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color: #000000;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Nicholas Pok</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pok_Mikl%C3%B3s_1277_seal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Pok_Mikl%C3%B3s_1277_seal.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="202" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="182" data-file-height="202" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Seal of Nicholas Pok (1277)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #EEEEEE;"><a href="/wiki/Voivode_of_Transylvania" title="Voivode of Transylvania">Voivode of Transylvania</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">1277(–1278)<br />1315–1316</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_II_Cs%C3%A1k" title="Matthew II Csák">Matthew Csák</a> <small>(1st term)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_III_K%C3%A1n" title="Ladislaus III Kán">Ladislaus Kán</a> <small>(2nd term)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Finta_Aba" title="Finta Aba">Finta Aba</a> <small>(1st term)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3zsa_Debreceni" title="Dózsa Debreceni">Dózsa Debreceni</a> <small>(2nd term)</small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #EEEEEE;"><span style="height: 4px"> </span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><i>c</i>. 1245</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">after 19 August 1319</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">Noble family</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Pok_(genus)" title="Pok (genus)"><i>gens</i> Pok</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Elizabeth Dárói<br />Catherine Kaplon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Issue</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Maurice IV<br />Stephen II<br />Nicholas II</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_II_Pok" title="Maurice II Pok">Maurice II Pok</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">N. Rátót</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nicholas from the kindred Pok</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Pok nembeli Miklós</i>; <i>c</i>. 1245 – after 19 August 1319; <a href="/wiki/Fl." class="mw-redirect" title="Fl.">fl.</a> 1270–1319) was a Hungarian influential lord in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. He held positions in the royal court in the 1270s. He acquired extensive landholdings and estates in the area between the rivers <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Some%C8%99" title="Someș">Szamos</a> (Someș). He was among the so-called <a href="/wiki/Oligarch_(Kingdom_of_Hungary)" title="Oligarch (Kingdom of Hungary)">oligarchs</a>, who ruled <i>de facto</i> independently their dominion during the era of feudal anarchy. He was also ancestor of the Meggyesi noble family, thus later charters also referred to him as <b>Nicholas Meggyesi</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Pok&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was born into the wealthy <a href="/wiki/Pok_(genus)" title="Pok (genus)">Pok kindred</a>, which originated from <a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%91r_County" title="Győr County">Győr County</a>. He belonged to the Mórichida branch, which erected a <a href="/wiki/Premonstratensian" class="mw-redirect" title="Premonstratensian">Premonstratensian</a> monastery in 1251 at <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3richida" title="Mórichida">Mórichida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarácsonyi1901897_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarácsonyi1901897-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The branch was founded by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_I_Pok" title="Maurice I Pok">Maurice I</a>, Nicholas' grandfather, who served King <a href="/wiki/Andrew_II_of_Hungary" title="Andrew II of Hungary">Andrew II</a> as his <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_stewards" title="Master of the stewards">Master of the stewards</a> from 1233 to 1235.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201154_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201154-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His only known son was <a href="/wiki/Maurice_II_Pok" title="Maurice II Pok">Maurice II</a>, Nicholas' father, who held several positions (most notably <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_treasury" title="Master of the treasury">Master of the treasury</a>) in the court of King <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_IV_of_Hungary" title="Béla IV of Hungary">Béla IV</a> at least until 1269.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011339_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011339-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He married a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Dominic_I_R%C3%A1t%C3%B3t" title="Dominic I Rátót">Dominic I Rátót</a> (she died before 1267) whom Nicholas was born around 1245. He had three younger brothers, Maurice III, Stephen I and Dominic, who were mentioned only once in 1280 when they were <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunicated</a> due to "tyrannical behaviour". After Maurice's death, the brothers jointly owned Pok, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9t" title="Tét">Tét</a>, Baráti and Mórichida in Győr County, along with other sporadic lands throughout the kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013137_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nicholas appeared first in contemporary records in 1270. According to the sources he married twice; his first wife was Elizabeth, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Mojs_II" title="Mojs II">Mojs (II) Dárói</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palatine_of_Hungary" title="Palatine of Hungary">Palatine of Hungary</a> between 1270 and 1272. She died before 1280. They had at least three sons: Maurice IV, the <i><a href="/wiki/Isp%C3%A1n" title="Ispán">ispán</a></i> of Győr County from 1337 to 1338, Stephen II, the <i>ispán</i> of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ramaros_County" title="Máramaros County">Máramaros County</a> between 1326 and 1327, and <i>magister</i> Nicholas II. Maurice's son was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Meggyesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Meggyesi (page does not exist)">Simon Meggyesi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Croatia" title="Ban of Croatia">Ban of Croatia</a>, thus Nicholas was also an ancestor of the influential Meggyesi family. After Elizabeth's death, he married for the second time to Catherine, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Kaplon" title="Andrew Kaplon">Andrew</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Kaplon_(genus)" title="Kaplon (genus)">Kaplon kindred</a>. She survived her husband and died sometime after 1331.