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<span>Specific sibyls</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Specific_sibyls-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Specific sibyls subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Specific_sibyls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cimmerian_Sibyl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cimmerian_Sibyl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cimmerian Sibyl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cimmerian_Sibyl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cumaean_Sibyl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cumaean_Sibyl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Cumaean Sibyl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cumaean_Sibyl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delphic_Sibyl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delphic_Sibyl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Delphic Sibyl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delphic_Sibyl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erythraean_Sibyl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erythraean_Sibyl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Erythraean Sibyl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erythraean_Sibyl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hellespontine_Sibyl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hellespontine_Sibyl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Hellespontine Sibyl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hellespontine_Sibyl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libyan_Sibyl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libyan_Sibyl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Libyan Sibyl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libyan_Sibyl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persian_Sibyl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persian_Sibyl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Persian Sibyl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persian_Sibyl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phrygian_Sibyl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phrygian_Sibyl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Phrygian Sibyl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phrygian_Sibyl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samian_Sibyl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samian_Sibyl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Samian Sibyl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samian_Sibyl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tiburtine_Sibyl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tiburtine_Sibyl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Tiburtine Sibyl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tiburtine_Sibyl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Renaissance_art_and_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Renaissance_art_and_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In Renaissance art and literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Renaissance_art_and_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sibylline_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sibylline_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sibylline books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sibylline_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classic_sibyls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classic_sibyls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Classic sibyls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classic_sibyls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_Christianizing_sibyls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_Christianizing_sibyls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Medieval Christianizing sibyls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_Christianizing_sibyls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_sibyl_imagery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_sibyl_imagery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Modern sibyl imagery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_sibyl_imagery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sibyl</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7_(%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="سيبيلا (نبية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيبيلا (نبية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivill%C9%99r" title="Sivillər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sivillər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Сівілы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сівілы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Сыбілы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сыбілы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сибила – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сибила" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilla" title="Sibilla – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sibilla" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibil%C2%B7la" title="Sibil·la – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sibil·la" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibyla" title="Sibyla – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sibyla" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibylle" title="Sibylle – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sibylle" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibylle_(Prophetin)" title="Sibylle (Prophetin) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sibylle (Prophetin)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sib%C3%BCll" title="Sibüll – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sibüll" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AF%CE%B2%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Σίβυλλα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σίβυλλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibila" title="Sibila – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sibila" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilo" title="Sibilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sibilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibila" title="Sibila – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sibila" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84_(%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%D9%88)" title="سیبیل (پیشگو) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیبیل (پیشگو)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibylle" title="Sibylle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sibylle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibila" title="Sibila – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sibila" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%B6%88%EB%9D%BC" title="시불라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시불라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Սիբիլլաներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սիբիլլաներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibila_(proro%C4%8Dica)" title="Sibila (proročica) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sibila (proročica)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilo" title="Sibilo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sibilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibyl" title="Sibyl – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sibyl" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilla" title="Sibilla – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sibilla" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94" title="סיבילה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיבילה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="სიბილა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიბილა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibylla" title="Sibylla – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sibylla" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibil%C4%97s" title="Sibilės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sibilės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szib%C3%BCll%C3%A1k" title="Szibüllák – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szibüllák" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Сибила (митологија) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сибила (митологија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibille" title="Sibille – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sibille" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%93%E3%83%A5%E3%83%A9" title="シビュラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シビュラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibylle" title="Sibylle – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sibylle" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sybilla_(mitologia)" title="Sybilla (mitologia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sybilla (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibila" title="Sibila – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sibila" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibila" title="Sibila – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sibila" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Сивиллы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сивиллы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibyla_(ve%C5%A1tky%C5%88a)" title="Sibyla (veštkyňa) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sibyla (veštkyňa)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibila_(prerokinja)" title="Sibila (prerokinja) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sibila (prerokinja)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сибила – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сибила" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibila" title="Sibila – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sibila" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibylla_(antiikin_uskonnot)" title="Sibylla (antiikin uskonnot) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sibylla (antiikin uskonnot)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibylla_(profet)" title="Sibylla (profet) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sibylla (profet)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibyl" title="Sibyl – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sibyl" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilla" title="Sibilla – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sibilla" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Сивіли – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сивіли" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94%E6%8B%89" title="西比拉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西比拉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q273320#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Sibyls" redirects here. For the 1514 Italian painting, see <a href="/wiki/Sibyls_(Raphael)" title="Sibyls (Raphael)">Sibyls (Raphael)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sibyl_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sibyl (disambiguation)">Sibyl (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p>The <b>sibyls</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Σίβυλλαι</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Sibyllai</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Plural_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Plural number">pl</a>. of <span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Σίβυλλα</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Sibylla</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[sí.byl.lai,<span class="wrap"> </span>sí.byl.la]</a></span>) were prophetesses or <a href="/wiki/Oracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracles">oracles</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aizanoi_Zeus_temple_2247.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Aizanoi_Zeus_temple_2247.jpg/220px-Aizanoi_Zeus_temple_2247.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Aizanoi_Zeus_temple_2247.jpg/330px-Aizanoi_Zeus_temple_2247.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Aizanoi_Zeus_temple_2247.jpg/440px-Aizanoi_Zeus_temple_2247.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1065" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Statue in the Temple of Zeus at <a href="/wiki/Aizanoi" title="Aizanoi">Aizanoi</a>, believed to depict a sibyl.</figcaption></figure> <p>The sibyls <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophesied</a> at holy sites.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sibyl at <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> has been dated to as early as the eleventh century BC by <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pausanias_10.12.1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pausanias_10.12.1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when he described local traditions in his writings from the second century AD. At first, there appears to have been only a single sibyl. By the fourth century BC, there appear to have been at least three more, <a href="/wiki/Phrygian_Sibyl" title="Phrygian Sibyl">Phrygian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erythraean_Sibyl" title="Erythraean Sibyl">Erythraean</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hellespontine_Sibyl" title="Hellespontine Sibyl">Hellespontine</a>. By the first century BC, there were at least ten sibyls, located in Greece, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Italy">Italy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DelphicSibylByMichelangelo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/DelphicSibylByMichelangelo.jpg/220px-DelphicSibylByMichelangelo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/DelphicSibylByMichelangelo.jpg/330px-DelphicSibylByMichelangelo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/DelphicSibylByMichelangelo.jpg/440px-DelphicSibylByMichelangelo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>'s <i>Delphic Sibyl</i>, <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a> <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">ceiling</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The English word <i>sibyl</i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is from Middle English, via the <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">sibile</i></span> and the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">sibylla</i></span> from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a> <span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AF%CE%B2%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:Σίβυλλα">Σίβυλλα</a></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Sibylla</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Varro" class="mw-redirect" title="Varro">Varro</a> derived the name from an <a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Aeolic</a> <i>sioboulla</i>, the equivalent of Attic <i><a href="/wiki/Theobule" title="Theobule">theobule</a></i> ("divine counsel").<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This etymology is not accepted in modern handbooks, which list the origin as unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been alternative proposals in nineteenth-century philology suggesting <a href="/wiki/Italic_languages" title="Italic languages">Old Italic</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (December 2021)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> or <a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic</a> derivation.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first known Greek writer to mention a sibyl is (based on the testimony of <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>) <a href="/wiki/Heraclitus" title="Heraclitus">Heraclitus</a> (fl. 500 BC): </p> <blockquote><p>The Sibyl, with frenzied mouth uttering things not to be laughed at, unadorned and unperfumed, yet reaches to a thousand years with her voice by aid of the god.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert">Walter Burkert</a> observes that "frenzied women from whose lips the god speaks" are recorded very much earlier in the Near East, as in <a href="/wiki/Mari,_Syria" title="Mari, Syria">Mari</a> in the second millennium and in Assyria in the first millennium".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the literary elaborations of Roman writers, sibyls were not identified by a personal name, but by names that refer to the location of their <i><a href="/wiki/Temenos" title="Temenos">temenos</a></i>, or shrine. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Description_of_Greece" title="Description of Greece">Description of Greece</a></i>, the first sibyl at Delphi mentioned ("the former" [earlier]) was of great antiquity, and was thought, according to Pausanias, to have been given the name "sibyl" by the Libyans.<sup id="cite_ref-Pausanias_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pausanias-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sir <a href="/wiki/James_Frazer" class="mw-redirect" title="James Frazer">James Frazer</a> calls the text defective. </p><p>The second sibyl referred to by Pausanias, and named "Herophile", seems to have been based ultimately in <a href="/wiki/Samos_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Samos Island">Samos</a>, but visited other shrines, at <a href="/wiki/Clarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarus">Clarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> and sang there, but that at the same time, Delphi had its own sibyl.