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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kirish</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc--sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manbalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manbalar"> <div 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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Biologiya</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 245 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-245" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">245 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Абиологиа – abxaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Абиологиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abxaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – nemis (Shveytsariya)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemis (Shveytsariya)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90_%E1%88%95%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%88%E1%89%B5" title="ሥነ ሕይወት – amxar" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ሕይወት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amxar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloch%C3%ADa" title="Biolochía – aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Biolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="علم الأحياء – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الأحياء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="لبيولوجيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لبيولوجيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بيولوجيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيولوجيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জীৱবিজ্ঞান – assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জীৱবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolox%C3%ADa" title="Bioloxía – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bioloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliopa" title="Bliopa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Bliopa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="जीवशास्‍त्र – avadxi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जीवशास्‍त्र" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologiya" title="Biologiya – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Biologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="بیولوژی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیولوژی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – boshqird" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="boshqird" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioluog%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Bioluogėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bioluogėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyolohiya" title="Biyolohiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Biyolohiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біялогія – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Біялогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біялёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Біялёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88lmu_hayat" title="Èlmu hayat – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Èlmu hayat" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जीवविज्ञान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जीवविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baeoloji" title="Baeoloji – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Baeoloji" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaji_hayat" title="Kaji hayat – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kaji hayat" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဇီဝဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဇီဝဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জীববিজ্ঞান – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জীববিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="སྐྱེ་དངོས་རིག་པ། – tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྐྱེ་དངོས་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevoniezh" title="Bevoniezh – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bevoniezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologija" title="Biologija – bosniy" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Biologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%85%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%92%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%81%E1%A8%97" title="ᨅᨗᨕᨚᨒᨚᨁᨗ – bugi" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨅᨗᨕᨚᨒᨚᨁᨗ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="bugi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Биологи – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Биологи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%95ng-%C5%ADk-h%C5%8Fk" title="Sĕng-ŭk-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sĕng-ŭk-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Биологи – chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Биологи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyolohiya" title="Biyolohiya – sebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Biyolohiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloyia" title="Bioloyia – chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Bioloyia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ژینناسی – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژینناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolugia" title="Biolugia – korsikan" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Biolugia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayatiyat" title="Ayatiyat – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ayatiyat" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologij%C3%B4" title="Biologijô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Biologijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Биологи – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Биологи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bywydeg" title="Bywydeg – valliy" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bywydeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valliy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binni%C9%9Bma_vihigu" title="Binniɛma vihigu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Binniɛma vihigu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%B6c%C3%ABp%C3%AFr" title="Piöcëpïr – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piöcëpïr" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyolociye" title="Biyolociye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Biyolociye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8B%DE%A8%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%89%DE%A7%DE%84%DE%AC%DE%80%DE%AD_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ދިރުމާބެހޭ އިލްމު – divexi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ދިރުމާބެހޭ އިލްމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divexi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βιολογία – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology" title="Biology – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Biology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologio" title="Biologio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Biologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolog%C3%ADa" title="Biología – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloogia" title="Bioloogia – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bioloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زیست‌شناسی – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیست‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloogia" title="Bioloogia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Bioloogia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilanibula" title="Kilanibula – fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kilanibula" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADvfr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Lívfrøði – farercha" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Lívfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="farercha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologii" title="Biologii – shimoliy friz" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Biologii" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="shimoliy friz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologjie" title="Biologjie – friul" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Biologjie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology" title="Biology – g‘arbiy friz" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Biology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="g‘arbiy friz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitheola%C3%ADocht" title="Bitheolaíocht – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bitheolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byoloji" title="Byoloji – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Byoloji" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bith-e%C3%B2las" title="Bith-eòlas – shotland-gel" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bith-eòlas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="shotland-gel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolox%C3%ADa" title="Bioloxía – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bioloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زیویشتشناسی – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="زیویشتشناسی" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekovekuaaty" title="Tekovekuaaty – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tekovekuaaty" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9E%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="જીવવિજ્ઞાન – gujarot" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જીવવિજ્ઞાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bea-oaylleeaght" title="Bea-oaylleeaght – men" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Bea-oaylleeaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="men" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology" title="Biology – xausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Biology" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="xausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2ng-vu%CC%8Dt-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Sâng-vu̍t-ho̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sâng-vu̍t-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81laimeaola" title="Kālaimeaola – gavaycha" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kālaimeaola" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="gavaycha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="ביולוגיה – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जीव विज्ञान – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीव विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiu_vigyan" title="Jiu vigyan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Jiu vigyan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologija" title="Biologija – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologija" title="Biologija – yuqori sorb" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Biologija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="yuqori sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyoloji" title="Biyoloji – gaityan" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Biyoloji" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="gaityan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biol%C3%B3gia" title="Biológia – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Biológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կենսաբանություն – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կենսաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կենսաբանութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կենսաբանութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolohia" title="Biolohia – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Biolohia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Биологи – ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Биологи" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologio" title="Biologio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Biologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADffr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Líffræði – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Líffræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%86%E1%92%AA%E1%94%85%E1%93%B1%E1%93%AF%E1%96%83%E1%95%90%E1%91%90%E1%93%95%E1%95%86%E1%93%82%E1%96%85" title="ᐆᒪᔅᓱᓯᖃᕐᑐᓕᕆᓂᖅ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐆᒪᔅᓱᓯᖃᕐᑐᓕᕆᓂᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="生物学 – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="生物学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bailoji" title="Bailoji – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Bailoji" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mivyske" title="mivyske – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mivyske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – yavan" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="yavan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბიოლოგია – gruzincha" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბიოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologiya" title="Biologiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Biologiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnudert" title="Tasnudert – kabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasnudert" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomna%C9%A3_l%C9%9B%C9%A3t%CA%8B" title="Tomnaɣ lɛɣtʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tomnaɣ lɛɣtʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayoroj%C4%A9" title="Bayorojĩ – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Bayorojĩ" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uumassusililerineq" title="Uumassusililerineq – grenland" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Uumassusililerineq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="grenland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="ជីវវិទ្យា – xmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជីវវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="xmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಜೀವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೀವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="생물학 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생물학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%9B%D9%88%D9%97%D8%AF%D9%8F%D8%AA" title="زیٛوٗدُت – kashmircha" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="زیٛوٗدُت" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmircha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyoloj%C3%AE" title="Biyolojî – kurdcha" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Biyolojî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bywonieth" title="Bywonieth – korn" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bywonieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – qirgʻizcha" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="qirgʻizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolojiya" title="Biolojiya – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Biolojiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – lyuksemburgcha" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lyuksemburgcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – lezgin" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolojia" title="Biolojia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Biolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essomabiramu" title="Essomabiramu – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Essomabiramu" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – limburg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolojia" title="Biolojia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Biolojia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamb%C3%AD_ma_bom%C9%94i" title="Mambí ma bomɔi – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mambí ma bomɔi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ຊີວະສາດ – laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຊີວະສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologija" title="Biologija – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Biologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolo%C4%A3ija" title="Bioloģija – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bioloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – madur" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C3%B4l%C3%B4jia" title="Biôlôjia – malagasiy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Biôlôjia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Биологий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Биологий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Биологија – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Биологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ജീവശാസ്ത്രം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജീവശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Амин судлал – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Амин судлал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯊꯋꯥꯢꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ – manipur" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯊꯋꯥꯢꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="जीवशास्त्र – maratxi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जीवशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijolo%C4%A1ija" title="Bijoloġija – maltiy" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Bijoloġija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဇီဝဗေဒ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇီဝဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C-%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Биологиясь-эриеньсодамось – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Биологиясь-эриеньсодамось" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolizmatiliztli" title="Yolizmatiliztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Yolizmatiliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologgia" title="Biologgia – neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Biologgia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – quyi nemis" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="quyi nemis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – quyi sakson" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="quyi sakson" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जीव विज्ञान – nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जीव विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="जीवशास्त्र – nevar" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जीवशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – norveg-nyunorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveg-nyunorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – norveg-bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveg-bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A3%DF%8C%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%99%DF%8A%DF%B2" title="ߣߌߡߊߞߊߙߊ߲ – nko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߣߌߡߊߞߊߙߊ߲" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="nko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thutaphedi" title="Thutaphedi – shimoliy soto" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Thutaphedi" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="shimoliy soto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolougii" title="Biolougii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Biolougii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiinjiree" title="Xiinjiree – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Xiinjiree" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AC_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଜୀବ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜୀବ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Биологи – osetin" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Биологи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – panjobcha" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjobcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – papiyamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiyamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biiolojii" title="Biiolojii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Biiolojii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolog%C3%ACa" title="Biologìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Biologìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AA" title="جیون پڑھت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیون پڑھت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%86%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="ژونپوهنه – pushtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ژونپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pushtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsay_yachay" title="Kawsay yachay – kechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsay yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – arumin" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біолоґія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Біолоґія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="जीवशास्त्रम् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जीवशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – saxa" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="saxa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – sardin" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolugg%C3%ACa" title="Bioluggìa – sitsiliya" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bioluggìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiliya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology" title="Biology – shotland" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Biology" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="shotland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حياتيات – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="حياتيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologija" title="Biologija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Biologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnudrt" title="Tasnudrt – tashelxit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasnudrt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tashelxit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ජීව විද්‍යාව – singal" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජීව විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology" title="Biology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Biology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biol%C3%B3gia" title="Biológia – slovakcha" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Biológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حیاتیات – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="حیاتیات" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologija" title="Biologija – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Biologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paiolo" title="Paiolo – samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Paiolo" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruambamhenyu" title="Ruambamhenyu – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ruambamhenyu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayoloji" title="Bayoloji – somalicha" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bayoloji" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalicha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologjia" title="Biologjia – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Biologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Биологија – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Биологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibhayoloji" title="Ibhayoloji – svati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Ibhayoloji" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="svati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baeloji" title="Baeloji – janubiy soto" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Baeloji" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="janubiy soto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – sundan" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolojia" title="Biolojia – suaxili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Biolojia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaxili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologij%C5%8F" title="Biologijŏ – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Biologijŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="உயிரியல் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிரியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಜೀವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜೀವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="జీవ శాస్త్రం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీవ శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolojia" title="Biolojia – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Biolojia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Зистшиносӣ – tojik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зистшиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tojik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="ชีววิทยา – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชีววิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%8B%AE%E1%88%8E%E1%8C%82" title="ባዮሎጂ – tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ባዮሎጂ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi%C3%BDa" title="Biologiýa – turkman" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Biologiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyolohiya" title="Biyolohiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Biyolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologij%C9%99" title="Biologijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Biologijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Save_long_laip" title="Save long laip – tok-piksin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Save long laip" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok-piksin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyoloji" title="Biyoloji – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Biyoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntivo-Vutomi" title="Ntivo-Vutomi – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Ntivo-Vutomi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%89%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="بىئولوگىيە – uyg‘ur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بىئولوگىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uyg‘ur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біологія – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حیاتیات – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حیاتیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio%C5%82ozia" title="Biołozia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Biołozia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologii" title="Biologii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Biologii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Sinh học – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sinh học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolog" title="Biolog – volapyuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Biolog" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyolodjeye" title="Biyolodjeye – vallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Biyolodjeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyolohiya" title="Biyolohiya – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Biyolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生物學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Биолог – qalmoq" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Биолог" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="qalmoq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBayoloji" title="IBayoloji – kxosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IBayoloji" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="kxosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბიოლოგია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბიოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="ביאלאגיע – idish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ביאלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swnghvuzyoz" title="Swnghvuzyoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Swnghvuzyoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵓⴷⵔⵜ – tamazigxt" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵓⴷⵔⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazigxt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="生物学 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="生物学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="生物學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seng-bu%CC%8Dt-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生物學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umchazampilo" title="Umchazampilo – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umchazampilo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q420#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomfazolar"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Biologiya" title="Sahifani ko‘rish [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Maqola</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Munozara:Biologiya" rel="discussion" title="Sahifa matni borasida munozara [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" 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hreflang="uz-Latn"><span>lotin</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-uz-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologiya&variant=uz-cyrl" lang="uz-Cyrl" hreflang="uz-Cyrl"><span>кирилл</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Koʻrinishlar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Biologiya"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologiya&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologiya&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologiya&action=history" title="Bu sahifaning oʻzgarishlar tarixi [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Asboblar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Asboblar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Asboblar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Koʻproq opsiyalar" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Amallar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Biologiya"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologiya&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologiya&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologiya&action=history"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umumiy </div> 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id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:DownloadAsPdf&page=Biologiya&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF sifatida yuklash</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Ushbu sahifaning bosma uchun versiyasi [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bosma uchun versiya</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Boshqa loyihalarda </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Biology" hreflang="en"><span>Vikiombor</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q420" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikimaʼlumotlar bandi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Qiyofa"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Qiyofa</div> <button 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nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width: 25em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle navbox-abovebelow"><b>Jami fanlar majmuasi</b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle navbox-abovebelow" style="font-size:175%"><a href="/wiki/Fan" title="Fan">Fan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fan" title="Fan"><img alt="Fan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/uz/thumb/3/3d/Fan_dunyosi.jpg/150px-Fan_dunyosi.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/uz/3/3d/Fan_dunyosi.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="198" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rasmiy_fan" title="Rasmiy fan">Rasmiy fanlar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantiq" title="Mantiq">Mantiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">Matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematik_mantiq" title="Matematik mantiq">Matematik mantiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematik_statistika" title="Matematik statistika">Matematik statistika</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fizik_fan" title="Fizik fan">Fizik fanlar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">Fizika</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaliy_fizika" title="Amaliy fizika">Amaliy fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom_fizikasi" title="Atom fizikasi">Atom fizikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksperimental_fizika" title="Eksperimental fizika">Eksperimental fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektr_zanjirlar_nazariyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektr zanjirlar nazariyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Elektr zanjirlar nazariyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementar_zarralar_fizikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementar zarralar fizikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Elementar zarralar fizikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gidromexanika" title="Gidromexanika">Gidromexanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisoblash_fizikasi" title="Hisoblash fizikasi">Hisoblash fizikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassik_fizika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klassik fizika (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Klassik fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klassik_mexanika" title="Klassik mexanika">Klassik mexanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvant_mexanikasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvant mexanikasi">Kvant mexanikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxsus_nisbiylik_nazariyasi" title="Maxsus nisbiylik nazariyasi">Maxsus nisbiylik nazariyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexanika" title="Mexanika">Mexanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazariy_fizika" title="Nazariy fizika">Nazariy fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazma" title="Plazma">Plazma fizikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qattiq_jismlar_fizikasi" title="Qattiq jismlar fizikasi">Qattiq jismlar fizikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qattiq_jismlar_mexanikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qattiq jismlar mexanikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Qattiq jismlar mexanikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reologiya" title="Reologiya">Reologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxion (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Taxion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">Termodinamika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutash_muhitlar_mexanikasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutash muhitlar mexanikasi">Tutash muhitlar mexanikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umumiy_nisbiylik_nazariyasi" title="Umumiy nisbiylik nazariyasi">Umumiy nisbiylik nazariyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yadroviy_fizika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yadroviy fizika (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yadroviy fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zamonaviy_fizika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zamonaviy fizika (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Zamonaviy fizika</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kimyo" title="Kimyo">Kimyo</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkimyo" title="Alkimyo">Alkimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analitik_kimyo" title="Analitik kimyo">Analitik kimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anorganik_kimyo" title="Anorganik kimyo">Anorganik kimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asos_va_kislotalar_nazariyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asos va kislotalar nazariyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Asos va kislotalar nazariyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrokimyo" title="Astrokimyo">Astrokimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atrof_muhit_kimyosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atrof muhit kimyosi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Atrof muhit kimyosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biokimyo" title="Biokimyo">Biokimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fizik_kimyo" title="Fizik kimyo">Fizik kimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotokimyo" title="Fotokimyo">Fotokimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geokimyo" title="Geokimyo">Geokimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristallografiya" title="Kristallografiya">Kristallografiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialshunoslik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materialshunoslik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Materialshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molekular_fizika" title="Molekular fizika">Molekular fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazariy_kimyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazariy kimyo (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Nazariy kimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organik_kimyo" title="Organik kimyo">Organik kimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oziq_ovqat_kimyosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oziq ovqat kimyosi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Oziq ovqat kimyosi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qattiq_jismlar_kimyosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qattiq jismlar kimyosi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Qattiq jismlar kimyosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiokimyo" title="Radiokimyo">Radiokimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereokimyo" title="Stereokimyo">Stereokimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supramolekulyar_kimyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supramolekulyar kimyo (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Supramolekulyar kimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yadroviy_kimyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yadroviy kimyo (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yadroviy kimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yashil_kimyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yashil kimyo (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yashil kimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuza_fani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuza fani (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yuza fani</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya">Astronomiya</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrofizika" title="Astrofizika">Astrofizika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrogeologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrogeologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Astrogeologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaktika_astronomiyasi" title="Galaktika astronomiyasi">Galaktika astronomiyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmologiya" title="Kosmologiya">Kosmologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planetologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planetologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Planetologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulduz" title="Yulduz">Yulduzlar astronomiyasi</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yer_haqidagi_fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yer haqidagi fan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yer haqidagi fanlar</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atrof_muhit_muhofazasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atrof muhit muhofazasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Atrof muhit muhofazasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edafologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edafologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Edafologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologiya" title="Ekologiya">Ekologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fazo_fani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fazo fani (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fazo fani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizik_geografiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fizik geografiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fizik geografiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geodeziya" title="Geodeziya">Geodeziya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geofizika" title="Geofizika">Geofizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologiya" title="Geologiya">Geologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomorfologiya" title="Geomorfologiya">Geomorfologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gidrologiya" title="Gidrologiya">Gidrologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyatsiologiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Glyatsiologiya">Glyatsiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqlimshunoslik" title="Iqlimshunoslik">Iqlimshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%CA%BBlshunoslik" title="Koʻlshunoslik">Koʻlshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorologiya" title="Meteorologiya">Meteorologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okeanologiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Okeanologiya">Okeanologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoekologiya" title="Paleoekologiya">Paleoekologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoiqlimshunoslik" title="Paleoiqlimshunoslik">Paleoiqlimshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palinologiya" title="Palinologiya">Palinologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedologiya_(tuproq)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedologiya (tuproq) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Pedologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuproqshunoslik" title="Tuproqshunoslik">Tuproqshunoslik</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hayot_haqida_fan" title="Hayot haqida fan">Hayotiy fanlar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Biologiya</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomiya" title="Anatomiya">Anatomiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiologiya" title="Astrobiologiya">Astrobiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofizika" title="Biofizika">Biofizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogeografiya" title="Biogeografiya">Biogeografiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biokimyo" title="Biokimyo">Biokimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biomuhandislik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biomuhandislik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Biomuhandislik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopsixologiya" title="Biopsixologiya">Biopsixologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotexnologiya" title="Biotexnologiya">Biotexnologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika">Botanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologiya" title="Ekologiya">Ekologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etnobiologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnobiologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Etnobiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etologiya" title="Etologiya">Etologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutsion_biologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutsion biologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Evolutsion biologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiziologiya" title="Fiziologiya">Fiziologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">Genetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontologiya" title="Gerontologiya">Gerontologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immunologiya" title="Immunologiya">Immunologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriobiologiya" title="Kriobiologiya">Kriobiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%CA%BBlshunoslik" title="Koʻlshunoslik">Koʻlshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikrobiologiya" title="Mikrobiologiya">Mikrobiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molekulyar_biologiya" title="Molekulyar biologiya">Molekulyar biologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevrofan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevrofan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Nevrofan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okean_biologiyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okean biologiyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Okean biologiyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontologiya" title="Paleontologiya">Paleontologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parazitologiya" title="Parazitologiya">Parazitologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiobiologiya" title="Radiobiologiya">Radiobiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivojlanish_biologiyasi" title="Rivojlanish biologiyasi">Rivojlanish biologiyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika">Sistematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitologiya" title="Sitologiya">Sitologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotsiobiologiya" title="Sotsiobiologiya">Sotsiobiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabiatni_saqlash_biologiyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabiatni saqlash biologiyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Tabiatni saqlash biologiyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toksikologiya" title="Toksikologiya">Toksikologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuproq_biologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuproq biologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Tuproq biologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoologiya" title="Zoologiya">Zoologiya</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ijtimoiy_fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ijtimoiy fan">Ijtimoiy fanlar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antropologiya" title="Antropologiya">Antropologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arxeologiya" title="Arxeologiya">Arxeologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demografiya" title="Demografiya">Demografiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huquq" title="Huquq">Huquq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqtisodiy_va_ijtimoiy_geografiya" title="Iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy geografiya">Iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy geografiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqtisodiyot" title="Iqtisodiyot">Iqtisodiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiyatshunoslik" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamiyatshunoslik">Jamiyatshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriminologiya" title="Kriminologiya">Kriminologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psixologiya" title="Psixologiya">Psixologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siyosatshunoslik" title="Siyosatshunoslik">Siyosatshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BClim" title="Taʼlim">Taʼlim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilshunoslik" title="Tilshunoslik">Tilshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xalqaro_aloqalar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xalqaro aloqalar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Xalqaro aloqalar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Amaliy_fan" title="Amaliy fan">Amaliy fanlar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Muhandislik" title="Muhandislik">Muhandislik</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agrotexnika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agrotexnika (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Agrotexnika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aviasozlik_va_kosmonavtika_texnikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aviasozlik va kosmonavtika texnikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Aviasozlik va kosmonavtika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotibbiyot_muhandisligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biotibbiyot muhandisligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Biotibbiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasturiy_ta%CA%BCminot_muhandisligi" title="Dasturiy taʼminot muhandisligi">Dasturiy taʼminot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektrotexnika" title="Elektrotexnika">Elektrotexnika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetik_injeneriya" title="Genetik injeneriya">Genetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbiy_muhandislik" title="Harbiy muhandislik">Harbiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informatika" title="Informatika">Informatika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimyoviy_texnologiya" title="Kimyoviy texnologiya">Kimyoviy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompyuter_muhandisligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompyuter muhandisligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kompyuter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashinasozlik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mashinasozlik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Mashinasozlik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operatsion_tadqiqot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operatsion tadqiqot (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Operatsion tadqiqot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qurilish_muhandisligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qurilish muhandisligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Qurulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robototexnika" title="Robototexnika">Robototexnika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanoat_muhandisligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanoat muhandisligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Sanoat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tog%CA%BB-kon_muhandisligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Togʻ-kon muhandisligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Togʻ-kon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadro_muhandisligi" title="Yadro muhandisligi">Yadro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yong%CA%BBin_xavfsizligi_muhandisligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yongʻin xavfsizligi muhandisligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yongʻin xavfsizligi</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibbiy_fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tibbiy fan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Tibbiy fanlar</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biomuhandislik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biomuhandislik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Biomuhandislik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiologiya" title="Epidemiologiya">Epidemiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmatsiya" title="Farmatsiya">Farmatsiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamshiralik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamshiralik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Hamshiralik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ijtimoiy_mehnat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ijtimoiy mehnat (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ijtimoiy mehnat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sog%CA%BBliqni_saqlash" title="Sogʻliqni saqlash">Sogʻliqni saqlash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomatologiya" title="Stomatologiya">Stomatologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibbiyot" title="Tibbiyot">Tibbiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterinariya" title="Veterinariya">Veterinariya</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interdisiplinar_fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interdisiplinar fan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Interdisiplinar fanlar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaliy_fizika" title="Amaliy fizika">Amaliy fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atrof-muhit_ijtimoiy_fani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atrof-muhit ijtimoiy fani (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Atrof-muhit ijtimoiy fani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrof-muhitni_muhofaza_qilish" title="Atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish">Atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bioetika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bioetika (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Bioetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika">Bioinformatika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biostatistika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biostatistika (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Biostatistika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotibbiyot_muhandisligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biotibbiyot muhandisligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Biotibbiyot muhandisligi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologik_tadqiqotlar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekologik tadqiqotlar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ekologik tadqiqotlar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etnik_tadqiqotlar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnik tadqiqotlar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Etnik tadqiqotlar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolyutsion_psixologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolyutsion psixologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Evolyutsion psixologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fan,_texnologiya_va_jamiyat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fan, texnologiya va jamiyat (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fan, texnologiya va jamiyat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fanshunoslik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fanshunoslik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fanshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbiy_fan" title="Harbiy fan">Harbiy fan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmiy_modellash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmiy modellash (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ilmiy modellash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibernetika" title="Kibernetika">Kibernetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kognitivistika" title="Kognitivistika">Kognitivistika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompyuter_lingvistikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompyuter lingvistikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kompyuter lingvistikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutubxonashunoslik" title="Kutubxonashunoslik">Kutubxonashunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madaniyatshunoslik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madaniyatshunoslik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Madaniyatshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematik_fizika" title="Matematik fizika">Matematik fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematik_va_nazariy_biologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematik va nazariy biologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Matematik va nazariy biologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murakkab_tartib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murakkab tartib (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Murakkab tartib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevrofan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevrofan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Nevrofan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neyromuhandislik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neyromuhandislik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Neyromuhandislik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salomatlik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salomatlik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Salomatlik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiotika" title="Semiotika">Semiotika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistemologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Sistemologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotsiobiologiya" title="Sotsiobiologiya">Sotsiobiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistika" title="Statistika">Statistika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%CA%BCiy_aql-idrok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunʼiy aql-idrok (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Sunʼiy aql-idrok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transdisiplinarlik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transdisiplinarlik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Transdisiplinarlik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=To%CA%BBr_fani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toʻr fani (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Toʻr fani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBrmonshunoslik" title="Oʻrmonshunoslik">Oʻrmonshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaharsozlik" title="Shaharsozlik">Shaharsozlik</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;">Fan tarixi va falsafasi</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fan_falsafasi" title="Fan falsafasi">Fan falsafasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fan_tarixi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fan tarixi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fan tarixi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuqarolik_fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuqarolik fan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fuqarolik fan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmiy_metod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmiy metod (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ilmiy metod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmiy_siyosat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmiy siyosat (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ilmiy siyosat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Me%CA%BCyoriy_fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meʼyoriy fan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Meʼyoriy fan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protofan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protofan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Protofan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soxta_fan" title="Soxta fan">Soxta fan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texnofan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Texnofan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Texnofan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fan_tafsiloti" title="Fan tafsiloti">Tafsilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Fan" title="Portal:Fan">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Fan" title="Turkum:Fan">Turkum</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4048093">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-koʻrish"><a href="/wiki/Andoza:Fan" title="Andoza:Fan"><abbr title="Bu andozani koʻrish">k</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-munozara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andoza_munozarasi:Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andoza munozarasi:Fan (sahifa yaratilmagan)"><abbr title="Bu andozani muhokama qilish">m</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-tahrirlash"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Fan" title="Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Fan"><abbr title="Bu andozani tahrirlash">t</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Biologiya</b> (<a href="/wiki/Yunoncha" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunoncha">yunoncha</a> βίος, <i>bios</i>, „hayot“; va λόγος, <i>logos</i>, „fan“ „ta'limot") hayot bilan bogʻliq masalalar tadqiqotidir. U <a href="/wiki/Empiritsizm" class="mw-redirect" title="Empiritsizm">empirik</a> <a href="/wiki/Fan" title="Fan">fanning</a> jonli <a href="/wiki/Organizm" title="Organizm">organizmlarning</a> tuzilishi, funksiyalari, oʻzgarishi, kelib chiqishi, evolyutsiyasi va oʻlishini oʻrganuvchi sohasidir. U turli organizmlarni <a href="/wiki/Taksonomiya" title="Taksonomiya">saralaydi</a>, ularning ishlashini, turlarning paydo boʻlishini, ularning oʻzaro va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atrof-muhit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atrof-muhit (sahifa yaratilmagan)">atrof-muhit</a> bilan munosabatlarini tasvirlaydi. Biologiya <a href="/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika">botanika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoologiya" title="Zoologiya">zoologiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiziologiya" title="Fiziologiya">fiziologiya</a> kabi turli ostsohalarga boʻlinadi. Biologiya tirik tabiat toʻgʻrisidagi bilimlar tizimini birlashtiruvchi fan sifatida namoyon boʻladi. Chunki bu fanda ilgari oʻrganilgan dalillar tarixiylik nuqtai nazaridan maʼlum tizimlarga keltiriladi va ularning yigʻindisi organik olamning asosiy qonuniyatlarini aniqlashga imkon yaratadi.Ana shu qonuniyatlar asosida tabiatdan oqilona foydalanish, uni muhofaza qilish va qayta tiklash ishlari amalga oshiriladi. Hozirgi kunda biologiyaning turli sohalarida quyidagi ilmiy-tadqiqot usullaridan foydalanib kelinmoqda. Bularga kuzatish, taqqoslash, tarixiy va eksperimental usullar kiradi. <b>Kuzatish usuli.</b> Eng dastlabki usullardan biri boʻlib, uning yordanida har qanday biologik hodisani tasvirlash, taʼriflash mumkin. Keyinchalik bu usuldan turlarni aniqlashda ham keng foydalanilgan. Bu sohada K. Linney juda katta muvoffaqiyatlarga erishgan. Bu usul bugungi kunda ham ahamiyatini yoʻqotmagan. </p><p><b>Biologiya</b> (bio… va..logiya)— tirik tabiat haqidagi fanlar majmuasi. biologiya hayotning barcha koʻrinishlari: tirik organizmlar va tabiiy jamoalarning tuzilishi va funksiyasini, tirik mavjudotlarning kelib chiqishi va tarqalishi, ularning bir-biri va yotirik tabiat bilan oʻzaro bogʻlanishini oʻrganadi. biologiyaning asosiy vazifasi tiriklikning namoyon boʻlishi qonuniyatlarini oʻrganish, hayotning mohiyatini ochib berish, tirik organizmlarni sistemaga solishdan iborat. „biologiya“ terminini 1892 yda bir-biridan mustasno tariqasida birinchi boʻlib J. biologiya Lamark va G. R. Treviranus taklif etishgan. Bu termin T. Roze (1797) va K. Burdax (1800) asarlarida ham uchraydi. </p><p>Biologiya fanlari sistemasi. Biologiya bir necha fanlardan tarkib topgan. Tadqiqot obʼyektiga binoan biologiya botanika (oʻsimliklarni oʻrganadigan fan), zoologiya (hayvonlarni oʻrganadigan fan), odam aiatomiyasi va fiziologiyasi (odam organizmining tuzilishi va funksiyasini oʻrganadigan fan), mikrobiologiya (mikroorganizmlarni oʻrganadigan fan) va gidrobiologiya (suvda yashovchi organizmlar haqidagi fan)larga boʻlinadi. Bu fanlar oʻz navbatida birmuncha kichikroq tarmoklarga ajratiladi. Shu bilan birga biologiya fanlarining bir-biri bilan va boshqa fanlar bilan qoʻshilib ketishi tufayli bir qancha kompleks fanlar shakllangan (mas, sitogenetika, sitoembriologiya, ekologik genetika, ekologik fiziologiya). Biologiya fanlarini tadqiqot metodlariga binoan ham alohida fanlarga ajratish mumkin. Maye, organizmlarning tarqalishini biogeografiya, toʻqima va xujayralar tarkibini biokimyo, fizik jarayonlar va metodlarni biofizika oʻrganadi. Oʻz navbatida bu fanlarni ham tekshirish obʼyektlariga binoan alohida fanlarga ajratish mumkin (mas, oʻsimliklar biokimyosi, hayvonlar biokimyosi). Biokimyoviy va biofizik metodlar koʻpincha oʻzaro qoʻshilib yoki boshqa fanlar bilan birgalikda yangi fanlarni hosil qiladi (mas, radiatsiyey biokimyo, radiobiologiya). Biologik tadqiqotlardan oliigan natijalarni taxlil qilish va umumlashtirishda biometriya, yaʼni biologik matematika katta ahamiyatga ega. Tirik organizmlar tuzilishini oʻrganish darajasiga binoan ham bir qancha fanlar shakllangan (mas, molekulyar biologiya, gistologiya, anatomiya, ekologiya va boshqalar). Biologiyaning bevosita amaliyot bilan bogʻlangan masalalarini parazitologiya, gelmintologiya, immunologiya, bionika, kosmik biologiya kabi fanlar oʻrganadi. Insonni biologik evolyutsiya mahsuli va obʼyekta yeyfatida antropologiya, ijtimoiy hayot mahsuli yeyfatida sotsial biologiya oʻrganadi. </p><p>Rivojlanish tarixi. Hayvonlar va oʻsimliklar odamlar uchun oziq-ovqat manbai boʻlgani nazarda tutiladigan boʻlsa, biologiya tarixi odam gʻorda hayot kechira boshlagan davrdan, hatto undan ham oldinroq boshlangan deyish mumkin. Ibtidoiy odamlar boshlana topgan gʻorlarga chizilgan hayvonlarning rasmlari va ov manzarasi ularni hayvonlar tuzilishidan xabardor ekanligini koʻrsatadi. Xuddi shunday rasmlar Surxondaryo viloyatidagi Koʻhitang togʻining Zirovutsoy darasi gʻorlaridan topilgan. Hozirgi zamon biologiya fanining rivojlanishi Oʻrta dengiz boʻyida yashovchi xalqlar (Qad. Misr, Yunoniston) sivilizatsiyasi bilan bogʻliq. Yunon va Rim naturfilosoflari birinchi boʻlib hayotning mohiyati va kelib chiqishini materialistik nuqtai nazardan tushuntirib berishga harakat qilishgan. Xususan Demokrit atrof muhitdagi narsa va hodisalar doimiy boʻlmasdan oʻzgarib turishi toʻgʻrisidagi materialistik gʻoyani ilgari surgan. Arastu birinchi boʻlib hayvonlarni sistemaga solib oʻrganishni taklif etgan. Galen xayvonlar (maymun va choʻchqa)ning ichki tuzilishi asosida odamning ichki tuzilishini, qon tomirlari va nervlar funksiyasini tasvirlab bergan birinchi fiziologeksperimentator hisoblanadi (oʻsha davrda odam jasadini yorib tekshirish taqiqlangan edi). </p><p>Oʻrta asrlarda Gʻarbiy Yevropa mamlakatlarida fanlar taraqqiyoti deyarli toʻxtab qolgan bir davrda Oʻrta Osiyo xududidagi davlatlarda tabiiy fanlar jadal surʼatlar bilan rivojlana boshladi. Bu davr fanlari tarixida Muhammad Xorazmiy, Abu Nasr Forobiy, Abu Ali ibn Sino va Abu Rayhon Beruniy kabi allomalar alohida oʻrin tutadi. Beruniy tabiat 5 element: boʻshliq, havo, olov, suv va tuprokdan yaratilgan deb eʼtirof etadi. U oʻzining „Hindiston“ asarida tabiatni daraxtdagi eng bakuvvat va sogʻlom novdalarining oʻsishiga imkon beradigan bogʻbonga oʻxshatadi. Bu bilan u tirik organizmlar oʻrtasida yashash uchun kurash borishi va tabiiy tanlanish sodir boʻlishini bashorat qiladi. Ibn Sit oʻz asarlarida oʻsimlik va hayvonlar hamda boshqa tabiiy jismlar, hodisalar va ularning sabablari toʻgʻrisida yozib qoldirgan. </p><p>Uygʻonish davridagi geografik kashfiyotlar, oʻsimlik va hayvonot dunyosiga qiziqishning kuchayishi bir qancha mamlakatlarda botanika va hayvonot bogʻlarining tashkil etilishiga olib keladi. Bu davrda hayvonlar va oʻsimliklar toʻgʻrisida koʻplab asarlar paydo boʻladi. Ana shu davrda italiyalik botanik A. Chezalpino guli, urugʻi va mevasining tuzilishiga binoan oʻsimliklarni tasnif qilishga urinib koʻrdi, uning asarlarida metamorfoz, tartib va tur toʻgʻrisidagi ayrim tushunchalar ilk bor uchraydi. 16—17-asrlardahayvonlar toʻgʻrisida bir qancha ensiklopedik asarlar paydo boʻladi. Shveysariyalik olim K. Gesnerning 5 jildli „Hayvonlar tarixi“, italiyalik U. Aldrovandining 13 jildli monografiyasi, fransuz naturalisti G. Rondele va italyan Ch. Salvianining dengiz orti mamlakatlari hayvonlari toʻgʻrisidagi asarlari shular jumlasidandir. Bu davrda anatomiya sohasida ayniqsa katta kashfiyotlar qilindi. Ingliz olimi U. Garvey (1578—1657) oʻzining qon aylanish sistemasi toʻgʻrisidagi taʼlimotini yaratadi. Italiyalik olim F. Redining tajribalari tufayli (1667) hayotning oʻz-oʻzidan paydo boʻlishi toʻgʻrisidagi taʼlimotga katta zarba berilgan boʻlsada, uning batamom barham topishiga olib kelmadi. Koʻpchilik olimlar tuxum hujayraga ega boʻlmagan tuban organizmlar oʻz-oʻzidan paydo boʻlishi mumkin degan fikrga ega edi. 16-asrda mikroskopning kashf etilishi biologiyaning rivojlanishi uchun katta ahamiyatga ega boʻldi. Angliyalik R. Guk tomonidan hujayraning kashf etilishi (1665), gollandiyalik A. Levenguk tomonidan bir hujayralilar va spermatozoidlar (1673), ingliz T. Millington (1676) va nemis R.Kamerarmus (1694) tomonidan oʻsimliklarda jinsiy tafovutlarning, italyan Malpigi (1675—79) va ingliz N. Gryu (1671—82) tomonidan oʻsimlik toʻqimalari, shuningdek baliklar tuxum hujayrasi (N. Steno, 1667) va kapillyar qon tomirlarining kashf etilishi mikroskop ixtiro qilinishi bilan bogʻliq. Bu kashfiyotlar embriologiyada ovistlar va animalistlar deb ataluvchi ikki oqimning paydo boʻlishiga olib keldi. Ulardan birinchilari—organizm mitti murtak holida tuxum hujayra ichida, ikkinchilari—urugʻ hujayra ichida boʻladi, keyingi oʻzgarishlar faqat miqdor oʻzgarishlardan iborat, degan xato fiqolarni ilgari surdi (qarang Preformizm). 