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is a widely accepted academic standpoint that the wife of Palatine Mojs II (Nicholas' mother-in-law) had family relationship with the <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_dynasty" title="Árpád dynasty">Árpád dynasty</a>, the royal house of Hungary through Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_the_Cuman" title="Elizabeth the Cuman">Elizabeth the Cuman</a> thus Nicholas Pok was also part of the Árpáds' distant kinship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013139_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013139-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, Palatine Mojs' other daughter was engaged to <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_K%C5%91szegi" title="Henry II Kőszegi">Henry II Kőszegi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through his granddaughter Anne, Nicholas Pok was also maternal ancestor of the royal house of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1thory_family" title="Báthory family">Báthory de Somlyó</a>, which ruled in <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Transylvania_(1570%E2%80%931711)" title="Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)">Transylvania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland</a> in the 16th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Pok&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_career_under_the_Árpáds"><span id="Political_career_under_the_.C3.81rp.C3.A1ds"></span>Political career under the Árpáds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Pok&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political career under the Árpáds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Stephen_V_of_Hungary" title="Stephen V of Hungary">Stephen V</a> ascended the throne in 1270 after a lengthy wait, Nicholas' career arose. At the preceding decades there were intense throne fights between Béla IV and his son <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Transylvania" title="Duke of Transylvania">Duke</a> Stephen who was later granted the title of <a href="/wiki/Junior_king" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior king">Junior king</a>. Although Maurice II Pok had formerly received the <a href="/wiki/Fi%C4%BEakovo" title="Fiľakovo">Fülek Castle</a> (today: <a href="/wiki/Fi%C4%BEakovo" title="Fiľakovo">Fiľakovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>) from Béla IV in 1246 for his bravery in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mohi" title="Battle of Mohi">Battle of Mohi</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Europe" title="Mongol invasion of Europe">Mongol invasion</a>, however he later handed over the castle to Duke Stephen in 1262, who had openly rebelled against his father.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011260_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011260-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resulted that Pok genus was unable to get positions during the late reign of Béla IV. Maurice II became <i>ispán</i> of <a href="/wiki/Baranya_County_(former)" title="Baranya County (former)">Baranya County</a> only in 1266, when father and son confirmed the peace in the Convent of the Blessed Virgin on <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Island" title="Margaret Island">'Rabbits' Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011339_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011339-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFügedi1986150_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFügedi1986150-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nicholas was donated five villages – <a href="/wiki/Livada,_Satu_Mare" title="Livada, Satu Mare">Sárköz</a> (Livada), <a href="/wiki/Ora%C8%99u_Nou" title="Orașu Nou">Avas and Újváros</a> (Orașu Nou), <a href="/wiki/Vama,_Satu_Mare" title="Vama, Satu Mare">Vámfalu</a> (Vama) and <a href="/wiki/Ora%C8%99u_Nou" title="Orașu Nou">Parlag</a> (Prilog) – by Stephen V in 1270 for possible former military achievements during the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Civil_War_(1264%E2%80%931265)" title="Hungarian Civil War (1264–1265)">1260s civil war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013137_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through marriage he became resident of <a href="/wiki/Szatm%C3%A1r_County" title="Szatmár County">Szatmár County</a> by then, after that his life and career tied to <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarkó2006416_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarkó2006416-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However his lord suddenly fell ill and died in August 1272, following Ban <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Gutkeled" title="Joachim Gutkeled">Joachim Gutkeled</a> kidnapped Stephen's ten-year-old son and heir, <a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_IV_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus IV of Hungary">Ladislaus</a> and imprisoned him in the castle of <a href="/wiki/Koprivnica" title="Koprivnica">Koprivnica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel2001107_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel2001107-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During that time two rival baronial groups emerged (supporters of the minor Ladislaus and former partisans of the late Béla IV, who returned to Hungary after Stephen's death), while the royal power was fatally weakened. </p><p>The rivalry between the two parties characterized the following years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel2001108_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel2001108-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historian <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1lint_H%C3%B3man" title="Bálint Hóman">Bálint Hóman</a>, twelve "changes of government" took place in the first five regnal years of Ladislaus IV.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFügedi1986153_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFügedi1986153-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nicholas Pok was appointed <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_cupbearers" title="Master of the cupbearers">Master of the cupbearers</a> in 1273 (19th-century historian Mór Wertner mistakenly identified him as Nicholas Kőszegi), however soon he had to give the position to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_of_Severin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence of Severin (page does not exist)">Lawrence</a>, son of Voivode <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Transylvania" title="Lawrence of Transylvania">Lawrence</a>, who belonged to the <a href="/wiki/K%C5%91szegi_family" title="Kőszegi family">Kőszegi</a>–<a href="/wiki/Gutkeled_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gutkeled (genus)">Gutkeled</a> baronial group.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201160_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201160-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following that, when <a href="/wiki/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar II of Bohemia">Ottokar II of Bohemia</a> invaded Hungary and seized many fortresses, Nicholas participated in the Siege of <a href="/wiki/Trnava" title="Trnava">Nagyszombat</a> (today <a href="/wiki/Trnava" title="Trnava">Trnava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>). In 1274, he was reinstalled as Master of the cupbearers, beside that he also served as <i>ispán</i> of <a href="/wiki/Bereg_County" title="Bereg County">Bereg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keve_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Keve County">Keve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krass%C3%B3_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Krassó County">Krassó</a> and possibly <a href="/wiki/Ugocsa_County" title="Ugocsa County">Ugocsa</a> Counties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201160_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201160-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the participation in the campaign, Ladislaus IV donated him <a href="/wiki/Hegymagas" title="Hegymagas">Hegymagas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zala_County_(former)" title="Zala County (former)">Zala County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013140_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013140-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the Battle of Föveny, where <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_K%C5%91szegi" title="Henry I Kőszegi">Henry I Kőszegi</a>, leader of the Kőszegi–Gutkeled baronial group was killed, members of the <a href="/wiki/Cs%C3%A1k_(genus)" title="Csák (genus)">Csák</a> baronial group elevated. From 1274 to 1275, Nicholas functioned as <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_stewards" title="Master of the stewards">Master of the stewards</a> and <i>ispán</i> of <a href="/wiki/Moson_County" title="Moson County">Moson County</a>. According to a non-authentic charter, he also held the dignity in 1278.