Our Focus Areas | NSF - National Science Foundation

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class="breadcrumbs"> <ol class="breadcrumbs__list"> <li class="breadcrumbs__item"> <a href="/" class="breadcrumbs__item--url">Home</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs__item"> <span class="breadcrumbs__item--current" aria-current="page">Our Focus Areas</span> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="uswds-main-content-wrapper grid-container not-search-page three-col-layout"> <div class="grid-row"> <h1 class="page-title--top"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Our Focus Areas</span> </h1> </div> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-6"> <main class="region-content full-width-container tablet:grid-col-12"> <div id="content-article-wrap"> <div class="region region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="block-nsf-theme-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block block-nsf-theme-content"> <article class="node node--type-layout-builder-page node--promoted node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content"> <article class="node text__container node--type-layout-builder-page node--promoted node--view-mode-pre-layout-fields"> <div class="node_view"></div> </article> <div class="layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--threecol constrained-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="7892" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/PF4039_gould-rigid-hull-ship-HR.jpg?VersionId=H.ExdlIMP8fxky_BtSeQENiBeHC6kZn1" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/PF4039_gould-rigid-hull-ship-HR.jpg?VersionId=PbYZAeUY28jOl7mUZpP8c7_hHei4uh3T&amp;itok=hs2RbjfW" data-caption="The research vessel Laurence M. Gould attempts to sail through ice-choked waters near Palmer Station off the Antarctic Peninsula." data-credit="Cynthia Spence, National Science Foundation" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/PF4039_gould-rigid-hull-ship-HR.jpg?VersionId=PovCQmUDgVrxI_nn89R6GKU7z6GqAQA.&itok=6dHWglfX" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h2 id="arctic"><a href="/focus-areas/arctic-antarctic" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e741d046-e44a-40df-94e9-4d82ce97db45" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Arctic and Antarctic">Arctic and Antarctic</a></h2> <p>Exploring the planet's vulnerable polar regions.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="7464" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/gemini407_h.jpg?VersionId=hw961x5zG3FFqTk9mOvrhazATHFvBVI2" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/gemini407_h.jpg?VersionId=crc8vcAC.4ZgD0XYeb3NDXFW.4waHQtM&amp;itok=m-Fgpmbp" data-caption="M8 Lagoon Nebula A portion of the Lagoon nebula imaged by Argentinean astronomers Julia Arias and Rodolfo Barb using the Gemini South telescope with the Gemini Multiple-Object Spectrograph." data-credit="Gemini Observatory/ AURA/Julia I. Arias and Rodolfo H. Barb Departamento de Fsica, Universidad de La Serena (Chile), and ICATE-CONICET (Argentina)" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/gemini407_h.jpg?VersionId=8movHRwAEYPRSI0oFVIF5_p4omwy0Mot&itok=BNOel8H7" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h2><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="520810bb-73e0-49d8-9855-d2839bcd22f3" href="/focus-areas/astronomy-space" title="Astronomy and Space">Astronomy and Space</a></h2> <p>Opening windows to the universe.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--third"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="9636" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/3908_hummingbird_h.jpg?VersionId=3cmmo4aLWuRWcCHov51rHmdXjP.0Fcr4" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/3908_hummingbird_h.jpg?VersionId=3.BkQBFflGHv9Z8bfUcqFaOw3cHpW3Jg&amp;itok=DO5VZKOq" data-caption="An Anna's hummingbird. Researchers found that relocating to a higher altitude to escape a warming climate seems unlikely for hummingbirds due to the drop in metabolic rate and increase in time spent in a torpid state." data-credit="Becky Matsubara (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/">CC BY 2.0</a>)" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/3908_hummingbird_h.jpg?VersionId=AOSgYt0qQM2eCASAkS1wHN5ydtk515rp&itok=_NSLKGnN" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h2><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="cc241650-11b2-419d-b0e5-97ed8a0263a6" href="/focus-areas/biology" title="Biology">Biology</a></h2> <p>Understanding life in all its forms and sustaining the Earth's ecosystems as they face unprecedented global challenges.