<sup id="cite_ref-Pausanias_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pausanias-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/James_Frazer" class="mw-redirect" title="James Frazer">James Frazer</a> writes, in his translation and commentary on Pausanias,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that only two of the Greek sibyls were historical: <a href="/wiki/Erythraean_Sibyl" title="Erythraean Sibyl">Herophile of Erythrae</a>, who is thought to have lived in the eighth century BC, and <a href="/wiki/Samian_Sibyl" title="Samian Sibyl">Phyto of Samos</a> who lived somewhat later. He observes that the Greeks at first seemed to have known only one sibyl, and instances <a href="/wiki/Heraclides_Ponticus" title="Heraclides Ponticus">Heraclides Ponticus</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the first ancient writer to distinguish several sibyls: Heraclides names at least three sibyls, the <a href="/wiki/Phrygian_Sibyl" title="Phrygian Sibyl">Phrygian</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Erythraean_Sibyl" title="Erythraean Sibyl">Erythraean</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Hellespontine_Sibyl" title="Hellespontine Sibyl">Hellespontine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scholar David S. Potter writes, "In the late fifth century BC it does appear that 'Sibylla' was the name given to a single inspired prophetess".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like Heraclitus, <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> speaks of only one sibyl, but in course of time the number increased to nine, with a tenth, the <a href="/wiki/Tiburtine_Sibyl" title="Tiburtine Sibyl">Tiburtine Sibyl</a>, probably <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruscan mythology">Etruscan</a> in origin, added by the Romans. According to <a href="/wiki/Lactantius" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a>' <i>Divine Institutions</i> (Book 1, Ch. 6), <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Terentius_Varro" title="Marcus Terentius Varro">Varro</a> (first century BC) lists these ten: the Persian, the Libyan, the Delphic, the Cimmerian, the Erythræan, the Samian, the Cumæan, the Hellespontine (in Trojan territory), the Phrygian (at Ancyra), and the Tiburtine (named Albunea). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specific_sibyls">Specific sibyls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Specific sibyls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cimmerian_Sibyl">Cimmerian Sibyl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cimmerian Sibyl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cimmerian_Sibyl" title="Cimmerian Sibyl">Cimmerian Sibyl</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Naevius" title="Gnaeus Naevius">Naevius</a> names the Cimmerian Sibyl in his books of the <a href="/wiki/Punic_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic War">Punic War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Calpurnius_Piso_Frugi_(consul_133_BC)" title="Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi (consul 133 BC)">Piso</a> in his annals. </p><p>Evander, the son of Sibyl, founded in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> the shrine of <a href="/wiki/Pan_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan (mythology)">Pan</a> that is called the <a href="/wiki/Lupercal" title="Lupercal">Lupercal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cumaean_Sibyl">Cumaean Sibyl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cumaean Sibyl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cumaean_Sibyl" title="Cumaean Sibyl">Cumaean Sibyl</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INC-1813-r_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BE%D0%BA._43_%D0%B3._%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D._%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/INC-1813-r_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BE%D0%BA._43_%D0%B3._%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D._%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%28%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png/220px-INC-1813-r_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BE%D0%BA._43_%D0%B3._%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D._%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%28%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/INC-1813-r_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BE%D0%BA._43_%D0%B3._%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D._%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%28%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png/330px-INC-1813-r_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BE%D0%BA._43_%D0%B3._%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D._%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%28%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/INC-1813-r_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BE%D0%BA._43_%D0%B3._%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D._%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%28%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png/440px-INC-1813-r_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BE%D0%BA._43_%D0%B3._%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D._%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%28%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cumaean_Sibyl" title="Cumaean Sibyl">Cumaean Sibyl</a> on a coin of 43 BC, shown riding in a <a href="/wiki/Biga_(chariot)" title="Biga (chariot)"><i>biga</i></a> drawn by lions with a <a href="/wiki/Patera" title="Patera">patera</a> in her hand.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Hector_Leroux--Sibylle.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Louis_Hector_Leroux--Sibylle.webp/220px-Louis_Hector_Leroux--Sibylle.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Louis_Hector_Leroux--Sibylle.webp/330px-Louis_Hector_Leroux--Sibylle.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Louis_Hector_Leroux--Sibylle.webp/440px-Louis_Hector_Leroux--Sibylle.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1267" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The Sibyl of Cumae, by <a href="/wiki/Hector_Leroux" class="mw-redirect" title="Hector Leroux">Hector Leroux</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The sibyl who most concerned the Romans was the <a href="/wiki/Cumaean_Sibyl" title="Cumaean Sibyl">Cumaean Sibyl</a>, located near the Greek city of <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, whom <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>'s Aeneas consults before his descent to the lower world (<i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> book VI: 10). Burkert notes (1985, p. 117) that the conquest of Cumae by the <a href="/wiki/Oscans" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscans">Oscans</a> in the fifth century destroyed the tradition, but provides a <i><a href="/wiki/Terminus_ante_quem" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminus ante quem">terminus ante quem</a></i> for a Cumaean sibyl. She is said to have sold the original <a href="/wiki/Sibylline_books" class="mw-redirect" title="Sibylline books">Sibylline books</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tarquinius_Superbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarquinius Superbus">Tarquinius Superbus</a>, the last king of Rome. In Virgil's Fourth <a href="/wiki/Eclogues" title="Eclogues">Eclogue</a>, the Cumaean sibyl foretells the coming of a savior—possibly a flattering reference to the poet's patron, <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>. Christians later identified this saviour as Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Delphic_Sibyl">Delphic Sibyl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Delphic Sibyl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Delphic_Sibyl" title="Delphic Sibyl">Delphic Sibyl</a></div> <p>The Delphic Sibyl was a woman who prophesied before the Trojan Wars (c. eleventh century BC). She was noted by Pausanias<sup id="cite_ref-Pausanias_10.12.1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pausanias_10.12.1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in his writing during the second century AD about local traditions in Greece. This earliest documented Delphic Sibyl would have predated by hundreds of years the priestess of Apollo active at the oracle