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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Burung&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Burung&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Burung&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Burung&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Lihat sumber bagi Burung</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Rencana ini hanya wujud dalam bahasa ini. Tambah rencana untuk bahasa lain" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tambahkan bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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M.|last5=Ksepka|first5=Daniel T.|pmid=32188952|bibcode=2020Natur.579..397F|s2cid=212937591|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/303639}}</ref><ref name="DePietriWilaru">{{cite journal |last1=De Pietri |first1=Vanesa L. |last2=Scofield |first2=R. Paul |last3=Zelenkov |first3=Nikita |last4=Boles |first4=Walter E. |last5=Worthy |first5=Trevor H. |title=The unexpected survival of an ancient lineage of anseriform birds into the Neogene of Australia: the youngest record of Presbyornithidae |journal=Royal Society Open Science |date=Februari 2016 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=150635 |doi=10.1098/rsos.150635|pmid=26998335 |pmc=4785986 |bibcode=2016RSOS....350635D |doi-access=free }}</ref>}}<small>Asal [[Zaman Batu Kapur Awal|Zmn Bt Kapur Awal]] atau awal Zmn Bt Kapur Akhir munasabah berdasarkan [[jam molekular]]<ref name="Yonezawa2017">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yonezawa, T, ''et al''. |date=2017 |title=Phylogenomics and Morphology of Extinct Paleognaths Reveal the Origin and Evolution of the Ratites |journal=Current Biology |volume=27 |number=1 |pages=68–77 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.029|pmid=27989673 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="kuhl2020">{{cite journal |first1=H |last1=Kuhl |first2=C |last2=Frankl-Vilches |first3=A |last3=Bakker |first4=G |last4=Mayr |first5=G |last5=Nikolaus |first6=S T |last6=Boerno |first7=S |last7=Klages |first8=B |last8=Timmermann |first9=M |last9=Gahr |date=2020 |volume=38 |number=1 |pages=108–127 |url=https://academic.oup.com/mbe/advance-article/doi/10.1093/molbev/msaa191/5891114 |title=An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |doi=10.1093/molbev/msaa191|pmid=32781465 |pmc=7783168 |hdl=21.11116/0000-0007-B72A-C |hdl-access=free }}</ref></small> |image = Monticola gularis male non-breeding - Khao Yai.jpg |image_width = 250px |image_caption = |taxon = Aves |authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758<ref>{{Cite web| url= http://www.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/51354.htm| title=Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Class Aves | accessdate=4 Februari 2009 | last=Brands | first=Sheila | authorlink= | date=14 Ogos 2008 | work=Project: The Taxonomicon }}</ref> |subdivision_ranks = [[Kelas (biologi)|Subkelas]] & [[Order (biologi)|order]] |subdivision = * Kira-kira dua dozen [[#Pengelasan order burung moden|order moden]] dan beberapa [[senarai fosil burung|order dan sub-kelas yang pupus]] | range_map = | range_map_caption = }} '''Burung''' ({{Jawi|بوروڠ}}) merupakan [[haiwan]] [[vertebrata]] [[sayap|bersayap]], berkaki dua, berdarah panas dan bertelur dalam [[Kelas (biologi)|kelas]] '''Aves''' yang besar dan pelbagai terdapat di serata [[bumi|dunia]], dari kawasan [[gurun]] sehinggalah di [[Kutub Utara]], juga di kawasan hutan hujan [[Amazon]], dan [[Greenland]]. Terdapat lebih daripada 8,600 spesies burung yang telahpun dikenal pasti yang dibahagikan kepada 27 [[order]]. Selain itu, terdapat banyak subspesies yang jika dikira berserta dengan [[spesies]] yang diketahui