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id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有40種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laaste_universele_gemeenskaplike_voorouer" title="Laaste universele gemeenskaplike voorouer – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Laaste universele gemeenskaplike voorouer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="سلف شامل أخير – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلف شامل أخير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Последен универсален общ предшественик – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Последен универсален общ предшественик" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Altim_avantpassat_com%C3%BA_universal" title="Últim avantpassat comú universal – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Últim avantpassat comú universal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posledn%C3%AD_univerz%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_spole%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_p%C5%99edek" title="Poslední univerzální společný předek – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Poslední univerzální společný předek" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85%D0%BB%C4%95_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%C4%95%D0%BB" title="Юлашки универсаллă пĕрлĕхлĕ несĕл – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Юлашки универсаллă пĕрлĕхлĕ несĕл" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidste_f%C3%A6lles_forfader" title="Sidste fælles forfader – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sidste fælles forfader" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urvorfahr" title="Urvorfahr – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Urvorfahr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_universal_common_ancestor" title="Last universal common ancestor – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Last universal common ancestor" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Altimo_antepasado_com%C3%BAn_universal" title="Último antepasado común universal – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Último antepasado común universal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viimane_%C3%BChine_eellane" title="Viimane ühine eellane – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Viimane ühine eellane" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azken_arbaso_komun_unibertsala" title="Azken arbaso komun unibertsala – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azken arbaso komun unibertsala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="آخرین نیای مشترک جهانی – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آخرین نیای مشترک جهانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viimeinen_universaali_esivanhempi" title="Viimeinen universaali esivanhempi – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viimeinen universaali esivanhempi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dernier_anc%C3%AAtre_commun_universel" title="Dernier ancêtre commun universel – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dernier ancêtre commun universel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Altimo_antepasado_com%C3%BAn_universal" title="Último antepasado común universal – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Último antepasado común universal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9C" title="האב הקדמון הכולל – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האב הקדמון הכולל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D5%A8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80_%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Վերջին ունիվերսալ ընդհանուր նախնի – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վերջին ունիվերսալ ընդհանուր նախնի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leluhur_bersama_terakhir_universal" title="Leluhur bersama terakhir universal – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Leluhur bersama terakhir universal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AD%C3%B0asti_sameiginlegi_forfa%C3%B0ir_allra_n%C3%BAlifandi_l%C3%ADfvera" title="Síðasti sameiginlegi forfaðir allra núlifandi lífvera – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Síðasti sameiginlegi forfaðir allra núlifandi lífvera" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimo_antenato_comune_universale" title="Ultimo antenato comune universale – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ultimo antenato comune universale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="უკანასკნელი უნივერსალური საერთო წინაპარი – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უკანასკნელი უნივერსალური საერთო წინაპარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%E1%BA%93a%E1%B9%9B_ame%C9%A3rad_aneggar" title="Aẓaṛ ameɣrad aneggar – 卡比爾文" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aẓaṛ ameɣrad aneggar" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡比爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%93%A0_%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B3%B5%ED%86%B5_%EC%A1%B0%EC%83%81" title="모든 생물의 공통 조상 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모든 생물의 공통 조상" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimus_antecessor_universalis" title="Ultimus antecessor universalis – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ultimus antecessor universalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB" title="ജീവന്റെ അവസാന പൊതു പൂർവ്വികൻ – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജീവന്റെ അവസാന പൊതു പൂർവ്വികൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leluhur_universal_terakhir" title="Leluhur universal terakhir – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Leluhur universal terakhir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/LUCA_(evolutie)" title="LUCA (evolutie) – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="LUCA (evolutie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostatni_uniwersalny_wsp%C3%B3lny_przodek" title="Ostatni uniwersalny wspólny przodek – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ostatni uniwersalny wspólny przodek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%86%DA%93%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%AC%D8%AF/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%87" title="وروستی نړیوال مشترک جد/نیکه – 普什圖文" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وروستی نړیوال مشترک جد/نیکه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什圖文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Altimo_ancestral_comum_universal" title="Último ancestral comum universal – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Último ancestral comum universal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimul_str%C4%83mo%C8%99_comun_universal" title="Ultimul strămoș comun universal – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ultimul strămoș comun universal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推薦文章"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Последний