space Shuttle missions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rockets_of_the_United_States" title="List of rockets of the United States">United States rockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cancellations" title="List of NASA cancellations">NASA cancellations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cameras_on_spacecraft" title="List of NASA cameras on spacecraft">NASA cameras on spacecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA images<br />and artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Marble" title="The Blue Marble">The Blue Marble</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(Voyager)" title="Family Portrait (Voyager)">Family Portrait</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot" title="Pale Blue Dot">Pale Blue Dot</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Creation" title="Pillars of Creation">Pillars of Creation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystic_Mountain" title="Mystic Mountain">Mystic Mountain</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(MESSENGER)" title="Family Portrait (MESSENGER)"><i>Solar System Family Portrait</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_the_Earth_Smiled" title="The Day the Earth Smiled">The Day the Earth Smiled</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deep_fields" title="List of deep fields">Deep fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_plaque" title="Lunar plaque">Lunar plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_plaque" title="Pioneer plaque">Pioneer plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_goodwill_messages" title="Apollo 11 goodwill messages">Apollo 11 goodwill messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_insignia" title="NASA insignia">NASA insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_space-flown_Gemini_and_Apollo_medallions" title="NASA space-flown Gemini and Apollo medallions">Gemini and Apollo medallions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">Mission patches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hubble_Space_Telescope_anniversary_images" title="List of Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images">Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon" title="We choose to go to the Moon">We choose to go to the Moon</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">Apollo 15 postal covers incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Mirror_Memorial" title="Space Mirror Memorial">Space Mirror Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Astronaut_Monument" title="The Astronaut Monument">The Astronaut Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_sample_displays" title="Lunar sample displays">Lunar sample displays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon_rock" title="Moon rock">Moon rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_and_missing_Moon_rocks" title="Stolen and missing Moon rocks">stolen or missing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" title="United States Astronaut Hall of Fame">U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps" title="U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps">Space program on U.S. stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_tree" title="Moon tree">Moon tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space#United_States" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Other primates in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_International_Space_Apps_Challenge" title="NASA International Space Apps Challenge">NASA International Space Apps Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronauts_Day" title="Astronauts Day">Astronauts Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Astronaut_Day" title="National Astronaut Day">National Astronaut Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikon_NASA_F4" title="Nikon NASA F4">Nikon NASA F4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:NASA" title="Category:NASA"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:NASA" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:NASA"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spacecraft_missions_to_Mars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mars_spacecraft" title="Template:Mars spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mars_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Mars spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mars_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mars spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spacecraft_missions_to_Mars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mars" title="List of missions to Mars">Spacecraft missions</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mars" title="List of missions to Mars">List of missions to Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">List of Mars orbiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_Mars" title="List of artificial objects on Mars">List of artificial objects on Mars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:55px">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/Mars_flyby" title="Mars flyby">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(spacecraft)" title="Psyche (spacecraft)"><i>Psyche</i></a><sup>‡</sup> (2023, flyby in 2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)"><i>Hera</i></a><sup>‡</sup> (2024, flyby in 2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i><sup>‡</sup> (2024, flyby in 2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">Orbiters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Timeline of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Mars_Mission" title="Emirates Mars Mission"><i>Hope</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1#Orbiter" title="Tianwen-1"><i>Tianwen-1</i> orbiter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Rovers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_2020" title="Timeline of Mars 2020">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg/100px-2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg/150px-2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg/200px-2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5824" data-file-height="4737" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenix_landing_(PIA09943_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg/150px-Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg/200px-Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MSL_Artist_Concept_(PIA14164_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg/100px-MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg/150px-MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg/200px-MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:55px">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/Mars_flyby" title="Mars flyby">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_1" title="Mars 1">Mars 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_4" title="Mariner 4">Mariner 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2">Zond 2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_6_and_7" title="Mariner 6 and 7">Mariner 6 and 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_6" title="Mars 6">Mars 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_7" title="Mars 7">Mars 7</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></i><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Cube_One" title="Mars Cube One">Mars Cube One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2" title="Mars 2">Mars 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_3" title="Mars 3">Mars 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_9" title="Mariner 9">Mariner 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_4" title="Mars 4">Mars 4</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_5" title="Mars 5">Mars 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking program</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1">Viking 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2">Viking 