from around the eighth century BC who was known as <a href="/wiki/Pythia" title="Pythia">Pythia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Greek religion passed through transitions to the pantheon of the Classical Greeks that is most familiar to modern readers, Apollo had become the deity represented by Pythia and those who then officiated at the already ancient oracle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erythraean_Sibyl">Erythraean Sibyl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Erythraean Sibyl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Erythraean_Sibyl" title="Erythraean Sibyl">Erythraean Sibyl</a></div> <p>The Erythraean Sibyl was sited at <a href="/wiki/Erythrae" title="Erythrae">Erythrae</a>, a town in <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a> opposite <a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Apollodorus_of_Erythrae" title="Apollodorus of Erythrae">Apollodorus of Erythrae</a> affirms the Erythraean Sibyl to have been his own countrywoman and to have predicted the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a> and prophesied to the Greeks who were moving against <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Ilium</a> both that Troy would be destroyed and that <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> would write falsehoods. </p><p>The word <i>acrostic</i> was first applied to the prophecies of the Erythraean Sibyl, which were written on leaves and arranged so that the initial letters of the leaves always formed a word. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hellespontine_Sibyl">Hellespontine Sibyl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hellespontine Sibyl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hellespontine_Sibyl" title="Hellespontine Sibyl">Hellespontine Sibyl</a></div> <p>The Hellespontine, or Trojan Sibyl, presided over the <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollonian</a> <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">oracle</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dardanus_(city)" title="Dardanus (city)">Dardania</a>. </p><p>The Hellespontian Sibyl was born in the village of <a href="/wiki/Marpessus" class="mw-redirect" title="Marpessus">Marpessus</a> near the small town of Gergitha, during the lifetimes of <a href="/wiki/Solon" title="Solon">Solon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a>. Marpessus, according to <a href="/wiki/Heraclides_of_Pontus" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraclides of Pontus">Heraclides of Pontus</a>, was formerly within the boundaries of the <a href="/wiki/Troad" title="Troad">Troad</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sibylline_books" class="mw-redirect" title="Sibylline books">sibylline collection</a> at <a href="/wiki/Gergis_(Troad)" title="Gergis (Troad)">Gergis</a> was attributed to the Hellespontine Sibyl and was preserved in the temple of Apollo at Gergis. Thence it passed to <a href="/wiki/Erythrae" title="Erythrae">Erythrae</a>, where it became famous. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LibyanSibyl_SistineChapel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/LibyanSibyl_SistineChapel.jpg/220px-LibyanSibyl_SistineChapel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/LibyanSibyl_SistineChapel.jpg/330px-LibyanSibyl_SistineChapel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/LibyanSibyl_SistineChapel.jpg/440px-LibyanSibyl_SistineChapel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="938" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>'s <i>Libyan Sibyl</i>, <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a> <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">ceiling</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libyan_Sibyl">Libyan Sibyl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Libyan Sibyl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sibyl" title="Libyan Sibyl">Libyan Sibyl</a></div> <p>The so-called Libyan Sibyl was identified with prophetic priestesses presiding over the ancient <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>-<a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amon</a> (Zeus represented with the horns of Amon) <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">oracle</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Siwa_Oasis" title="Siwa Oasis">Siwa Oasis</a> in the Western Desert of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. The oracle here was consulted by Alexander after his conquest of Egypt. The mother of the Libyan Sibyl was <a href="/wiki/Lamia_(daughter_of_Poseidon)" title="Lamia (daughter of Poseidon)">Lamia</a>, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a>. <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> mentions the Libyan Sibyl in the prologue to his tragedy <i>Lamia</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persian_Sibyl">Persian Sibyl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Persian Sibyl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Persian_Sibyl" title="Persian Sibyl">Persian Sibyl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Sibyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew Sibyl">Hebrew Sibyl</a></div><p> The Persian Sibyl was said to be a prophetic priestess presiding over the <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollonian</a> <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">Oracle</a>; although her location remained vague enough so that she might be called the "Babylonian Sibyl", the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian</a> Sibyl is said to have foretold the exploits of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sambetheshadeth_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sambetheshadeth-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also named <i>Sambethe</i>, she was reported to be of the family of <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sambetheshadeth_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sambetheshadeth-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second-century AD traveller <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, pausing at <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> to enumerate four sibyls, mentions the "Hebrew Sibyl" who was</p><blockquote><p> brought up in Israel named Sabbe, whose father was Berosus and her mother Erymanthe. Some say she was a Babylonian, while others call her an Egyptian Sibyl.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>The medieval Byzantine encyclopedia, the <i><a href="/wiki/Suda" title="Suda">Suda</a></i>, credits the Hebrew Sibyl as author of the <a href="/wiki/Sibylline_oracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Sibylline oracles">Sibylline oracles</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phrygian_Sibyl">Phrygian Sibyl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Phrygian Sibyl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Phrygian_Sibyl" title="Phrygian Sibyl">Phrygian Sibyl</a></div> <p>The Phrygian Sibyl is most well known for being conflated with <a href="/wiki/Cassandra" title="Cassandra">Cassandra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam's</a> daughter in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Phrygian Sibyl appears to be a doublet of the Hellespontine Sibyl. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Samian_Sibyl">Samian Sibyl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Samian Sibyl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Samian_Sibyl" title="Samian Sibyl">Samian Sibyl</a></div> <p>The Samian sibyl's oracular site was at <a href="/wiki/Samos_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Samos Island">Samos</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tiburtine_Sibyl">Tiburtine Sibyl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Tiburtine Sibyl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tiburtine_Sibyl" title="Tiburtine Sibyl">Tiburtine Sibyl</a></div> <p>To the classical sibyls of the Greeks, the Romans added a tenth, the Tiburtine Sibyl, whose seat was the ancient <a href="/wiki/Sabins" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabins">Sabino</a>–<a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latin</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Tibur" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibur">Tibur</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Tivoli,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tivoli, Italy">Tivoli</a>). The mythic meeting of <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> with the Sibyl, of whom he inquired whether he should be worshiped as a god, was a favored <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/motif" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:motif">motif</a> of