универсальный общий предок – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Последний универсальный общий предок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poslednji_univerzalni_skupni_prednik" title="Poslednji univerzalni skupni prednik – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poslednji univerzalni skupni prednik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E7%89%88" title="所有專門版一覽[q]" accesskey="q"><span>專門版</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&oldid=2000569" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&id=2000569&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%259C%2580%25E7%25B5%2582%25E5%2585%25B1%25E5%2590%258C%25E7%25A5%2596%25E5%2585%2588"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%259C%2580%25E7%25B5%2582%25E5%2585%25B1%25E5%2590%258C%25E7%25A5%2596%25E5%2585%2588"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Last_universal_ancestor" hreflang="en"><span>維基同享</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/LUCA" hreflang="en"><span>維基物種</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q849168" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><p><b>最終共同祖先 (Last Universal Common Ancester，縮寫：LUCA)</b> 係地球上所有生物嘅最近共同祖先。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> 雖然LUCA 並冇化石證據，但係現時所有生物嘅生化相似性(Biochemical similarity)證實咗佢嘅存在。佢嘅特徵係可以由現代基因組嘅共同特徵推斷出嚟。呢啲基因描述咗一種複雜嘅生命體，具有幾種共同適應嘅特徵，例如點樣將信息由 DNA 轉換為 mRNA ，再到蛋白質嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E9%8C%84" title="轉錄">轉錄</a>(Transcription)同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%89%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轉譯 (無呢版)">轉譯</a>(Translation)機制。大約 40 億年前，LUCA 可能生活喺海底岩漿流附近嘅深海噴口嘅高溫水入面。</p><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="生物進化" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="Template:進化"><abbr title="去睇呢個模" style="background:#90EE90;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">睇</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:進化 (無呢版)"><abbr title="傾呢個模" style="background:#90EE90;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">傾</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96&action=edit"><abbr title="編輯呢個模" style="background:#90EE90;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="生物進化" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="進化">生物進化</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div id="進化生物學_·_微同宏進化_·_適應（輻射適應）_·_自私基因論_·_進化博弈論"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="進化生物學">進化生物學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="微進化">微</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8F%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="宏進化">宏</a>進化<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A9%E6%87%89" title="適應">適應</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84%E9%81%A9%E6%87%89" title="輻射適應">輻射適應</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%A7%81%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E8%AB%96" title="自私基因論">自私基因論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%8D%9A%E5%BC%88%E8%AB%96" title="進化博弈論">進化博弈論</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="遺傳學">遺傳基礎</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96" title="生殖">生殖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3" title="遺傳">遺傳</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%9B%B8%E7%95%B0" title="基因相異">基因相異</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%B5%84" title="基因組">基因組</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%BA%AB" title="基因庫">基因庫</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="基因多樣性">基因多樣性</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%9E%8B" title="基因型">基因型</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E5%9E%8B" title="表現型">表現型</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%AF%E5%A1%91" title="表現型可塑">可塑</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A0%E9%81%93%E5%B0%8E%E5%90%91" title="渠道導向">渠道導向</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="孟德爾定律">孟德爾定律</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Evolution_icon_01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Evolution_icon_01.svg/150px-Evolution_icon_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Evolution_icon_01.svg/225px-Evolution_icon_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Evolution_icon_01.svg/300px-Evolution_icon_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="177" data-file-height="177" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="物種">物種</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E7%BE%A4" title="種群">種群</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E6%A8%B9" title="進化樹">進化樹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="共同祖先">共同祖先</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%BA%90" title="同源">同源</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">LUCA</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E5%9E%8B" title="生物多型">生物多型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5" title="物種概念">物種概念</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="物種分類">物種分類</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E9%AB%94%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="群體遺傳學">群體遺傳學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">物種變化</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="物種形成">物種形成</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E5%9F%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="異域物種形成">異域</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%9F%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="同域物種形成">同域</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%9F%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="近域物種形成">近域</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%84%B0%E5%9F%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="鄰域物種形成">鄰域</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E7%8B%80%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="環狀物種">環狀物種</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E7%A8%AE" title="絕種">絕種</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%B5%95%E7%A8%AE" title="共同絕種">共同絕種</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E7%B5%95%E7%A8%AE" title="大規模絕種">大規模絕種</a>）同埋<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E7%BE%A4%E6%A8%BD%E9%A0%B8" title="種群樽頸">種群樽頸</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E7%B7%A3%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%AD%B8" title="親緣關係學">親緣關係</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="支序分類學">支序分類學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E6%94%AF" title="進化支">進化支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E7%B3%BB%E7%BE%A4" title="單系群">單系群</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B3%BB%E7%BE%A4" title="多系群">多系群</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BE%A4" title="並系群">並系群</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E6%A9%9F%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="進化機制">機制</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%AB%B6%E5%A4%A9%E6%93%87" title="物競