2</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_program" title="Phobos program">Phobos program</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_1" title="Phobos 1">Phobos 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_2" title="Phobos 2">Phobos 2</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Observer" title="Mars Observer">Mars Observer</a></i><sup>†</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></i><sup>†</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter" title="Mars Climate Orbiter">Mars Climate Orbiter</a></i><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission"><i>Mangalyaan</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_landers" title="List of Mars landers">Landers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2" title="Mars 2">Mars 2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_3" title="Mars 3">Mars 3</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_6" title="Mars 6">Mars 6</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_7" title="Mars 7">Mars 7</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1"><i>Viking 1</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2"><i>Viking 2</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder"><i>Mars Pathfinder</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Polar_Lander" title="Mars Polar Lander">Mars Polar Lander</a><sup>†</sup> / <a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_2" title="Deep Space 2">Deep Space 2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)"><i>Phoenix</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_EDM" title="Schiaparelli EDM">ExoMars <i>Schiaparelli</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight"><i>InSight</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1"><i>Tianwen-1</i> lander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Rovers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PrOP-M" title="PrOP-M">PrOP-M</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Spirit" title="Timeline of Spirit">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Opportunity</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)"><i>Zhurong</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/Mars_aircraft" title="Mars aircraft">Aircraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ingenuity_flights" title="List of Ingenuity flights">flights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Failedlaunches" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px;background: #ddddff;">Failed<br />launches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_1M_No.1" title="Mars 1M No.1">Mars 1M No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_1M_No.2" title="Mars 1M No.2">1M No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2MV-4_No.1" title="Mars 2MV-4 No.1">2MV-4 No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2MV-3_No.1" title="Mars 2MV-3 No.1">2MV-3 No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_3" title="Mariner 3">Mariner 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2M_No.521" title="Mars 2M No.521">Mars 2M No.521</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2M_No.522" title="Mars 2M No.522">2M No.522</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_8" title="Mariner 8">Mariner 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_419" title="Kosmos 419">Mars 3MS No.170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yinghuo-1" title="Yinghuo-1">Yinghuo-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:55px">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EscaPADE" title="EscaPADE">EscaPADE</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tera-hertz_Explorer" title="Tera-hertz Explorer">Tera-hertz Explorer (TEREX)</a> (mid 2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_eXploration" title="Martian Moons eXploration">Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Orbiter Mission 2"><i>Mangalyaan-2</i></a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-3" title="Tianwen-3">Tianwen-3</a> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)">Rosalind Franklin</a></i> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBR_Explorer" title="MBR Explorer">MBR Explorer</a><sup>‡</sup> (2028, flyby in 2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA-ESA_Mars_Sample_Return" title="NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return">NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Sample_Recovery_Helicopter" title="Mars Sample Recovery Helicopter">Mars Sample Recovery Helicopters</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kazachok" title="Kazachok">Kazachok</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Aerial_and_Ground_Global_Intelligent_Explorer" title="Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer">MAGGIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Mars_program" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX Mars program">SpaceX Mars program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars-Grunt" title="Mars-Grunt">Mars-Grunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cancelledor_not_developed" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px;background: #ddddff;">Cancelled<br />or not developed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_Regional-scale_Environmental_Survey" title="Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey">Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology_Field_Laboratory" title="Astrobiology Field Laboratory">Astrobiology Field Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_3" title="Beagle 3">Beagle 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_Oxidant_and_Life_Detection" title="Biological Oxidant and Life Detection">Biological Oxidant and Life Detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_and_Phobos_Interior_Explorer" title="Deimos and Phobos Interior Explorer">DePhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker_Life" title="Icebreaker Life">Icebreaker Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsokhod" title="Marsokhod">Marsokhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_4NM" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars 4NM">Mars 4NM & 5NM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_5M" title="Mars 5M">Mars 5M (Mars-79)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars-Aster" title="Mars-Aster">Mars-Aster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Astrobiology_Explorer-Cacher" title="Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher">Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Geyser_Hopper" title="Mars Geyser Hopper">Mars Geyser Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Ice_Mapper" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Exploration Ice Mapper">Mars Exploration Ice Mapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One">Mars One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Micro_Orbiter" title="Mars Micro Orbiter">Mars Micro Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Surveyor_2001" title="Mars Surveyor 2001">Mars Surveyor Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Telecommunications_Orbiter" title="Mars Telecommunications Orbiter">Mars Telecommunications Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MELOS" title="MELOS">MELOS rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_MetNet" title="Mars MetNet">MetNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetLander" title="NetLander">NetLander</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Light_(spacecraft)" title="Northern Light (spacecraft)">Northern Light</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Mars_Orbiter" title="Next Mars Orbiter">Next Mars Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_And_Deimos_%26_Mars_Environment" title="Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment">PADME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phootprint" title="Phootprint">Phootprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sample_Collection_for_Investigation_of_Mars" title="Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars">Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky-Sailor" title="Sky-Sailor">Sky-Sailor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Red_Dragon" title="SpaceX