CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.eu01.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"212354677",accountID:"3196970",trustKey:"3196970",xpid:"VwcOV19UCBACVVNRAgUCUlc=",licenseKey:"NRJS-0940f7eaf4cb46e1cfe",applicationID:"212354543"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/assets/fonts/ivar/AlfredSerifText-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/assets/fonts/alfred/AlfredSans-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <script>(function(html){html.className = html.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement);</script> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <title>Event information - NobelPrize.org</title> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NobelPrize.org" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.nobelprize.org/#website","url":"https://www.nobelprize.org/","name":"NobelPrize.org","description":"The official website of the Nobel Prize","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.nobelprize.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.nobelprize.org' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=4.2.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #2e2a25;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--black-400: #969492;--wp--preset--color--grey-500: #8a8a8d;--wp--preset--color--grey-400: #c8c8c8;--wp--preset--color--grey-100: #f1f1f1;--wp--preset--color--nobel-gold: #cc9b40;--wp--preset--color--nobel-pale: #f2f0ee;--wp--preset--color--nobel-smoke: #f9f5ed;--wp--preset--color--blue-700: #004b87;--wp--preset--color--blue-500: #3880c3;--wp--preset--color--blue-400: #a0c5d8;--wp--preset--color--blue-300: #c2ced9;--wp--preset--color--blue-100: #ebf2f8;--wp--preset--color--red: #bc1836;--wp--preset--color--green-100: #eaefed;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.682), 20px);--wp--preset--font-size--large: clamp(22.041px, 1.378rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 1.586), 36px);--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: clamp(25.014px, 1.563rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 1.93), 42px);--wp--preset--font-size--14: 0.875rem;--wp--preset--font-size--15: clamp(0.875rem, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.115), 0.938rem);--wp--preset--font-size--16: clamp(0.875rem, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.227), 1rem);--wp--preset--font-size--18: clamp(0.875rem, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.455), 1.125rem);--wp--preset--font-size--22: clamp(0.915rem, 0.915rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.836), 1.375rem);--wp--preset--font-size--24: clamp(0.984rem, 0.984rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.938), 1.5rem);--wp--preset--font-size--32: clamp(1.5rem, 1.5rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.909), 2rem);--wp--preset--font-size--48: clamp(2rem, 2rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 1.818), 3rem);--wp--preset--font-size--100: clamp(4rem, 4rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 4.091), 6.25rem);--wp--preset--font-family--primary: 'Alfred Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', 'Arial', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--secondary: 'Alfred Serif Regular', 'Times', 'Times New Roman', serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 2.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 3rem;--wp--preset--spacing--10: 0.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--90: 3.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--100: 4rem;--wp--preset--spacing--110: 4.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--120: 5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--130: 5.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--140: 6rem;--wp--preset--spacing--150: 6.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--160: 7rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--custom--image-ratio--regular: 3/2;--wp--custom--image-ratio--landscape: 16/9;--wp--custom--image-ratio--portrait: 2/3;--wp--custom--line-height--xs: 1;--wp--custom--line-height--s: 1.125;--wp--custom--line-height--sm: 1.25;--wp--custom--line-height--m: 1.3;--wp--custom--line-height--l: 1.4;--wp--custom--line-height--xl: 1.5;--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--1--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--48);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--1--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--xs);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--1--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--2--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--32);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--2--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--s);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--2--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--3--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--24);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--3--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--s);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--3--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--4--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--18);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--4--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--sm);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--4--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--5--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--16);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--5--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--m);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--5--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--6--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--15);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--6--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--xl);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--6--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--xsmall--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--14);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--xsmall--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--l);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--xsmall--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--secondary);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--small--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--16);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--small--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--l);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--small--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--secondary);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--medium--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--18);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--medium--