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Uddin</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Imam Uddin"> <meta name="keywords" content="Imam Uddin"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Imam Uddin"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 146</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Imam Uddin</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> Imami Shia and Democracy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Reza%20Shariatmadari">Hamid Reza Shariatmadari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Muslims who believe in twelve Imams and believe that their twelfth Imam is now hidden, because of their kind of consideration of immune Imam as their unique canonical authority for interpretation of Islam, are subject of these important questions; how can you be democratic? And can you speak of democracy as the best model of governing? Answering this question, we can talk firstly about the nature of democracy and realize it as a way and mechanism not as a philosophy of identity and secondly we can refer to the nature and functions of Imam in Shiism and thirdly we will focus on the age of Ghaybah (Or concealment of Imam). In such a time we can or have to combine domination of Islamic Faqis (Islamic Jurists) and democracy which is known in Shiite Iran for instance as religious democracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiism" title="Shiism">Shiism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concealment%20of%20Imam" title=" concealment of Imam"> concealment of Imam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20Jurists" title=" Islamic Jurists"> Islamic Jurists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Democracy" title=" Democracy"> Democracy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19188/imami-shia-and-democracy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">145</span> Negation of Insinuation Rule on the Ideas of Imam Khomeini (RA)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Jafar%20Hosseini">Seyed Jafar Hosseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahim%20Vakilzadeh"> Rahim Vakilzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Movassagi"> Hassan Movassagi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ‘Negation of insinuation’ or ‘negation of dominance’ Rule is considered as one of the most important principles governing the policies and external relations of Islamic and religious countries. The stable and influential role which this rule puts on the behavior and policies of the Islamic religion and foreign policies of Islamic countries shows the importance of the presented topic. Among Islamic scholars, Imam Khomeini (RA) has been paid most attention to this rule on governing issues. In the present study, we are going to investigate the nature and dimensions of Negation of insinuation rule in Imam Khomeini's ideas with an analytical and descriptive method. The obtained results show that Negation of insinuation rule is an effective and main guidance in Imam's thoughts and behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negation%20of%20insinuation%20Rule" title="negation of insinuation Rule">negation of insinuation Rule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imam%20Khomeini%20%28RA%29" title=" Imam Khomeini (RA)"> Imam Khomeini (RA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20domination" title=" cultural domination"> cultural domination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20domination" title=" political domination"> political domination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20domination" title=" economic domination"> economic domination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64580/negation-of-insinuation-rule-on-the-ideas-of-imam-khomeini-ra" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> Redefining of Islamic Unity based on Imam Khomeini Points of View</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Molavi">Mohammad Molavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Nourai"> Mohsen Nourai </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The emancipation of the Muslim nation from the numerous problems and achieving to the decent position is one of the old desires of Muslim. Increasing efforts to realize this wish based on religious and rational teachings is the main goal for Muslim reformist. Almost all scholars relying on the Qur'an teaching emphasize on the significant role of Islamic Unity for the revival of Islamic civilization. But their methods for achieving to the Islamic Unity are not so clear. Generally speaking, failure to provide specific solutions, uncertainty in the face of universal literature in politics and governance, and etc. are some of the challenges facing the Islamic Unity.This paper via the descriptive-analytical method and by focusing on theoretical aspects of the subject has attempted to analyze Imam Khomeini points of view. Research findings show that there are several significant differences between Imam Khomeini's idea of Islamic Unity and ideas like 'Pan-Turkism', 'Pan-Arabism' and so on. Some of Imam Khomeini's principles in this regard are as follow: Strategic approach to unity, relying on juridical certain and systematic attitude, comprehensive approach, Holistic, rationality, and moderation. So, there is no any generality speaking or ambiguity in Khomeini's thought. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qur%27an" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imam%20Khomeini" title=" Imam Khomeini"> Imam Khomeini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20unity" title=" islamic unity"> islamic unity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20nation" title=" islamic nation"> islamic nation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20political%20thought" title=" islamic political thought"> islamic political thought</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37207/redefining-of-islamic-unity-based-on-imam-khomeini-points-of-view" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> Strategic Orientation of Islamic Banks: A Review of Strategy Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imam%20Uddin">Imam Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imtiaz%20Ahmed%20Memon"> Imtiaz Ahmed Memon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper analyzes the ideological contextuality of market oriented strategy language used by Industry leaders to envision the future of Islamic financial Institutions (IFIs) in the light of Wittgenstein language-games and Foucault’s power-discourse framework. The analysis infers that the explicit market orientation of strategy language and modern knowledge of finance now defines various concepts related of Islamic finance, let alone Islamic finance theory itself. Theorizing and practicing Islamic finance therefore under the dominant influence of modern strategy discourse and modern knowledge of finance has significant implications for developing an ethical and spiritual orientation of Islamic banks. The concerned academia and scholarship therefore need to review such trends and work around the possible degradation to the public image of IFIs and resulting disappointments of religiously inspired customers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20finance%20discourse" title="Islamic finance discourse">Islamic finance discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy%20discourse" title=" strategy discourse"> strategy discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20games" title=" language games"> language games</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20intent" title=" strategic intent"> strategic intent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productive%20misunderstanding" title=" productive misunderstanding"> productive misunderstanding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45420/strategic-orientation-of-islamic-banks-a-review-of-strategy-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> A Cost Effective Solar Powered Water Pump Solution for Household Application in the Rural Area of Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khosru%20M.%20Salim">Khosru M. Salim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Jasim%20Uddin"> Md. Jasim Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Rejwan%20Uddin"> Mohammad Rejwan Uddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Developing countries like Bangladesh has huge population lives in the rural areas out of electricity. They are using manually operated tube well for collecting underground water to meet their daily demand. A human labour is required to lift water from tube well. Sometimes, it is impossible for a elementary school going child to operate a tube well in the school. Solar powered water pump could be a sustainable water pumping solution in the rural area of Bangladesh. To minimize the cost, a 0.5 horse power solar water pump is designed considering the requirement of water for a typical house hold in this research. A prototype of the 0.5 hp capacity system is implemented and tested in the rooftop of the university lab to validate the performances. Based on the experimental data, the performance of the system is analyzed and presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20pump" title="water pump">water pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20photovoltaic%20module" title=" solar photovoltaic module"> solar photovoltaic module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20analysis" title=" performance analysis"> performance analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feasibility%20study" title=" feasibility study"> feasibility study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41532/a-cost-effective-solar-powered-water-pump-solution-for-household-application-in-the-rural-area-of-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> Disaster Probability Analysis of Banghabandhu Multipurpose Bridge for Train Accidents and Its Socio-Economic Impact on Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahab%20Uddin">Shahab Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazi%20M.%20Uddin"> Kazi M. Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamamah%20Sadiqa"> Hamamah Sadiqa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with the Banghabandhu Multipurpose Bridge (BMB), the 11th longest bridge in the world was constructed in 1998 aimed at contributing to promote economic development in Bangladesh. In recent years, however, the high incidence of traffic accidents and injuries at the bridge sites looms as a great safety concern. Investigation into the derailment of nine bogies out of thirteen of Dinajpur-bound intercity train ‘Drutajan Express ’were derailed and inclined on the Banghabandhu Multipurpose Bridge on 28 April 2014. The train accident in Bridge will be deep concern for both structural safety of bridge and people than other vehicles accident. In this study we analyzed the disaster probability of the Banghabandhu Multipurpose Bridge for accidents by checking the fitness of Bridge structure. We found that train accident impact is more risky than other vehicles accidents. We also found that socio-economic impact on Bangladesh will be deep concerned. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=train%20accident" title="train accident">train accident</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=derailment" title=" derailment"> derailment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaster" title=" disaster"> disaster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic" title=" socio-economic"> socio-economic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60020/disaster-probability-analysis-of-banghabandhu-multipurpose-bridge-for-train-accidents-and-its-socio-economic-impact-on-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">140</span> Starting the Hospitalization Procedure with a Medicine Combination in the Cardiovascular Department of the Imam Reza (AS) Mashhad Hospital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryamsadat%20Habibi">Maryamsadat Habibi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: pharmaceutical errors are avoidable occurrences that can result in inappropriate pharmaceutical use, patient harm, treatment failure, increased hospital costs and length of stay, and other outcomes that affect both