Christian artists. Whether the sibyl in question was the <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_Sibyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruscan Sibyl">Etruscan Sibyl</a> of Tibur or the <a href="/wiki/Cumaean_Sibyl" title="Cumaean Sibyl">Greek Sibyl</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cumae" title="Cumae">Cumae</a> is not always clear. The Christian author <a href="/wiki/Lactantius" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a> had no hesitation in identifying the sibyl in question as the Tiburtine Sibyl, nevertheless. He gave a circumstantial account of the pagan sibyls that is useful mostly as a guide to their identifications, as seen by fourth-century Christians: </p> <blockquote><p>The Tiburtine Sibyl, by name <i>Albunea</i>, is worshiped at Tibur as a goddess, near the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Anio_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Anio River">Anio</a>, in which stream her image is said to have been found, holding a book in her hand. Her <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">oracular</a> responses the Senate transferred into the capitol. (<i>Divine Institutes</i> I.vi) </p></blockquote> <p>An apocalyptic pseudo-prophecy exists, attributed to the Tiburtine Sibyl, written c. AD 380, but with revisions and interpolations added at later dates.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It purports to prophesy the advent of a final emperor named Constans, vanquishing the foes of Christianity, bringing about a period of great wealth and peace, ending paganism, and converting the Jews. After vanquishing <a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a>, the emperor is said to resign his crown to God. This would give way to the <a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a>. Ippolito d'Este rebuilt the <a href="/wiki/Villa_d%27Este" title="Villa d'Este">Villa d'Este</a> at Tibur, the modern <a href="/wiki/Tivoli,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tivoli, Italy">Tivoli</a>, from 1550 onward, and commissioned elaborate fresco murals in the Villa that celebrate the Tiburtine Sibyl, as prophesying the birth of Christ to the classical world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Renaissance_art_and_literature">In Renaissance art and literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In Renaissance art and literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 484px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 482px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Filippino_Lippi--Five_Sibyls--Samian,_Cumean,_Hellespontic,_Phrygian_and_Tiburtine_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Filippino Lippi, Five Sibyls Seated in Niches: the Samian, Cumean, Hellespontic, Phrygian and Tiburtine, c. 1465–1470, Christ Church, Oxford."><img alt="Filippino Lippi, Five Sibyls Seated in Niches: the Samian, Cumean, Hellespontic, Phrygian and Tiburtine, c. 1465–1470, Christ Church, Oxford." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Filippino_Lippi--Five_Sibyls--Samian%2C_Cumean%2C_Hellespontic%2C_Phrygian_and_Tiburtine_%28cropped%29.jpg/723px-Filippino_Lippi--Five_Sibyls--Samian%2C_Cumean%2C_Hellespontic%2C_Phrygian_and_Tiburtine_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="482" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Filippino_Lippi--Five_Sibyls--Samian%2C_Cumean%2C_Hellespontic%2C_Phrygian_and_Tiburtine_%28cropped%29.jpg/1085px-Filippino_Lippi--Five_Sibyls--Samian%2C_Cumean%2C_Hellespontic%2C_Phrygian_and_Tiburtine_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Filippino_Lippi--Five_Sibyls--Samian%2C_Cumean%2C_Hellespontic%2C_Phrygian_and_Tiburtine_%28cropped%29.jpg/1446px-Filippino_Lippi--Five_Sibyls--Samian%2C_Cumean%2C_Hellespontic%2C_Phrygian_and_Tiburtine_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3231" data-file-height="1475" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Filippino_Lippi" title="Filippino Lippi">Filippino Lippi</a>, <i>Five Sibyls Seated in Niches: the Samian, Cumean, Hellespontic, Phrygian and Tiburtine</i>, c. 1465–1470, <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church, Oxford</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a>, <i>sibylla</i> simply became the term for "prophetess". It became used commonly in Late Gothic and Renaissance art to depict female <i>Sibyllae</i> alongside male prophets. <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The number of sibyls so depicted could vary, sometimes they were twelve (See, for example, the <a href="/wiki/Apennine_Sibyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Apennine Sibyl">Apennine Sibyl</a>), sometimes ten, e.g. for <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais" title="François Rabelais">François Rabelais</a>, "How know we but that she may be an eleventh sibyl or a second Cassandra?" <i><a href="/wiki/Gargantua_and_Pantagruel" title="Gargantua and Pantagruel">Gargantua and Pantagruel</a></i>, iii. 16, noted in <i>Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable</i>, 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bacchiacca_-_Sibyl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bacchiacca_-_Sibyl.jpg/220px-Bacchiacca_-_Sibyl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bacchiacca_-_Sibyl.jpg/330px-Bacchiacca_-_Sibyl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bacchiacca_-_Sibyl.jpg/440px-Bacchiacca_-_Sibyl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2109" data-file-height="2687" /></a><figcaption><i>Sibyl</i> by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Bacchiacca" title="Francesco Bacchiacca">Francesco Ubertini</a>, c. 1525</figcaption></figure> <p>The best known depiction is that of <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a> who shows five sibyls in the frescoes of the <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">Sistine Chapel ceiling</a>; the Delphic Sibyl, Libyan Sibyl, Persian Sibyl, Cumaean Sibyl, and the Erythraean Sibyl. The library of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_II" title="Pope Julius II">Pope Julius II</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Vatican" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of the Vatican">Vatican</a> has images of sibyls and they are in the pavement of the <a href="/wiki/Duomo_di_Siena" class="mw-redirect" title="Duomo di Siena">Siena Cathedral</a>. The Basilica of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Aracoeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria in Aracoeli">Santa Maria in Aracoeli</a> crowning the <a href="/wiki/Campidoglio" class="mw-redirect" title="Campidoglio">Campidoglio</a>, Rome, is particularly associated with the Sibyl, because a medieval tradition referred the origin of its name to an otherwise unattested altar, <i>Ara Primogeniti Dei</i>, said to have been raised to the "firstborn of God" by the emperor Augustus, who had been warned of his advent by the sibylline books: in the church the figures of Augustus and of the Tiburtine Sibyl are painted on either side of the arch above the high altar. In the nineteenth century, <a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Lanciani" title="Rodolfo Lanciani">Rodolfo Lanciani</a> recalled that at Christmastime the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Presepio" class="mw-redirect" title="Presepio">presepio</a></i></span> included a carved and painted figure of the sibyl pointing out to Augustus the Virgin and Child, who appeared in the sky in a halo of light. "The two figures, carved in wood, have now [1896] disappeared; they were given away or sold thirty years ago, when a new set of images was offered to the Presepio by prince Alexander Torlonia." (Lanciani, 1896 ch 1) Like prophets, Renaissance sibyls forecasting the advent of Christ appear in monuments: modelled by <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_della_Porta" title="Giacomo della Porta">Giacomo della Porta</a> in the Santa Casa at <a href="/wiki/Loreto_(AN)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loreto (AN)">Loreto</a>, painted by Raphael in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Pace" title="Santa Maria della Pace">Santa Maria della Pace</a>, by Pinturicchio in the <a href="/wiki/Borgia_apartments" class="mw-redirect" title="Borgia apartments">Borgia apartments</a> of the Vatican, engraved by Baccio Baldini, a contemporary of Botticelli, and graffites by Matteo di Giovanni in the pavement of the Duomo of Siena. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> references the sibyls in his plays, including <i><a href="/wiki/Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Titus_Andronicus" title="Titus Andronicus">Titus Andronicus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice" title="The Merchant of Venice">The Merchant of Venice</a></i>, and especially <i><a href="/wiki/Troilus_and_Cressida" title="Troilus and Cressida">Troilus and Cressida</a></i>. In the latter, Shakespeare employed the common Renaissance comparison of <a href="/wiki/Cassandra" title="Cassandra">Cassandra</a> to a sibyl.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A collection of twelve <a href="/wiki/Motet" title="Motet">motets</a> by <a href="/wiki/Orlande_de_Lassus" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlande de Lassus">Orlande de Lassus</a> entitled <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Prophetiae_Sibyllarum" title="Prophetiae Sibyllarum">Prophetiae Sibyllarum</a></i></span> (pub. 1600) draw inspiration from the sibyl figures of antiquity. The work—for four voices a cappella—consists of a prologue and twelve prophecies, each once corresponding to an individual Sibyl. While the text speaks of the coming of Jesus Christ, the composer reflects the mystical aura of the prophecies by using <a href="/wiki/Chromaticism" title="Chromaticism">chromaticism</a> in an extreme manner, a compositional technique that became very fashionable at the time. It is possible that Lassus not only viewed Michelangelo's depictions, but also drew the chromatic manière from a number of Italian composers, who experimented at the time. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 488px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 486px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Filippino_Lippi--Five_Sibyls--Persian,_Libyan,_Delphic,_Cimmerian_and_Erythraean_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Filippino Lippi, Five Sibyls Seated in Niches: The Persian, Libyan, Delphic, Cimmerian and Erythraean, c. 1465–1470, Christ Church, Oxford."><img alt="Filippino Lippi, Five Sibyls Seated in Niches: The Persian, Libyan, Delphic, Cimmerian and Erythraean, c. 1465–1470, Christ Church, Oxford." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Filippino_Lippi--Five_Sibyls--Persian%2C_Libyan%2C_Delphic%2C_Cimmerian_and_Erythraean_%28cropped%29.jpg/729px-Filippino_Lippi--Five_Sibyls--Persian%2C_Libyan%2C_Delphic%2C_Cimmerian_and_Erythraean_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="486" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Filippino_Lippi--Five_Sibyls--Persian%2C_Libyan%2C_Delphic%2C_Cimmerian_and_Erythraean_%28cropped%29.jpg/1093px-Filippino_Lippi--Five_Sibyls--Persian%2C_Libyan%2C_Delphic%2C_Cimmerian_and_Erythraean_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Filippino_Lippi--Five_Sibyls--Persian%2C_Libyan%2C_Delphic%2C_Cimmerian_and_Erythraean_%28cropped%29.jpg/1457px-Filippino_Lippi--Five_Sibyls--Persian%2C_Libyan%2C_Delphic%2C_Cimmerian_and_Erythraean_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2524" data-file-height="1144" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Filippino_Lippi" title="Filippino Lippi">Filippino Lippi</a>, <i>Five Sibyls Seated in Niches: The Persian, Libyan, Delphic, Cimmerian and Erythraean, c. 1465–1470, <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church, Oxford</a>.</i></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sibylline_books">Sibylline books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sibylline books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sibylline_Books" title="Sibylline Books">Sibylline Books</a></div> <p>The sayings of sibyls and <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">oracles</a> were notoriously open to interpretation (compare <a href="/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus">Nostradamus</a>) and were constantly used for both civil and cult propaganda. These sayings and sibyls should not be confused with the extant sixth-century collection of <i><a href="/wiki/Sibylline_Oracles" title="Sibylline Oracles">Sibylline Oracles</a></i>, which typically predict disasters rather than prescribe solutions. </p><p>Some genuine Sibylline verses are preserved in the second-century <i>Book of Marvels</i> of <a href="/wiki/Phlegon_of_Tralles" title="Phlegon of Tralles">Phlegon of Tralles</a>. The oldest collection of written Sibylline Books appears to have been made about the time of <a href="/wiki/Solon" title="Solon">Solon</a> and Cyrus at <a href="/wiki/Gergis,_Troad" class="mw-redirect" title="Gergis, Troad">Gergis</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ida_(Turkey)" title="Mount Ida (Turkey)">Mount Ida</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Troad" title="Troad">Troad</a>. The sibyl, who was born near there, at Marpessus, and whose tomb was later marked by the temple of Apollo built upon the archaic site, appears on the coins of Gergis, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 400–350 BCE. (cf. Phlegon, quoted in the fifth-century geographical dictionary of <a href="/wiki/Stephanus_of_Byzantium" title="Stephanus of Byzantium">Stephanus of Byzantium</a>, under 'Gergis'). Other places claimed to have been her home. The sibylline collection at Gergis was attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Hellespontine_Sibyl" title="Hellespontine Sibyl">Hellespontine Sibyl</a> and was preserved in the temple of Apollo at Gergis. Thence it passed to <a href="/wiki/Erythrae" title="Erythrae">Erythrae</a>, where it became famous. It was this very collection, it would appear, which found its way to <a href="/wiki/Cumae" title="Cumae">Cumae</a> and from Cumae to Rome. Gergis, a city of <a href="/wiki/Dardanus_(city)" title="Dardanus (city)">Dardania</a> in the Troad, a settlement of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Teucer" title="Teucer">Teucri</a>, and, consequently, a town of very great antiquity.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gergis, according to <a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a>, was a place of much strength. It had a temple sacred to Apollo Gergithius, and was said to have given birth to the sibyl, who is sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Erythraean_Sibyl" title="Erythraean Sibyl"><i>Erythraea</i></a>, ‘from Erythrae,’ a small place on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ida_(Turkey)" title="Mount Ida (Turkey)">Mount Ida</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at others <i>Gergithia</i> ‘of Gergis’. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pythia" title="Pythia">Pythia</a>, the Oracle of Delphi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Sibyl" title="Temple of the Sibyl">Temple of the Sibyl</a>: 18th-century fanciful naming</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Bough_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Golden Bough (mythology)">The Golden Bough (mythology)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/sibyls">"Sibyls"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia.com</i>. Accessed 6 January 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/">Sibyl</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Accessed 6 January 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burkert 1985 p. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pausanias_10.12.1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pausanias_10.12.1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pausanias_10.12.1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pausanias 10.12.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-Sibyl" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=Sibyl">"Sibyl"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sibyl&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3DSibyl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASibyl" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=sibyl">"sibyl"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=sibyl&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dsibyl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASibyl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tim Denecker, <i>Ideas on Language in Early Latin Christianity</i> (2017), p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. Frisk, <i>Griechische eymologisches Wörterbuch</i>, vol. 2, p. 700; Chantraine, <i>Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque</i>, 2009, p. 966.