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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>下属学科</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-下属学科-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关条目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关条目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>相关条目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相关条目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">弹道学</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。64种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistiek" title="Ballistiek – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ballistiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بالستيات – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بالستيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistika" title="Ballistika – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ballistika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Балістыка – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Балістыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Балистика – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Балистика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ক্ষেপণবিজ্ঞান – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্ষেপণবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bannouriezh" title="Bannouriezh – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bannouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balistika" title="Balistika – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Balistika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal%C3%ADstica" title="Balística – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Balística" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balistika" title="Balistika – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Balistika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balisteg" title="Balisteg – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Balisteg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistik" title="Ballistik – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ballistik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistik" title="Ballistik – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ballistik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Βλητική – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βλητική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistics" title="Ballistics – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ballistics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balistiko" title="Balistiko – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Balistiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal%C3%ADstica" title="Balística – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Balística" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistika" title="Ballistika – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ballistika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_(%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9)" title="بالستیک (مکانیک) – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بالستیک (مکانیک)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistiikka" title="Ballistiikka – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ballistiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balistique" title="Balistique – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Balistique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaist%C3%ADocht" title="Balaistíocht – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Balaistíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="בליסטיקה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בליסטיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="प्राक्षेपिकी – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्राक्षेपिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balistika" title="Balistika – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Balistika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballisztika" title="Ballisztika – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ballisztika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ձգաբանություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձգաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balistika" title="Balistika – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Balistika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balistiko" title="Balistiko – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Balistiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balistica" title="Balistica – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Balistica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%BE%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6" title="弾道学 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="弾道学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ბალისტიკა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბალისტიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Баллистика – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Баллистика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%EB%8F%84%ED%95%99" title="탄도학 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탄도학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Баллистика – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Баллистика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balistika" title="Balistika – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Balistika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Балистика – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Балистика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രക്ഷേപശാസ്ത്രം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രക്ഷേപശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balistik" title="Balistik – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Balistik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistiek" title="Ballistiek – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ballistiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistikk" title="Ballistikk – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ballistikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistikk" title="Ballistikk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ballistikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਬਲਿਸਟਿਕਸ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਲਿਸਟਿਕਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balistyka" title="Balistyka – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Balistyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal%C3%ADstica" title="Balística – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Balística" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balistic%C4%83" title="Balistică – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Balistică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Баллистика – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Баллистика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balistika" title="Balistika – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Balistika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistics" title="Ballistics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ballistics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balistika" title="Balistika – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Balistika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balistika" title="Balistika – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Balistika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Балистика – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Балистика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistik" title="Ballistik – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ballistik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="எறிபடையியல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எறிபடையியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Баллистика – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Баллистика" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="ขีปนวิทยา – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ขีปนวิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balistik" title="Balistik – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Balistik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Балістика – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Балістика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="بیلسٹکس – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بیلسٹکس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistika" title="Ballistika – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ballistika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thu%E1%BA%ADt_ph%C3%B3ng" title="Thuật phóng – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thuật phóng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balistika" title="Balistika – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Balistika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6" title="弹道学 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="弹道学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%88%E9%81%93%E5%AD%B8" title="彈道學 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="彈道學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184631#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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.ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6" title="Talk:弹道学">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistics" class="extiw" title="en:Ballistics">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2022年4月5日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目已<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:列明來源">列出參考文獻</a>，但<b>因為沒有<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%84%9A%E6%B3%A8" title="Help:脚注">文內引註</a>而使來源仍然不明</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2022年4月5日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请加上合适的文內引註来<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-3e6f0d49" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Windows"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Games"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="People"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Organization"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Military"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:透過;zh-cn:通过;"></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inclinedthrow.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Inclinedthrow.gif/220px-Inclinedthrow.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Inclinedthrow.gif/330px-Inclinedthrow.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Inclinedthrow.gif 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>以相同角度（70°）射出的三个物体的运动轨迹，黑色物体不受<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BB%E5%8A%9B" title="阻力">阻力</a>影响因而展现出标准的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%9B%E7%89%A9%E7%BA%BF" title="抛物线">抛物线</a>轨迹；蓝色物体受<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="斯托克斯定律">斯托克斯阻力</a>的影响；而绿色物体受<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="牛顿力学">牛顿</a>阻力的影响。</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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evidence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Trace evidence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist" style="display:block;margin-top:0.7em; padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:司法科學">分类</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6;margin-top:0;padding-top:0.15em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output 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science（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Forensic_science" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Forensic science"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>弹道学</b>（英語：<span lang="en">ballistics</span>）是一门研究<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%9B%E5%B0%84%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="抛射物">抛射物</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="飞行">飞行</a>、受力及其它运动状态的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="应用物理">应用物理</a>学科。通过弹道学分析，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%88%E4%B8%B8" title="彈丸">弹丸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%AE%E5%BD%88" title="炮彈">炮弹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%82%B8%E5%BC%B9" title="航空炸弹">重力炸弹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="火箭">火箭</a>等非制导武器的运动轨迹和行为可以被较准确的和，以达到理想的实用效果。 </p><p>弹道学是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B5%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="兵器">兵器</a>类专业的一门学科基础教育课程，通过掌握弹体在膛内的运动规律（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%BD%88%E9%81%93" title="內彈道">内弹道</a>）、膛内压力的形成规律、弹丸在空气中运动规律（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93" title="外弹道">外弹道</a>）、内外弹道诸元计算方法以及与弹道测试等有关的基本概念、基本理论和基本方法。但不同的学科对弹道学的知识面要求重点有所不同，其中弹药工程、弹箭飞行与控制工程学科对外弹道的内容要求更多，其他如兵器发射理论与技术、火炮自动武器、机动武器系统工程、武器系统与信息工程等学科在内弹道理论知识面要求更多。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="法医学">法医学</a>领域，<b>法医弹道学</b>（forensic ballistics）研究在犯罪现场采集到的弹头样本和<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B7%E5%8F%A3" title="傷口">伤口</a>形态来鉴定<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%AA%E7%8A%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="罪犯">罪犯</a>所使用的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%AA%E6%A2%B0" title="枪械">枪</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B9%E8%8D%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="弹药">弹</a>种类、作案方式和行凶地点，以协助<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%A7%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="执法机构">执法机构</a>破案。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="下属学科"><span id=".E4.B8.8B.E5.B1.9E.E5.AD.A6.E7.A7.91"></span>下属学科</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：下属学科"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根据<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%9B%E5%B0%84%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="抛射物">抛射物</a>从发射到击中目标之间的不同运动阶段，弹道学可以细分为以下几种下属学科： </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%BD%88%E9%81%93" title="內彈道">内弹道学</a></b>（internal ballistics）：抛射物在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%8D%E7%AE%A1" title="槍管">发射管</a>内部的运动情况 <ul><li><b>起始弹道学</b>（initial ballistics）：内弹道学的分支，抛射物受到<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E8%BF%9B%E5%89%82" class="mw-redirect" title="推进剂">推进剂</a>驱动并克服起动<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BB%E5%8A%9B" title="阻力">阻力</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E6%91%A9%E6%93%A6%E5%8A%9B" title="静摩擦力">静摩擦力</a>）的过程中的运动情况</li></ul></li> <li><b>过渡弹道学</b>（transitional ballistics）：也称<b>中间弹道学</b>（intermediate ballistics），抛射物与发射器分离后短暂瞬间、在前后受力达到平衡稳定之前的运动情况</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93" title="外弹道">外弹道学</a></b>（external ballistics）：抛射物在向着目标自由飞行过程中的运动情况</li> <li><b>终端弹道学</b>（terminal ballistics）：抛射物撞击目标后的运动情况</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关条目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E6.9D.A1.E7.9B.AE"></span>相关条目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：相关条目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%9B%E5%B0%84%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="抛射物">抛射物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%8D%E7%AE%A1" title="槍管">枪管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%84%E6%93%8A%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="射擊運動">射击运动</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFUS_Army1965" class="citation">US Army, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/462060.pdf">Interior Ballistics of Guns</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, Engineering Design Handbook: Ballistics Series, United States Army Materiel Command, February 1965 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-09-26</span>]</span>, AMCP 706-150, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211001530/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/462060.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2017-02-11）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6&rft.au=US+Army&rft.btitle=Interior+Ballistics+of+Guns&rft.date=1965-02&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Materiel+Command&rft.series=Engineering+Design+Handbook%3A+Ballistics+Series&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dtic.mil%2Fdtic%2Ftr%2Ffulltext%2Fu2%2F462060.