Red Dragon">SpaceX Red Dragon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vesta_(spacecraft)" title="Vesta (spacecraft)">Vesta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program_(Mars)" title="Voyager program (Mars)">Voyager Mars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:55px"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_flyby" title="Mars flyby">Flyby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_landing" title="Mars landing">Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_atmospheric_entry" title="Mars atmospheric entry">Atmospheric entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_aircraft" title="Mars aircraft">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sample-return_mission" title="Mars sample-return mission">Sample return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mission_to_Mars" title="Human mission to Mars">Human mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_to_Stay" title="Mars to Stay">Permanent settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_Mars" title="Colonization of Mars">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraforming_of_Mars" title="Terraforming of Mars">Terraforming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Strategies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Scout_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Scout Program">Mars Scout Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Joint_Initiative" title="Mars Exploration Joint Initiative">Mars Exploration Joint Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Next_Generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Next Generation">Mars Next Generation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Advocacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mars_Project" title="The Mars Project">The Mars Project</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_for_Mars" title="The Case for Mars">The Case for Mars</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspiration_Mars_Foundation" title="Inspiration Mars Foundation">Inspiration Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Institute" title="Mars Institute">Mars Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Society" title="Mars Society">Mars Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_race" title="Mars race">Mars race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign <sup>†</sup> indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned. <sup>‡</sup> indicates use of the planet as a <a href="/wiki/Gravity_assist" title="Gravity assist">gravity assist</a> en route to another destination.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="21st-century_space_probes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Solar_System_probes" title="Template:Solar System probes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Solar_System_probes" title="Template talk:Solar System probes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Solar_System_probes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Solar System probes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="21st-century_space_probes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">21st-century <a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">space probes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Solar_System_probes" title="List of active Solar System probes">Active space probes</a><br />(deep space missions)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sun</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe" title="Parker Solar Probe">Parker Solar Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya-L1" title="Aditya-L1">Aditya-L1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">Moon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS">ARTEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2"><i>Yutu-2</i> rover</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">Queqiao 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu 1 and 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Chang'e 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICUBE-Q" title="ICUBE-Q">ICUBE-Q</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mars" title="List of missions to Mars">Mars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Mars_Mission" title="Emirates Mars Mission">Emirates Mars Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">TGO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">MRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">MSL</a> <a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other planets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="List of missions to Mercury">Mercury</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(spacecraft)" title="Akatsuki (spacecraft)">Akatsuki</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Venus" title="List of missions to Venus">Venus</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)">Juno</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_outer_planets" title="List of missions to the outer planets">Jupiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">Juice</a></i> <ul><li>Jupiter</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i> <ul><li>Jupiter</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_minor_planets" title="List of missions to minor planets">Minor planets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#MINERVA-II" title="Hayabusa2">MINERVA-II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucy_(spacecraft)" title="Lucy (spacecraft)">Lucy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(spacecraft)" title="Psyche (spacecraft)">Psyche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interstellar space</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_probes" title="List of Solar System probes">Completed after 2000</a><br />(by termination date)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_1" title="Deep Space 1">Deep Space 1</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Galileo (spacecraft)">Galileo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2004 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(spacecraft)" title="Genesis (spacecraft)">Genesis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2005 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Huygens_(spacecraft)" title="Huygens (spacecraft)">Huygens</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)">Phoenix</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)">Ulysses</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCROSS" title="LCROSS">LCROSS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">MER</a> <a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li>2011 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">Stardust</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2012 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li></ul></li> <li>2013 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_Express" title="Venus Express">Venus Express</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS">IKAROS</a></li></ul></li> <li>2016 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)"><i>Yutu</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_EDM" title="Schiaparelli EDM">Schiaparelli</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#MASCOT" title="Hayabusa2">MASCOT</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjiang_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Longjiang 1">Longjiang-1</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Cube_One" title="Mars Cube One">MarCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">MER</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjiang_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Longjiang 2">Longjiang-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)"><i>Pragyan</i> rover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test" title="Double