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201155_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201155-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1275, Joachim Gutkeled and the Kőszegi sons (<a href="/wiki/Ivan_K%C5%91szegi" title="Ivan Kőszegi">Ivan</a>, Henry II, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_K%C5%91szegi" title="Nicholas I Kőszegi">Nicholas I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_K%C5%91szegi" title="Peter Kőszegi">Peter</a>) carried out a successful counter-attack, and Nicholas, among others, lost his positions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013141_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013141-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nicholas and his brothers participated in <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_Cs%C3%A1k" title="Peter I Csák">Peter I Csák</a>'s raiding expedition against the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Veszprém">Diocese of Veszprém</a> (where Peter Kőszegi served as bishop) in March 1276, where their forces destroyed, burned and looted <a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a>, the cathedral treasury and its chapel university which was never rebuilt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013141_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013141-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several news reports and diplomas say that Nicholas Pok continued to plunder the <a href="/wiki/Transdanubia" title="Transdanubia">Transdanubian</a> churches in the following years, while he also invaded <a href="/wiki/Tapolca" title="Tapolca">Tapolca</a> in Zala County around 1278. They attacked and ravaged the church property in Tapolca, <a href="/wiki/Cs%C3%B6k%C3%B6ly" title="Csököly">Csököly</a> and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6rgeteg" title="Görgeteg">Görgeteg</a>, while also devastated the episcopal village Hegymagas, slaughtering the local population. Bishop Peter Kőszegi excommunicated the Pok brothers in 1280, but there were no any consequences for that. In retaliation, besides the punishment of excommunication, Peter Kőszegi's troops raided the family monastery of the Pok clan in the namesake village near <a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%91r" title="Győr">Győr</a>. He ordered to transfer its treasury, relics and jewelry to <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cathedral,_Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="St. Michael's Cathedral, Veszprém">St. Michael's Cathedral of Veszprém</a>. In 1285, he personally led his episcopal army in the siege of the castle of <a href="/wiki/Szigliget" title="Szigliget">Szigliget</a>, also owned by Nicholas and his brothers. There, he confiscated the seized religious relics and values, including chasubles, books and gems for his diocese. Some historians connect and merge the two events, and consider the treasury of the Pok monastery were transferred to Szigliget Castle sometime after the Mongol invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013143–144_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013143–144-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1277, for a short time, Nicholas Pok held the positions of <a href="/wiki/Voivode_of_Transylvania" title="Voivode of Transylvania">Voivode of Transylvania</a> and <i>ispán</i> of <a href="/wiki/Szolnok_County" title="Szolnok County">Szolnok County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETreptowPopa1996lvi_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETreptowPopa1996lvi-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel2001382_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel2001382-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In accordance with a false diploma, he held these positions already in 1276.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201139_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201139-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His voivode seal also preserved.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011336_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011336-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Tamás Kádár, Nicholas served as voivode until 1278, when he was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Finta_Aba" title="Finta Aba">Finta Aba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013145_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013145-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the next two decades, Nicholas did not hold any political offices. This was the period when the independent domains were strengthened and gradually distanced themselves from the royal power. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_of_the_Pok_domain">Establishment of the Pok domain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Pok&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Establishment of the Pok domain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oligarch_domains_1301_1310.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Oligarch_domains_1301_1310.png/220px-Oligarch_domains_1301_1310.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Oligarch_domains_1301_1310.png/330px-Oligarch_domains_1301_1310.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Oligarch_domains_1301_1310.png/440px-Oligarch_domains_1301_1310.png 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption>The Pok dominion (orange) among the other oligarchs</figcaption></figure> <p>Under these chaotic conditions, Nicholas Pok, among others, also could establish a dominion independently of the king. Nicholas had started to expand his influence over the territories that surrounded his possessions and castles (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Gherla" title="Gherla">Szamosújvár</a>). Presumably he also built the Somlyó Castle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarkó2006416_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarkó2006416-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acquiring landholdings across the river <a href="/wiki/Some%C8%99" title="Someș">Szamos</a> (Someș), Nicholas became the incontestable lord in Northwest Transylvania for decades (in the basin between the rivers <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza</a> and Szamos), which later mostly was part of the so-called <i><a href="/wiki/Partium" title="Partium">Partium</a></i> from the 16th century. His territory roughly covered Szatmár, Ugocsa and Máramaros counties. Albeit Nicholas was one of the "oligarchs" in the Kingdom of Hungary plagued by anarchy, civil wars and fragmentation, he has not so much notorious like <a href="/wiki/Matthew_III_Cs%C3%A1k" title="Matthew III Csák">Matthew Csák</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amadeus_Aba" title="Amadeus Aba">Amadeus Aba</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_III_K%C3%A1n" title="Ladislaus III Kán">Ladislaus Kán</a>. Otherwise, the Pok clan also had land possessions in Győr, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B3gr%C3%A1d_County_(former)" title="Nógrád County (former)">Nógrád</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6m%C3%B6r" class="mw-redirect" title="Gömör">Gömör</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kraszna_County" title="Kraszna County">Kraszna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kolozs_County" title="Kolozs County">Kolozs</a> Counties. Nicholas and his brothers possessed contiguous lands, the <a href="/wiki/%C8%98imleu_Silvaniei" title="Șimleu Silvaniei">Somlyó</a> lordship (present-day Șimleu Silvaniei, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>) in the region of Szilágyság (Sălaj). Until 1285, they also owned <a href="/wiki/Szigliget" title="Szigliget">Szigliget Castle</a> in Zala County which was the kindred's only stone castle before 1290. Probably Nicholas seized the fortification arbitrarily without the permission of the king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013137_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%A9p_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/K%C3%A9p_06.jpg/220px-K%C3%A9p_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/K%C3%A9p_06.jpg/330px-K%C3%A9p_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/K%C3%A9p_06.jpg/440px-K%C3%A9p_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The fortress of <a href="/wiki/Medie%C8%99u_Aurit" title="Medieșu Aurit">Medieșu Aurit</a> (Aranyosmeggyes), Nicholas Pok's seat</figcaption></figure> <p>On 26 September 1280, Mojs II wrote his <a href="/wiki/Last_will_and_testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Last will and testament">last will and testament</a>, bequeathed his Transylvanian properties of <i>Zolun</i> and <a href="/wiki/Medie%C8%99u_Aurit" title="Medieșu Aurit">Meggyes</a> (today Medieșu Aurit, Romania) to his daughter, the wife of Nicholas. Following this the entire family moved from Transdanubia to Meggyes which became Nicholas' court and the dominion's capital. Nicholas also erected a castle there. In the upcoming decades, his family adopted their surname Meggyesi after the caste, which functioned as the provincial seat of Nicholas's dominion. Meanwhile, Nicholas was widowed and later married Catherine Kaplon, a member of the local nobility, who was much younger than him as she was still alive in 1331.