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGurstelle2004" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Gurstelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Gurstelle（页面不存在）">Gurstelle, William</a>, The art of the catapult: build Greek ballista, Roman onagers, English trebuchets, and more ancient artillery, Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2004, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-55652-526-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-55652-526-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-55652-526-1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/54529037"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 54529037</span></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6&rft.aufirst=William&rft.aulast=Gurstelle&rft.btitle=The+art+of+the+catapult%3A+build+Greek+ballista%2C+Roman+onagers%2C+English+trebuchets%2C+and+more+ancient+artillery&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-55652-526-1&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Chicago+Review+Press&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54529037&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLiddellScott" class="citation">Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert, A Greek-English Lexicon (definition), Perseus, Tufts</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6&rft.au=Scott%2C+Robert&rft.aufirst=Henry+George&rft.aulast=Liddell&rft.btitle=A+Greek-English+Lexicon&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Tufts&rft.series=Perseus&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dkata%2F1">κατά</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120513155555/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dkata%2F1">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpa%2Fllw">πάλλω</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20131111192039/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpa%2Fllw">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMarsden1969" class="citation">Marsden, Eric William, Greek and Roman Artillery: Historical Development, Oxford: Clarendon, 1969, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-814268-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-19-814268-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-19-814268-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6&rft.aufirst=Eric+William&rft.aulast=Marsden&rft.btitle=Greek+and+Roman+Artillery%3A+Historical+Development&rft.date=1969&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-814268-3&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMSFC_History_Office2000" class="citation">MSFC History Office, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090709042712/http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/rocketry/tl1.html">Rockets in Ancient Times (100 B.C. to 17th Century)</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marshall_Space_Flight_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marshall Space Flight Center（页面不存在）">Marshall Space Flight Center</a> History Office, 2000 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-09-26</span>]</span>, （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.msfc.nasa.gov/rocketry/tl1.html">原始内容</a>存档于2009-07-09）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6&rft.au=MSFC+History+Office&rft.btitle=Rockets+in+Ancient+Times+%28100+B.C.+to+17th+Century%29&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Marshall+Space+Flight+Center+History+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.msfc.nasa.gov%2Frocketry%2Ftl1.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOxford_Dic" class="citation">catapult, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/catapult">Dictionaries</a> (definition), Oxford, <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-09-26</span>]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120702092148/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/catapult">存档</a>于2012-07-02）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6&rft.atitle=catapult&rft.btitle=Dictionaries&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=Oxford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fcatapult&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSchellenberg2006" class="citation">Schellenberg, Hans Michael, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202237/http://s145739614.online.de/fera/ausgabe3/Schellenberg.pdf">Diodor von Sizilien 14,42,1 und die Erfindung der Artillerie im Mittelmeerraum</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, Frankfurter Elektronische Rundschau zur Altertumskunde, 2006, <b>3</b>: 14–23 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-09-26</span>]</span>, （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s145739614.online.de/fera/ausgabe3/Schellenberg.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2016-03-03）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6&rft.atitle=Diodor+von+Sizilien+14%2C42%2C1+und+die+Erfindung+der+Artillerie+im+Mittelmeerraum&rft.aufirst=Hans+Michael&rft.aulast=Schellenberg&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frankfurter+Elektronische+Rundschau+zur+Altertumskunde&rft.pages=14-23&rft.volume=3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs145739614.online.de%2Ffera%2Fausgabe3%2FSchellenberg.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSutton2001" class="citation">Sutton, George, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=LQbDOxg3XZcC&printsec=frontcover">Rocket Propulsion Elements</a> 7th, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2001, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-471-32642-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-471-32642-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-471-32642-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6&rft.aufirst=George&rft.aulast=Sutton&rft.btitle=Rocket+Propulsion+Elements&rft.date=2001&rft.edition=7th&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-471-32642-7&rft.place=Chichester&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DLQbDOxg3XZcC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/弹道学">弹道学</a></b>」。</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ballistics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ballistics"><span style="font-weight:bold;">弹道学</span></a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">英文维基文库</a>中的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E7%89%88" title="大英百科全書第十一版">1911年版大英百科全書</a>》條目：<b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ballistics" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ballistics">Ballistics</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afte.org/">Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160926203049/http://www.afte.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/BallisticTrajectories/">Ballistic Trajectories</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20081205035732/http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/BallisticTrajectories/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） by Jeff Bryant, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfram_Demonstrations_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfram Demonstrations Project（页面不存在）">The Wolfram Demonstrations Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120304090838/http://www.quincy.ca/timelines/forensic_firearms_tool_marks.html">Forensic Firearms and Tool Marks Time Line</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ballistics.org/">International Ballistics Society</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110625010829/http://ballistics.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120831144649/http://www.castpics.net/subsite2/ClassicWorks/The_bullet_s_flight_from_powder_to_targe.pdf">The Bullet's Flight from Powder to Target</a> — Franklin Weston Mann</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184631#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184631#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184631#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Balistique"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11941868r">法国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Balistique"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11941868r">BnF data</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007282434505171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ballistics"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85011312">美国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561248">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="balistika"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph241152&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300232690">AAT</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=40140">现代乌克兰百科全书</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10637713">NARA</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=弹道学&oldid=82706854">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=弹道学&oldid=82706854</a>”</div></div> <div 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