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--m);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--medium--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--secondary);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--large--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--22);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--large--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--m);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--large--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--secondary);--wp--custom--font-variant--button--small--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--14);--wp--custom--font-variant--button--small--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--sm);--wp--custom--font-variant--button--small--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--button--large--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--16);--wp--custom--font-variant--button--large--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--sm);--wp--custom--font-variant--button--large--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--info--counters--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--100);--wp--custom--font-variant--info--counters--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--xs);--wp--custom--font-variant--info--counters--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--info--legal--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--14);--wp--custom--font-variant--info--legal--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--l);--wp--custom--font-variant--info--legal--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content{--wp--preset--color--grey-100: #f1f1f1;--wp--preset--color--nobel-pale: #f2f0ee;--wp--preset--color--nobel-smoke: #f9f5ed;--wp--preset--color--blue-100: #ebf2f8;--wp--preset--color--green-100: #eaefed;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-400-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black-400) !important;}.has-grey-500-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-500) !important;}.has-grey-400-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-400) !important;}.has-grey-100-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-100) !important;}.has-nobel-gold-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-gold) !important;}.has-nobel-pale-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-pale) !important;}.has-nobel-smoke-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-smoke) !important;}.has-blue-700-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-700) !important;}.has-blue-500-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-500) !important;}.has-blue-400-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-400) !important;}.has-blue-300-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-300) !important;}.has-blue-100-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-100) !important;}.has-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--red) !important;}.has-green-100-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--green-100) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-400-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black-400) !important;}.has-grey-500-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-500) !important;}.has-grey-400-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-400) !important;}.has-grey-100-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-100) !important;}.has-nobel-gold-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-gold) !important;}.has-nobel-pale-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-pale) !important;}.has-nobel-smoke-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-smoke) !important;}.has-blue-700-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-700) !important;}.has-blue-500-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-500) !important;}.has-blue-400-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-400) !important;}.has-blue-300-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-300) !important;}.has-blue-100-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-100) !important;}.has-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--red) !important;}.has-green-100-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--green-100) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-400-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black-400) !important;}.has-grey-500-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-500) !important;}.has-grey-400-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-400) !important;}.has-grey-100-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-100) !important;}.has-nobel-gold-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-gold) !important;}.has-nobel-pale-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-pale) !important;}.has-nobel-smoke-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-smoke) !important;}.has-blue-700-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-700) !important;}.has-blue-500-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-500) !important;}.has-blue-400-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-400) !important;}.has-blue-300-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-300) !important;}.has-blue-100-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-100) !important;}.has-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--red) !important;}.has-green-100-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--green-100) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-14-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--14) !important;}.has-15-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--15) !important;}.has-16-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--16) !important;}.has-18-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--18) !important;}.has-22-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--22) !important;}.has-24-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--24) !important;}.has-32-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--32) !important;}.has-48-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--48) !important;}.has-100-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--100) !important;}.has-primary-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary) !important;}.has-secondary-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--secondary) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-grey-100-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-100) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-nobel-pale-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-pale) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-nobel-smoke-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-smoke) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-blue-100-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