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</div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button 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id="toc-一般规则-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-取代基的顺序规则" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#取代基的顺序规则"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>取代基的顺序规则</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-取代基的顺序规则-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主链或主环系的选取" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主链或主环系的选取"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>主链或主环系的选取</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主链或主环系的选取-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-数词" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#数词"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>数词</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-数词-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-各类化合物的具体规则" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各类化合物的具体规则"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>各类化合物的具体规则</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-各类化合物的具体规则-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关各类化合物的具体规则子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-各类化合物的具体规则-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-烷烃_（CnH2n+2）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#烷烃_（CnH2n+2）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>烷烃（C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub>）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-烷烃_（CnH2n+2）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-烯烃_（CnH2n）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#烯烃_（CnH2n）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>烯烃（C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n</sub>）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-烯烃_（CnH2n）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-炔烃_（CnH2n-2）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#炔烃_（CnH2n-2）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>炔烃（C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n-2</sub>）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-炔烃_（CnH2n-2）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-卤代烃·醚" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#卤代烃·醚"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>卤代烃·醚</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-卤代烃·醚-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-醇_（CnH2n+1OH）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#醇_（CnH2n+1OH）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>醇（C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>OH）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-醇_（CnH2n+1OH）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-醛_（CnH2n+1CHO）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#醛_（CnH2n+1CHO）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>醛（C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>CHO）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-醛_（CnH2n+1CHO）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-酮_(CnH2n+1COCn'H2n'+1)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#酮_(CnH2n+1COCn'H2n'+1)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>酮 (C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>COC<sub>n'</sub>H<sub>2n'+1</sub>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-酮_(CnH2n+1COCn'H2n'+1)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-羧酸_（CnH2n+1COOH）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#羧酸_（CnH2n+1COOH）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>羧酸（C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>COOH）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-羧酸_（CnH2n+1COOH）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-羧酸酐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#羧酸酐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>羧酸酐</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-羧酸酐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-酯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#酯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>酯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-酯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-胺类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#胺类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>胺类</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-胺类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-脂环烃类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#脂环烃类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>脂环烃类</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-脂环烃类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-芳香族化合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#芳香族化合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13</span> <span>芳香族化合物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-芳香族化合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-杂环化合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#杂环化合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.14</span> <span>杂环化合物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-杂环化合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">IUPAC有机物命名法</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。