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--threecol constrained-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="7879" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/pf6090_ocean5_h.jpg?VersionId=fautFTI7k1I6ZtM0_gKC_YaRwuZS7GhI" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/pf6090_ocean5_h.jpg?VersionId=pwi3A82Rxrd5pdv.1SQ1J_b.5Ft5zdEH&amp;itok=qkvDaM_p" data-caption="San Diego's Ocean Discovery Institute aims to provide students with quality scientific education and the tools they need to succeed in science, technology, engineering and mathematics fields. Mentoring at every level -- peer to peer, scientist to student, etc. -- helps to ensure students become the next-generation leaders in ocean science. More about this image San DiegoÕs Ocean Discovery Institute was created to address a crisis in national science education: an acute need to provide students with quality scientific education and the tools they need to achieve. Shara Fisler, director of the institute, and the institute were a 2010 recipient of the Presidential Awards for Excellence in Science, Math, and Engineering Mentoring (PAESMEM). The National Science Foundation (NSF) administers PAESMEM on behalf of the White House. The institute empowers more than 4,500 low-income diverse youth from local communities to explore the oceans and natural environment. Its tuition-free programs incorporate education, scientific research and lessons on environmental stewardship of the oceans, our planetÕs defining feature. Fisler says scientists and policymakers need to do more to spark an interest in science among young people through mentoring and other means. "There are roadblocks, and we wouldnÕt be having this conversation today if the road to the STEM [science, technology, engineering and mathematics] workforce wasnÕt littered with blockades, unfortunately," she said at a recent event in Washington, co-hosted by NSF and AAAS entitled "New Directions for Inclusive STEM Education and Career Mentoring." NSF works to improve STEM mentoring by supporting educators and organizations, like Fisler and the Ocean Discovery Institute, through PAESMEM." data-credit="Ocean Discovery Institute" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/pf6090_ocean5_h.jpg?VersionId=.TjbVsSw2Y7XKbXpeFjdKKBmEBjrqGlU&itok=d_h7WYew" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h2><a href="/focus-areas/broadening-participation-stem" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="18c8bb8c-e6d0-4311-bfd1-a766f515d9e4" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Broadening Participation in STEM">Broadening Participation in STEM</a></h2> <p>Inspiring talent and creating opportunities in science and engineering across the nation.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="8423" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/PF3278_2368_h.jpg?VersionId=FjVIHIiezkbaCL_Y3M7w1f7gBdpg0eRC" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/PF3278_2368_h.jpg?VersionId=boRDmW9U4eBmyGl4YKaxll.nPuAKM9oE&amp;itok=snXSZN6l" data-caption="A researcher at the Electronic Visualization Laboratory discusses a visualization of a balls-and-sticks model of a molecular chemistry dataset on the CAVE2 System with students. This research is supported by a National Science Foundation Major Research Instrumentation grant under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009." data-credit="Photo by Lance Long; courtesy Electronic Visualization Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/PF3278_2368_h.jpg?VersionId=stFf4G.ytSb0okcOydvi0X2ytDhrd0SK&itok=Ee941R1l" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h2><a href="/focus-areas/chemistry" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="c537614e-8bea-436a-8ad3-a999565156ac" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a></h2> <p>Understanding the basic properties of matter and forging the chemicals of the future.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--third"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="10120" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/KollarLab_TestShots_02162022_JC_3918.JPG?VersionId=6hS8sl22FFnZoT3es0XRlUPgYlfJ9jTI" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/KollarLab_TestShots_02162022_JC_3918.JPG?VersionId=HS7VDPeDGrz8NIkZf8XjcWZMsPC6IeaP&amp;itok=NCskuPtx" data-caption="RQS Co-PI Alicia Kollár examines equipment used in the experimental implementations of waveguide cavities in quantum computation and simulation." data-credit="University of Maryland" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/KollarLab_TestShots_02162022_JC_3918.JPG?VersionId=JO0ken2BD3CpA8JLZzyDSC6rl1W5e2s.&itok=PO_gz0dV" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h2><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="6795669a-1693-49fe-8316-d49bb85d579b" href="/focus-areas/computing" title="Computing">Computing</a></h2> <p>Advancing computer and information science and engineering for societal impact.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--threecol constrained-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="9691" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/Ulyana%20Horodyskyj%20Pena%203.jpg?VersionId=SaxMCGHvauKHWakT4atIduh.rbb8F62F" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/Ulyana%20Horodyskyj%20Pena%203.jpg?VersionId=h6Z6h75nYpN3.AVzkgUsgPQItrqvszVb&amp;itok=ybE7G9a-" data-caption="Icebergs abound in the cold waters of Svalbard, along the north/northeastern coast of this archipelago, 650 miles from the North Pole." data-credit="Ulyana Horodyskyj Pena" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/Ulyana%20Horodyskyj%20Pena%203.jpg?VersionId=7A7LQu3QcqOa.C80u7B5JRuaRuGpxkhi&itok=rB2ASiHz" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h2><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="33930055-fe3d-4c06-af23-ee7379ad4f33" href="/focus-areas/earth-environment" title="Earth and Environment">Earth and Environment</a></h2> <p>Exploring the wonders of our planet to preserve its future.