CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134fc429a3e9fd4',cH: 'TukO_nUgstHNrKWwcq9duKdrYzPmJisNDGwPdKaazew-1739787003-1.2.1.1-Q9yq9AoF8iR6GFk8Ox9bbXzxh5q_iwgcbwfTR53NSC6vTnXdAkm0xPbeHhm.DliV',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=turbulence&page=8&__cf_chl_tk=RzLSDwI_25Mho0YMvSW7d6gl27mCyJqjtAULiuJTcSI-1739787003-1.0.1.1-r32S0Qka0LjZrgo4YtkNeAHtFh5ydYsrmneJTA_a6Qc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787003',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=turbulence&page=8&__cf_chl_f_tk=RzLSDwI_25Mho0YMvSW7d6gl27mCyJqjtAULiuJTcSI-1739787003-1.0.1.1-r32S0Qka0LjZrgo4YtkNeAHtFh5ydYsrmneJTA_a6Qc",md: "39rkM8QM9OHVhDL.AIk.v467.IsWZq0KxEfZ0OsOQyw-1739787003-1.2.1.1-B.eScrBpWN5shrm26il_FNbH81G0j70jP6Wt.U1Y3Y0HofqBwZySHIjDxedD2hPWt3JxtgHSVHsJq4hSwyR_9PWEXVwhEvd8hwjIE8u2HpOYRzGxmf_v6Y35zCbKmaFUzn9vxkmrFtmHlsM3uPXa2lQV_kK2mQJIXVskyrUgZNodIEJy78rV8iRu74NozoGhv89IE7Ag87sPNKwuBWLPvHv7iO2xjEdBQu_h3bmdGAcMP2HTV7rwcv0WGHBKpEAWxx2UASud3zgth_ZORH68HV2v3R.P5xPWLM208.wAitoRQvHBDPswRMsVpLu4zI4jbwVM87KLETJ7K1vLftCuepIHduZhjhkrCshFUgaScD13A6NVjNHqghUTwVJTNVlsuRU_JC6zII_15dzN0.aaRh2K4DWJOvIOV1FgUFCdid3Nm82qZsuiYTz.ByAZYJV4USp.pHSHnbYq3dUYarGcddzXRgJ6ptjuNk__6pFMCZP2ckVN4bzVMFInYVPEVhHPxmBdFTbfJzSzRardoxIFO6g4mS8azKOs5W5.5IJmquBavnOvkS7kKRQowMVREhuuMFZ4yeFaOsy6P9X3.VYSDlMoSbtEqTLJR3YPK29R5qdyJNQgEJ.hAil6D6rRirL9rgfDizMoWytCdeU1OWFv9x__9_.NDd3NBHUhkqLSfqDmyc.XESgBIzLWuo1bUHnBnxLpXsi5xRaEiEiP_zovqIk6P.AW9TLSnODk2KoXQMH5MjT1ODCRnnwiDQDHkVE.DpNEaDc6X64WtoqWu00XsjnaQURQyd9YlS_CFR5T_kKLoLEeZDR._sGpjEGW70vW9yu0C4rEohvHW1514vy3Mx9sZXfEr42Il7FI5cJQxShPDKD0prg8xr4XZkgWUy3rVCpL6qaJXS9XAicJA1BnTvM5UxyevhQpB94bwxizTC0rdq6rID646kEuIVqv7orVH8RAfC_opcVS.I4ZQ5I3WXbbAccLURFYAaxHR_S9eMF2ExWrFi6an23bIVWMgQDhOmZNQOX7VjzdVlTZP84pNyOWAyz8EqYTWjZI9d7H9mc8VVysMDxEqWvh5ccKplD83X1S2HqeltseTglel_GRhGribSP4eXyrGmLWDsv0uti9o4.7TPG82US1NOzvW3yhSWONtoDbWVwwgDQCHJQKOf_2wu4pk3VgD0SixX07x2swCv1ym5f3xBkTLMI.T6hHwRFmVv9qkuXopt_OUY4S8NEVLamCadfg1JnQ8zDt4KhSbNIW85L9EOVgEVyu3DpdVPIQcq1b1F1wfoQ71b7oM..Y.3GTSgH_y8FOGEzMi4ek2X2PKGKp22SLut9lI.DuKjouNGxIoWYGVD2zfoz_cywFLYwbQKOqgCOBoEG0M6UqAlgpiKOOEEpCt5VPObAG2q55A6bFtSAUoW_Intq_bhz0jL8OTjnR8ogk11UFxDOl_2VqqNtxgPtN7NSFu5X9AoGnZLkdZVC3Sy0liWoLYLBnKpNHpTm7XxBPze7ox48N8d3IhfhfopX4bMaej2Knxe4wYBX9him3g6NjKU6FkrVakanOCsf3l.ag4q.GJVBc8I834KT9BrO2NixEUZAzLqTF9ymPs1eImFIxCU8fNkC8nZADaaSGM2poKFZMHLnqnHUXuSpXTzXMd13mRGm5l5t1qikdDx_0bi37tBzJZCYIGeLNF.LxH8ivFQFH2LOnV6zkDXwUt_7HmU9L5nx.msifo6zY6Hzvfc00ALccKu9TelbXvx9RtmMeimYEBB830wjv6ArHJc3RH9AfoKb2MflyCh3fVHFBdoqowd44OIAiR6vBpZ8EfAOmI8yJC55zNxgvBZoofmcLEqzFUkr9IQ5YwjbrJq.2G2mD964vcrsKY9n9XZw5SEfVcrc9HFsEEfxPjLwWde2fEL9l77rOzN6eIcoLaVOk51FOS77Qqm0JCOmAAlN1zRHYkZKDDl8",mdrd: "JBWKY4UYcyPHIWKm8QbVy.jRV.UJxBNL2H0ETuyGpy8-1739787003-1.2.1.1-oq701X2KPfhgCYg1BlT0Ud8G8.w5aDtPz3.OQuZ4admc93eFtVE9UKYRbFEv0NvkkU4EkGrktcrrOGhv7hunLMZ3dMfGF_fHzWaMSc.b6nLx__iBzLK5sXc717FzZXLBagwFDQI2_1ClMTUkOj7Zsx85jWcVh79EviCS0.pboZA2cgljowtO3vEHE.CmJbbSxlrEeerbDoXldM9f7fERT75jQGV4lBxtsIHmx2iRSWvMsSQDfwigGWP_jRpFfzjhKgDWC03SF4cHwjpiVWnbOEJxt0IhrwGhGXLVTMoUGHROQSMarbf96oGFeqAUpksym4gbkim1rNKbYX6tZnSxINUbfVII7MfH0UmL9MEn0DZoq87vTSh_69fh4Kagog.TijuTs3mGrxUMhV4TGTWj7wc7MnqBf4fU9lGssDM0gcLshQ8IwG8n83Uf.bfMPqKsrvIafzM6cDwmQaf_boT8cPAWHY7jfmUWPBa.zMb0UJP2eQn2VxO5Vs3Ss5ix_Wi6kOD.cAJvDz2q82MvNK22lC_1PlVVuprK2laSJ26lAI1Q6_.ypeeXdoil.RcGTpmzpPY2BWWNJ1wWB_i9iXZVbpaNVvWb9ecy8uBmYm_b.XjVl94dLynsfMohnkPS3ewDHwdbn6catZYtdY_XyPlngCrnecru02blD5mO7xM8C6K21ffLBYho6pYk28r.hivSmIMgV_OjGirPfIMjLJVTHOuxYcP1Nb9v2VYe1ps1wOStpa1uHMrdQlWIPJe10jBnDE34xsrlLvlv4KpNoWaA6x3thac8lJFTE42zbquhAWSlHpQJownZDBue2I1mLh9qdrZzhf0MlM1u54M95if4_6BGfaAr7ioPgKj2A7kaTHLyXTEOccpgBaVkmbtyDf2AXx8nye894i05F3l92G_SrTCAKqMQek0FX9TNl1E4SN3wC4zQLZkTAG5EwJXOnoaD.nSxAuzG2YBM8xsm8ZRZ4qXKYyr.c9p2yvZ_H6lAakmKB0ae.nTfDz97Sjcf_6eJ6LyFiZvLRO3k5fRVkTys.LqH_3xQJZh._Y6khGwPJXS8Qx6KxT1xjkgZ_eqGGbqXuCx0e701fL2PbKJFxGJChmJzejvGG6B3ch9fTvMLRk5.b6bkldrMXOs.nqzzegjZn4bVIsrugDoIJ.XIjnytHujep4o6rvR4gfw2I.yiYeoVoYfr0bev7ny9tMCUWk3VFNXb7PywVKFS5KO6UrIZa_fbtsg4NKUGnxTHGURmUtqTM3CWQOZBc1RRRnM2r_ihhsDtuJX7tI3_QI2.X1hx9PVaFHTKfnPZbCYA1O73Y_daRrGYzI_ytF4I7c99zPyfFi96.89uqk00_8JpwVIu76pEVTAOy_TUz0VfmUqcNIOmkWMR2KU2Se3Z30YYXEX.YonUS3gDTOirsfJoSOVmnO5ZDO7Ps1tRwklEOIduxA_6UVjLzRpA..hPYWEBC.Jl.pp5nfn6l0Egfpx5ENaR7fJZM2ydyXWhqqBlDFNiMtSMWn4RAZlrJmZmnXisOexL_hiM7TlihyuoHIeiI7X5bGb.QWFpJRUCaSAKtnJDcJMNTYPIGWvisyhnT3sS5Ht7.ilEaAniVKB8NZ.q8tGFP6QoewiRnb7VXHXRfsZGvU0zLabaAT_wEDC5_mBOCRxk1zVM_043ZJjl3cLVLGVDfLL49qw_lvyTdDYqgUBMjjbN2Bg9j_v.X3yOAaw6Ur7nZgQN48AD6r.v1E119QHNu0.WvLCuBAw7vRCH3qoYNM23naymqLhRhNOCFQ9rs8FcxCviWW_kCT6ZJOdnzyddmOniR.4DGsppFhK7BgnLJ4ptxSHYmgNaC_sPjgcBrx.QNDJG5rtXuJKW0sl.07x_QjK1elb9J6AsBG6lkJIn06fYTz3PzWhrLmdBG3TK7Ch21_CvPFGIqWB5079NlQxjuf0dXU.Rd1P9fvwBg7NSxK7smA0SiFFEdPwz4xT2QTnE"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134fc429a3e9fd4';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=turbulence&page=8&__cf_chl_rt_tk=RzLSDwI_25Mho0YMvSW7d6gl27mCyJqjtAULiuJTcSI-1739787003-1.0.1.1-r32S0Qka0LjZrgo4YtkNeAHtFh5ydYsrmneJTA_a6Qc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>