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Rheinisches Museum" 1 (<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="Need the year this event took place (December 2021)">year needed</span></a></i>]</sup>), 110ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger1901–1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isidore_Singer" title="Isidore Singer">Singer, Isidore</a>; et al., eds. (1901–1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13629-sibyl">"Sibyl"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sibyl&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1901%2F1906&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F13629-sibyl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASibyl" class="Z3988"></span> "Since Lactantius expressly says (l.c. ["Divinarum Institutionum," i. 6]) that the sibyl is a native of Babylon, the name is probably Semitic in origin. The word may be resolved into the two components "sib" + "il," thus denoting "the ancient of god" (Krauss, in 'Byzantinische Zeit.' xi. 122)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heraclitus, fragment 92, ed. Charles H. Kahn, (1981), p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burkert 1985, p. 116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pausanias-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pausanias_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pausanias_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See Pausanias, <i>Description of Greece</i>, x.12 edited with commentary and translated by Sir <a href="/wiki/James_Frazer" class="mw-redirect" title="James Frazer">James Frazer</a>, 1913 edition. Cf. v. 5, p. 288. Also see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+10.12.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias, 10.12.1</a> at the Perseus Project.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frazer quotes Ernst Maass, <i>De Sibyllarum Indicibus</i> (Berlin, 1879).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heraclides Ponticus, <i>On Oracles</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/James_Frazer" class="mw-redirect" title="James Frazer">Frazer, James</a>, translation and commentary on Pausanias, <i>Description of Greece</i>, v. 5, p. 288, commentary and notes on Book X, Ch. 12, line 1, "Herophile surnamed Sibyl": <blockquote><p>Prof. E. Maass (op cit., p.56) holds that two only of the Greek sibyls were historical, namely Herophile of Erythrae and Phyto of Samos; the former he thinks lived in the eighth century BC, the latter somewhat later</p></blockquote> <p>Frazer goes on: </p> <blockquote><p>At first, the Greeks seemed to have known only one sibyl. (Heraclitus, cited by Plutarch,<i> De Pythiae Oraculis </i>6; Aristophanes, <i>Peace </i>1095, 1116; Plato, <i>Phaedrus</i>, p. 244b). The first writer who is known to have distinguished several sibyls is Heraclides Ponticus in his book <i>On Oracles</i>, in which he appears to have enumerated at least three, namely the Phrygian, the Erythraean, and the Hellespontine.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Stone Potter, <i>Prophecy and history in the crisis of the Roman Empire: a historical commentary on the Thirteenth Sibylline Oracle</i>, Cf. Chapter 3, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pelikan, Jaroslav Jan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lFKhtOt1qK0C"><i>The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine</i></a>, University of Chicago Press, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-65371-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-65371-4">0-226-65371-4</a>. Cf. p. 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kiefer, Frederick, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wekDP160ZKIC"><i>Writing on the Renaissance Stage: Written Words, Printed Pages, Metaphoric Books</i></a>, University of Delaware Press, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87413-595-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87413-595-8">0-87413-595-8</a>. Cf. p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eliot, T. S.; Rainey, Lawrence S., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/annotatedwastela0000elio"><i>The Annotated Waste Land with Eliot's Contemporary Prose: Second Edition</i></a>, Yale University Press, 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-11994-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-11994-1">0-300-11994-1</a>. Cf. p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowden, Hugh, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/classicalathensd0000bowd"><i>Classical Athens and the Delphic Oracle. Divination and Democracy</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-53081-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-53081-4">0-521-53081-4</a>. Cf. p. 14. "They may learn about the mysterious Delphic Sibyl, a mythical prophetess unrelated to the traditions of the oracle itself."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sambetheshadeth-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sambetheshadeth_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sambetheshadeth_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/sib/sib15.htm">Fragments of the Sibylline Oracles</a>. sacred-texts.com. Retrieved on June 20, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pausanias, x.12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParke1988" class="citation book cs1">Parke, Herbert William (January 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QL0OAAAAQAAJ&q=sabbe+sibyl&pg=PA41"><i>Sibyls and sibylline prophecy in classical antiquity, Herbert William Parke</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415003438" title="Special:BookSources/9780415003438"><bdi>9780415003438</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sibyls+and+sibylline+prophecy+in+classical+antiquity%2C+Herbert+William+Parke&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1988-01&rft.isbn=9780415003438&rft.aulast=Parke&rft.aufirst=Herbert+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQL0OAAAAQAAJ%26q%3Dsabbe%2Bsibyl%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASibyl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2001" class="citation book cs1">Collins, John Joseph (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M8s3cp97b-AC&q=sabbe+sibyl&pg=PA185"><i>Seers, sibyls, and sages in Hellenistic-Roman Judaism, John Joseph Collins</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780391041103" title="Special:BookSources/9780391041103"><bdi>9780391041103</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seers%2C+sibyls%2C+and+sages+in+Hellenistic-Roman+Judaism%2C+John+Joseph+Collins&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780391041103&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=John+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM8s3cp97b-AC%26q%3Dsabbe%2Bsibyl%26pg%3DPA185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASibyl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuidacci1992" class="citation book cs1">Guidacci, Margaret (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I-xNZi88FUQC&pg=PA121"><i>Landscape with Ruins: Selected Poetry of Margherita Guidacci</i></a>. Wayne State University Press. p. 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0814323529" title="Special:BookSources/0814323529"><bdi>0814323529</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Landscape+with+Ruins%3A+Selected+Poetry+of+Margherita+Guidacci&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0814323529&rft.aulast=Guidacci&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI-xNZi88FUQC%26pg%3DPA121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASibyl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carleton.ca/~jopp/3850/1-1.htm">The Latin Tiburtine Sibyl</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050407215602/http://www.carleton.ca/~jopp/3850/1-1.htm">Archived</a> 2005-04-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. History 3850 Readings. Retrieved on June 20, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See e.g. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050329184954/http://www.lancs.ac.uk/depts/english/courses/214/sibyls/sibyls.htm">"Sibyls"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_University" title="Lancaster University">Lancaster University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lancs.ac.uk/depts/english/courses/214/sibyls/sibyls.htm">the original</a> on 2005-03-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sibyls&rft.pub=Lancaster+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lancs.ac.uk%2Fdepts%2Fenglish%2Fcourses%2F214%2Fsibyls%2Fsibyls.