-100) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-green-100-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--green-100) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-grey-100-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-100) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-nobel-pale-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-pale) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-nobel-smoke-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-smoke) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-blue-100-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-100) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-green-100-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--green-100) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-grey-100-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-100) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-nobel-pale-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-pale) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-nobel-smoke-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-smoke) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-blue-100-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-100) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-green-100-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--green-100) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: clamp(0.984em, 0.984rem + ((1vw - 0.2em) * 0.938), 1.5em);line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='nobelprize_block_library_admin-css' href='https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/plugins/nobelprize-block-library/dist/css/frontend.css?ver=caaa306ca540657ccbf9' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='styles-css' href='https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/dist/css/frontend.css?ver=876a6e0119578e9b1801' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="loadjs-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var fallback = {"path":"\/var\/www\/html\/wp-content\/themes\/nobelprize\/\/assets\/js\/frontend\/lib\/respimg\/ls.respimg.min.js"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/assets/js/frontend/lib/loadjs.js?ver=1731929817" id="loadjs-js"></script> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <link type="text/plain" rel="author" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/humans.txt" /> <script> window.VIDEOJS_NO_BASE_THEME = true; window.VIDEOJS_NO_DYNAMIC_STYLE = true; </script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/d75760b8-7732-445e-9a87-2de3e237d0fe/OtAutoBlock.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="d75760b8-7732-445e-9a87-2de3e237d0fe"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script>   <script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WDHZ8W5');</script>   <meta name="twitter:title" content="Nobel Prize Dialogue"> <meta itemprop="name" content="Nobel Prize Dialogue" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Nobel Prize Dialogue" />   <meta name="twitter:description" content="Science will inevitably help shape our future, but how does science benefit society, and how should society get the best from science?"> <meta itemprop="description" content="Science will inevitably help shape our future, but how does science benefit society, and how should society get the best from science?" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Science will inevitably help shape our future, but how does science benefit society, and how should society get the best from science?" />   <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.nobelprize.org/images//156113-portrait-medium.jpg" /> <meta itemprop="image" content="https://www.nobelprize.org/images//156113-portrait-medium.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.nobelprize.org/images//156113-portrait-medium.jpg" />  <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nobelprize.org/events/nobel-prize-dialogue/brazil2024/" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/08/Nobel-favicon-50x50.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/08/Nobel-favicon-232x232.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/08/Nobel-favicon-188x188.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/08/Nobel-favicon.png" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .summit-event-nav .prizes-nav-top-tier li:last-of-type { border-right: 0; } .ot-sdk-show-settings:hover, .ot-sdk-show-settings { background-color: #CEA152 !important; border-color: #CEA152 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; } </style> </head> <body class="event">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WDHZ8W5" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content"> Skip to content </a> <header class="site-header" role="banner" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader"> <div class="site-header__wrapper container"> <div class="site-banner" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <div class="site-banner-logo" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <h1 class="site-logo" itemprop="logo"> <a itemprop="url" href="https://www.nobelprize.org" name="top" aria-label="The Nobel Prize"> <svg class="site-logo-icon site-logo-icon--big" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="77" height="60" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 77 60"><path d="M25.298 1.997h-4.631v14.66h-2.21V1.997h-4.674V0h11.515v1.997ZM42.126 0v16.657h-2.21V8.711h-9.179v7.946h-2.21V0h2.21v6.714h9.179V0h2.21Zm14.617 16.657V14.66h-7.691V8.711h7.011V6.714h-7.011V1.997h7.564V0h-9.731v16.657h9.858Zm-43.045 5.014V38.33h-1.53L2.225 25.41v12.918H.1V21.67h1.7l9.773 12.578V21.671h2.125Zm12.025-.34c-4.801 0-8.71 3.867-8.71 8.669 0 4.802 3.909 8.669 8.71 8.669 4.802 0 8.711-3.867 8.711-8.669 0-4.802-3.91-8.669-8.71-8.669Zm.043 2.083c3.527 0 6.459 2.932 6.459 6.586 0 3.654-2.932 6.586-6.46 6.586-3.526 0-6.458-2.932-6.458-6.586 0-3.654 2.932-6.586 6.459-6.586Zm23.116 9.943c0 2.932-2.125 4.972-5.227 4.972h-5.779V21.67h5.27c3.059 0 4.971 1.53 4.971 3.995 0 1.614-.85 2.89-2.252 3.527 1.87.68 3.017 2.167 3.017 4.164Zm-8.796-9.73v4.8h3.06c1.53 0 2.846-.934 2.846-2.506 0-1.573-1.232-2.295-2.847-2.295h-3.06Zm6.629 9.772c0-1.87-1.445-3.017-3.145-3.017h-3.484v6.034h3.484c1.7-.042 3.145-1.147 3.145-3.017Zm15.467 4.93V36.33h-7.649v-5.949h7.012v-1.997h-7.012V23.67h7.564V21.67h-9.773V38.33h9.858ZM76.29 36.33v1.998h-9.731V21.67h2.21v14.66h7.52Zm-65.057 15.85c2.89 0 4.93-1.784 4.93-4.419 0-2.592-2.04-4.42-4.972-4.42H5.41V60h2.21v-7.819h3.612Zm0-6.841c1.615 0 2.72.892 2.72 2.422 0 1.53-1.105 2.422-2.72 2.422H7.621V45.34h3.612Zm12.11 6.756h-1.742V60h-2.21V43.343h5.78c2.89 0 4.929 1.742 4.929 4.376 0 2.423-1.742 4.08-4.25 4.335l6.035 7.904H29.25l-5.906-7.862ZM21.602 50.1h3.612c1.657 0 2.72-.85 2.72-2.38 0-1.53-1.105-2.38-2.72-2.38h-3.612v4.76Zm15.17-6.756h-2.21V60h2.21V43.343Zm3.442 14.915L49.86 