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="7466" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/PF7155_christina_h.jpg?VersionId=MIusufDIq2IKpHpseWL8HNLfH7ewNskq" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/PF7155_christina_h.jpg?VersionId=._spPdLs1J8XwzEy6ntjn1Pv0cNVXJxX&amp;itok=gxoHg7CI" data-caption="Students perform classroom experiments that teach science, technology, engineering and mathematics focused content. More about this image Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) play an increasingly important role in addressing the critical needs of society and generating the innovation that drives the global economy. STEM education faculty at The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) are committed to providing equitable access to STEM careers and literacy for a diverse community of learners for the purpose of building and cultivating interest in STEM topics through innovative and socially responsive research, teaching and teacher preparation informed by the learning sciences. UT Austin's STEM education degrees prepare elementary teachers through the K-6 certification program and secondary teachers through the nationally recognized UTeach program. UT Austin graduate students return to the classroom and educational organizations in leadership roles and go on to make major contributions in STEM education research and teaching. UT Austin also offers options that are flexible enough for current teachers to extend their knowledge of STEM education. (Date image taken: June 2016)" data-credit="Christina S. Murrey, College of Education, University of Texas at Austin" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/PF7155_christina_h.jpg?VersionId=5QY7A7QhB8l8hge6O_iM0xFyT95fLpcw&itok=Sp4eMlhR" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h2><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="21c29892-2516-438f-9296-d520c4b54784" href="/focus-areas/education" title="Education and Training">Education and Training</a></h2> <p>Unleashing the nation's science and engineering talent.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--third"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="7883" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/PF7015_human_a.jpg?VersionId=1I7KlbUwKZJsMUhFqfwpA3pPf2vfiZVv" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/PF7015_human_a.jpg?VersionId=l9YdQsHuRg4TmKKD7z1asjwih7T5kvGq&amp;itok=1li7Eg8p" data-caption="A prosthetic arm from "Human Plus: Real Lives + Real Engineering," an interactive exhibition funded by the National Science Foundation about engineers and users who design technologies to help themselves and others achieve their goals. More about this image The "Human Plus: Real Lives + Real Engineering" exhibition tells compelling stories of engineers and users who design and use technologies to help themselves and others achieve their goals -- from everyday routines to lifelong dreams. Human Plus offers visitors a chance to explore and create a range of low-tech and high-tech tools that restore and extend human abilities. Throughout the exhibit, visitors experience the creative, dynamic engineering process, which involves the user every step of the way. From customized wheelchairs for off-roading to a vest that lets you feel music to neuroprosthetic limbs controlled by a userÕs thoughts, Human Plus showcases the innovative field of engineering that improves our lives every day. The "Human Plus: Real Lives + Real Engineering" exhibition was created by the New York Hall of Science in partnership with the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry and the Quality of Life Technology Center with funding from the National Science Foundation. You can learn more about the exhibition Here." data-credit="Photo by Andrew Kelly/New York Hall of Science" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/PF7015_human_a.jpg?VersionId=h.Tv6xSmAl4Qq2WOLdt51c3wIcmL0LkL&itok=8_kTU_UL" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h2><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="565baf28-62ba-4c77-8b72-7f449099d727" href="/focus-areas/engineering" title="Engineering ">Engineering</a></h2> <p>Pursuing use-inspired research and innovation to create a future where people can thrive.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--threecol constrained-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="9694" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/mayall_00354_h.jpg?VersionId=24shtsBR3_vfg2ayJ0tgohhwKCOdiUBz" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/mayall_00354_h.jpg?VersionId=i35.0u.YimXMQpCQ9eaqWyNJZDj7uKyb&amp;itok=hwMz5VmC" data-caption="The Nicholas U. Mayall 4-meter Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Tucson, Arizona." data-credit="Marilyn Chung/Lawrence Berkeley" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/mayall_00354_h.jpg?VersionId=7JpMbhZhfk14kTPGtS1Vsbyh8JTsZYCg&itok=l94KsN66" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h2><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="5137dfaa-8ab0-442c-9332-756dfa36d769" href="/focus-areas/infrastructure" title="Facilities and Infrastructure">Facilities and Infrastructure</a></h2> <p>Empowering scientists, engineers and educators to explore, experiment and discover new frontiers.