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013148_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013148-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His name was mentioned next time on 7 August 1299, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_III_of_Hungary" title="Andrew III of Hungary">Andrew III</a>, when he was ordered as <i>ispán</i> of Ugocsa County by the king. He held that office until 1303,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011216_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011216-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beside that he was also <i>ispán</i> of Máramaros County for at least twenty years, between 1299 and 1319.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011168_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011168-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel1996152_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel1996152-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oligarchs_in_the_Kingdom_of_Hungary.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Oligarchs_in_the_Kingdom_of_Hungary.png/220px-Oligarchs_in_the_Kingdom_of_Hungary.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Oligarchs_in_the_Kingdom_of_Hungary.png/330px-Oligarchs_in_the_Kingdom_of_Hungary.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Oligarchs_in_the_Kingdom_of_Hungary.png/440px-Oligarchs_in_the_Kingdom_of_Hungary.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>Oligarchs in Hungary during the Interregnum</figcaption></figure> <p>When Andrew III died suddenly in January 1301, a war of succession broke out between <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Hungary" title="Charles I of Hungary">Charles Anjou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_III_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus III of Bohemia">Wenceslaus Přemysl</a>, whom supported by his father, <a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_II_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus II of Bohemia">Wenceslaus II of Bohemia</a>. During that time the pretenders tried to convince the oligarchs to support them. Nicholas' position is unknown in the initial period, he did not take any realm dignity. He devoted himself to Charles only in October 1307, when the <a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Anjou</a> supporters had already occupied <a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a> in June 1307.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel2001130_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel2001130-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nicholas Pok took part in the Diet of Rákos, where the nobles officially recognized Charles as their king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013149_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013149-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristó199942_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristó199942-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to historians <a href="/wiki/Gyula_Krist%C3%B3" title="Gyula Kristó">Gyula Kristó</a> and János Karácsonyi, Nicholas fought in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rozgony" title="Battle of Rozgony">Battle of Rozgony</a> on 15 June 1312, where the <a href="/wiki/Aba_(genus)" title="Aba (genus)">Aba</a> dominion was annihilated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarkó2006416_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarkó2006416-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristó199952_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristó199952-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 July 1312, he was a member of the king's inner council which convened in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1rospatak" title="Sárospatak">Sárospatak</a>, a former centrum of the Abas' province. According to a royal charter, Nicholas moved to Buda by 1 August 1313, where, alongside Palatine <a href="/wiki/James_Borsa" title="James Borsa">James Borsa</a> and Treasurer <a href="/wiki/Dominic_II_R%C3%A1t%C3%B3t" title="Dominic II Rátót">Dominic II Rátót</a> (Nicholas' maternal cousin), judged in the name of king over <a href="/wiki/Judge_royal" title="Judge royal">Judge royal</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Cs%C3%A1k" title="John Csák">John Csák</a>, who betrayed Charles and became a partisan of his distant relative Matthew III Csák.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013150_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013150-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristó199952_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristó199952-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_in_Charles'_unification_war"><span id="Role_in_Charles.27_unification_war"></span>Role in Charles' unification war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Pok&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Role in Charles' unification war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Transylvania was administered <i>de facto</i> independently by <a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_III_K%C3%A1n" title="Ladislaus III Kán">Ladislaus III Kán</a> since 1295. As a neighbor of his province, his rapid expansionist policy meant a constant threat to Nicholas Pok's province in the north-western part of Transylvania. Ladislaus Kán died either in 1314 or 1315. Following his death, Nicholas Pok was appointed Voivode of Transylvania in July 1315 by Charles, a position which was once already held by himself almost forty years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETreptowPopa1996lvi_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETreptowPopa1996lvi-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel199611_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel199611-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also became the <i>ispán</i> of Szolnok County.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel1996200_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel1996200-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1n" title="Kán">Kán</a> kindred had several supporters in the region and the late oligarch's son <a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_IV_K%C3%A1n" title="Ladislaus IV Kán">Ladislaus IV Kán</a> also declared himself voivode thus Nicholas Pok was unable to take up his office.