the individual receiving treatment and the healthcare provider. This study aimed to perform a reconciliation of medications in the cardiovascular ward of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, and evaluate the prevalence of medication discrepancies between the best medication list created for the patient by the pharmacist and the medication order of the treating physician there. Materials & Methods: The 97 patients in the cardiovascular ward of the Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad were the subject of a cross-sectional study from June to September of 2021. After giving their informed consent and being admitted to the ward, all patients with at least one underlying condition and at least two medications being taken at home were included in the study. A medical reconciliation form was used to record patient demographics and medical histories during the first 24 hours of admission, and the information was contrasted with the doctors' orders. The doctor then discovered medication inconsistencies between the two lists and double-checked them to separate the intentional from the accidental anomalies. Finally, using SPSS software version 22, it was determined how common medical discrepancies are and how different sorts of discrepancies relate to various variables. Results: The average age of the participants in this study was 57.6915.84 years, with 57.7% of men and 42.3% of women. 95.9% of the patients among these people encountered at least one medication discrepancy, and 58.9% of them suffered at least one unintentional drug cessation. Out of the 659 medications registered in the study, 399 cases (60.54%) had inconsistencies, of which 161 cases (40.35%) involved the intentional stopping of a medication, 123 cases (30.82%) involved the stopping of a medication unintentionally, and 115 cases (28.82%) involved the continued use of a medication by adjusting the dose. Additionally, the category of cardiovascular pharmaceuticals and the category of gastrointestinal medications were found to have the highest medical inconsistencies in the current study. Furthermore, there was no correlation between the frequency of medical discrepancies and the following variables: age, ward, date of visit, type, and number of underlying diseases (P=0.13), P=0.61, P=0.72, P=0.82, P=0.44, and so forth. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant correlation between the number of medications taken at home (P=0.037) and the prevalence of medical discrepancies with gender (P=0.029). The results of this study revealed that 96% of patients admitted to the cardiovascular unit at Imam Reza Hospital had at least one medication error, which was typically an intentional drug discontinuance. According to the study's findings, patients admitted to Imam Reza Hospital's cardiovascular ward have a great potential for identifying and correcting various medication discrepancies as well as for avoiding prescription errors when the medication reconciliation method is used. As a result, it is essential to carry out a precise assessment to achieve the best treatment outcomes and avoid unintended medication discontinuation, unwanted drug-related events, and drug interactions between the patient's home medications and those prescribed in the hospital. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20combination" title="drug combination">drug combination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20side%20effects" title=" drug side effects"> drug side effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20incompatibility" title=" drug incompatibility"> drug incompatibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20department" title=" cardiovascular department"> cardiovascular department</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169010/starting-the-hospitalization-procedure-with-a-medicine-combination-in-the-cardiovascular-department-of-the-imam-reza-as-mashhad-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">139</span> Frequency of Oral Lesions in Newborns at Mashhad Imam Reza Hospital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Vaezi">Javad Vaezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraf%20Mohammadzadeh"> Ashraf Mohammadzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behjatalomoluk%20Ajami"> Behjatalomoluk Ajami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azin%20Vaezi"> Azin Vaezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aradokht%20Vaezi"> Aradokht Vaezi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Neonatal period is the first developing phase after birth, followed by different developmental processes up to the age of puberty. A neonate may be born with different oral lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral lesions in newborns at Mashhad Imam Reza Hospital, which belongs to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: In this cross–sectional descriptive study, 600 newborns were observed during 2.5 months in 2001. The total oral cavity, including the soft palate, hard palate, tongue, alveolar ridge, and oral cavity floor, was examined with a tongue blade and light. Results: Results showed that 52.6% of newborns (316 cases) had oral lesions. 0.66% cases had natal and neonatal teeth, 0.5% cases had congenital epulis, 1.8% cases were with ankyloglossia, 41.5% cases with Epstein’s pearls, 22.3% cases with Bohn nodules and 0.16% case with exostosis. There were no cases of cleft lip or cleft palate. The most frequent oral lesion observed was Epstein’s pearls. Conclusion: Our study showed that the prevalence of natal teeth in the city of Mashhad was more than in other countries except for Bohn nodule and Epstein’s pearls, which occurred less frequently than in other countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=newborn" title="newborn">newborn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20lesion" title=" oral lesion"> oral lesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title=" epidemiology"> epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency" title=" frequency"> frequency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162001/frequency-of-oral-lesions-in-newborns-at-mashhad-imam-reza-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">138</span> Memory