天擇">物競天擇</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E9%81%A9%E6%87%89%E5%BA%A6" title="進化適應度">適應度</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="共同進化">共同進化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87" title="性選擇">性選擇</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%B1%AC%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87" title="親屬選擇">親屬選擇</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E9%AB%94%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87" title="群體選擇">群體選擇</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%AA%81%E8%AE%8A" title="基因突變">基因突變</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%B5%81%E5%8B%95" title="基因流動">基因流動</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%BC%82%E8%AE%8A" title="基因漂變">基因漂變</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%A8%A1%E5%A1%8A%E5%8C%96" title="生物模塊化">生物模塊化</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96%E5%98%85%E8%AD%89%E6%93%9A" title="進化論嘅證據">證據</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87" title="人工選擇">人工選擇</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%B4%E9%A4%8A" title="馴養">馴養</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E8%97%A5" title="抗藥">抗藥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%95%E8%B7%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="痕跡器官">痕跡器官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E6%B8%AC%E5%AE%9A" title="年代測定">年代測定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3" title="化石">化石</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3" title="過渡化石">過渡化石</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="進化生態學">進化生態</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%A8%E5%90%8C%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="趨同進化">趨同</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%8C%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="平行進化">平行</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%A8%E7%95%B0%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="趨異進化">趨異</a>進化</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%8D%95%E9%A3%9F%E8%80%85%E9%81%A9%E6%87%89" title="反捕食者適應">反捕食者適應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C_(%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96)" title="合作 (進化)">合作</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="生物多樣性">生物多樣性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%8A%E8%99%9F%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="訊號理論">訊號理論</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%B2" title="生命進化史">進化史</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" class="mw-redirect" title="生命起源">生命起源</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%94%9F%E6%BA%90%E8%AB%96" title="無生源論">無生源論</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E7%A8%AE%E8%AB%96" title="泛種論">泛種論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E9%BE%8D%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="恐龍進化">恐龍進化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="人類進化">人類進化</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%98%85%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="人類智能嘅進化">人類智能嘅進化</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E5%BA%A6%E5%98%85%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="生物複雜度嘅進化">生物複雜度嘅進化</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96%E5%8F%B2" title="進化論史">進化論史</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E6%98%93%E8%B3%AA%E8%AA%AA" title="物種易質說">物種易質說</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blending_inheritance" class="extiw" title="en:Blending inheritance">融合遺傳說</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%AA%AA" title="定向進化說">定向進化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="拉馬克主義">拉馬克主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" title="查理斯·達爾文">查理斯·達爾文</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="物種起源">物種起源</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%B3%AA%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="本質主義">本質主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%E4%BC%91%E8%AC%A8" title="大衛休謨">大衛休謨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E7%B6%9C%E8%AB%96" title="現代進化綜論">現代綜論</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">社會爭論</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%B0%8D%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96%E5%98%85%E6%8B%92%E6%96%A5" title="宗教對進化論嘅拒斥">相關宗教爭議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%B0%8E%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96" title="神導進化論">神導進化論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="社會達爾文主義">社會達爾文主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%AA%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="優生學">優生學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="無神論">無神論</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AB%96" title="不可知論">不可知論</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="理神論">理神論</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">相關領域</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="生物領域" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學">生物領域</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="生物分類學">生物分類</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%AD%B8" title="生物系統學">生物系統學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="生物地理學">生物地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="生態學">生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="天體生物學">天體生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="古生物學">古生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="發育生物學">發育生物學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="進化發育生物學">進化發育生物學</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E9%85%8D%E7%A8%AE" title="動物配種">動物配種</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E9%85%8D%E7%A8%AE" title="植物配種">植物配種</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="進化心理學">進化心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="社會生物學">社會生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="醫學">醫學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="進化醫學">進化醫學</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="電腦科學">電腦科學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">AI</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="語言學">語言學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="歷史語言學">歷史</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="比較語言學">比較</a>語言學）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div><b>拉雜相關</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="進化運算">進化運算</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="進化演算法">進化演算法</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="遺傳演算法">遺傳演算法</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8F%B2" title="地球史">地球史</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生命</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="生態系統">生態系統</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%9B%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="模因">Meme</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="文化進化">文化進化</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%BC%94%E8%AE%8A" title="語言演變">語言演變</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="複雜系統">複雜系統</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%BA%A6" title="可進化度">可進化度</a>）</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="生物學" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:生物學"><abbr