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel2001133_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel2001133-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Tamás Kádár, Nicholas Pok was appointed to the dignity because of his local interests and social embeddedness, in addition to his sporadic landholdings beyond the King's Pass (also known as Gate of Transylvania, which was considered the border between Hungary proper and Transylvania). Given his extensive estates, Nicholas may have been large number of loyal and reliable <a href="/wiki/Familiaris" title="Familiaris">familiares</a>, so he could quickly mobilize a serious force in a military campaign against the Kán dominion. In the surrounding lands, Nicholas Pok was the most influential pro-Charles lord, who meant a counter-balance against the Káns' suppression for the local lesser nobles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013151_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013151-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon the order of Charles I, Nicholas crossed the north border of the province at <a href="/wiki/Zal%C4%83u" title="Zalău">Zilah</a> (today <a href="/wiki/Zal%C4%83u" title="Zalău">Zalău</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>), because <a href="/wiki/Mojs_II_%C3%81kos" title="Mojs II Ákos">Mojs II Ákos</a>, an ally of the Borsa clan, had rebelled against the monarch. The Kán sons also joined the insurgent movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013152_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013152-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nicholas reached <a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Kolozsvár</a> (today Cluj-Napoca, Romania) in the middle of November 1315, however the following campaigns have failed against Mojs Ákos in Kolozs County.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013153_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013153-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of uncertain chronology, there are several contradictory interpretations among the historians to outline the course of events. Historian <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1l_Engel" title="Pál Engel">Pál Engel</a>, who first attempted to reconstruct the order of events in his 1988 study, argued the peace between Charles and the Borsas has collapsed by the first half of 1316. Accordingly, <a href="/wiki/James_Borsa" title="James Borsa">James Borsa</a> made an alliance against Charles with Ladislaus Kán's sons and other lords, including Mojs. Engel, who connected their conspiracy with <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Milutin" title="Stefan Milutin">Stefan Milutin</a>'s campaign against Hungary, argued, they broke the rebellion around the end of 1316. As a part of this, Mojs was victorious over Nicholas Pok and expelled him from Transylvania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel1988114–115_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel1988114–115-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, historian <a href="/wiki/Gyula_Krist%C3%B3" title="Gyula Kristó">Gyula Kristó</a> argued in his 2003 publication that the skirmish between Mojs Ákos and Nicholas Pok took place already at the end of 1315. He highlighted that Nicholas last appeared as voivode in contemporary documents in April 1316. Accordingly, Nicholas Pok, who prepared a war against the Káns, arrived on a bypass road across the Meszes Gate (today in <a href="/wiki/Mese%C8%99_Mountains" title="Meseș Mountains">Meseș Mountains</a>) from <a href="/wiki/Lipova,_Arad" title="Lipova, Arad">Lippa</a> (today Lipova, Romania) to Transylvania because of Mojs' sudden rebellion, which interrupted and delayed the showdown against the Káns, as Kristó considered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristó2003323–325_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristó2003323–325-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian Attila Bárány supported Kristó's theory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBárány201192–93_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBárány201192–93-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kádár argued Nicholas chose Meszes Gate, because he tried to mobilize his spacious kinship and the royal nobility of the northeastern part of the country in the first instance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013151_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013151-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However historian Attila Zsoldos, who also examined the contents of Nicholas Pok's charters, in addition to the dates and locations, challenged Kristó's interpretation in 2016. He argued, if, as Kristó considered, Nicholas Pok arrived to prepare a war to Transylvania immediately after his appointment, he would not have dealt with insignificant estate affairs in his diplomas as he did. Zsoldos considered, the 1318 charter, which narrated the Voivode's appointment and the following events, twisted the years and Mojs was declared the king's enemy retroactively. He argued the Meszes Gate was chosen as a safer route than the Káns' freshly occupied territory. Thus Zsoldos supported Engel's chronology and dated Mojs' rebellion to Autumn or Winter 1316.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2016213–214_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2016213–214-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the defeat Nicholas had to leave Transylvania and was deposed by Charles I in the second half of 1316, or in early 1317 at the latest. Following at least one-year vacancy he was replaced by the skilled military leader <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3zsa_Debreceni" title="Dózsa Debreceni">Dózsa Debreceni</a> who successfully fought against the Kán clan and Mojs Ákos and later also became Palatine of Hungary. Nicholas retired from the national politics and moved to his estate in <a href="/wiki/Tisz%C3%A1nt%C3%BAl" title="Tiszántúl">North-Transtisza</a>. He and his sons resided in Meggyes in February 1319. He was last mentioned alive in a diploma issued by Judge royal <a href="/wiki/Lampert_Herm%C3%A1n" title="Lampert Hermán">Lampert Hermán</a> on 19 August 1319.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013155_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013155-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Pok&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarácsonyi1901897-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarácsonyi1901897_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarácsonyi1901">Karácsonyi 1901</a>, p. 897.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201154-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201154_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZsoldos2011">Zsoldos 2011</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011339-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011339_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011339_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZsoldos2011">Zsoldos 2011</a>, p. 339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013137-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013137_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013137_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013137_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKádár2013">Kádár 2013</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Engel: <i>Genealógia</i> (Genus Pok 1., Meggyesi, Mórichida branch)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013139-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013139_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKádár2013">Kádár 2013</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Engel: <i>Genealógia</i> (Mojs kinship 1.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011260-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011260_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZsoldos2011">Zsoldos 2011</a>, p. 