33种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiese_nomenklatuur" title="Organiese nomenklatuur – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Organiese nomenklatuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_quimica_d%27os_compuestos_organicos" title="Nomenclatura quimica d'os compuestos organicos – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nomenclatura quimica d'os compuestos organicos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="تسمية نظامية للمركبات العضوية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تسمية نظامية للمركبات العضوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="ইউপ্যাক পদ্ধতিতে জৈব রসায়নের নামকরণ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইউপ্যাক পদ্ধতিতে জৈব রসায়নের নামকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_org%C3%A0nica" title="Nomenclatura orgànica – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nomenclatura orgànica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1zvoslov%C3%AD_organick%C3%BDch_slou%C4%8Denin" title="Názvosloví organických sloučenin – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Názvosloví organických sloučenin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Ονοματολογία οργανικών ενώσεων – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ονοματολογία οργανικών ενώσεων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_qu%C3%ADmica_de_los_compuestos_org%C3%A1nicos" title="Nomenclatura química de los compuestos orgánicos – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nomenclatura química de los compuestos orgánicos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgaaniliste_%C3%BChendite_s%C3%BCstemaatiline_nomenklatuur" title="Orgaaniliste ühendite süstemaatiline nomenklatuur – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Orgaaniliste ühendite süstemaatiline nomenklatuur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konposatu_organikoen_nomenklatura" title="Konposatu organikoen nomenklatura – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Konposatu organikoen nomenklatura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC:n_orgaanisten_yhdisteiden_nime%C3%A4misk%C3%A4yt%C3%A4nt%C3%B6" title="IUPAC:n orgaanisten yhdisteiden nimeämiskäytäntö – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="IUPAC:n orgaanisten yhdisteiden nimeämiskäytäntö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclature_des_compos%C3%A9s_organiques" title="Nomenclature des composés organiques – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nomenclature des composés organiques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3il%C3%ADn%C3%AD_org%C3%A1nacha_a_ainmni%C3%BA" title="Móilíní orgánacha a ainmniú – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Móilíní orgánacha a ainmniú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_qu%C3%ADmica_dos_compostos_org%C3%A1nicos" title="Nomenclatura química dos compostos orgánicos – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nomenclatura química dos compostos orgánicos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="कार्बनिक रसायनों की आईयूपीएसी नामपद्धति – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्बनिक रसायनों की आईयूपीएसी नामपद्धति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC-ova_nomenklatura_organske_kemije" title="IUPAC-ova nomenklatura organske kemije – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="IUPAC-ova nomenklatura organske kemije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szerves_k%C3%A9miai_n%C3%B3menklat%C3%BAra" title="Szerves kémiai nómenklatúra – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szerves kémiai nómenklatúra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_nama_organik" title="Tata nama organik – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tata nama organik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_IUPAC_dei_composti_organici" title="Nomenclatura IUPAC dei composti organici – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nomenclatura IUPAC dei composti organici" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EA%B8%B0%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_IUPAC_%EB%AA%85%EB%AA%85%EB%B2%95" title="유기화학의 IUPAC 명명법 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유기화학의 IUPAC 명명법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locant" title="Locant – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Locant" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_IUPAC_de_compostos_org%C3%A2nicos" title="Nomenclatura IUPAC de compostos orgânicos – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nomenclatura IUPAC de compostos orgânicos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_IUPAC_a_compu%C8%99ilor_organici" title="Nomenclatura IUPAC a compușilor organici – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nomenclatura IUPAC a compușilor organici" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%AE%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%9A" title="Номенклатура органических соединений ИЮПАК – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Номенклатура органических соединений ИЮПАК" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenklatura_organskih_jedinjenja" title="IUPAC nomenklatura organskih jedinjenja – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="IUPAC nomenklatura organskih jedinjenja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenklat%C3%BAra_IUPAC_pre_organick%C3%BA_ch%C3%A9miu" title="Nomenklatúra IUPAC pre organickú chémiu – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nomenklatúra IUPAC pre organickú chémiu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenklatura_organske_kemije_IUPAC" title="Nomenklatura organske kemije IUPAC – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nomenklatura organske kemije IUPAC" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenklatura_IUPAC_e_kimis%C3%AB_organike" title="Nomenklatura IUPAC e kimisë organike – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nomenklatura IUPAC e kimisë organike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B0" title="IUPAC номенклатура органских једињења – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="IUPAC номенклатура органских једињења" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கரிமப் பொருட்களைப் பெயரிடுதல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கரிமப் பொருட்களைப் பெயரிடுதல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenklatura_katetek_org%C3%A1niku_sira-nian_hosi_IUPAC" title="Nomenklatura katetek orgániku sira-nian hosi IUPAC – 德顿语" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Nomenklatura katetek orgániku sira-nian hosi IUPAC" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="德顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%86%D0%AE%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%9A" title="Номенклатура органічних сполук ІЮПАК – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Номенклатура органічних сполук ІЮПАК" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192475#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button 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data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-3f822e7b" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Lifesciences"></div></div></div> <p><b>IUPAC有机物命名法</b>是一种有系统命名<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机化合物">有机化合物</a>的方法。该命名法是由<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B4%94%E7%B2%B9%E8%88%87%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="國際純粹與應用化學聯合會">國際純粹與應用化學聯合會</a>（IUPAC）规定的，最近一次修订是在1993年。其前身是1892年日内瓦国际化学会的“系统命名法”。最理想的情況是，每一種有清楚的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%BC%8F" title="结构式">结构式</a>的有機化合物都可以用一個确定的名称來描述它。它其实并不是严格的系统命名法，因为它同时接受一些物质和基团的惯用普通命名。 </p><p>中文的系统命名法是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-disambig" title="中国化学会">中國化學會</a>於1932年在英文IUPAC命名法的基礎上，结合<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>之特點所訂定之《化學命名原則》，於1944年再版發行，並於日後數次修訂再版。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>现行版为2017版。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="一般规则"><span id=".E4.B8.80.E8.88.AC.E8.A7.84.E5.88.99"></span>一般规则</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：一般规则"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="取代基的顺序规则"><span id=".E5.8F.96.E4.BB.A3.E5.9F.BA.E7.9A.84.E9.A1.BA.E5.BA.8F.E8.A7.84.E5.88.99"></span>取代基的顺序规则</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：取代基的顺序规则"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>当主链上有多种取代基时，由顺序规则决定名称中基团的先后顺序。一般的规则是： </p> <ol><li>比较主链碳原子上所连各支链、取代基的第一个原子的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B0" title="原子序数">原子序数</a>的大小（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a>按相对原子质量的大小），原子序数较大者为“较优”基团。序数越大，顺序越高。註：通常情况下，序数越大，<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="相对原子质量">相对原子质量</a>也越大。故也可比较相对原子质量。例如:<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {I>Br>Cl>F>O>N>C}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>I</mtext> <mo>></mo> <mtext>Br</mtext> <mo>></mo> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mo>></mo> <mtext>F</mtext> <mo>></mo> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo>></mo> <mtext>N</mtext> <mo>></mo> <mtext>C</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {I>Br>Cl>F>O>N>C}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/317adf401cddcc2721f2bd8ddf1c3beb2f3192ab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:31.06ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {I>Br>Cl>F>O>N>C}}}"></span></li> <li>如果第一个原子相同，那么比较它们第一个原子上连接的原子的顺序；如有双键或三键，则视为连接了2或3个相同的原子。</li></ol> <p>以次序最高的官能团作为主要官能团，命名时放在最后。其他官能团，命名时顺序越高名称越靠前。例如:<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {-CH2Br>CH3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>Br</mtext> <mo>></mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {-CH2Br>CH3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/85d6dd6f7c48fd687790053af88bc5d5ae6c1b3f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:16.415ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {-CH2Br>CH3}}}"></span> </p><p>这两个基团的第一个原子相同（均为C原子）,则比较C原子上所连的原子，分别是Br,H,H(按原子序数由大到小排列)与H,H,H，因为Br>H,所以-CH<sub>2</sub>Br>-CH<sub>3</sub>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="主链或主环系的选取"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E9.93.BE.E6.88.96.E4.B8.BB.E7.8E.AF.E7.B3.BB.E7.9A.84.E9.80.89.E5.8F.96"></span>主链或主环系的选取</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：主链或主环系的选取"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以含有主要官能团的最长碳链作为主链，靠近该官能团的一端标为1号碳。 </p><p>如果化合物的核心是一个环（系），那么该环系看作母体；除苯环以外，各个环系按照自己的规则确定1号碳，但同时要保证取代基的位置号最小。 </p><p>支链中与主链相连的一个碳原子标为1号碳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="数词"><span id=".E6.95.B0.E8.AF.8D"></span>数词</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：数词"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>位置号用阿拉伯数字表示。</li> <li>官能团的数目用汉字数字表示。</li> <li>碳链上碳原子的数目，10以内用<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B9%B2" title="天干">天干</a>表示，10以外用汉字数字表示。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各类化合物的具体规则"><span id=".E5.90.84.E7.B1.BB.E5.8C.96.E5.90.88.E7.89.A9.E7.9A.84.E5.85.B7.E4.BD.93.E8.A7.84.E5.88.99"></span>各类化合物的具体规则</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：各类化合物的具体规则"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95A%E9%83%A8" class="extiw" title="v:IUPAC有機物命名法A部">v:IUPAC有機物命名法A部</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="烷烃_（CnH2n+2）"><span id=".E7.83.B7.E7.83.83_.EF.BC.88CnH2n.2B2.EF.BC.89"></span><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%B7%E7%83%83" title="烷烃">烷烃</a> （C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub>）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：烷烃（CnH2n+2）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>找出最長的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a>鏈當主鏈，依碳數命名主鏈，前十個以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B9%B2" title="天干">天干</a>（甲、乙、丙...）代表碳數，碳數多於十個時，以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="中文">中文</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="數字">數字</a>命名，如：十一烷。</li> <li>從最近的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%96%E4%BB%A3%E5%9F%BA" title="取代基">取代基</a>位置編號：1、2、3...（使取代基的位置數字越小越好，多取代基注意检验第一数字是否最小）。以數字代表取代基的位置。數字與中文數字之間以 “-”（不含引號）隔開。</li> <li>有多個取代基時，以取代基數字最小且最長的碳鏈當主鏈，並依甲基、乙基、丙基的順序列出所有取代基。</li> <li>有兩個以上的取代基相同時，在取代基前面加入中文數字：一、二、三...，如：二甲基，其位置以“,”（不含引號）隔開，一起列於取代基前面。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="烯烃_（CnH2n）"><span id=".E7.83.AF.E7.83.83_.EF.BC.88CnH2n.EF.BC.89"></span><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AF%E7%83%83" title="烯烃">烯烃</a> （C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n</sub>）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：烯烃（CnH2n）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>命名方式与烷烃类似，但以含有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E9%94%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="双键">双键</a>的最长链当做主链。</li> <li>以最靠近雙鍵的碳開始編號，分別標示取代基和雙鍵的位置。</li> <li>若分子中出現二次或以上的雙鍵，則以“二烯”或“三烯”命名。</li> <li>烯類的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E6%9E%84%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="异构体">异构体</a>中常出現<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E5%8F%8D%E5%BC%82%E6%9E%84" title="顺反异构">顺反异构</a>体，故須註明“順”或“反”，或使用<a href="/wiki/E/Z%E6%A0%87%E8%AE%B0" title="E/Z标记">E/Z标记</a>。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="炔烃_（CnH2n-2）"><span id=".E7.82.94.E7.83.83_.EF.BC.88CnH2n-2.EF.BC.89"></span><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%94%E7%83%83" title="炔烃">炔烃</a> （C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n-2</sub>）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：炔烃（CnH2n-2）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>命名方式與烯類類似，但以含有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%81%E9%94%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="叁键">叁键</a>的最長链當作主鏈。</li> <li>以最靠近叁键的碳開始編號，分別標示取代基和叁键的位置。</li> <li>炔類沒有順反異構物但常溫下八元環以上的環炔可穩定存在。</li> <li>分子中既有双键又有三键时，名字以烯先炔后，分别标注位置号，碳数写在“烯”前面。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="卤代烃·醚"><span id=".E5.8D.A4.E4.BB.A3.E7.83.83.C2.B7.E9.86.9A"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E4%BB%A3%E7%83%83" class="mw-redirect" title="卤代烃">卤代烃</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%9A" title="醚">醚</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：卤代烃·醚"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="卤素">卤</a>代烃命名以相应烃作为母体，卤原子作为取代基。</li> <li>如有碳链取代基，根据顺序规则碳链要写在卤原子的後面；如有多种卤原子，列出次序为<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">碘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">溴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">氯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">氟</a>。</li> <li>醚的命名以碳链较长的一端为母体，另一端和氧原子合起来作为取代基，称烃氧基。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="醇_（CnH2n+1OH）"><span id=".E9.86.87_.EF.BC.88CnH2n.2B1OH.EF.BC.89"></span><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%87" title="醇">醇</a> （C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>OH）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：醇（CnH2n+1OH）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>醇的命名，以含有醇羟基的最长碳链为主链；</li> <li>由这条链上的碳数决定叫某醇，编号时让醇羟基的位置号尽量小；</li> <li>其他基团按取代基处理。</li> <li>主链上有多个醇羟基时，可以按羟基的数目分别称为二醇、三醇等。