17-asr oxiri va 18-asr boshlarida oʻsimlik va hayvonlarning sunʼiy sistemasini yaratish borasida bir qancha urinishlar boʻldi. Ingliz olimi J. Rey 18 mingdan koʻproq oʻsimliklarni tavsiflab, oʻsimliklarni 19 sinfga, fransuz J. Turnefor ularni 22 sinfga boʻladi. Rey tur tushunchasini anikdab berdi va umurtqasizlar tasnifini ishlab chiqdi. Hayvonlar va oʻsimliklarning mukammal sunʼiy sistemasini shved tabiatshunosi K. Linney oʻzining „Tabiat sistemasi“ (1735) asarida taklif qildi. Linney oʻz sistemasida odamni sut emizuvchilar sinfiga va maymunlar bilan birga primatlar turkumiga kiritgan boʻlsada, turlarning oʻzgarmasligi, dunyoni ilohiy kuch tomonidan yaratilganligi toʻgʻrisidagi metafizik gʻoyani yoklab chiqdi. Linneyning binar nomenklaturasi (turni urugʻ va tur nomlari orqali atalishi) oʻsimliklar va hayvonlar sistematikasida ayniqsa juda katta ahamiyatga ega boʻldi. Lekin Linneyning sunʼiy sistemasi koʻpchilik tabiatshunos olimlarni qoniqtirmasdi. Shu sababdan bir qancha olimlar tabiiy sistemani tuzishga urinib koʻrishdi. Botanika sohasida bunday sistemani ilk bor fransiyalik botanik A. L. Jyusye 1789-yilda ishlab chikdi. Hayvonlar va oʻsimliklarni sistemaga solish gʻoyasi hamma olimlarga ham bir xilda maʼqul boʻlmadi. Fransiyalik tabiatshunos J. Byuffon tabiatdagi har qanday sistema, shu jumladan Linney sistemasiga ham qatʼiy qarshi chiqadi. J. Byuffon „Tabiiyot tarixi“ (1749—88) asarida hayvonlar tuzilishidagi umumiylikni koʻrsatadi, yaqin formalar oʻrtasidagi oʻxshashlikni ularning oʻzaro qarindoshligi bilan tushuntirishga harakat qiladi. Nemis vrachi va kimyogari G. Shtal kishi faoliyati uning ruhi tomonidan boshqarib borilishini taʼkidlaydi va buning dal ili sifatida fiziologik reaksiyalarning asabiyruhiy taʼsirlar bilan bogliqligini koʻrsatib oʻtadi. Uning „hayot tonusi“ toʻgʻrisidagi fikri nemis fiziologi A. Gallerning taʼsirlanish toʻgʻrisidagi gʻoyasida (1753) oʻz ifodasini topadi. U va chex anatomi va fiziologi Y. Proxoska miya ishtirokisiz taʼsirotni qabul qiluvchi hamda organlarni harakatlantiruvchi nerv kuchi borligini koʻrsatib berdi. Italiyalik olimlar L. Galvani va A. Volta hayvonlar organizmidagi elektrni aniqlaydi, bu hodisa elektrofiziologiya fanining paydo boʻlishi va rivojlanishiga olib keldi. Ingliz olimi J. Pristli oʻsimliklarni hayvonlar nafas olishi uchun zarur boʻlgan kislorod ishlab chiqarishini koʻrsatib beradi. Fransuz olimlari A. Lavuazye, P. Laplas va A. Segen hayvonlarning nafas olishi va oksidlanish reaksiyalarida kislorodning ahamiyatini koʻrsatib berdi. Organik dunyoning tarixiy taraqqiyoti toʻgʻrisidagi gʻoyalar 18-asrning ikkinchi yarmidan boshlab shakllana boshladi. Nemis olimi G. V. Leybnits tirik mavjudotlarning gradatsiyasi tamoyillarini eʼlon qiladi va oʻsimliklar bilan hayvonlar oʻrtasida oraliq formalar mavjud degan fikrni oʻrtaga tashlaydi. Minerallardan boshlab odamgacha boʻlgan „tiriklik pogʻonasi“ (gradatsiya) tamoyili, shveysar naturalisti Sh. Bonne (1745—64) fikricha, hayot tuzilishi va rivojlanishining uzluksizligini koʻrsatadi. J. Byuffon Yer tarixi toʻgʻrisidagi oʻz gipotezasini ishlab chikdi. Uning fikricha, Yer tarixi 80—90 ming yildan iborat boʻlib, 7 davrga boʻlinadi, faqat eng soʻnggi davrda oʻsimliklar, hayvonlar va odam paydo boʻlgan. Fransuz olimi J. Biologiya Lamark „Zoologiya falsafasi“ (1809) asarida „tiriklik pogʻonasi“ni evolyutsiya nuqtai nazaridan tushuntirib beradi. Tirik organizmlarning tubandan kjsak formalargacha takomillashib borishi uning fikricha organizm uchun xos boʻlgan ichki progressga intilish (gradatsiya tamoyillari) tufayli sodir boʻlgan. Lamark evolyutsiyani toʻgʻri tushuntirgan boʻlsada, uning asosiy sabablarini ochib berolmadi. Fransuz olimi J. Kyuvye tirik organizmlarning tarixiy almashinishi va bir qancha turlarning qirilib ketishini tushuntirish uchun oʻzining katastrofalar goyasini ilgari suradi. Fransuz olimi E.J. SentIler hayvonlar tuzilishidagi umumiylikni tushuntirishga urinib, tuzilishdagi oʻxshashlik ularning kelib chiqishidagi oʻxshashlikni aks ettirishini taʼkidlaydi. T. Shvann tomonidan asoslab berilgan hujayra nazariyasi (1839) organik dunyoning birligini tushunib olishda hamda sitologik va gistologik tekshirishlarning rivojlanishida katta ahamiyatga ega boʻldi. 19-asrning oʻrtalarida oʻsimliklarning oziqlanish xususiyati va uning hayvonlarnikidan farq qilishi hamda tabiatda moddalar aylanishi prinsiplari kashf etiladi (Yu. Libix, J. biologiya Bussengo). Hayvonlar fiziologiyasi sohasida E. DyubuaReymonning ishlari tufayli elektrofiziologiyaga asos solinishi, K. Berner tomonidan organlarning ovqat hazm qilishdagi ahamiyati tushuntirib berilishi (1845,1847); G. Gelmgols va K. Lyudvig tomonidan nervmuskul sistemasi va sezgi organlarini oʻrganish metodlari ishlab chiqilishi; I. M. Sechenovning oliy nerv faoliyatini materialistik nuqtai nazardan talqin qilishi („Bosh miya reflekslari“, 1863) katta ahamiyatga ega boʻldi. L. Paster olib borgan tadqiqotlar tufayli hozirgi organizmlarning oʻz-oʻzidan paydo boʻlishi toʻgʻrisidagi taʼlimotga uzilkesil zarba berildi (1860—64). S. N. Vinogradskiy xemosintez yoʻli bilan anorganik moddalardan organik moddalarni sintezlovchi xemosintez bakteriyalarini (1887— 91), D. I. Ivanovskiy viruslarni (1892) kashf etdi. </p><p>19-asrda Ch. Darvin tomonidan evolyutsiya nazariyasining ishlab chiqilishi biologiyaning rivojlanishi tarixida ayniqsa katta ahamiyatga ega. Uning „Turlarning paydo boʻlishi…“ (1859) asarida evolyutsiyaning asosiy mexanizmi—tabiiy tanlanish ochib beriladi. Biologiyada Darvin gʻoyalarining gʻalabasi bilan evolyutsion solishtirma anatomiya (K. Gegenbaur), evolyutsion embriologiya (A. O. Kovalevskiy, I. I. Mechnikov), evolyutsion paleontologiya (V. O. Kovalevskiy) kabi yangi yoʻnalishlarga asos solindi. Hujayraning boʻlinishi (E. Strasburger, 1875; V. Flemming, 1882 va boshqalar), jinsiy hujayralarning yetilishi, uruglanishi (O. Gertvig, 1875; G. Fol 1877; E. van Beneden, 1884; T. Boveri, 1887, 1888) hamda u bilan boglik boʻlgan mitoz va meyozda xromosomalarning taqsimlanishini oʻrganish sohasida erishilgan muvaffaqiyatlar jinsiy hujayralar yadrosida irsiy axborotning saqlanishi toʻgʻrisida koʻplab gʻoyalarning paydo bulishiga olib keldi. Ana shu davrda (1865) G. Mendel tomonidan irsiylanish qonuniyatlari ochilishi bilan genetika faniga asos solindi. </p><p>20-asr yangi biologiya fanlarining rivojlanishi, biologiyada klassik tadqiqotlar miqyosining yanada kengayishi bilan ajralib turadi. Shu asrda genetika, sitologiya, fiziologiya, biokimyo, rivojlanish biologiyasi, evolyutsion taʼlimot, ekologiya, biosfera haqida taʼlimot, shuningdek mikrobiologiya, virusologiya, gelmintologiya, parazitologiya va biologiyaning boshqa koʻp tarmoqlari jadal surʼatlar bilan rivojlandi. Mendel ochgan qonunlar asosida mutatsiya va irsiyatning xromosoma nazariyalari ishlab chiqildi (T. Boveri, 190207; U. Setton, 1902). Xromosoma nazariyasini T. Morgan va shogirdlari V. Iogansenning sof liniya toʻgʻrisidagi taʼlimotiga (1903) asoslanib gen, genotip, fenotip tushunchalarini ishlab chiqishdi. 20-asrning oʻrtalarigacha genlarning kimyoviy tabiati irsiy molekulalar shaklida ekanligi nazariy jihatdan talqin qilinib kelindi (N. K. Kolsov, 1927). Mikroorganizmlardagi transduksiya va transformatsiya hodisalarini oʻrganish asosida DNK molekulasi genetik informatsiyani tashuvchi ekanligi aniklandi (AQSH, O. Eyveri, 1944). DNK qush spirali tuzilishining oʻrganilishi (J. Uotson, F. Krik, 1953) genetik kodning kashf etilishiga olib keldi. Bu kashfiyotlar molekulyar genetikaga asos soddi. Oqsillarning aminokislotalardan iborat tarkibi oʻrganilganligi, ayrim oqsillar (insulin)ning sintez qilinishi, viruslar va faglarning nukleoproteidlardan tuzilganligining koʻrsatib berilishi 20-asr oʻrtalarida qilingan eng muhim kashfiyotlardandir. Elektron mikroskopning kashf etilishi oddiy mikroskopda koʻrinmaydigan strukturalarni koʻrishga, hujayraning eng nozik tuzilishini tekshirishga, bakteriyalar va viruslarning tuzilishini batafsil oʻrganishga imkon berdi. Nishonli atomlar usuli organizmda sodir boʻladigan jarayonlarni oʻrganish uchun yoʻl ochdi. Gistologik kimyo differensial sentrifugalash, rentgenostruktura analizi usullari tirik organizmlar kimyoviy tarkibi, hujayra organoidlari va qismlarini mukammal tekshirish usullarini koʻrsatib berdi. Ana shu kashfiyotlar tufayli 20-asrning 2-yarmida biologiyaning eng yosh sohasi—molekulyar biologiya dunyoga keldi va tez surʼatlar bilan rivojlana boshladi. Molekulyar biologiya sohasidagi tadqiqotlar biologiya fanining barcha sohalarida yangi gʻoyalar paydo boʻlishiga olib keldi; hujayraning tuzilishi va funksiyasi haqidagi tushunchalarni tubdan oʻzgartirib yubordi. 20-asrda hayvonlar fiziologiyasi sohasida ham katta yutuqlarga erishildi. Rus olimi I. M. Sechenov (1829—1905) nerv sistemasini oʻrganib, bosh miya reflekslari toʻgʻrisidagi taʼlimotga asos soldi. I. P. Yaavlovshartli va shartsiz reflekslar, qon aylanish va ovqat hazm qilishning nerv regulyatsiyasi sohasida bir qancha yirik kashfiyotlar qildi. Uning shartli reflekslar va oliy nerv faoliyati toʻgʻrisidagi taʼlimoti Nobel mukofotiga sazovor boʻldi. Bu davrda neyrofiziologiya ham tez surʼatlar bilan rivojlana boshlaydi. Oʻsimliklar fiziologiyasida fotosintez jarayonlari, avvalo xlorofillni oʻrganishda ancha katta yutuqqa erishildi, xlorofill sintez qilindi, oʻsimliklarni oʻstiradigan baʼzi gormonlar (auksinlar, gibberellinlar) ajratib olindi va sunʼiy sintez qilindi. Evolyutsion nazariya sohasida ham muhim kashfiyotlar qilindi, xususan 20—30- yillarda madaniy oʻsimliklarning kelib chiqish markazlari aniklandi; mutatsion oʻzgaruvchanlik, individlar sonining oʻzgarib turishi va izolyatsiyani tanlanishning muayyan yoʻnalishda taʼsir etishidagi oʻrni ochib beriddi (N.I. Vavilov, S. S. Chetverikov, biologiya S. Xoldeyn, R. Fisher, S. Rayt, J. Haqsli, F. T. Dobrjanskiy, E. Mayr va boshqalar). Bu esa darvinizmning yanada rivojlanishiga, evolyutsiya omillari mikroevolyutsiya va makroevolyutsiya toʻgʻrisidagi taʼlimotlarni oʻzida jo qilgan sintetik evolyutsion taʼlimotni ishlab chiqishga imkon berdi (I. I. Shmalgauzen va boshqalar). V. I. Vernadskiyning biogeokimyo va biosfera, A. Tenslining ekosistemalar (1935) toʻgʻrisidagi taʼlimotlari biologiyaning katta yutuklaridan boʻlib, inson bilan tabiat oʻrtasidagi munosabatlarni ishlab chiqishda muhim ahamiyatga ega. V. Shelferd (1912, 1939), Ch. Elton (1934) va boshqalarning ishlari tufayli ekologiyaning nazariy asoslari ishlab chiqildi. 20-asr oʻrtalaridan boshlab ekologiya erishgan yutuqlar va tabiatni muhofaza qilish muammolari deyarli barcha biologiya fanlarini ekologiyalashtirishga olib keldi. Molekulyar biologiya sohasidagi ishlar (genetik kodning ochilishi, sunʼiy genning sintezlanishi) gen injeneriyasi va biotexnologiya kabi amaliy fanlarning rivojlanishi uchun nazariy asos boʻldi. Keyingi yillarda ayniqsa populyatsion biologiya tez surʼatlar bilan rivojlanmoqda. Bu sohadagi tadqiqotlar son jihatdan tobora oʻsib borayotgan aholining oziq-ovqat mahsulotlariga boʻlgan ehtiyojini toʻlaroq qondirish, qirilib ketayotgan turlarni muhofaza qilish va tirik organizmlarning biologik xilmaxilligini saqlab qolish kabi muammolarni muvaffaqiyatli yechishga imkon beradi. </p><p>Oʻzbekistonda 20-asrning 1-yarmida olib borilgan ilmiy tadqiqot ishlari asosan oʻsimlik va hayvonot dunyosi resurslarini oʻrganish va ulardan samarali foydalanish hamda atrof muhitni muhofaza qilish bilan bogʻliq. Botanika sohasida yaylovlarning fitomeliorativ holatini yaxshilash, texnika ekinlari va suv oʻtlarini oʻstirish usullari ishlab chiqildi; oʻsimliklarning geoekologik tasnifi, iyerarxik sxemasi taklif etildi; oʻsimliklarning ekstremal sharoitga moslanish xususiyatlari ochib Ye^rildi (qarang 3. Zokirov, J. K. Saidov, P. A. Baranov, V. A. Burigin, A. M. Muzaffarov, P. K Zokirovva biologiya); gʻoʻzaning ekologik, anatomomorfologik va genetik xususiyatlarini oʻrganish sohasida bir qancha ishlar amalga oshirildi (S. X. Yoʻldoshev, A. I. Imomaliyev, S. S Sodiqov va boshqalar). Mikrobiologik yoʻl bilan oqova suvlarni tozalash, maʼdanlarni ajratib olish, qishloq xoʻjaligi chiqindilaridan yemxashak tayyorlash, fiziologik faol moddalarni ajratib olish, oʻsimliklarning vilt va virus kasalliklariga qarshi kurash asoslari yaratildi (M. I. Mavloniy, A. F. Xolmurodov, S. A. Asqarova va boshqalar). Ekologikfaunistik ishlar teriologiya, ornitologiya, gerpetologiya, gidrobiologiya, entomologiya, parazitologiya va zoologiyaning boshqa sohalarida keng miqyosda amalga oshirildi (T. 3. Zohidov, D. N. Kashkarov, A. M. Muhammadiyev, S. N. Alimuhamedov, V. V. Yaxontov, R. O. Olimjonov, A. T. Toʻlaganov, M. A. Sultonov, J. A. Azimov va boshqalar). 