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFügedi1986150-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFügedi1986150_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFügedi1986">Fügedi 1986</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarkó2006416-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarkó2006416_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarkó2006416_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarkó2006416_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarkó2006">Markó 2006</a>, p. 416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel2001107-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel2001107_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngel2001">Engel 2001</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel2001108-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel2001108_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngel2001">Engel 2001</a>, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFügedi1986153-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFügedi1986153_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFügedi1986">Fügedi 1986</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201160-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201160_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201160_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZsoldos2011">Zsoldos 2011</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013140-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013140_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKádár2013">Kádár 2013</a>, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201155-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201155_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZsoldos2011">Zsoldos 2011</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013141-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013141_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013141_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKádár2013">Kádár 2013</a>, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013143–144-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013143–144_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKádár2013">Kádár 2013</a>, pp. 143–144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETreptowPopa1996lvi-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETreptowPopa1996lvi_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETreptowPopa1996lvi_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTreptowPopa1996">Treptow & Popa 1996</a>, p. lvi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel2001382-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel2001382_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngel2001">Engel 2001</a>, p. 382.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201139-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos201139_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZsoldos2011">Zsoldos 2011</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011336-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011336_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZsoldos2011">Zsoldos 2011</a>, p. 336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013145-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013145_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKádár2013">Kádár 2013</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013148-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013148_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKádár2013">Kádár 2013</a>, p. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011216-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011216_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZsoldos2011">Zsoldos 2011</a>, p. 216.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011168-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2011168_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZsoldos2011">Zsoldos 2011</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel1996152-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel1996152_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngel1996">Engel 1996</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel2001130-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel2001130_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngel2001">Engel 2001</a>, p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013149-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013149_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKádár2013">Kádár 2013</a>, p. 149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristó199942-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristó199942_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKristó1999">Kristó 1999</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristó199952-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristó199952_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristó199952_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKristó1999">Kristó 1999</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013150-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013150_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKádár2013">Kádár 2013</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel199611-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel199611_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngel1996">Engel 1996</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel1996200-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel1996200_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngel1996">Engel 1996</a>, p. 200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel2001133-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel2001133_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngel2001">Engel 2001</a>, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013151-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013151_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013151_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKádár2013">Kádár 2013</a>, p. 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013152-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013152_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKádár2013">Kádár 2013</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013153-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013153_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKádár2013">Kádár 2013</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngel1988114–115-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngel1988114–115_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngel1988">Engel 1988</a>, pp. 114–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristó2003323–325-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristó2003323–325_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKristó2003">Kristó 2003</a>, pp. 323–325.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBárány201192–93-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBárány201192–93_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBárány2011">Bárány 2011</a>, pp. 92–93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2016213–214-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZsoldos2016213–214_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZsoldos2016">Zsoldos 2016</a>, pp. 213–214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádár2013155-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádár2013155_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKádár2013">Kádár 2013</a>, p. 155.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Pok&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBárány2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bárány, Attila (2011). "Debreceni Dózsa küzdelme a bihari oligarchákkal [<i>Dózsa Debreceni's Struggle with Oligarchs in Bihar</i>]". In Bárány, Attila; Papp, Klára; Szálkai, Tamás (eds.). <i>Debrecen város 650 éves. Várostörténeti tanulmányok</i> (in Hungarian). Debreceni Egyetem. Történelmi Intézet. pp. 75–126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-821-6468" title="Special:BookSources/963-821-6468"><bdi>963-821-6468</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Debreceni+D%C3%B3zsa+k%C3%BCzdelme+a+bihari+oligarch%C3%A1kkal+%5BD%C3%B3zsa+Debreceni%27s+Struggle+with+Oligarchs+in+Bihar%5D&rft.btitle=Debrecen+v%C3%A1ros+650+%C3%A9ves.+V%C3%A1rost%C3%B6rt%C3%A9neti+tanulm%C3%A1nyok&rft.pages=75-126&rft.pub=Debreceni+Egyetem.+T%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nelmi+Int%C3%A9zet&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=963-821-6468&rft.aulast=B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny&rft.aufirst=Attila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Pok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngel1988" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1l_Engel" title="Pál Engel">Engel, Pál</a> (1988). "Az ország újraegyesítése. I. Károly küzdelmei az oligarchák ellen (1310–1323) [<i>Reunification of the Realm. The Struggles of Charles I Against the Oligarchs (1310–1323)</i>]". <i>Századok</i> (in Hungarian). <b>122</b> (1–2). Magyar Történelmi Társulat: 89–146. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0039-8098">0039-8098</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sz%C3%A1zadok&rft.atitle=Az+orsz%C3%A1g+%C3%BAjraegyes%C3%ADt%C3%A9se.+I.+K%C3%A1roly+k%C3%BCzdelmei+az+oligarch%C3%A1k+ellen+%281310%E2%80%931323%29+%5BReunification+of+the+Realm.+The+Struggles+of+Charles+I+Against+the+Oligarchs+%281310%E2%80%931323%29%5D&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=89-146&rft.date=1988&rft.issn=0039-8098&rft.aulast=Engel&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A1l&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Pok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngel1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Engel, Pál (1996). <i>Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301–1457, I. </i>[Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1301–1457, Volume I]<i><span></span></i> (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-8312-44-0" title="Special:BookSources/963-8312-44-0"><bdi>963-8312-44-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magyarorsz%C3%A1g+vil%C3%A1gi+archontol%C3%B3gi%C3%A1ja%2C+1301%26ndash%3B1457%2C+I.+%5BSecular+Archontology+of+Hungary%2C+1301%26ndash%3B1457%2C+Volume+I%5D&rft.pub=Hist%C3%B3ria%2C+MTA+T%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nettudom%C3%A1nyi+Int%C3%A9zete&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=963-8312-44-0&rft.aulast=Engel&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A1l&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Pok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngel2001" class="citation book cs1">Engel, Pál (2001). <i>The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526</i>. I.B. Tauris Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-061-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-86064-061-3"><bdi>1-86064-061-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Realm+of+St+Stephen%3A+A+History+of+Medieval+Hungary%2C+895%E2%80%931526&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-86064-061-3&rft.aulast=Engel&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A1l&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Pok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFügedi1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fügedi, Erik (1986). <i>Ispánok, bárók, kiskirályok </i>[<i>Ispáns</i>, Barons and Petty Kings]<i><span></span></i> (in Hungarian). <a href="/wiki/Magvet%C5%91" title="Magvető">Magvető</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-14-0582-6" title="Special:BookSources/963-14-0582-6"><bdi>963-14-0582-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isp%C3%A1nok%2C+b%C3%A1r%C3%B3k%2C+kiskir%C3%A1lyok+%5BIsp%C3%A1ns%2C+Barons+and+Petty+Kings%5D&rft.pub=Magvet%C5%91&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=963-14-0582-6&rft.aulast=F%C3%BCgedi&rft.aufirst=Erik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Pok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKádár2013" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kádár, Tamás (2013). "Egy érdekes bárói életpálya a 13–14. század fordulójáról: Pok nembeli Móric fia "Meggyesi" Miklós erdélyi vajda [<i>An Interesting Baronial Career at the Turn of the 13th and 14th Centuries: Voivode of Transylvania Nicholas "Meggyesi", son of Maurice from the Kindred Pok</i>]". <i>Történeti Tanulmányok. Acta Universitatis Debreceniensis</i> (in Hungarian). <b>21</b>: 133–155. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1217-4602">1217-4602</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=T%C3%B6rt%C3%A9neti+Tanulm%C3%A1nyok.+Acta+Universitatis+Debreceniensis&rft.atitle=Egy+%C3%A9rdekes+b%C3%A1r%C3%B3i+%C3%A9letp%C3%A1lya+a+13%E2%80%9314.+sz%C3%A1zad+fordul%C3%B3j%C3%A1r%C3%B3l%3A+Pok+nembeli+M%C3%B3ric+fia+%22Meggyesi%22+Mikl%C3%B3s+erd%C3%A9lyi+vajda+%5BAn+Interesting+Baronial+Career+at+the+Turn+of+the+13th+and+14th+Centuries%3A+Voivode+of+Transylvania+Nicholas+%22Meggyesi%22%2C+son+of+Maurice+from+the+Kindred+Pok%5D&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=133-155&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=1217-4602&rft.aulast=K%C3%A1d%C3%A1r&rft.aufirst=Tam%C3%A1s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Pok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarácsonyi1901" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Karácsonyi, János (1901). <i>A magyar nemzetségek a XIV. század közepéig. III. kötet </i>[The Hungarian genera until the middle of the 14th century, Vol. 3]<i><span></span></i> (in Hungarian). <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Hungarian Academy of Sciences">Hungarian Academy of Sciences</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+magyar+nemzets%C3%A9gek+a+XIV.+sz%C3%A1zad+k%C3%B6zep%C3%A9ig.+III.+k%C3%B6tet+%5BThe+Hungarian+genera+until+the+middle+of+the+14th+century%2C+Vol.+3%5D&rft.pub=Hungarian+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Kar%C3%A1csonyi&rft.aufirst=J%C3%A1nos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Pok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKristó1999" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kristó, Gyula (1999). "I. Károly király főúri elitje (1301–1309) [<i>The Aristocratic Elite of King Charles I, 1301–1309</i>]". <i>Századok</i> (in Hungarian). <b>133</b> (1). Magyar Történelmi Társulat: 41–62. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0039-8098">0039-8098</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sz%C3%A1zadok&rft.atitle=I.+K%C3%A1roly+kir%C3%A1ly+f%C5%91%C3%BAri+elitje+%281301%E2%80%931309%29+%5BThe+Aristocratic+Elite+of+King+Charles+I%2C+1301%E2%80%931309%5D&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=41-62&rft.date=1999&rft.issn=0039-8098&rft.aulast=Krist%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=Gyula&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Pok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKristó2003" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kristó, Gyula (2003). "I. Károly király harcai a tartományurak ellen (1310–1323) [<i>The Struggles of Charles I Against the Oligarchs (1310–1323)</i>]". <i>Századok</i> (in Hungarian). <b>137</b> (2). Magyar Történelmi Társulat: 297–347. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0039-8098">0039-8098</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sz%C3%A1zadok&rft.atitle=I.+K%C3%A1roly+kir%C3%A1ly+harcai+a+tartom%C3%A1nyurak+ellen+%281310%E2%80%931323%29+%5BThe+Struggles+of+Charles+I+Against+the+Oligarchs+%281310%E2%80%931323%29%5D&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=297-347&rft.date=2003&rft.issn=0039-8098&rft.aulast=Krist%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=Gyula&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Pok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkó2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Markó, László (2006). <i>A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon </i>[Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia]<i><span></span></i> (in Hungarian). Helikon Kiadó. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-208-970-7" title="Special:BookSources/963-208-970-7"><bdi>963-208-970-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+magyar+%C3%A1llam+f%C5%91m%C3%A9lt%C3%B3s%C3%A1gai+Szent+Istv%C3%A1nt%C3%B3l+napjainkig%3A+%C3%89letrajzi+Lexikon+%5BGreat+Officers+of+State+in+Hungary+from+King+Saint+Stephen+to+Our+Days%3A+A+Biographical+Encyclopedia%5D&rft.pub=Helikon+Kiad%C3%B3&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=963-208-970-7&rft.aulast=Mark%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Pok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreptowPopa1996" class="citation book cs1">Treptow, Kurt W.; Popa, Marcel (1996). <i>Historical Dictionary of Romania</i>. Scarecrow Press, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-3179-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-3179-1"><bdi>0-8108-3179-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Romania&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8108-3179-1&rft.aulast=Treptow&rft.aufirst=Kurt+W.