title="去睇呢個模" style="background:#90EE90;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">睇</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:生物學 (無呢版)"><abbr title="傾呢個模" style="background:#90EE90;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">傾</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit"><abbr title="編輯呢個模" style="background:#90EE90;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="生物學" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學">生物學</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div id="研究「生命」依種特性嘅科學，而專做依啲研究嘅人就係生物學家">研究「<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生命</a>」依種特性嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="科學">科學</a>，而專做依啲研究嘅人就係<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="生物學家">生物學家</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">基礎概念</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="科學哲學">科學哲學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學哲學">生物學哲學</a>）同<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="科學方法">科學方法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="理論生物學">生物學理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="實驗生物學">生物學實驗</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E9%AB%94%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="活體實驗">In vivo</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A6%E7%AE%A1%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="試管實驗">In vitro</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%90%86%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="數理生物學">數理生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="運算生物學">運算生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%B8" title="生物統計學">生物統計學</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Twemoji12_1f9ec.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Twemoji12_1f9ec.svg/150px-Twemoji12_1f9ec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Twemoji12_1f9ec.svg/225px-Twemoji12_1f9ec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Twemoji12_1f9ec.svg/300px-Twemoji12_1f9ec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生命</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">重要特徵</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E5%86%85%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1" title="體内平衡">體内平衡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%99%B3%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D" title="新陳代謝">新陳代謝</a></li> <li>識得<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="生物發育">發育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E6%AE%96" class="mw-redirect" title="繁殖">繁殖</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%80%A7%E7%B9%81%E6%AE%96" title="有性繁殖">有性繁殖</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A9%E6%87%89" title="適應">適應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="結構">結構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A0%E7%86%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="負熵">負熵</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞">細胞</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A6%88%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="真覈細胞">真覈細胞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%9B%E6%95%B8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="減數分裂">減數</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%B5%B2%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="有絲分裂">有絲</a>分裂</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="單細胞生物">單細胞</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="多細胞生物">多細胞</a>生物</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E5%9F%B9%E9%A4%8A" title="細胞培養">細胞培養</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="細胞理論">細胞理論</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="呼吸作用">呼吸作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHNOPS" title="CHNOPS">CHNOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%94%9F%E6%BA%90%E8%AB%96" title="無生源論">無生源論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="外星生物">外星生物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="碳生命">碳生命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB" title="死">死亡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="生命系統">生命系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="人工生命">人工生命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F%E8%AB%96" title="還原論">還原論</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E7%99%BC" title="創發">創發</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">重要學說</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="遺傳學">遺傳學</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DNA_%E6%B8%AC%E5%BA%8F" title="DNA 測序">DNA 測序</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3" title="遺傳">遺傳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%8D" title="鹼基對">鹼基對</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" title="基因">基因</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E4%BD%8D%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="等位基因">等位基因</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%93%E8%89%B2%E9%AB%94" title="染色體">染色體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%B5%84" title="基因組">基因組</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7" title="性">性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="基因多樣性">基因多樣性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A7%80%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="表觀遺傳學">表觀遺傳學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="進化">進化論</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%AB%B6%E5%A4%A9%E6%93%87" title="物競天擇">物競天擇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%AA%81%E8%AE%8A" title="基因突變">基因突變</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%B5%81%E5%8B%95" title="基因流動">基因流動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%BC%82%E8%AE%8A" title="基因漂變">基因漂變</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5" title="物種概念">物種概念</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="物種形成">物種形成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96%E5%98%85%E8%AD%89%E6%93%9A" title="進化論嘅證據">進化論嘅證據</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">LUCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="進化生物學">進化生物學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="生態學">生態學</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="生態系統">生態系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" title="生物質">生物質</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%BE%A4%E7%B3%BB" title="生物群系">生物群系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%B2%E6%81%AF%E5%9C%B0" title="棲息地">棲息地</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E4%BD%8D" title="生態位">生態位</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E9%96%93%