Asteroid Redirection Test"><i>Double Asteroid Redirection Test</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission"><i>Mangalyaan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight"><i>InSight</i></a></li></ul></li> <li>2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R Mission 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">Luna 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-3</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)"><i>Pragyan</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)"><i>Zhurong</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li>2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_probes" title="List of Solar System probes">List of Solar System probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes" title="List of lunar probes">List of lunar probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extraterrestrial_orbiters" title="List of extraterrestrial orbiters">List of extraterrestrial orbiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_telescopes" title="List of space telescopes">List of space telescopes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_2002Orbital_launches_in_20032004_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2003" title="Template:Orbital launches in 2003"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_2003" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 2003"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2003" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 2003"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_2002Orbital_launches_in_20032004_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/2002_in_spaceflight" title="2002 in spaceflight">← 2002</a></div><a href="/wiki/2003_in_spaceflight" title="2003 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">2003</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/2004_in_spaceflight" title="2004 in spaceflight">2004 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coriolis_(satellite)" title="Coriolis (satellite)">Coriolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICESat" title="ICESat">ICESat</a>, <a href="/wiki/CHIPSat" class="mw-redirect" title="CHIPSat">CHIPSat</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-107" title="STS-107">STS-107</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/SpaceHab" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceHab">SpaceHab RDM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extended_Duration_Orbiter" title="Extended Duration Orbiter">EDO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Radiation_and_Climate_Experiment" title="Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment">SORCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-166" title="USA-166">USA-166</a>, <a href="/wiki/XSS-10" title="XSS-10">XSS-10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-47" title="Progress M-47">Progress M-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_907" title="Intelsat 907">Intelsat 907</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-167&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-167 (page does not exist)">USA-167</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGS-1A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGS-1A (page does not exist)">IGS-1A</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IGS-1B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGS-1B (page does not exist)">IGS-1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-168" title="USA-168">USA-168</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.92 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-169" class="mw-redirect" title="USA-169">USA-169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSAT-3A" title="INSAT-3A">INSAT-3A</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galaxy_12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galaxy 12 (page does not exist)">Galaxy 12</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AsiaSat-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AsiaSat-4 (page does not exist)">AsiaSat-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2397" title="Kosmos 2397">Kosmos 2397</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-2" title="Soyuz TMA-2">Soyuz TMA-2</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSAT-2" title="GSAT-2">GSAT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minerva_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerva (spacecraft)">Minerva</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellas_Sat_2" title="Hellas Sat 2">Hellas Sat 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beidou_1C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beidou 1C (page does not exist)">Beidou 1C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2398&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2398 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMC-9" title="AMC-9">AMC-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M1-10" title="Progress M1-10">Progress M1-10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thuraya_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thuraya 2 (page does not exist)">Thuraya 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)">Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optus_and_Defence_C1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optus and Defence C1 (page does not exist)">Optus and Defence C1</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSAT-2c" title="BSAT-2c">BSAT-2c</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.53&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.53 (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.53</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbview-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbview-3 (page does not exist)">Orbview-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monitor-E_GVM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monitor-E GVM (page does not exist)">Monitor-E GVM</a>, <a href="/wiki/MIMOSA" title="MIMOSA">MIMOSA</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=DTUSat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DTUSat (page does not exist)">DTUSat</a>, <a href="/wiki/MOST_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOST (satellite)">MOST</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cute-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cute-I (page does not exist)">Cute-I</a>, <a href="/wiki/QuakeSat" class="mw-redirect" title="QuakeSat">QuakeSat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=AAU-Cubesat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AAU-Cubesat (page does not exist)">AAU-Cubesat</a>, <a href="/wiki/CanX-1" class="mw-redirect" title="CanX-1">CanX-1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubesat_XI-IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cubesat XI-IV (page does not exist)">Cubesat XI-IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="EchoStar XII">Rainbow 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="EchoStar IX">EchoStar IX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2399&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2399 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCISAT-1" title="SCISAT-1">SCISAT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2400&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2400 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2400</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2401&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2401 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2401</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-48" title="Progress M-48">Progress M-48</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-170&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-170 (page does not exist)">USA-170</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_USA_satellites" title="List of USA satellites">USA-171</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orion_(satellite)" title="Orion (satellite)">Orion 