45.34h-8.71v-1.997h11.557v1.614l-9.73 13.046h9.985V60H40.213v-1.742ZM66.304 60v-1.997h-7.691v-5.95h7.011v-1.996h-7.011V45.34h7.564v-1.997h-9.731V60h9.858Z"/></svg> <svg class="site-logo-icon site-logo-icon--small" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="171" height="16" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 171 16"><path d="M10.3 2.222H6.256v12.684H4.344V2.222H.3V.494h9.963v1.728h.037ZM24.822.494v14.412H22.91V8.03h-7.94v6.875h-1.913V.494h1.912v5.809h7.941V.494h1.912Zm12.61 12.684v1.728h-8.53V.494h8.42v1.728h-6.544v4.081h6.066v1.728h-6.066v5.147h6.654ZM57.322.494v14.412h-1.324L47.397 3.729v11.177h-1.839V.494h1.47l8.457 10.883V.494h1.838ZM60.19 7.7c0-4.154 3.382-7.5 7.537-7.5 4.154 0 7.536 3.346 7.536 7.5s-3.382 7.5-7.537 7.5c-4.154 0-7.536-3.346-7.536-7.5Zm13.162 0c0-3.162-2.537-5.699-5.589-5.699-3.051 0-5.588 2.537-5.588 5.699s2.537 5.699 5.588 5.699c3.052 0 5.588-2.537 5.588-5.699Zm14.411 2.904c0 2.537-1.838 4.302-4.522 4.302h-5.037V.494h4.56c2.646 0 4.3 1.324 4.3 3.456 0 1.397-.735 2.5-1.948 3.051 1.655.589 2.647 1.875 2.647 3.603Zm-7.61-8.419V6.34H82.8c1.324 0 2.463-.81 2.463-2.17 0-1.36-1.066-1.985-2.463-1.985h-2.647Zm5.735 8.456c0-1.617-1.25-2.61-2.72-2.61h-3.015v5.22h3.015c1.47-.036 2.72-.992 2.72-2.61Zm13.383 2.537v1.728h-8.53V.494h8.42v1.728h-6.545v4.081h6.103v1.728h-6.066v5.147h6.618Zm12.206 0v1.728h-8.42V.494h1.912v12.684h6.508Zm15.514-8.86c0 2.28-1.765 3.823-4.265 3.823h-3.125v6.765h-1.911V.494h5c2.537 0 4.301 1.581 4.301 3.824Zm-1.912 0c0-1.324-.955-2.096-2.353-2.096h-3.125v4.191h3.125c1.398 0 2.353-.772 2.353-2.095Zm8.089 3.75h-1.508v6.838h-1.911V.494h5c2.5 0 4.264 1.507 4.264 3.787 0 2.095-1.507 3.53-3.676 3.75l5.22 6.838h-2.279l-5.11-6.801Zm-1.471-1.728h3.125c1.434 0 2.353-.736 2.353-2.06 0-1.323-.956-2.058-2.353-2.058h-3.125V6.34ZM142.91.494h1.912v14.412h-1.912V.494ZM147.8 13.4l8.346-11.177h-7.537V.494h10v1.397l-8.419 11.287h8.639v1.728H147.8v-1.508Zm22.537-.221v1.728h-8.53V.494h8.42v1.728h-6.545v4.081h6.067v1.728h-6.067v5.147h6.655Z"/></svg> </a> </h1> </div> <div class="mobile-actions"> <div class="mobile-search"> <button type="button" id="search-mobile-trigger-js"> <svg class="search-open" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" role="img" aria-labelledby="desktop-search-title desktop-search-description"> <title id="desktop-search-title">Close the search form</title> <desc id="desktop-search-description">A button that allows you to close the search form if needed</desc> <path fill="#2E2A25" d="m19.6 21-6.3-6.3A6.096 6.096 0 0 1 9.5 16c-1.817 0-3.354-.63-4.612-1.887C3.629 12.854 3 11.317 3 9.5c0-1.817.63-3.354 1.888-4.612C6.146 3.629 7.683 3 9.5 3c1.817 0 3.354.63 4.613 1.888C15.37 6.146 16 7.683 16 9.5a6.096 6.096 0 0 1-1.3 3.8l6.3 6.3-1.4 1.4ZM9.5 14c1.25 0 2.313-.438 3.188-1.313C13.562 11.813 14 10.75 14 9.5c0-1.25-.438-2.313-1.313-3.188C11.813 5.438 10.75 5 9.5 5c-1.25 0-2.313.438-3.188 1.313S5 8.25 5 9.5c0 1.25.438 2.313 1.313 3.188C7.188 13.562 8.25 14 9.5 14Z"/> </svg> <svg class="search-close" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="#2E2A25" role="img" aria-labelledby="desktop-search-title desktop-search-description"> <title id="desktop-search-title">Close the search form</title> <desc id="desktop-search-description">A button that allows you to close the search form if needed</desc> <path d="M6.4 19 5 17.6l5.6-5.6L5 6.4 6.4 5l5.6 5.6L17.6 5 19 6.4 13.4 12l5.6 5.6-1.4 1.4-5.6-5.6L6.4 19Z"/> </svg> </button>  <noscript> <a id="mobile-close-js" class="toggle-close" href="#"> <span>Close Mobile Menu</span> </a> </noscript> </div> <div class="mobile-nav"> <a id="mobile-nav-js" href="#main-navigation-js" class="toggle"> <span> Toggle Mobile Menu </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <nav id="main-navigation-js" class="site-main-navigation" role="navigation" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" aria-label="Main menu" aria-expanded="false"> <ul id="menu-header_top" class="main-menu" role="menu"><li id="menu-item-28259" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-28259" role="menuitem"><a href="/prizes/">Nobel Prizes & laureates</a> <ul class="sub-menu" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li id="menu-item-175174" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-175174" role="menuitem"><a href="/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes/">All Nobel Prizes</a></li> <li id="menu-item-222451" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-222451" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/all-nobel-prizes-2024/">All Nobel Prizes 2024</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48853" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-48853" role="menuitem"><a href="/prizes/physics/">Physics prize</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48854" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-48854" role="menuitem"><a href="/prizes/chemistry/">Chemistry prize</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48855" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-48855" role="menuitem"><a href="/prizes/medicine/">Medicine prize</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48856" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-48856" role="menuitem"><a href="/prizes/literature/">Literature prize</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48857" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-48857" role="menuitem"><a href="/prizes/peace/">Peace prize</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48858" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-48858" role="menuitem"><a href="/prizes/economic-sciences/">Prize in economic sciences</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-28260" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-28260" role="menuitem"><a href="/about/">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li id="menu-item-43405" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-43405" role="menuitem"><a href="/about-the-nobel-prize/">About the prize</a></li> <li id="menu-item-43408" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-43408" role="menuitem"><a href="/alfred-nobel">Alfred Nobel</a></li> <li id="menu-item-43407" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-43407" role="menuitem"><a href="/about/nobel-prize-award-ceremonies/">Award ceremonies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-43409" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-43409" role="menuitem"><a href="/nomination">Nomination</a></li> <li id="menu-item-43406" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-43406" role="menuitem"><a href="/the-nobel-prize-organisation">Organisation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-28261" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28261" role="menuitem"><a href="/stories/">Stories</a></li> <li id="menu-item-28262" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28262" role="menuitem"><a href="/educational/">Educational</a></li> <li