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASibyl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bootlegbooks.com/Reference/PhraseAndFable/data/1137.html"><i>Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable</i>, 1897</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050405195944/http://www.bootlegbooks.com/Reference/PhraseAndFable/data/1137.html">Archived</a> 2005-04-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalay2010" class="citation book cs1">Malay, Jessica (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N48vCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA115"><i>Prophecy and Sibylline Imagery in the Renaissance: Shakespeare's Sibyls</i></a>. routledge. pp. 115–120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136961076" title="Special:BookSources/9781136961076"><bdi>9781136961076</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prophecy+and+Sibylline+Imagery+in+the+Renaissance%3A+Shakespeare%27s+Sibyls&rft.pages=115-120&rft.pub=routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781136961076&rft.aulast=Malay&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN48vCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASibyl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herodotus iv: 122</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus" title="Dionysius of Halicarnassus">Dionysius of Halicarnassus</a> i. 55</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Beyer, Jürgen, 'Sibyllen', "Enzyklopädie des Märchens. Handwörterbuch zur historischen und vergleichenden Erzählforschung", vol. 12 (Berlin & New York, Walter de Gruyter 2007), coll. 625–30</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Bouch%C3%A9-Leclercq" title="Auguste Bouché-Leclercq">Bouché-Leclercq, Auguste</a>, <i>Histoire de la divination dans l'Antiquité</i>, I–IV volumes, Paris, 1879–1882.</li> <li>Broad, William J., <i>The Oracle: the Lost Secrets and Hidden Message of Ancient Delphi</i> (Penguin Press, 2006).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert">Burkert, Walter</a>, <i>Greek Religion</i> (Harvard University Press, 1985) esp. pp. 116–18.</li> <li>Delcourt, M. <i>L'oracle de Delphes</i>, 1955.</li> <li><i>Encyclopædia Britannica,</i> 1911.</li> <li>Fischer, Jens, <i>Folia ventis turbata – Sibyllinische Orakel und der Gott Apollon zwischen später Republik und augusteischem Principat (Studien zur Alten Geschichte 33)</i>, Göttingen 2022.</li> <li>Fox, Robin Lane, <i>Alexander the Great</i> 1973. Chapter 14 gives the best modern account of Alexander's visit to the oasis at Siwah, with some background material on the Greek conception of Sibyls.</li> <li>Goodrich, Norma Lorre, <i>Priestesses</i>, 1990.</li> <li>Hale, John R. and others (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciam.com/print_version.cfm?articleID=0009BD34-398C-1F0A-97AE80A84189EEDF">Questioning the Delphic Oracle</a>. Retrieved Jan. 7, 2005.</li> <li>Hindrew, Vivian, <i>The Sibyls: The First Prophetess of Mami (Wata)</i> MWHS, 2007</li> <li>Jeanmaire, H. <i>La Sibylle et la retour de l'âge d'or</i>, 1939.</li> <li>Lanciani, Rofolfo, <i>Pagan and Christian Rome,</i> 1896, ch. 1 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANPAC/1*.html">on-line</a></li> <li>Lactantius, <i>Divine Institutions</i> Book I, ch. vi <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/ANF-07/anf07-04.htm#P192_35160">(e-text, in English)</a></li> <li>Maass, E., <i>De Sibyllarum Indicibus</i>, Berlin, 1879.</li> <li>Parke, Herbert William, <i>History of the Delphic Oracle</i>, 1939.</li> <li>Parke, Herbert William, <i>Sibyls and Sibylline Prophecy</i>, 1988.</li> <li>Pausanias, <i>Description of Greece</i>, ed. and translated by <a href="/wiki/James_Frazer" class="mw-redirect" title="James Frazer">Sir James Frazer</a>, 1913 edition. Cf. v. 5</li> <li>Peck, Harry Thurston, <i>Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquity</i>, 1898. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999%2e04%2e0062&query=id%3dsibyllae#id,sibyllae">[1]</a></li> <li>Pitt-Kethley, Fiona, <i>Journeys to the Underworld</i>, 1988</li> <li>Potter, David Stone, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090213120221/http://www.umich.edu/~classics/directories/faculty.html#Potter">[2]</a>, <i>Prophecy and history in the crisis of the Roman Empire: a historical commentary on the Thirteenth Sibylline Oracle</i>, 1990. Cf. Chapter 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1991/02.04.14.html">review of book</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990427103733/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1991/02.04.14.html">Archived</a> 1999-04-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Potter, David Stone, <i>Prophets and Emperors. Human and Divine Authority from Augustus to Theodosius</i>, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1999/1999-03-11.html">review of book</a></li> <li>Reyniers, Jeroen, <i>The Iconography of Emperor Augustus with the Tiburtine Sibyl in the Low Countries. An Overview</i>, in: Marco Cavalieri, Pierre Assenmaker, Mattia Cavagna, David Engels (ed.), Augustus Through the Ages: Receptions, Readings and Appropriations of the Historical Figure of the First Roman Emperor, Collection Latomus, Brussels, 2022, p. 209-236. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.academia.edu/66692493/The_Iconography_of_Emperor_Augustus_with_the_Tiburtine_Sibyl_in_the_Low_Countries_An_Overview">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</a></i>, 1870, article on Sibylla, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060824065619/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3147.html">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Litchfield_West" title="Martin Litchfield West">West, Martin Litchfield</a>, <i>The Orphic Poems</i>, Oxford, 1983.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sibyls" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sibyls">Sibyls</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Sibyls" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Sibyls">Sibyls</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classic_sibyls">Classic sibyls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Classic sibyls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/19990209155138/http://plato.evansville.edu/public/burnet/ch3.htm">John Burnet <i>Early Greek Philosophy</i>, 63., 64. brief analysis, 65. the fragments</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=680&letter=S&search=sibyl"><i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i></a>: Sibyl.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classicalacarte.net/Fiches/9806.htm">El Cant de la Sibil-la / Mallorca / València (1400–1560) – Montserrat Figueras, Jordi Savall – La Capella Reial de Catalunya – Alia Vox 9806</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classicalacarte.net/Fiches/9879.htm">El Cant de la Sibil-la / Catalunya – Montserrat Figueras, Jordi Savall – La Capella Reial de Catalunya – Alia Vox AVSA9879</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deadcandance.com/main/albums/aion-1990/">The Song of the Sybil – Track 4 – 3:45 – Aion (1990) – Dead Can Dance</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151027083345/http://www.deadcandance.com/main/albums/aion-1990/">Archived</a> 2015-10-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_Christianizing_sibyls">Medieval Christianizing sibyls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Medieval Christianizing sibyls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050329184954/http://www.lancs.ac.uk/depts/english/courses/214/sibyls/sibyls.htm">Late Gothic illustrations of twelve sibyls</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_sibyl_imagery">Modern sibyl imagery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Modern sibyl imagery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090716151632/http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth01K23Q441812620571">A sardonic sequence of 'Twelve Sibyls', accompanied by the artist Leonard Baskin's woodcuts, revisits Sibyls and Others (1980)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Fainlight" title="Ruth Fainlight">Ruth Fainlight</a> has written dozens of poems about these ambiguous figures, bridging religion, classical and Biblical settings, femininity and modernity. One of them concludes: 'I am no more conscious of the prophecies / than I can understand the language of birds /…let the simple folk praise you, / keep you safe as a caged bird, / and call you a sibyl'.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albanianliterature.com/html/authors/poetry/bogdani.html">Pjetër Bogdani, "The Songs of the Ten Sibyls"</a> modern poetry, translated from Albanian</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theotherpages.org/poems/eliot01.html">T.S. Eliot's <i>The Waste Land</i></a> is prefaced by a quote from Petronius' <i>Satyricon</i> (1st century AD) The passage translates roughly as "I saw with my own eyes the Sibyl at Cumae hanging in a jar, and when the boys said to her 'Sibyl, what do you want?' that one replied 'I want to die'.</li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bl1231.als.lbl.gov">SIBYLS</a> beamline at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-als.lbl.gov">Advanced Light Source</a> in Berkeley, CA.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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