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK-DMC" title="UK-DMC">UK-DMC</a>, <a href="/wiki/BILSAT-1" title="BILSAT-1">BILSAT-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/STSat-1" title="STSat-1">STSat-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutelsat_33A" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutelsat 33A">e-Bird</a>, <a href="/wiki/INSAT-3E" title="INSAT-3E">INSAT-3E</a>, <a href="/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1">SMART-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_13" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaxy 13">Galaxy 13</a>/<a href="/wiki/Horizons-1" title="Horizons-1">Horizons-1</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_5" title="Shenzhou 5">Shenzhou 5</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resourcesat-1" title="Resourcesat-1">Resourcesat-1</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-3" title="Soyuz TMA-3">Soyuz TMA-3</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-172&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-172 (page does not exist)">USA-172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBERS-2" title="CBERS-2">CBERS-2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuang_Xin_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuang Xin 1 (page does not exist)">Chuang Xin 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERVIS-1" title="SERVIS-1">SERVIS-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fanhui_Shi_Weixing" title="Fanhui Shi Weixing">FSW-3 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shen_Tong_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shen Tong 1 (page does not exist)">Shen Tong 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal-201" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamal-201">Yamal-201</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yamal-202" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamal-202">Yamal-202</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGS-2A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGS-2A (page does not exist)">IGS-2A</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IGS-2B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGS-2B (page does not exist)">IGS-2B</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-173&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-173 (page does not exist)">USA-173</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruzomaket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gruzomaket (page does not exist)">Gruzomaket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2402" title="Kosmos 2402">Kosmos 2402</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2403" title="Kosmos 2403">Kosmos 2403</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2404" title="Kosmos 2404">Kosmos 2404</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-174&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-174 (page does not exist)">USA-174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-175" title="USA-175">USA-175</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Amos-2">Amos-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekspress_AM22" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekspress AM22">Ekspress AM22</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tan_Ce_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tan Ce 1 (page does not exist)">Tan Ce 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&oldid=1259745536">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&oldid=1259745536</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mars_Exploration_Rover_mission" title="Category:Mars Exploration Rover mission">Mars Exploration Rover mission</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2003_robots" title="Category:2003 robots">2003 robots</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Margaritifer_Sinus_quadrangle" title="Category:Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle">Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mars_rovers" title="Category:Mars rovers">Mars rovers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Missions_to_Mars" title="Category:Missions to Mars">Missions to Mars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Robots_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Robots of the United States">Robots of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Six-wheeled_robots" title="Category:Six-wheeled robots">Six-wheeled robots</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Solar-powered_robots" title="Category:Solar-powered robots">Solar-powered robots</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_probes_decommissioned_in_2019" title="Category:Space probes decommissioned in 2019">Space probes decommissioned in 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_probes_launched_in_2003" title="Category:Space probes launched in 2003">Space probes launched in 2003</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_launched_by_Delta_II_rockets" title="Category:Spacecraft launched by Delta II rockets">Spacecraft launched by Delta II rockets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Derelict_landers_(spacecraft)" title="Category:Derelict landers (spacecraft)">Derelict landers (spacecraft)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soft_landings_on_Mars" title="Category:Soft landings on Mars">Soft landings on Mars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2004_on_Mars" title="Category:2004 on Mars">2004 on Mars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mars_robots" title="Category:Mars robots">Mars robots</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_November_2022" title="Category:Use mdy dates from November 2022">Use mdy dates from November 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_January_2019" title="Category:Use American English from January 2019">Use American English from January 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_February_2019" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2019">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_displaying_short_descriptions_of_redirect_targets_via_Module:Annotated_link" title="Category:Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_is_locally_defined" title="Category:Commons link is locally defined">Commons link is locally defined</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 20:43<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-59b954b7fb-npcrh","wgBackendResponseTime":190,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.235","walltime":"1.549","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8444,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":348404,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9838,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":299054,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1260.658 1 -total"," 29.70% 374.469 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.30% 281.149 6 Template:Infobox"," 21.76% 274.319 52 Template:Cite_web"," 15.07% 189.937 10 Template:Annotated_link"," 13.76% 173.518 1 Template:Infobox_spaceflight"," 9.56% 120.561 15 Template:Navbox"," 6.49% 81.800 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.97% 75.237 1 Template:NASAMER"," 4.34% 54.766 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.691","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24901921,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-59b954b7fb-xm75v","timestamp":"20241208123529","ttl":2028286,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Opportunity (rover)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Opportunity_(rover)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q193538","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q193538","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-01-05T08:05:01Z","dateModified":"2024-11-26T20:43:32Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d8\/NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg","headline":"former NASA Mars rover"}</script> </body> </html>