id="menu-item-219562" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-219562" role="menuitem"><a href="/events-museums/">Events & museums</a></li> <li role="menuitem" class="searchform"> <button type="button" id="search-trigger-js"> <svg class="search-open" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" role="img" aria-labelledby="desktop-search-title desktop-search-description"> <title id="desktop-search-title">Close the search form</title> <desc id="desktop-search-description">A button that allows you to close the search form if needed</desc> <path fill="#2E2A25" d="m19.6 21-6.3-6.3A6.096 6.096 0 0 1 9.5 16c-1.817 0-3.354-.63-4.612-1.887C3.629 12.854 3 11.317 3 9.5c0-1.817.63-3.354 1.888-4.612C6.146 3.629 7.683 3 9.5 3c1.817 0 3.354.63 4.613 1.888C15.37 6.146 16 7.683 16 9.5a6.096 6.096 0 0 1-1.3 3.8l6.3 6.3-1.4 1.4ZM9.5 14c1.25 0 2.313-.438 3.188-1.313C13.562 11.813 14 10.75 14 9.5c0-1.25-.438-2.313-1.313-3.188C11.813 5.438 10.75 5 9.5 5c-1.25 0-2.313.438-3.188 1.313S5 8.25 5 9.5c0 1.25.438 2.313 1.313 3.188C7.188 13.562 8.25 14 9.5 14Z"></path> </svg> <svg class="search-close" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="#2E2A25" role="img" aria-labelledby="desktop-search-title desktop-search-description"> <title id="desktop-search-title">Close the search form</title> <desc id="desktop-search-description">A button that allows you to close the search form if needed</desc> <path d="M6.4 19 5 17.6l5.6-5.6L5 6.4 6.4 5l5.6 5.6L17.6 5 19 6.4 13.4 12l5.6 5.6-1.4 1.4-5.6-5.6L6.4 19Z"></path> </svg> </button> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="header-search-form" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="container"> <form class="searchform -header" method="GET" action="/search/" > <label for="search-form-input-header" class="screen-reader-text"> Header Search </label> <input type="search" class="input" name="s" id="search-form-input-header" placeholder="Enter your search here" value="" > <button type="submit"> <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="#2E2A25" role="img" aria-labelledby="submit-search-title-header submit-search-description-header"> <title id="submit-search-title-header">Submit a search term</title> <desc id="submit-search-description-header">Allows users to submit a search term</desc> <path d="m19.6 21-6.3-6.3A6.096 6.096 0 0 1 9.5 16c-1.817 0-3.354-.63-4.612-1.887C3.629 12.854 3 11.317 3 9.5c0-1.817.63-3.354 1.888-4.612C6.146 3.629 7.683 3 9.5 3c1.817 0 3.354.63 4.613 1.888C15.37 6.146 16 7.683 16 9.5a6.096 6.096 0 0 1-1.3 3.8l6.3 6.3-1.4 1.4ZM9.5 14c1.25 0 2.313-.438 3.188-1.313C13.562 11.813 14 10.75 14 9.5c0-1.25-.438-2.313-1.313-3.188C11.813 5.438 10.75 5 9.5 5c-1.25 0-2.313.438-3.188 1.313S5 8.25 5 9.5c0 1.25.438 2.313 1.313 3.188C7.188 13.562 8.25 14 9.5 14Z"/> </svg> </button> </form> </div> </div> </header> <main id="content" role="main" class="nobel-content"> <div class="event-hero"> <section class="page-hero -hero-a -centered text-color-white -color-option-secondary"> <div class="bg hero lazyload" data-bgset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/153116-hero-tablet-2x.jpg [(min-width: 220px)] | https://www.nobelprize.org/images/153116-hero-tablet-2x.jpg [(min-width: 900px)] | https://www.nobelprize.org/images/153116-hero-desktop-2x.jpg [(min-width: 1400px)]" data-sizes="auto"> </div> <noscript> <div class="bg hero" style="background: url(https://www.nobelprize.org/images//153116-landscape-medium-gallery.jpg)" > </div> </noscript> <div class="blurb"> <div class="sublead"> <p>Rio and S茫o Paulo, Brazil</p> </div> <h1 class="title "> CREATING OUR FUTURE TOGETHER WITH SCIENCE </h1> </div> </section> </div> <section class="container page-content-area"> <div class="page-section"> <aside class="page-aside"> <nav class="aside-navigation aside-navigation--desktop" aria-label="In Page Navigation"> <ul class="aside-navigation__list"><li class="aside-navigation__list-item"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/events/nobel-prize-dialogue/brazil2024/" aria-current="page" > Event information </a> </li><li class="aside-navigation__list-item"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/events/nobel-prize-dialogue/brazil2024/agenda" aria-current="false" > Programme </a> </li><li class="aside-navigation__list-item"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/events/nobel-prize-dialogue/brazil2024/panellists" aria-current="false" > Panellists </a> </li><li class="aside-navigation__list-item"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/events/nobel-prize-dialogue/brazil2024/faq-and-contact" aria-current="false" > FAQ & Contact </a> </li></ul></nav> </aside> <article id="post-224797" class="page-content"> <header> <section class="page-title"> <h1> Nobel Prize Dialogue </h1> </section> </header> <select class="aside-navigation aside-navigation--mobile js-aside-navigation--mobile" name="Go to laureate page"> <option value="" selected disabled>Navigate to:</option> <option value="https://www.nobelprize.org/events/nobel-prize-dialogue/brazil2024/" disabled selected> Event information</option><option value="https://www.nobelprize.org/events/nobel-prize-dialogue/brazil2024/agenda"> Programme</option><option value="https://www.nobelprize.org/events/nobel-prize-dialogue/brazil2024/panellists"> Panellists</option><option value="https://www.nobelprize.org/events/nobel-prize-dialogue/brazil2024/faq-and-contact"> FAQ & Contact</option></select> <section class="tabwrapper"> <div class="tabcontent info entry"> <h4 class="wp-block-heading"><a href="http://brazil.nobelprizedialogue.org">Portugu锚s</a></h4> <h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ideas-that-change-the-world">Creating Our Future Together With Science </h3> <h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-20-march-2023-rio-de-janeiro">15 April, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil<br>17 April, S茫o Paulo, Brazil </h4> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Rio de Janeiro State University</h3> <p>Watch the event from 15 April: </p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <div class="iframe iframe-16x9"><iframe title="Creating Our Future Together With Science | Nobel Prize Dialogue Brazil 2024 | Rio de Janeiro" width="1778" height="1000" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/99VjiKDv-VA?