20-asrning ikkinchi yarmida ayniqsa soʻnggi yillarda biologiyaning biokimyo, genetika, molekulyar biologiya, biotexnologiya, biofizika va ekologiya sohalarida bir qancha muhim ishlar amalga oshirildi. Tireoid gormonlarning taʼsiri mexanizmi aniklandi (Yo. X. Toʻraqulov, T. S. Soatov). Biologik membranalarning tuzilishi, hayvonlar toksikologiyasi va biokimyosi, ionlantiruvchi nurlar, defoliantlarning taʼsir mexanizmi va ionlarni membrana orqali transporta muammolarini yechishda ham bir kator muvaffaqiyatlar qoʻlga kiritiddi (A. P. Ibragimov, J. H. Hamidov, A. Q. Qosimov). Gʻoʻzada genetik belgilarning irsiylanish mexanizmi ishlab chiqildi (J. A. Musayev, O. J. Jalilov, A. A. Abdullayev, N. N. Nazirov, A. A. Abdukarimov). Gen va hujayra injeneriyasining rivojlanishi insulin, interferon va oʻstiruvchi gormonlarni olish imkonini berdi (biologiya O. Toshmuhamedov, A. A. Abdukarimov, M. M. Rahimov, A. I. Gagelgans va boshqalar). biologiyaga oid tadqiqotlar Oʻzbekiston Fanlar akademiyasining Botanika, Zoologiya, Mikrobiologiya, Genetika, Fiziologiya va biofizika, Biokimyo institutlarida, shuningdek oliy oʻquv yurtlarida olib borilmoqda. </p><p>Biologiyaning zamonaviy muammolari. Biologiyaning tabiiy fanlar va kishilik jamiyatining rivojlanishiga revolyutsion taʼsir koʻrsatadigan muammolari molekulyar biologiya, genetika fanlari muskullar, nerv sistemasi va sezgi organlari fiziologiyasi va biokimyosi (tafakkur, qoʻzgʻalish, tormozlanish va boshqalar), fotova xemosintez, tabiiy sistemalar energetikasi va mahsuldorligi bilan bogʻliq. Molekulyar biologiya sohasi hujayra ichida boradigan fizikkimyoviy jarayonlar va tirik sistemalar nisbiy turgʻunligining boshqarilishi, ayniqsa genlarning ishga tushirilishi mexanizmini oʻrganish ham biologiyaning markaziy muammolaridan biri hisoblanadi. Organizmni individual rivojlanishi davomida hujayralarning ixtisoslashib borishi va toʻqimalarning hosil boʻlishi, Yerda hayot paydo boʻlishining dastlabki davrlarida tirik organizmlarga xos murakkab polimerlarning tabiiy sintezlanishi va ulardan oʻz-oʻzini yarata oladigan tirik sistemalar paydo boʻlishini oʻrganish ham muhim masalalardan hisoblanadi. Yer yuzida aholi sonining tez surʼatlar bilan oʻsib borishi biologiya oldiga biosferaning mahsuldorligini oshirish, yashash muhitini ifloslanishdan saqlash, oʻsimlik va hayvonlarni muhofaza qilish va ratsional foydalanishdan iborat juda koʻp muammolarni qoʻyadi. Biosfera va ekologik sistemalarni qayta qurish va ulardan foydalanish ishlari oʻsimlik, hayvonlar va mikroorganizmlarni Yerning hamma qismida inventarizatsiya qilishni nazarda tutadi. Biologiya sohasidagi ilmiy tadqiqot ishlari Xalqaro biologik dastur yordamida koordinatsiya qilib boriladi. </p><p>Bekjon Toshmuhamedov, Ochil Mavlonov.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Taqqoslash usuli</b> yordamida bir xil predmet yoki hodisalarni boshqa predmet yoki hodisalar bilan oʻxshashligi va farqini aniqlash yoʻli orqali ularning mohiyatini ochishga asoslangan Bunda turli hodisalar uchun umumiy hisoblangan qonuniyatlarni ochishga imkon yaratiladi. <b>Tarixiy usul</b>ni biologiyada qoʻllanishi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch.Darvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ch.Darvin (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ch.Darvinning</a> nomi bilan bogʻliq, bu usul biologiyada chuqur sifatiy oʻzgarishlarni vujudga kelishiga sabab boʻladi. Hozirgi kunda bu usul yordamida hozirgi zamon olamini va uning oʻtmishini koʻrsatuvchi maʼlumotlar asosida tirik tabiatni rivojlanish jarayonlarini aniqlash mumkin. <b>Eksperimental yoki tajriba usuli</b> biologiyada Oʻrta asrlarda qoʻllangan boʻlsa, haqiqiy ravnaqi fizika va kimyo fanlarining usullarini qoʻllash tufayli 19-20 asrlardan keng qoʻllanila boshlandi. Bu usullar biologiyaning tegishli sohalaraida foydalanilib kelinmoqda va ular bir-birini toʻldiradi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologiya&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: " class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologiya&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: "><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Guriezo_Adino_vaca_toro_terneras.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hayvonot dunyosi"><img alt="Hayvonot dunyosi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Guriezo_Adino_vaca_toro_terneras.jpg/120px-Guriezo_Adino_vaca_toro_terneras.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Guriezo_Adino_vaca_toro_terneras.jpg/180px-Guriezo_Adino_vaca_toro_terneras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Guriezo_Adino_vaca_toro_terneras.jpg/240px-Guriezo_Adino_vaca_toro_terneras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2720" data-file-height="1550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hayvonot dunyosi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Zbo%C5%BCe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Planta - Triticum"><img alt="Planta - Triticum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Zbo%C5%BCe.jpg/80px-Zbo%C5%BCe.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Zbo%C5%BCe.jpg/120px-Zbo%C5%BCe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Zbo%C5%BCe.jpg/160px-Zbo%C5%BCe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2857" data-file-height="4286" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Planta - Triticum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Morchella_esculenta_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fungi - Morchella esculenta"><img alt="Fungi - Morchella esculenta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Morchella_esculenta_08.jpg/90px-Morchella_esculenta_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Morchella_esculenta_08.jpg/135px-Morchella_esculenta_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Morchella_esculenta_08.jpg/180px-Morchella_esculenta_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fungi - Morchella esculenta</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Fucus_serratus2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stramenopila/Chromista - Fucus serratus"><img alt="Stramenopila/Chromista - Fucus serratus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Fucus_serratus2.jpg/120px-Fucus_serratus2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Fucus_serratus2.jpg/180px-Fucus_serratus2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Fucus_serratus2.jpg/240px-Fucus_serratus2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stramenopila/Chromista - Fucus serratus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Gemmatimonas_aurantiaca.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bacteria - Gemmatimonas aurantiaca (- = 1 Micrometer)"><img alt="Bacteria - Gemmatimonas aurantiaca (- = 1 Micrometer)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gemmatimonas_aurantiaca.jpg/120px-Gemmatimonas_aurantiaca.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gemmatimonas_aurantiaca.jpg/180px-Gemmatimonas_aurantiaca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gemmatimonas_aurantiaca.jpg/240px-Gemmatimonas_aurantiaca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="909" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bacteria - Gemmatimonas aurantiaca (- = 1 Micrometer)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Halobacteria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Archaea - Halobacteria"><img alt="Archaea - Halobacteria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Halobacteria.jpg/120px-Halobacteria.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Halobacteria.jpg/180px-Halobacteria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Halobacteria.jpg/240px-Halobacteria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="251" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Archaea - Halobacteria</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Gamma_phage.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Virus - Gamma phage"><img alt="Virus - Gamma phage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gamma_phage.png/88px-Gamma_phage.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gamma_phage.png/132px-Gamma_phage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gamma_phage.png/175px-Gamma_phage.png 2x" data-file-width="1290" data-file-height="1763" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Virus - Gamma phage</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologiya&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologiya&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzME" class="mw-redirect" title="OʻzME">OʻzME</a>. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3736688">.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style></p><table class="plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system" role="presentation" style="border: 1px dashed #f4c430; width: 65%; margin: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/40px-Enciklopedia_stub.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/60px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/80px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="538" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="font-style: italic;">Ushbu maqolada <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi" title="Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi">Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi</a> (2000-2005) maʼlumotlaridan foydalanilgan.</td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><div style="clear: both; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 1px; background: #f7f8ff; border:1px solid #8888aa;" class="NavFrame"> <div style="background: #ccccff" class="NavHead"><b><a href="/wiki/Tabiiy_fanlar" title="Tabiiy fanlar">Tabiiy fanlar</a></b> </div> <div class="NavContent" align="center"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya">Astronomiya</a> | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Biologiya</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kimyo" title="Kimyo">Kimyo</a> | <a href="/wiki/Geografiya" title="Geografiya">Geografiya</a> | <a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">Fizika</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" align="center" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Science-template.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fanlar"><img alt="Fanlar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Science-template.svg/30px-Science-template.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Science-template.svg/45px-Science-template.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Science-template.svg/60px-Science-template.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td><center><i>Fanlar haqidagi ushbu maqola <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Chala_maqolalar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikipediya:Chala maqolalar">chaladir</a>. Siz uni <a class="external text" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologiya&action=edit">boyitib,</a> <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya" title="Vikipediya">Vikipediyaga</a> yordam berishingiz mumkin.</i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048093"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;"><ul><li class="nv-koʻrish"><a href="/wiki/Andoza:Fanlar-stub" title="Andoza:Fanlar-stub"><abbr title="Bu andozani koʻrish">k</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-munozara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andoza_munozarasi:Fanlar-stub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andoza munozarasi:Fanlar-stub (sahifa yaratilmagan)"><abbr title="Bu andozani muhokama qilish">m</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-tahrirlash"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Fanlar-stub" title="Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Fanlar-stub"><abbr title="Bu andozani tahrirlash">t</abbr></a></li></ul></div></center></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""><pre>"<a dir="ltr" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologiya&oldid=5304549">https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologiya&oldid=5304549</a>" dan olindi </pre></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:Categories" title="Maxsus:Categories">Turkum</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Tabiiy_fanlar" title="Turkum:Tabiiy fanlar">Tabiiy fanlar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Biologiya" title="Turkum:Biologiya">Biologiya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Fanlar_haqidagi_chala_maqolalar" title="Turkum:Fanlar haqidagi chala maqolalar">Fanlar haqidagi chala 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