mengandungi lebih 3,200 jenis. Burung merupakan homoioterma, berdarah panas, dengan suhu tetap 40-44&nbsp;°C. Tulang burung adalah ringan dan berongga di kebanyakan tempat untuk mengurangkan ketumpatan dan beratnya. Semua burung mempunyai [[paruh]], yang berbeza hanyalah bentuk dan saiz paruh mereka. Kebanyakan burung mempunyai bulu pelepah kecuali sedikit yang tidak mempunyai bulu pelepah. Burung jenis [[teropod]] dipercayai berevolusi daripada [[reptilia]], seperti [[dinosaur]], yang hidup kira-kira 180 juta tahun yang lampau. Burung berubah dan kehilangan gigi dan ciri reptilia yang lain, semasa mengalami proses evolusi yang mengambil masa berjuta-juta tahun. Pada masa yang sama, [[bulu pelepah]] tumbuh pada ekornya dan sayapnya. Walaupun kebanyakan burung mampu [[terbang]], terdapat beberapa spesies yang tidak mampu seperti [[burung unta]], [[rea]], [[emu]], [[kiwi]] dan [[penguin]]. Kesemua burung mempunyai sayap walaupun pada burung yang tidak dapat terbang, sungguhpun ia mungkin kecil dan tidak berguna. Burung boleh mengeluarkan [[telur]]. Pada kebiasaannya burung betina akan [[pengeraman telur|mengeram]] telur, kadangkala kedua-dua pasangan akan bergilir, dan dalam sesetengah spesies burung hanya burung jantan yang akan mengeramkan telur tersebut. Terdapat juga spesies burung yang bertelur dalam sarang burung lain untuk dieramkan oleh keluarga burung angkat. == Ciri-ciri == Ciri-ciri utama burung adalah seperti berikut :- * Badan dilitupi oleh [[bulu pelepah]]. * Mempunyai paruh yang tidak bergigi dan dua kepak. * Mempunyai sisik pada kakinya. * [[Telur|Bertelur]] dan telurnya dilindungi oleh cangkerang keras. * Bernafas melalui peparu. * Berdarah panas. == Taburan == Burung hidup dan berkembang biak di sebahagian besar [[habitat]] darat dan pada tujuh [[benua]] sehingga membentuk koloni di kawasan ekstrem mereka seperti di pedalaman [[Antartika]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Albatrosses And Petrels Across The World|last=Brooke|first=Michael|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=0-19-850125-0|location=Oxford|pages=}}</ref> Taburan [[biokepelbagaian]] tertinggi burung adalah di wilayah tropika. Keadaan ini juga sudah diduga sebelumnya bahawa kepelbagaian burung paling ketara adalah hasil daripada [[penspesiesan]] di daerah tropika; walau bagaimanapun, kajian baharu menemukan penspesiesan tahap tertinggi di kawasan latitud tinggi yang diimbangi dengan darjat kepupusan lebih besar daripada kawasan tropika.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Weir|first=Jason T.|last2=Schluter|first2=D|year=2007|title=The Latitudinal Gradient in Recent Speciation and Extinction Rates of Birds and Mammals|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=315|issue=5818|pages=1574–76|doi=10.1126/science.1135590|issn=0036-8075|pmid=17363673|month=March}}</ref> Beberapa [[Keluarga (biologi)|keluarga]] burung telah beradaptasi dalam menjalani hidup di lautan dunia, dengan beberapa [[spesies]] [[burung laut]] datang ke darat hanya demi tujuan pembiakan<ref name="Burger">{{Cite book|title=Biology of Marine Birds|last=Schreiber|first=Elizabeth Anne|publisher=CRC Press|year=2001|isbn=0-8493-9882-7|location=Boca Raton|pages=|coauthors=Joanna Burger}}</ref> dan beberapa [[penguin]] telah tercatat menyelam sedalah {{convert|300|m|ft|-1}}.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sato|first=Katsufumi|author2=N|author3=K|author4=N|author5=W|author6=C|author7=B|author8=H|author9=L|date=1 May 2002|title=Buoyancy and maximal diving depth in penguins: do they control inhaling air volume?