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="醛_（CnH2n+1CHO）"><span id=".E9.86.9B_.EF.BC.88CnH2n.2B1CHO.EF.BC.89"></span><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%9B" title="醛">醛</a> （C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>CHO）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：醛（CnH2n+1CHO）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>醛的命名，以含有醛基的最长的碳链为主链，其他部分作为取代基；</li> <li>决定名称的碳数包括醛基的一个碳。</li> <li>如果有多个醛基，则以含有2个醛基的最长碳链为主链，称二醛。</li> <li>醛基作取代基时称甲酰基（或氧代）。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="酮_(CnH2n+1COCn'H2n'+1)"><span id=".E9.85.AE_.28CnH2n.2B1COCn.27H2n.27.2B1.29"></span><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%AE" title="酮">酮</a> (C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>COC<sub>n'</sub>H<sub>2n'+1</sub>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：酮 (CnH2n+1COCn'H2n'+1)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>以含有酮羰基最长的碳链为主链，按此链上的碳数（包括该羰基）称为“某酮”；并把羰基的位置号标在前面，尽量使位置号最小。</li> <li>如果主链上有多个羰基，可称为二酮、三酮等。</li> <li>羰基作取代基时称“氧代”。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="羧酸_（CnH2n+1COOH）"><span id=".E7.BE.A7.E9.85.B8_.EF.BC.88CnH2n.2B1COOH.EF.BC.89"></span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A7%E9%85%B8" title="羧酸">羧酸</a> （C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>COOH）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：羧酸（CnH2n+1COOH）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>以含有羧基的最长碳链为主链，依照碳数（包括羧基）称为某酸。</li> <li>主链上有2个羧基时，称为二酸。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="羧酸酐"><span id=".E7.BE.A7.E9.85.B8.E9.85.90"></span>羧<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%85%90" title="酸酐">酸酐</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：羧酸酐"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>以形成酸酐的酸的名称称呼酸酐，再加“酐”字。<i><br />（如：</i><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3CO-O-CO-C2H5}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3CO-O-CO-C2H5}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0c89194f45ec3e229bede86bdb2851221b54a660" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:24.21ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3CO-O-CO-C2H5}}}"></span><i>——乙酸丙酸酐）</i></li> <li>若形成酸酐的两分子酸相同，直接称为“某酸酐”。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="酯"><span id=".E9.85.AF"></span><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%AF" title="酯">酯</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：酯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>以形成酯的酸和醇的名称命名，称为某酸某（醇）酯或某醇某酸酯。</li> <li>若有多个醇或酸分子参与成酯，那么要在相应的醇或酸前面加上数目。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="胺类"><span id=".E8.83.BA.E7.B1.BB"></span><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BA%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="胺类">胺类</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：胺类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>以与氮原子相连的最长碳链为主链，按照该链上的碳原子数称为“某胺”；</li> <li>若是亚胺，氮原子上的较短烃基视作取代基，命名时称“N-某基”（N表示取代基连在氮上）</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="脂环烃类"><span id=".E8.84.82.E7.8E.AF.E7.83.83.E7.B1.BB"></span>脂环烃类</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：脂环烃类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>单脂环烃</dt></dl> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E7%83%B7%E7%83%83" title="环烷烃">环烷烃</a>的命名与烷烃类似，直接在烷類前面加“環”字即可。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E7%83%AF%E7%83%83" title="环烯烃">环烯烃</a>的命名与烯烃类似，編號由雙鍵先設定為 1 , 2 號碳。</li></ol> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%A5%E7%8E%AF%E7%83%B7%E7%83%83" class="mw-redirect" title="桥环烷烃">桥环烷烃</a></dt></dl> <ol><li>桥环烷烃中，多个环公用的碳原子称为桥头碳；</li> <li>给碳原子编号，从一个桥头碳原子开始，依照环由大到小顺序编完所有的碳原子；</li> <li>命名时，先称环的个数，然后在中括号里标明各个环上桥头碳之间的碳原子的个数，数字之间用点分隔，数字的个数总比环数多一个；</li> <li>最后，按照环系上碳原子的个数，称为“某烷”。</li></ol> <p><i>如：<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bicyclo(3.2.0)heptane.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bicyclo%283.2.0%29heptane.svg/120px-Bicyclo%283.2.0%29heptane.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bicyclo%283.2.0%29heptane.svg/180px-Bicyclo%283.2.0%29heptane.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bicyclo%283.2.0%29heptane.svg/240px-Bicyclo%283.2.0%29heptane.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="90" /></a></span><br />称为二环[3.2.0]庚烷。</i> </p> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E7%8E%AF%E7%83%B7%E7%83%83" class="mw-redirect" title="螺环烷烃">螺环烷烃</a></dt></dl> <ol><li>螺环烷烃中，两个环公用的一个四级碳原子称为螺原子；</li> <li>编号从小环开始，1号碳是紧挨螺原子的一个碳原子；</li> <li>命名时，先称“螺”字，然后在中括号里标明各个环上非螺原子的个数，数字之间用点分隔；</li> <li>最后，按照环系上碳原子的个数，称为“某烷”。</li></ol> <p><i>如：<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spiro(3.5)nonane.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Spiro%283.5%29nonane.svg/150px-Spiro%283.5%29nonane.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Spiro%283.5%29nonane.svg/225px-Spiro%283.5%29nonane.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Spiro%283.5%29nonane.svg/300px-Spiro%283.5%29nonane.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="95" /></a></span><br />称为螺[3.5]壬烷。</i> </p> <dl><dt>多环烯、炔烃</dt></dl> <ol><li>按照多环烷烃的规则命名，编号时尽量使重键的位置号最小，再把“烷”字换成“烯”或“炔”即可。