and Myth in Future Cities Case Study: Walking to Imam Reza Holy Shrine of Mashhad, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samaneh%20Eshraghi%20Ivaria">Samaneh Eshraghi Ivaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Torkild%20Thellefsenb"> Torkild Thellefsenb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article discusses the significance of understanding the semiotics of future cities and recognizing the signs of cultural identity in contributing to the preservation of citizens' memories. The identities of citizens are conveyed through memories in urban planning, and with the rapid advancements in technology, cities are constantly changing. Therefore, preserving memories in the design of future cities is essential in maintaining a quality environment that reflects the citizens' identities. The article focuses on the semiotics of the movement pattern morphology in Mashhad city's historical area, using the historical interpretation method. The practice of walking to the shrine of Imam Reza as a religious building has been a historical and religious custom among Shiites from the past until now. By recognizing the signs that result from this religious and cultural approach on the morphology of the city, the aim of the research is to preserve the place of memories in future cities. Overall, the article highlights the importance of recognizing the cultural and historical significance of cities in designing future urban spaces. By doing so, it is possible to preserve the memories and identities of citizens, ensuring that the urban environment reflects the unique cultural heritage of a place. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memories" title="memories">memories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=future%20cities" title=" future cities"> future cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=movement%20pattern" title=" movement pattern"> movement pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mashhad" title=" mashhad"> mashhad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiotics" title=" semiotics"> semiotics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165425/memory-and-myth-in-future-cities-case-study-walking-to-imam-reza-holy-shrine-of-mashhad-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">137</span> Shia School of Thought and the Experience of Political Order in Contemporary Era</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulvahab%20Forati">Abdulvahab Forati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Religious intellectualism is the only stream of consciousness in Iran that its religious theories formed Democracy. The theory of Religious intellectualism was utilized in Constitutional Revolution and Islamic Revolution. To instate Democracy in Iran, in compare with West and sunnis, the theory of Religious Intellectualism is being used differently. Unlike Democracy in the west that has started with the concept of Individualism and Natural Rights or in Sunni world that has started with the concept of consultation, it has started in Iran with mima-la-nas-fih (what we don’t have any proof for)or mantaqa-alfiraq-altashri’ (area of vacuum from reason). Shia scholars first acquainted with the concept of Democracy through theories of Sheikh Mortiza Ansari, and later some of his followers, including Akhund-e-khorasani and Mirzaye naeini, regarding Sheikh Ansari’s thoughts, began to analyze its Constitutional system and Democratic elements. But Imam Khomeini, the great founder of Islamic Republic of Iran, with respect to RAKHS (religious permission for having a choice)could make connection between Islam and Democracy. Instead of focusing on Civil contracts, he relied on Sirah Ughala (Tradition) and accepted many of the current conducts, e.g. Democracy and Political Parties and acknowledged the authority (Hujiat) of them even in absence of Infallibles. These two are the most notable experiences of shia political thoughts about Democracy within the last 100 years. In this article, the author tries to explain the second experience in Imam Khomeini’s thoughts and Sirah. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shia%20school" title="Shia school">Shia school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20revolution" title=" Islamic revolution"> Islamic revolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title=" democracy"> democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20order" title=" political order"> political order</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18427/shia-school-of-thought-and-the-experience-of-political-order-in-contemporary-era" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> The Prevalence of Intubation Induced Dental Complications among Hospitalized Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorsa%20Rahi">Dorsa Rahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arghavan%20Tonkanbonbi"> Arghavan Tonkanbonbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soheila%20Manifar"> Soheila Manifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behzad%20Jafvarnejad"> Behzad Jafvarnejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aim: Intraoral manipulation is performed during endotracheal intubation for general anesthesia, which can traumatize the soft and hard tissue in the oral cavity and cause postoperative pain and discomfort. Dental trauma is the most common complication of intubation. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental complications due to intubation in patients hospitalized in Imam Khomeini Hospital during 2018-2019. Materials and Methods: A total of 805 patients presenting to the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital for preoperative anesthesia consultation were randomly enrolled. A dentist interviewed the patients and performed a comprehensive clinical oral examination preoperatively. The patients underwent clinical oral examination by another dentist postoperatively. Results: No significant correlation was found between dental trauma (tooth fracture, tooth mobility, or soft tissue injury) after intubation with the age or gender of patients. According to the Wilcoxon test and McNemar-Bowker Test, the rate of mobility before the intubation was significantly different from that after the intubation (P=0.000). Maxillary central incisors, maxillary left canine and mandibular right and left central incisors had the highest rate of fracture. Conclusion: Mobile teeth before the intubation are at higher risk of avulsion and aspiration during the procedure. Patients with primary temporomandibular joint disorders are more susceptible to post-intubation trismus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20trauma" title="oral trauma">oral trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20trauma" title=" dental trauma"> dental trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intubation" title=" intubation"> intubation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anesthesia" title=" anesthesia "> anesthesia </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134016/the-prevalence-of-intubation-induced-dental-complications-among-hospitalized-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134016.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> Integrated Dynamic Analysis of Semi-Submersible Flap Type Concept</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Rafiur%20Rahman">M. Rafiur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mezbah%20Uddin"> M. Mezbah Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Irfan%20Uddin"> Mohammad Irfan Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Moinul%20Islam"> M. Moinul Islam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With a rapid development of offshore renewable energy industry, the research activities in regards of harnessing power from offshore wind and wave energy are increasing day by day. Integration of wind turbines and wave energy converters into one combined semi-submersible platform might be a cost-economy and beneficial option. In this paper, the coupled integrated dynamic analysis in the time domain (TD) of a simplified semi-submersible flap type concept (SFC) is accomplished via state-of-the-art numerical code referred as Simo-Riflex-Aerodyn (SRA). This concept is a combined platform consisting of a semi-submersible floater supporting a 5 MW horizontal axis wind turbine (WT) and three elliptical shaped flap type wave energy converters (WECs) on three pontoons. The main focus is to validate the numerical model of SFC with experimental results and perform the frequency domain (FD) and TD response analysis. The numerical analysis is performed using potential flow theory for hydrodynamics and blade element momentum (BEM) theory for aerodynamics. A variety of environmental conditions encompassing the functional & survival conditions for short-term sea (1-hour simulation) are tested to evaluate the sustainability of the SFC. The numerical analysis is performed in full scale. Finally, the time domain analysis of heave, pitch & surge motions is performed numerically using SRA and compared with the experimental results. Due to the simplification of the model, there are some discrepancies which are discussed in brief. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupled%20integrated%20dynamic%20analysis" title="coupled integrated dynamic analysis">coupled integrated dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SFC" title=" SFC"> SFC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20domain%20analysis" title=" time domain analysis"> time domain analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20energy%20converters" title=" wave energy converters"> wave energy converters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81412/integrated-dynamic-analysis-of-semi-submersible-flap-type-concept" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> Morphological Transformation of Traditional Cities: The Case Study of the Historic Center of the City of Najaf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabeeh%20Lafta%20Farhan">Sabeeh Lafta Farhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ihsan%20Abbass%20Jasim"> Ihsan Abbass Jasim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohaib%20Kareem%20Al-Mamoori"> Sohaib Kareem Al-Mamoori</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study addresses the subject of transformation of urban structures and how does this transformation affect the character of traditional cities, which represents the research issue. Hence, the research has aimed at studying and learning about the urban structure characteristics and morphological transformation features in the traditional cities centers, and to look for means and methods to preserve the character of those cities. Cities are not merely locations inhabited by a large number of people, they are political and legal entities, in addition to economic activities that distinguish these cities, thus, they are a complex set of institutions, and the transformation in urban environment cannot be recognized without understanding these relationships. The research presumes an existing impact of urbanization on the properties of traditional structure of the Holy City of Najaf. The research has defined urbanization as restructuring and re-planning of urban areas that have lost their functions and bringing them into social and cultural life in the city, to be able to serve economy in order to better respond to the needs of users. Sacred Cities provide the organic connection between acts of worship and dealings and reveal the mechanisms and reasons behind the regulatory nature of the sacred shrine and their role in achieving organizational assimilation of urban morphology. The research has reached a theoretical framework of the particulars of urbanization. This framework has been applied to the historic center of the old city of Najaf, where the most important findings of the research were that the visual and structural dominant presence of holy shrine of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) remains to emphasize the visual particularity, and the main role of the city, which hosts one of the most important Muslim shrines in the world, in addition to the visible golden dome rising above the skyline, and the Imam Ali Mosque the hub and the center for religious