|url=http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/205/9/1189|journal=Journal of Experimental Biology|volume=205|issue=9|pages=1189–1197|issn=0022-0949|pmid=11948196}}</ref> Banyak spesies burung yang telah membentuk populasi di wilayah kerana dibawa atau diperkenalkan oleh manusia ke kawasan-kawasan baharu. Beberapa kes memang disengajakan seperti ''[[Phasianus colchicus]]'' yang diperkenalkan dan dibiak sebagai [[burung buruan]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Pheasant: Ecology, Management, and Conservation|last=Hill|first=David|publisher=BSP Professional|year=1988|isbn=0-632-02011-3|location=Oxford|pages=|coauthors=Peter Robertson}}</ref> Selain itu, ada beberapa kes yang berlaku secara tak sengaja seperti pembentukan populasi ''Myiopsitta monachus'' liar di beberapa bandar [[Amerika Utara]] setelah melepaskan diri daripada kurungan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/322|title=Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus)|last=Spreyer|first=Mark F.|year=1998|work=The Birds of North America|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|doi=10.2173/bna.322|coauthors=Enrique H. Bucher}}</ref> Beberapa spesies, termasuk [[Burung Bangau Kendi|burung bangau kendi]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Arendt|first=Wayne J.|date=1 January 1988|title=Range Expansion of the Cattle Egret, (''Bubulcus ibis'') in the Greater Caribbean Basin|journal=Colonial Waterbirds|volume=11|issue=2|pages=252–62|doi=10.2307/1521007|issn=07386028|jstor=1521007}}</ref> ''[[Milvago chimachima]]''<ref>{{Cite book|title=[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]. Volume 2; New World Vultures to Guineafowl|last=Bierregaard|first=R.O.|publisher=Lynx Edicions|year=1994|isbn=84-87334-15-6|editor=Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott and Jordi Sargatal (eds.)|location=Barcelona|pages=|chapter=Yellow-headed Caracara}}</ref> dan burung [[galah]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=Parrots: A Guide to the Parrots of the World|last=Juniper|first=Tony|publisher=[[Helm Identification Guides|Christopher Helm]]|year=1998|isbn=0-7136-6933-0|location=London|pages=|coauthors=Mike Parr}}</ref> telah membiak meluas merentasi kawasan habitat asal berikutan amalan-amalan pertanian yang membentuk habitat baharu yang sesuai. == Kelas burung == Kelas burung (''Class:Aves'') pula terbahagi kepada beberapa aturan seperti berikut :- * [[Struthioniformes]], Burung Unta * [[Casuariiformes]], Kesuari dan Emu * [[Apterygiformes]], Burung Kiwi * [[Rheiformes]], Burung Unta-Amerika * [[Tinamiformes]], Kesuari-Ayam * [[Anseriformes]], Itik, Angsa dan seumpamanya. * [[Galliformes]], Ayam, Kuang dan seumpamanya. * [[Columbiformes]], Merpati, Pergam, Punai dan seumpamanya. * [[Mesithornithiformes]], Sintar-Merbuk * [[Pteroclidiformes]], Merbuk-Gurun * [[Otididae|Otidiformes]], Burung Jaguh * [[Musophagiformes]], Sewah-Buah * [[Cuculiformes]], Sewah, Burung Mati Anak, Cenuk, Bubut dan seumpamanya. * [[Caprimulgiformes]], Burung Tukang * [[Segan-Amerika|Nyctibiiformes]], Segan-Amerika * [[Segan-Minyak|Steatorithiformes]], Segan-Minyak * [[Cucur (burung)|Podargiformes]], Burung Cucur * [[Hantukang (burung)|Aegotheliformes]], Segan-Hantu * [[Apodiformes]], Layang-layang Sabit dan Burung Madu. * [[Gruiformes]], Keria, Sintar dan seumpamanya. * [[Charadriiformes]], Rapang, Kedidi dan seumpamanya. * [[Phoenicopteriformes]], Flamingo * [[Tetimbul|Podicipediformes]], Tetimbul * [[Opisthocomiformes]], Kuang-Panjat * [[Eurypgiformes]], Pucung-Berjambul dan Gelam-Matahari * [[Phaethontiformes]], Camar-Pita * [[Gaviiformes]], Seselam * [[Sphenisciformes]], Penguin * [[Procellariiformes]], Albatros, Merpati-Laut dan seumpamanya. * [[Ciconiiformes]], Burung Botak, Upih dan seumpamanya. * [[Suliformes]], Angsa-Laut, Kosa, Simbang dan seumpamanya. * [[Pelecaniformes]], Undan, Pucung dan seumpamanya. * [[Accipitriformes]], Helang dan seumpamanya. * [[Strigiformes]], Burung Hantu * [[Coliiformes]], Tetupai * [[Leptosomiformes]], Tiung-Sewah * [[Trogoniformes]], Kesumba * [[Bucerotiformes]], Enggang, Hudhud dan seumpamanya. * [[Coraciiformes]], Pekaka, Berek-berek dan seumpamanya. * [[Galbuliformes]], Takur-Sambar dan Takur-Beberek * [[Piciformes]], Belatuk dan seumpamanya. * [[Cariamiformes]], Jenjang-Garang * [[Falconiformes]], Rajawali dan seumpamanya. * [[Psittaciformes]], Nuri, Bayan, Kakaktua dan seumpamanya. * [[Passeriformes]], Ciak, Pipit dan seumpamanya. == Senarai burung == [[Senarai burung dari Malaysia|Senarai nama burung-burung Malaysia]] Antara spesies burung ialah :- # [[Burung Gembala Kerbau]] # [[Burung Ranggung Padi]] # [[Burung Bangau Leher Hitam]] # [[Burung Bangau Kecil]] # [[Burung Bangau Sederhana]] # [[Burung Helang Kembara Hitam]] # [[Burung Pucung Gelam]] # [[Burung Pucung Keladi]] # [[Burung Pucung Seriap]] # [[Burung Pucung Serandau]] # [[Burung Pekaka Sungai]] # [[Burung Pekaka Paruh Pendek]] # [[Burung Perling Mata Merah]] # [[Burung Pergam Besar]] # [[Burung Tekukur]] # [[burung Botak Besar]] # [[burung Botak Upeh]] # [[burung Undan Merah Jambu Hitam]] # [[burung Pucong Keladi]] # [[burung Sekendi Kepala Hitam]] # [[burung Angsa Mesir]] # [[burung Angsa Hitam]] # [[burung Merak Pongsu]] # [[burung Cenderawasih]] # [[burung Serak Gunung]] # [[burung Kuang Cermin]] # [[burung Kuang Raya Gunung]] # [[burung Kuang Cermin]] # [[burung Kuang Raya]] # [[burung Merah Mata]] # [[burung Merak]] # [[burung Pegar]] # [[burung Siul]] # [[burung Serok]] # [[burung Enggang Papan]] (Buceros rhinoceros) # [[Burung Hantu punggur]] (Strix leptogramurica) # [[Burung Hantu Ketumbuk ketampi]] (Ketupa ketupu) # [[Burung Hantu Rumput]] (Tyto longimembris) # [[Burung Hantu Coklat]] (Phodilus badius) # [[Burung Hantu Telinga Panjang]] (Asio otus) # [[Burung Hantu Telinga Pendek]] (Asio flammeus) # [[Pungguk]] (Ninox scutulata malaccensis) # [[Burung Madu Sriganti]] (Nectarinia jugulris) # [[Burung Lang Alap Jambul]] (Accipiter trivigartus) # [[Burung Lang Kanguk]] # [[Burung Julang Mas]] (Aceros) # [[Burung Bangau]] # [[Burung Belatuk]] # [[Burung Bangau]] # [[Burung Helang]] # [[Burung Layang-layang]] # [[Burung Murai]] # [[Burung Pipit]] # [[Burung Unta]] # [[Burung Merak]] # [[Burung Enggang]] # [[Burung Kenari]] # [[Burung Undan]] # [[Burung Emu]] # [[Burung Tiung]] # [[Penguin]] # [[Burung Puyuh]] # [[Burung Hering]] # [[Burung Kakaktua]] # [[Burung Hantu]] # [[Bayan Parakeet]] # [[Burung Nuri]] # [[Burung Kiwi]] # [[Burung Siul]] # [[Burung Ruak-ruak]] # [[Burung Gagak]] # [[Burung Raja Udang]] # [[Burung Merpati]] # [[Burung Flamingo]] # [[Burung Kelicap]] # [[Burung Enggang]] #[[Burung Kenyalang]] # [[Burung Rajawali]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Pautan luar == {{Commons|Aves}} * {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.naturia.per.sg/buloh/birds/birds.htm Senarai burung}} * [http://www.e-smartschool.com/PNU/004/PNU0040004.asp Apakah burung itu?] * [http://www.indomedia.com/intisari/2000/nov/navigasibrg-11.htm Canggihnya Pengemudian Burung] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041215103819/http://www.indomedia.com/intisari/2000/nov/navigasibrg-11.htm |date=2004-12-15 }} {{Senaraiburung}} [[Kategori:Burung| ]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Templat yang digunakan dalam laman ini: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Templat:;" title="Templat:;">Templat:;</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:;&action=edit" title="Templat:;">sunting</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Templat:Anglicise_rank" title="Templat:Anglicise rank">Templat:Anglicise rank</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Anglicise_rank&action=edit" 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