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="種間關係">種間關係</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B5" title="熵">熵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="生物地球化學循環">生物地球化學循環</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="生態保育">生態保育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="生物化學">生物化學</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有機化合物">有機化合物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="氨基酸">氨基酸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%A3" title="醣">碳水化合物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82" title="脂">脂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA" title="蛋白質">蛋白質</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="核酸">核酸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%99%B3%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D" title="新陳代謝">新陳代謝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B5%E7%B4%A0" title="酵素">酵素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E9%AB%94" title="單體">單體</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="聚合物">聚合物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光合作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="營養作用">營養作用</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E5%B1%A4" title="生物分層">生物分層</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈">生物圈</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="生態系統">生態系統</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%BE%A4%E8%90%BD" title="生物群落">生物群落</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E7%BE%A4" title="種群">種群</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="器官">器官</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="生物組織">組織</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞">細胞</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%83%9E%E5%99%A8" title="細胞胞器">胞器</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">生物<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%8C" title="界">大</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F" title="域">類</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="生物分類學">生物分類學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="病毒">病毒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8F%8C" title="古菌">古菌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C" title="細菌">細菌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="真核生物">真核生物</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="原生生物">原生生物</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C" title="真菌">真菌</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="動物">動物</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="生物多樣性">生物多樣性</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">拉雜領域</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="古生物學">古生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="保育生物學">保育生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="微生物學">微生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="病理學">病理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%97%85%E5%AD%B8" title="流行病學">流行病學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="海洋生物學">海洋生物學</a></li> <li>微層面（<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="分子生物學">分子生物學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="細胞生物學">細胞生物學</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">組織層面</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8" title="解剖學">解剖學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="生理學">生理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="免疫學">免疫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="神經科學">神經科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="發育生物學">發育生物學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="進化發育生物學">進化發育生物學</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">按物種分</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C%E5%AD%B8" title="真菌學">真菌學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="植物學">植物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="動物學">動物學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E5%AD%B8" title="動物行為學">動物行為學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E8%9F%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="昆蟲學">昆蟲學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AC%E8%9F%B2%E5%85%A9%E6%A3%B2%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="爬蟲兩棲類學">爬蟲兩棲類學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="鳥類學">鳥類學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="哺乳類學">哺乳類學</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C%E5%AD%B8" title="細菌學">細菌學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E5%AD%B8" title="病毒學">病毒學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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title="人類學">人類學</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="複雜系統">複雜系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="氣候">氣候</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" title="氣候變化">氣候變化</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:生物學">生物學分類</a></b><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="Commons page" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/16px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/32px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Biology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Biology">共享資源</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" style="background: transparent;" role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Morpho_didius_Male_Dos_MHNT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Morpho_didius_Male_Dos_MHNT.jpg/35px-Morpho_didius_Male_Dos_MHNT.jpg" decoding="async" width="35" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Morpho_didius_Male_Dos_MHNT.jpg/53px-Morpho_didius_Male_Dos_MHNT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Morpho_didius_Male_Dos_MHNT.jpg/70px-Morpho_didius_Male_Dos_MHNT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5410" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></td> <td><div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="font-size: small;">呢篇同<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學">生物學</a>相關係<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A5%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:楔">楔</a>位文。歡迎幫維基百科<a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=edit">擴寫佢</a>。</div><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small; position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Biology-stub" title="Template:Biology-stub"><span title="睇呢個模" style="">睇</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Biology-stub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Biology-stub (無呢版)"><span title="討論呢個模" style="">論</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Biology-stub&action=edit"><span title="編輯呢個模" style=";">改</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Biology-stub&action=history"><span title="睇呢個模嘅歷史" style=";">歷</span></a></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2190673">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription 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