activities. Thus, in view of being a place of main importance and a symbol of religious and Islamic culture, it is very important to have the shrine of Imam Ali (AS) prevailing on all zones of re-development in the old city. Consequently, the research underlined that the distinctive and unique character of the city of Najaf did not proceed from nothing, but was achieved through the unrivaled characteristics and features possessed by the city of Najaf alone, which allowed it and enabled it to occupy this status among the Arab and Muslim cities. That is why the activities arising from the development have to enhance the historical role of the city in order to have this development as clear support, strength and further addition to the city assets and its cultural heritage, and not seeing the developmental activities crushing the city urban traditional fabric, cultural heritage and its historical specificity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20city%20of%20Najaf" title=" the city of Najaf"> the city of Najaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage" title=" heritage"> heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20cities" title=" traditional cities"> traditional cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphological%20transformation" title=" morphological transformation"> morphological transformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46851/morphological-transformation-of-traditional-cities-the-case-study-of-the-historic-center-of-the-city-of-najaf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Pilgrimage: Between Culture and Religion Case study of Pilgrimage in Shia tradition in Indonesia, Traditional Philosophy approach of Seyyed Hosein Nasr and Religious Experience of William James</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma%27ruf">Ma'ruf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pilgrimage has a universal value, founded in every religion. No exception to Islam, has a ritual value, and became part of the religion, as well as the procession of a social culture in nature. The tradition of pilgrimage, especially in Indonesia, rooted in the society, because the Islam that entered into the archipelago through Sufism (tasawuf). In the Sufi tradition, the interconnecty of the human spirit (ruh) to the spirit (ruh) of God, must go through a guardian (wasilah) appointed by God himself ,the prophet Muhammad and wali. In the process of pilgrimage rituals usually by reading the prayer to praise God, the prophet and wali, then convey intent (hajat). In the pilgrimage procession, usually not only done in the house, but aslo completed the process by direct pilgrimage visiting the tombs of saints. The tradition of pilgrimage, especially in Indonesia continues to be maintained, and still attached to the traditions in Nahdiyin (NU followers). The relationship with God manifested in wasilah prayer to God, the prophet Muhammad, the best companions of the Prophet and Nine wali (Songo), who had been influential in spreading Islam in Java. The tradition of pilgrimage in Indonesia is also linked to the Shia community in Indonesia, along with a growing number of followers of the Shia in Indonesia, especially after the Islamic revolution of Iran after the 1979. Pilgrimage in the Shia community, Likewise NU members also pray with supplication of tawasul to the Prophet and Shia Imams. If NU members to make improvements pilgrimage to visit the tomb wali Songo in Java, residents Shia pilgrimage rituals abroad, usually one package with umrah trip, with a pilgrimage to the tomb of the prophet, proceed to the tomb of the Imam Shia, in Iran and Iraq. Trends of pilgrimage as a ritual in the Indonesian Shia tradition, together with the growing number of Shia residents increased, followed by increasing the awareness (syi’isme) - bond with the Imam, Shia. In every certain months (arbaeen, asyuro) Shia pilgrims routinely perform pilgrimage, along with increasing number spiritual travel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20approach" title="traditional approach">traditional approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20experience" title=" religious experience"> religious experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pilgrimage" title=" pilgrimage"> pilgrimage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syria" title=" Syria"> Syria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44045/pilgrimage-between-culture-and-religion-case-study-of-pilgrimage-in-shia-tradition-in-indonesia-traditional-philosophy-approach-of-seyyed-hosein-nasr-and-religious-experience-of-william-james" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> Information Technology Service Management System Measurement Using ISO20000-1 and ISO15504-8</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imam%20Asrowardi">Imam Asrowardi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Septafiansyah%20Dwi%20Putra"> Septafiansyah Dwi Putra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eko%20Subyantoro"> Eko Subyantoro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Process assessments can improve IT service management system (IT SMS) processes but the assessment method is not always transparent. This paper outlines a project to develop a solution- mediated process assessment tool to enable transparent and objective SMS process assessment. Using the international standards for SMS and process assessment, the tool is being developed following the International standard approach in collaboration and evaluate by expert judgment from committee members and ITSM practitioners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMS" title="SMS">SMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tools%20evaluation" title=" tools evaluation"> tools evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ITIL" title=" ITIL"> ITIL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%20service" title=" ISO service"> ISO service</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69733/information-technology-service-management-system-measurement-using-iso20000-1-and-iso15504-8" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">480</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> A