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="芳香族化合物"><span id=".E8.8A.B3.E9.A6.99.E6.97.8F.E5.8C.96.E5.90.88.E7.89.A9"></span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B3%E9%A6%99%E6%97%8F%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="芳香族化合物">芳香族化合物</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：芳香族化合物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF" title="苯">苯</a>环系</dt></dl> <ol><li>苯的卤代物、烷基代物等，先称呼取代基的位置号和名称，再加“苯”字。甲基、乙基等简单烷基的“基”字可以省去。<i>（如：1,2-<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF" title="二甲苯">二甲苯</a>）</i></li> <li>苯的烯、炔、醇、醛、酮、羧酸、磺酸、胺基代物等，以取代基的原形作为母体，先称“苯”（表示苯基），再称取代基的原形，编号时以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%96%E4%BB%A3%E5%9F%BA" title="取代基">取代基</a>为主链，苯环为支链，与取代基相连的碳为1号碳。<i>（如：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E4%B9%99%E7%83%AF" title="苯乙烯">苯乙烯</a>）</i></li> <li>芳烃的羟基代物称为<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%9A" title="酚">酚</a>，对于苯来说是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E9%85%9A" title="苯酚">苯酚</a>。苯环上直接连有两个羟基时叫苯二酚。</li></ol> <dl><dt>其他环系</dt></dl> <p>各种芳环系都有不同的名字，其取代物的命名方法和苯环类似。但这些环系一般都固定了编号的顺序（而不是像苯环一样只由取代基决定）：<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naphthalene_numbering.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Naphthalene_numbering.svg/160px-Naphthalene_numbering.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Naphthalene_numbering.svg/240px-Naphthalene_numbering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Naphthalene_numbering.svg/320px-Naphthalene_numbering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="377" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%98" title="萘">萘</a>环系<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthracene-numbering.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Anthracene-numbering.svg/200px-Anthracene-numbering.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Anthracene-numbering.svg/300px-Anthracene-numbering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Anthracene-numbering.svg/400px-Anthracene-numbering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="834" data-file-height="398" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%BD" title="蒽">蒽</a>环系<br />等等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="杂环化合物"><span id=".E6.9D.82.E7.8E.AF.E5.8C.96.E5.90.88.E7.89.A9"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%82%E7%8E%AF%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="杂环化合物">杂环化合物</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：杂环化合物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%A5%87-%E5%A8%81%E5%BE%B7%E6%9B%BC%E6%9D%82%E7%8E%AF%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="汉奇-威德曼杂环命名系统">汉奇-威德曼杂环命名系统</a></div> <ol><li>把杂环看作碳环中碳原子被杂原子替换而形成的环，称为“某杂（环的名称）”；<i>（如：氧杂环戊烷）</i></li> <li>给杂原子编号，使杂原子的位置号尽量小。</li> <li>其他官能团视为取代基。</li></ol> <p>CCS 2017命名原则建议基础化合物（官能团）的命名依照<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%A5%87-%E5%A8%81%E5%BE%B7%E6%9B%BC%E6%9D%82%E7%8E%AF%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="汉奇-威德曼杂环命名系统">汉奇-威德曼杂环命名系统</a>进行，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E4%BA%8C%F0%AB%AB%87%E5%B7%B1%E7%86%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="对二𫫇己熳">对二𫫇己熳</a>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="优先IUPAC名称" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="preferred IUPAC name"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%98%E5%85%88IUPAC%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="优先IUPAC名称（页面不存在）">优先IUPAC名称</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/preferred_IUPAC_name" class="extiw" title="en:preferred IUPAC name"><span lang="en" dir="auto">preferred IUPAC name</span></a></span>）</span></span>是“1,4-二<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%9D%82" class="mw-redirect" title="氧杂">氧杂</a>环己<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="熳">熳</a>”（1,4-Dioxine），而“1,4-二氧杂-2,5-环己二烯”（1,4-Dioxacyclohexa-2,5-diene）仅用作IUPAC系统名称。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">王松茂等. 化學命名原則. 臺北市: 國立編譯館. 民國92年2月: 序. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789867791054" title="Special:网络书源/9789867791054"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789867791054</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>. <q>自「化學命名原則」於民國二十一年公佈出版，繼之，於民國三十三年再版刊行以來，我國各界依據是項，推行化學名詞之統一中文化，六十年來，極具成效。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AIUPAC%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E6%9D%BE%E8%8C%82%E7%AD%89&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789867791054&rft.pages=%E5%BA%8F&rft.place=%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82&rft.pub=%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E7%B7%A8%E8%AD%AF%E9%A4%A8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemsoc.org.cn/book/yjhhwmm/">有机化合物命名原则2017</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180506050329/http://www.chemsoc.org.cn/book/yjhhwmm/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. 中国化学会. [2018-1-17]</span> </li> </ol></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <table align="center" id="toc" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#ccccff"> <td align="left" width="100"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" 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