&rft.au=Popa%2C+Marcel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Pok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZsoldos2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zsoldos, Attila (2011). <i>Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 </i>[Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301]<i><span></span></i> (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-9627-38-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-9627-38-3"><bdi>978-963-9627-38-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magyarorsz%C3%A1g+vil%C3%A1gi+archontol%C3%B3gi%C3%A1ja%2C+1000%E2%80%931301+%5BSecular+Archontology+of+Hungary%2C+1000%E2%80%931301%5D&rft.pub=Hist%C3%B3ria%2C+MTA+T%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nettudom%C3%A1nyi+Int%C3%A9zete&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-963-9627-38-3&rft.aulast=Zsoldos&rft.aufirst=Attila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Pok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZsoldos2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zsoldos, Attila (2016). "Erdélyi háborúk a 14. század elején [<i>Transylvanian Wars at the Beginning of the 14th Century</i>]". In Pósán, László; Veszprémy, László (eds.). <i>Elfeledett háborúk. Középkori csaták és várostromok (6–16. század)</i> (in Hungarian). Zrínyi Kiadó. pp. 198–231. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-3276-96-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-3276-96-9"><bdi>978-963-3276-96-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Erd%C3%A9lyi+h%C3%A1bor%C3%BAk+a+14.+sz%C3%A1zad+elej%C3%A9n+%5BTransylvanian+Wars+at+the+Beginning+of+the+14th+Century%5D&rft.btitle=Elfeledett+h%C3%A1bor%C3%BAk.+K%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori+csat%C3%A1k+%C3%A9s+v%C3%A1rostromok+%286%E2%80%9316.+sz%C3%A1zad%29&rft.pages=198-231&rft.pub=Zr%C3%ADnyi+Kiad%C3%B3&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-963-3276-96-9&rft.aulast=Zsoldos&rft.aufirst=Attila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Pok" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Nicholas I</div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Pok_(genus)" title="Pok (genus)">Genus Pok</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> <i>c</i>. 1245 </span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> after 19 August 1319</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Lawrence</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_cupbearers" title="Master of the cupbearers">Master of the cupbearers</a></span> </b><br />1273 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Lawrence</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Lawrence</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_cupbearers" title="Master of the cupbearers">Master of the cupbearers</a></span> </b><br />1274 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cs%C3%A9p%C3%A1n_II_J%C3%A1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Csépán II Ják (page does not exist)">Csépán Ják</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Herbord_Osl" title="Herbord Osl">Herbord Osl</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_stewards" title="Master of the stewards">Master of the stewards</a></span> </b><br />1274–1275 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Reynold_B%C3%A1szt%C3%A9ly" title="Reynold Básztély">Reynold Básztély</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_II_Cs%C3%A1k" title="Matthew II Csák">Matthew Csák</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Voivode_of_Transylvania" title="Voivode of Transylvania">Voivode of Transylvania</a></span> </b><br />1277(–1278) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Finta_Aba" title="Finta Aba">Finta Aba</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_III_K%C3%A1n" title="Ladislaus III Kán">Ladislaus Kán</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Voivode_of_Transylvania" title="Voivode of Transylvania">Voivode of Transylvania</a></span> </b><br />1315–1316 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3zsa_Debreceni" title="Dózsa Debreceni">Dózsa Debreceni</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Oligarchs_during_the_Hungarian_Interregnum_(1301–1310)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hungarian_oligarchs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hungarian oligarchs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oligarchs_during_the_Hungarian_Interregnum_(1301–1310)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oligarch_(Kingdom_of_Hungary)" title="Oligarch (Kingdom of Hungary)">Oligarchs</a> during the Hungarian Interregnum (1301–1310)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_Aba" title="Amadeus Aba">Amadeus <b>Aba</b></a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Upper_Hungary" title="Upper Hungary">Northeast Hungary</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_%C3%81kos" title="Stephen Ákos">Stephen <b>Ákos</b></a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Borsod_County" title="Borsod County">Borsod</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_IV_Baboni%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen IV Babonić (page does not exist)">Stephen <b>Babonić</b></a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Slavonia" title="Slavonia">Lower Slavonia</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Borsa" title="James Borsa">James <b>Borsa</b></a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Tisz%C3%A1nt%C3%BAl" title="Tiszántúl">Transtisia</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_III_Cs%C3%A1k" title="Matthew III Csák">Matthew <b>Csák</b></a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Upper_Hungary" title="Upper Hungary">Northwest Hungary</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugrin_Cs%C3%A1k" title="Ugrin Csák">Ugrin <b>Csák</b></a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Syrmia" title="Syrmia">Upper Syrmia</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dujam_II_Frankopan" title="Dujam II Frankopan">Dujam <b>Frankopan</b></a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Croatian_Littoral" title="Croatian Littoral">Primorje</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_III_K%C3%A1n" title="Ladislaus III Kán">Ladislaus <b>Kán</b></a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_K%C5%91szegi" title="Henry II Kőszegi">Henry <b>Kőszegi</b></a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Transdanubia" title="Transdanubia">Southern Transdanubia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slavonia" title="Slavonia">Upper Slavonia</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_K%C5%91szegi" title="Ivan Kőszegi">Ivan <b>Kőszegi</b></a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Transdanubia" title="Transdanubia">Western Transdanubia</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Dragutin" title="Stefan Dragutin">Stephen Dragutin <b>Nemanjić</b></a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Realm_of_Stefan_Dragutin" title="Realm of Stefan Dragutin">Lower Syrmia</a>)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicholas <b>Pok</b></a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Some%C8%99" title="Someș">Szamosköz</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_II_R%C3%A1t%C3%B3t" title="Dominic II Rátót">Dominic <b>Rátót</b></a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/N%C3%B3gr%C3%A1d_County_(former)" title="Nógrád County (former)">Nógrád</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_of_Bribir" title="Paul I Šubić of Bribir">Paul <b>Šubić</b></a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_personal_union_with_Hungary" title="Croatia in personal union with Hungary">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banate_of_Bosnia" title="Banate of Bosnia">Bosnia</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Vejtehi" title="Theodore Vejtehi">Theodore <b>Vejtehi</b></a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Banate_of_Severin" title="Banate of Severin">Severin</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oligarchs_in_the_Kingdom_of_Hungary.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Oligarchs_in_the_Kingdom_of_Hungary.png/175px-Oligarchs_in_the_Kingdom_of_Hungary.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="138" class="mw-file-element" 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