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div></figure> <p>Science will inevitably help shape our future, but how does science benefit society, and how should society get the best from science? As our awareness of the enormity of pressing local and global challenges increases, we need to take time to consider how best to equip ourselves, and future generations, to make the most of the opportunity science offers to build a better world. Our Nobel Prize Dialogue in Rio de Janeiro offered the chance to explore these questions. </p> <p>The Nobel Prize Dialogue brought Nobel Prize laureates together with a diverse selection of experts and students for a series of conversations. In the morning, participants discussed the value of science, how to make the practice of research more inclusive and how to communicate more effectively with audiences ranging from the public to policy-makers. Interactive discussions then investigated the responsibilities of scientists, the role of universities and strategies for transitioning towards a more sustainable world. In the afternoon, discussions focused on how best to work together, both within research institutions and across disciplines and sectors, and where science and scientists should go next, asking if there are optimal strategies for focusing our efforts and resources to get the most out of science, to help create the future we want.  </p> <p>Speakers included Nobel Prize laureates <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2012/haroche/facts/">Serge Haroche</a>, physics 2012, <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2021/macmillan/facts/">David MacMillan</a>, chemistry 2021, and <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2014/may-britt-moser/facts/">May-Britt Moser</a>, physiology or medicine 2014. </p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">University of S茫o Paulo </h3> <p>Watch the event from 17 April: </p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <div class="iframe iframe-16x9"><iframe title="Creating Our Future Together With Science | Nobel Prize Dialogue Brazil 2024 | S茫o Paulo" width="1778" height="1000" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Trd883eLMo4?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div></figure> <p></p> <p>In a series of moderated talks and conversations designed specifically for students, Nobel Prize laureates discussed what they have learnt from a life in science. With the help of the audience, the three Nobel Prize laureates participating in this forum (<a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2012/haroche/facts/">Serge Haroche</a>, physics 2012, <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2021/macmillan/facts/">David MacMillan</a>, chemistry 2021, and <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2014/may-britt-moser/facts/">May-Britt Moser</a>, physiology or medicine 2014) addressed what it takes to remain curious and to choose and tackle big questions, how to overcome the many setbacks encountered in research and how to communicate discoveries to colleagues, policy-makers and the wider public.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Federation of Industries of the State of S茫o Paulo (FIESP) </h3> <p>17 April, 14:30-16:30 BRT</p> <p>By invitation only, programme provided separately.</p> <section class="sponsors"> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3 class="section-header-h3">Nobel Prize Dialogue Rio and S茫o Paulo 2024 in partnership with</h3> </header> <article class="sponsor-rail border-top -cols-1"> <div class="sponsor-image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/112180-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/112180-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Academia Brasileira de Ciencias logo 3000x800" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/112180-medium.jpg" alt="Academia Brasileira de Ciencias logo 3000x800" /></noscript></picture> </div> </article> <article class="sponsor-rail border-top -cols-6"> <header> <h4> Nobel International Partners </h4> </header> <div class="sponsor-image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/53539-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/53539-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Partner logotype 3M 3000x800" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/53539-medium.jpg" alt="Partner logotype 3M 3000x800" /></noscript></picture> </div> <div class="sponsor-image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/53840-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/53840-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Partner logotype ABB 3000x800" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/53840-medium.jpg" alt="Partner logotype ABB 3000x800" /></noscript></picture> </div> <div class="sponsor-image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/122789-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/122789-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Capgemini 3000x800" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/122789-medium.jpg" alt="Capgemini 3000x800" /></noscript></picture> </div> <div class="sponsor-image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/08/EQT-updated-300x96.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/08/EQT-updated-300x96.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/08/EQT-updated-300x96.jpg" alt="" /></noscript></picture> </div> <div class="sponsor-image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/142338-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/142338-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Partner-logotype-H2GS-3000x800.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/142338-medium.jpg" alt="Partner-logotype-H2GS-3000x800.jpg" /></noscript></picture> </div> <div class="sponsor-image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/53540-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/53540-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Partner logotype Scania horizontal 3000x800" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/53540-medium.jpg" alt="Partner logotype Scania horizontal 3000x800" /></noscript></picture> </div> </article> <article class="sponsor-rail border-top -cols-3"> <header> <h4> Event partners </h4> </header> <div class="sponsor-image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154519-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154519-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="2-Finep-3000x800b.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154519-medium.jpg" alt="2-Finep-3000x800b.jpg" /></noscript></picture> </div> <div class="sponsor-image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154525-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154525-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Fapesp-3000x800b.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154525-medium.jpg" alt="Fapesp-3000x800b.jpg" /></noscript></picture> </div> <div class="sponsor-image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154521-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154521-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="2-Klabin-3000x800b.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154521-medium.jpg" alt="2-Klabin-3000x800b.jpg" /></noscript></picture> </div> </article> <article class="sponsor-rail border-top -cols-3"> <header> <h4> Supporting organisations </h4> </header> <div class="sponsor-image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154520-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154520-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="2-UERJ-3000x800b.