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="11386" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-10/MXene_Material_Hero.jpg?VersionId=0Ow.JMXgQavX7PvUew1LYi08pZclNRip" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-10/MXene_Material_Hero.jpg?VersionId=JFOMytovXloEIkreGxK3.KHJR0TdAJb1&amp;itok=PeTdVRPN" data-caption="A black and white scanning electron microscope image of tiny, finely-layered structures known as MXenes (pronounced “max-eens”), which are of interest to scientists for new devices and electronics. These were grown with a new, easier and less toxic method invented by chemists with the University of Chicago." data-credit="Di Wang and Dmitri Talapin/University of Chicago" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-10/MXene_Material_Hero.jpg?VersionId=XrzH1jqU0mURpZHLnWpBCp1KuNqQaRqh&itok=-wZ938CV" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h2><a href="/focus-areas/materials" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="a55cfff4-e52e-4f83-9f2b-ad11cf36c97e" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Materials Research">Materials Research</a></h2> <p>Discovering new materials and processing methods that can unlock innovations across a wide range of sectors.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--third"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="39090" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/media_hub/NITMB_Collage_v2_1400x800.jpg?VersionId=EXv497MlVVvsaWdfH5Di.8qfvNu49Sir" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/media_hub/NITMB_Collage_v2_1400x800.jpg?VersionId=v3oGenfxQZcz0L3yJjPzxXs8WJSEJRtd&amp;itok=lch9iKXj" data-caption="A collage of images showing magnified views of organisms including the brain of a fruit fly larva, the cells and structure of a fruit fly eye, and equations describing some of the biological processes involved." data-credit="Richard Carthew/Northwestern University/U.S. National Science Foundation" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/media_hub/NITMB_Collage_v2_1400x800.jpg?VersionId=AfUqzrtnmlNKyM7v4pYGyKwGBDCDDQIs&itok=-cARDlrS" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h2><a href="/focus-areas/mathematics" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="22249fb7-ce3d-4531-bb97-a895848785fc" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a></h2> <p>Developing and exploring the language of the universe.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--threecol constrained-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder 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href="/focus-areas/people-society" title="People and Society">People and Society</a></h2> <p>Illuminating what makes us human.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="9699" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/201902-108_13.jpg?VersionId=u47RhxA7jU2AKwDz9eUBHiZIPFBEfJfT" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/201902-108_13.jpg?VersionId=vzeKjhKV818QQc7gbCIcL1pDSPBED2OC&amp;itok=XB6xN1Bp" data-caption="LHC tunnel Pictures during LS2 2019-04-30" data-credit="CERN" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/201902-108_13.jpg?VersionId=4DjbtvcBMkq6T0XYNcQ0E3a0pVbp1Fmw&itok=HGN32dUS" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h2><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="a8efd648-8c89-4505-8045-f8d7d7dc16fe" href="/focus-areas/physics" title="Physics">Physics</a></h2> <p>Understanding the fundamental workings of the universe — from tiny quantum particles to the largest galaxies.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--third"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="9700" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/NANO-NEATEC-07-Techs%20load%20300mm%20FOUP%20onto%20tool.jpg?VersionId=o2Y2EVdEn1Wu78XX5Dow.HdNVTXM4l.D" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/NANO-NEATEC-07-Techs%20load%20300mm%20FOUP%20onto%20tool.jpg?VersionId=5z_ISnmkweh5hl6KtmB3WJ9OFLojUtM1&amp;itok=qbRXR1Md" data-caption="Technicians load 300mm Front Opening Unified Pod wafer pods onto a tool at SUNY Poly’s 300mm semiconductor fabrication facility. Technicians load 300mm front Opening Universal Pods (FOUP) onto a tool at SUNY Polytechnic Institute's semiconductor fabrication facility." data-credit="State University of New York at Albany. College of Nanoscale Science &amp; Engineering" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/NANO-NEATEC-07-Techs%20load%20300mm%20FOUP%20onto%20tool.jpg?VersionId=IdQWRJtasY5SE0FpGApAFW90CG0.x7qd&itok=J92L9Bee" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h2><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="5816503e-b674-4489-8dfb-e98c672dad8a" href="/focus-areas/research-partnerships" title="Research Partnerships">Research Partnerships</a></h2> <p>Addressing challenges that require collaboration and fresh perspectives.