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154520-medium.jpg" alt="2-UERJ-3000x800b.jpg" /></noscript></picture> </div> <div class="sponsor-image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154518-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154518-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="2-USP-3000x800b.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154518-medium.jpg" alt="2-USP-3000x800b.jpg" /></noscript></picture> </div> <div class="sponsor-image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154865-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154865-medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Fiesp-3000x800c.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/154865-medium.jpg" alt="Fiesp-3000x800c.jpg" /></noscript></picture> </div> </article> <article class="sponsor-rail border-top -cols-0"> <header> <h4> Special thanks to </h4> </header> <div class="partners-description">Embassy of Sweden in Brazil</div> </article> </section> <p></p> </div> </section> </article> </div> </section> </main> <footer class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="container"> <section class="footer-information"> <h4 class="heading"> <a href="/the-nobel-prize-organisation/">About the Nobel Prize organisation</a> </h4> <div class="footer-sections"> <div class="footer-section"> <h5> <a href="/the-nobel-prize-organisation/the-nobel-foundation/">The Nobel Foundation</a> </h5> <p>Tasked with a mission to manage Alfred Nobel's fortune and has聽ultimate responsibility for fulfilling the intentions of Nobel's will.</p> </div> <div class="footer-section"> <h5> <a href="/the-nobel-prize-organisation/prize-awarding-institutions/">The prize-awarding institutions</a> </h5> <p>For more than a century, these academic institutions have worked independently to select Nobel Prize laureates.</p> </div> <div class="footer-section"> <h5> <a href="/the-nobel-prize-organisation/outreach-organisations/">Outreach organisations</a> </h5> <p>Several outreach organisations and activities have been developed to inspire generations and disseminate knowledge about the Nobel Prize.</p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="footer-nav"> <nav class="footer-menu" role="navigation" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="menu-footer_col_1" class="footer-column-items" role="menu"><li id="menu-item-28266" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28266" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/press-room/">Press</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42845" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42845" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/contact">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-28265" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28265" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/frequently-asked-questions/">FAQ</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="footer-menu" role="navigation" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="menu-footer_col_2" class="footer-column-items" role="menu"><li id="menu-item-28268" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28268" role="menuitem"><a href="/about/privacy-policy/">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-28269" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28269" role="menuitem"><a href="/about/technical-support/">Technical support</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42844" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42844" role="menuitem"><a href="/about/terms-of-use/">Terms of use</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="footer-menu" role="navigation" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="menu-footer_col_3" class="footer-column-items" role="menu"><li id="menu-item-28272" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28272" role="menuitem"><a href="/about/developer-zone/">For developers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42843" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42843" role="menuitem"><a href="/mediaplayer/">Media player</a></li> <li id="menu-item-224329" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-224329" role="menuitem"><a href="https://careers.nobelprize.org">Careers</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="footer-menu footer-social" role="navigation" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <h6> Join us </h6> <ul id="menu-footer_social" class="socialmenu"><li id="menu-item-28273" class="facebook menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28273" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nobelprize/"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path d="M14.526 34h-3.96A4.572 4.572 0 0 1 6 29.43V10.57C6 8.051 8.051 6 10.571 6H29.43A4.577 4.577 0 0 1 34 10.57v18.854c0 2.52-2.051 4.57-4.571 4.57h-3.492a.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.571V22.305c0-.314.257-.571.571-.571h2.229l.405-3.228h-2.634a.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.571v-3.28c0-.314.257-.57.571-.57h2.709v-3.229h-4.892a1.62 1.62 0 0 0-1.617 1.617v5.462a.573.573 0 0 1-.571.571h-2.709v3.228h2.709c.314 0 .571.257.571.571v11.118a.59.59 0 0 1-.166.406c-.148.148-.171.171-7.44.171h-.005ZM10.57 7.143a3.43 3.43 0 0 0-3.428 3.427v18.854a3.43 3.43 0 0 0 3.423 3.428h10.423V22.87H18.28a.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.572v-4.37c0-.314.257-.571.571-.571h2.709v-4.89c0-1.52 1.24-2.76 2.76-2.76h5.462c.315 0 .572.257.572.571v4.37a.573.573 0 0 1-.572.572h-2.708v2.137h2.708a.56.56 0 0 1 .429.194c.109.126.16.286.137.451l-.548 4.37a.573.573 0 0 1-.566.504h-2.16v9.975h2.92a3.43 3.43 0 0 0 3.428-3.428V10.57a3.43 3.43 0 0 0-3.428-3.427H10.57Z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook</span> </a></li> <li id="menu-item-28274" class="twitter menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28274" role="menuitem"><a href="https://twitter.com/NobelPrize"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.143 6h17.714A5.148 5.148 0 0 1 34 11.143v17.714A5.148 5.148 0 0 1 28.857 34H11.143A5.148 5.148 0 0 1 6 28.857V11.143A5.148 5.148 0 0 1 11.143 6Zm17.714 26.857c2.205 0 4-1.795 4-4V11.143c0-2.205-1.795-4-4-4H11.143c-2.205 0-4 1.795-4 4v17.714c0 2.205 1.795 4 4 4h17.714Zm-.995-22.384a.572.572 0 0 1 .847.768l-6.933 7.65 6.977 9.923a.572.572 0 0 1-.468.9h-3.714a.571.571 0 0 1-.468-.243l-5.205-7.404-6.76 7.46a.57.57 0 0 1-.808.04.572.572 0 0 1-.04-.808l6.934-7.65-6.977-9.923a.572.572 0 0 1 .468-.9h3.714c.186 0 .36.09.467.243l5.206 7.404 6.76-7.46Zm-15.047.956L24.869 28.57h2.317L15.132 11.43h-2.317Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text">Twitter</span> </a></li> <li id="menu-item-43144" class="instagram menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-43144" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/nobelprize_org/?hl=en"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M28.857 34H11.143A5.15 5.15 0 0 1 6 28.857V11.143A5.15 5.15 0 0 1 11.143 6h17.714A5.15 5.15 0 0 1 34 11.143v17.714A5.15 5.15 0 0 1 28.857 34ZM11.143 7.143c-2.206 0-4 1.794-4 4v17.714c0 2.206 1.794 4 4 4h17.714c2.206 0 4-1.794 4-4V11.143c0-2.206-1.794-4-4-4H11.143Zm8.857 20c-3.937 0-7.143-3.206-7.143-7.143s3.206-7.143 7.143-7.143 7.143 3.206 7.143 7.143-3.206 7.143-7.143 7.143ZM20 14c-3.309 0-6 2.691-6 6s2.691 6 6 6 6-2.691 6-6-2.691-6-6-6Zm6-2.286a2.285 2.285 0 1 0 4.57.001 2.285 2.285 0 0 0-4.57 0Zm1.143 0c0-.628.514-1.143 1.143-1.143.628 0 1.143.515 1.143 1.143 0 .629-.515 1.143-1.143 1.143a1.146 1.146 0 0 1-1.143-1.143Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text">Instagram</span> </a></li> <li id="menu-item-43145" class="youtube menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-43145" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/thenobelprize"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.143 34h17.714A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 34 28.857V11.143A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 28.857 6H11.143A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 6 11.143v17.714A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 11.143 34Zm-4-22.857c0-2.206 1.794-4 4-4h17.714c2.206 0 4 1.794 4 4v17.714c0 2.206-1.794 4-4 4H11.143c-2.206 0-4-1.794-4-4V11.143Zm20.2 15.143H12.65a2.753 2.753 0 0 1-2.748-2.749v-7.074a2.753 2.753 0 0 1 2.748-2.749h14.692a2.753 2.753 0 0 1 2.748 2.749v7.074a2.753 2.753 0 0 1-2.748 2.749ZM12.65 14.857c-.885 0-1.605.72-1.605 1.606v7.074c0 .886.72 1.606 1.605 1.606h14.692c.886 0 1.606-.72 1.606-1.606v-7.074c0-.886-.72-1.606-1.606-1.606H12.65Zm5.643 8.766a.753.753 0 0 1-.746-.749l-.022-5.748c0-.275.148-.526.383-.657a.753.753 0 0 1 .76.017l4.537 2.8a.746.746 0 0 1 .354.628.77.77 0 0 1-.337.64l-4.52 2.949a.766.766 0 0 1-.409.12Zm0 0h.003-.006.003Zm.375-5.794.017 4.32 3.394-2.218-3.411-2.108v.006Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text">Youtube</span> </a></li> <li id="menu-item-164548" class="linkedin menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-164548" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/nobelprize/"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.909 14.251a2.557 2.557 0 0 1-2.555-2.554 2.56 2.56 0 0 1 2.555-2.554 2.56 2.56 0 0 1 2.554 2.554 2.56 2.56 0 0 1-2.554 2.554Zm0-3.965c-.778 0-1.412.634-1.412 1.411s.634 1.412 1.412 1.412c.777 0 1.411-.635 1.411-1.412 0-.777-.634-1.411-1.411-1.411Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path><path d="M28.771 28.211c0 .315.258.572.572.572l-.006-.006a.573.573 0 0 0 .572-.571v-7.292c0-3.605-2.509-4.891-4.852-4.891-1.457 0-2.497.383-3.44 1v-.532a.573.573 0 0 0-.571-.571h-3.612a.573.573 0 0 0-.571.571v11.715c0 .314.257.571.571.571a.573.573 0 0 0 .572-.571V17.063h2.468v1.108a.574.574 0 0 0 .943.44c1.057-.891 2.034-1.44 3.646-1.44 1.114 0 3.708.366 3.708 3.749v7.291ZM14.611 28.783a.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.572V17.07h-2.543V28.21a.573.573 0 0 1-.571.572.573.573 0 0 1-.572-.572V16.497c0-.314.257-.571.572-.571h3.685c.315 0 .572.257.572.571v11.714a.573.573 0 0 1-.572.572Z"></path><path d="M25.657 28.783a.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.572V22.83c0-1.286-.412-1.738-1.577-1.738-1.252 0-1.886.458-1.886 1.355v5.765a.573.573 0 0 1-.572.572.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.572v-5.765c0-1.56 1.131-2.497 3.029-2.497 1.897 0 2.72.971 2.72 2.88v5.382a.573.573 0 0 1-.572.572Z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.143 34h17.714A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 34 28.857V11.143A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 28.857 6H11.143A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 6 11.143v17.714A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 11.143 34Zm-4-22.857c0-2.206 1.794-4 4-4h17.714c2.206 0 4 1.794 4 4v17.714c0 2.206-1.794 4-4 4H11.143c-2.206 0-4-1.794-4-4V11.143Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> </section> <section class="colophon border-top"> <div class="footer-logo" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <p class="site-logo" itemprop="logo"> <a itemprop="url" href="https://www.nobelprize.org"> The Nobel Prize </a> </p> </div> <div class="copyright"> Copyright © Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2024 </div> </section> </div> </footer> <button type="button" class="to-top" tabindex="-1"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Scroll to top </span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="45.999" height="26.001" viewBox="0 0 45.999 26.001"><path xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="#FFF" d="M5.905 24.997a3.484 3.484 0 0 1-4.893 0 3.403 3.403 0 0 1 0-4.845l19.54-19.149a3.486 3.486 0 0 1 4.895 0l19.538 19.15a3.4 3.4 0 0 1 0 4.845 3.485 3.485 0 0 1-4.893.001L22.999 9.294z"/></svg></button> <script> window.lazySizesConfig = window.lazySizesConfig || {}; window.lazySizesConfig.pictureRenderer = '1.1'; window.lazySizesConfig.customMedia = {"--small":"(min-width: 220px)","--medium":"(min-width: 900px)","--large":"(min-width: 1400px)","mobile":"(min-width: 220px)","tablet":"(min-width: 900px)","desktop":"(min-width: 1400px)"}; </script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/plugins/nobelprize-block-library/dist/js/frontend.js?ver=caaa306ca540657ccbf9" id="nobelprize_block_library_frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/dist/js/frontend.js?ver=876a6e0119578e9b1801" id="frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/assets/js/frontend/lib/bgset/ls.bgset.min.js?ver=1731929817" id="lazy-sizes-bg-set-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/assets/js/frontend/lib/lazysizes/lazysizes.min.js?ver=1731929817" id="lazy-sizes-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/assets/js/frontend/lib/objectfit/ls.object-fit.min.js?ver=1731929817" id="lazy-sizes-object-fit-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/plugins/nobelprize/assets/js/admin/lib/flickity/flickity.pkgd.js?ver=1731929817" id="flickity-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/assets/js/frontend/lib/clamp/clamp.min.js?ver=1731929817" id="clamp-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202447.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"197939892\",\"post\":\"0\",\"tz\":\"1\",\"srv\":\"www.nobelprize.org\",\"j\":\"1:13.9.1\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "197939892", "0" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.eu01.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-0940f7eaf4cb46e1cfe","applicationID":"212354543","transactionName":"MhBSZQoZXUZZB0UMCwtac0QLDFxYFyZdCgNFJVFWHQ==","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":233,"atts":"HldFE0IDThkaBRNfHxgI","errorBeacon":"bam.eu01.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>