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="palette palette--light-gray layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--threecol full-browser-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="9701" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-06/IMG-29.jpg?VersionId=Ql57nJ3x3ZhHA.NiJ.b5UNIU6CAj5lNn" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-06/IMG-29.jpg?VersionId=iCbrXIa7J2a3lqhutVmAOCZQJuWiZLlm&amp;itok=F6Nn8dBy" data-caption="Man controls a robot to feed himself at Cleveland State University Center for Human-Machine Systems" data-credit="Cleveland State University Center for Human-Machine Systems" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-06/IMG-29.jpg?VersionId=9.QwRDLSkptZz8.8DfuDAPLftv89vpZM&itok=jKIVedAt" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h2><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="3b778cc7-2df1-4b60-8d48-bea106ee0f4a" href="/focus-areas/technology" title="Technology">Technology</a></h2> <p>Paving the way for the technologies that will shape the future.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <div class="text__content text-formatted"><h3>Our key technology areas:</h3><ul><li><h4><a href="/focus-areas/manufacturing" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="9ad582da-8dd1-48f9-ae88-b2f4e3cd6e5e" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Advanced Manufacturing">Advanced Manufacturing</a></h4></li><li><h4><a href="/focus-areas/materials" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="a55cfff4-e52e-4f83-9f2b-ad11cf36c97e" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Advanced Materials">Advanced Materials</a></h4></li><li><h4><a href="/focus-areas/artificial-intelligence" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="29e38c43-7625-4efe-9c0e-3de36c582dc1" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title=" Artificial Intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a></h4></li><li><h4><a href="/focus-areas/biotechnology" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e420ab79-1cff-45cb-8093-7093adc166ec" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a></h4></li><li><h4><a href="/focus-areas/communications-wireless" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="5295b9bf-e8bc-48c5-99dc-dcd60c5d4efa" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Communications and Wireless">Communications and Wireless</a></h4></li><li><h4><a href="/focus-areas/cyberinfrastructure" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="6938af10-ba2d-418e-be32-5001edf605dd" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Cyberinfrastructure and Cybersecurity">Cyberinfrastructure and Advanced Computing</a></h4></li></ul></div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--third"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <div class="text__content text-formatted"><p> </p><ul><li><h4><a href="/focus-areas/cybersecurity" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="75ca86b1-4cfe-4b58-be07-0b0d2119c550" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Cybersecurity">Cybersecurity</a></h4></li><li><h4><a href="/focus-areas/disaster-resilience" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e254e3a3-11bb-477d-b069-da50a889d40e" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Disaster Risk and Resilience">Disaster Risk and Resilience</a></h4></li><li><h4><a href="/focus-areas/energy" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="7a6b5867-e18e-432c-8f5e-08397ed7fe16" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Energy Technology">Energy Technology</a></h4></li><li><h4><a href="/focus-areas/quantum" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="9c550e12-4f1c-47ce-ab8f-f1ef04ca7319" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Quantum Information Science">Quantum Information Science and Technology</a></h4></li><li><h4><a href="/focus-areas/semiconductors" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="3c07d1da-78cb-423e-af7a-a4bb9068b320" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Advanced Computing and Semiconductors">Semiconductors and Microelectronics</a></h4></li></ul></div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--threecol constrained-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="39750" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/media_hub/IllinoisNewsBureau-230509-fz-001.JPG?VersionId=7d4NIj2uX3z_RTgVXSf3lWstLVbb3_6a" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/media_hub/IllinoisNewsBureau-230509-fz-001.JPG?VersionId=DanzIgyjC5fQg2RCg0HXK9wnmRO2sIHO&amp;itok=ez4_vpSP" data-caption="These vials of nanoparticle solution, shown against a projected tissue sample scan, can be used to target multiple cancer biomarkers by giving off two distinct signals when lit by one fluorescent wavelength — a feature that could help doctors distinguish tumor borders and identify metastatic cancers." data-credit="Fred Zwicky/University of Illinois" 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