Study on the Synthesis of Boron Nitride Microtubes </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pervaiz%20Ahmad">Pervaiz Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayeen%20Uddin%20Khandaker"> Mayeen Uddin Khandaker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusoff%20Mohd%20Amin"> Yusoff Mohd Amin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A unique cone-like morphologies of boron nitride microtubes with larger internal space and thin walls structure are synthesized in a dual zone quartz tube furnace at 1200 ° C with ammonia as a reaction atmosphere. The synthesized microtubes are found to have diameter in the range of 1 to ̴ 2 μm with walls thickness estimated from 10 – 100 nm. XPS survey shows N 1s and B 1s peaks at 398.7 eV and 191 eV that represent h-BN in the sample. Raman spectroscopy indicates a high intensity peak at 1372.53 (cm-1) that corresponds to the E2g mode of h-BN. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BNMTs" title="BNMTs">BNMTs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis" title=" synthesis"> synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reaction%20atmosphere" title=" reaction atmosphere"> reaction atmosphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30502/a-study-on-the-synthesis-of-boron-nitride-microtubes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30502.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> A Critical Analysis of How the Role of the Imam Can Best Meet the Changing Social, Cultural, and Faith-Based Needs of Muslim Families in 21st Century Britain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christine%20Hough">Christine Hough</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eddie%20Abbott-Halpin"> Eddie Abbott-Halpin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tariq%20Mahmood"> Tariq Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessica%20Giles"> Jessica Giles</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper draws together the findings from two research studies, each undertaken with cohorts of South Asian Muslim respondents located in the North of England between 2017 and 2019. The first study, entitled Faith Family and Crime (FFC), investigated the extent to which a Muslim family’s social and health well-being is affected by a family member’s involvement in the Criminal Justice System (CJS). This study captured a range of data through a detailed questionnaire and structured interviews. The data from the interview transcripts were analysed using open coding and an application of aspects of the grounded theory approach. The findings provide clear evidence that the respondents were neither well-informed nor supported throughout the processes of the CJS, from arrest to post-sentencing. These experiences gave rise to mental and physical stress, potentially unfair sentencing, and a significant breakdown in communication within the respondents’ families. They serve to highlight a particular aspect of complexity in the current needs of those South Asian Muslim families who find themselves involved in the CJS and is closely connected to family structure, culture, and faith. The second study, referred to throughout this paper as #ImamsBritain (that provides the majority of content for this paper), explores how Imams, in their role as community faith leaders, can best address the complex – and changing - needs of South Asian Muslims families, such as those that emerged in the findings from FFC. The changing socio-economic and political climates of the last thirty or so years have brought about significant changes to the lives of Muslim families, and these have created more complex levels of social, cultural, and faith-based needs for families and individuals. As a consequence, Imams now have much greater demands made of them, and so their role has undergone far-reaching changes in response to this. The #ImamsBritain respondents identified a pressing need to develop a wider range of pastoral and counseling skills, which they saw as extending far beyond the traditional role of the Imam as a religious teacher and spiritual guide. The #ImamsBritain project was conducted with a cohort of British Imams in the North of England. Data was collected firstly through a questionnaire that related to the respondents’ training and development needs and then analysed in depth using the Delphi approach. Through Delphi, the data were scrutinized in depth using interpretative content analysis. The findings from this project reflect the respondents’ individual perceptions of the kind of training and development they need to fulfill their role in 21st Century Britain. They also provide a unique framework for constructing a professional guide for Imams in Great Britain. The discussions and critical analyses in this paper draw on the discourses of professionalization and pastoral care and relevant reports and reviews on Imam training in Europe and Canada. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminal%20justice%20system" title="criminal justice system">criminal justice system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faith%20and%20culture" title=" faith and culture"> faith and culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imams" title=" Imams"> Imams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muslim%20community%20leadership" title=" Muslim community leadership"> Muslim community leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professionalization" title=" professionalization"> professionalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Asian%20family%20structure" title=" South Asian family structure"> South Asian family structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140621/a-critical-analysis-of-how-the-role-of-the-imam-can-best-meet-the-changing-social-cultural-and-faith-based-needs-of-muslim-families-in-21st-century-britain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> Phytochemical Screening and Toxicological Studies of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Boswellia papyrifera (DEL) in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Abdulmumin">Y. Abdulmumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20I.%20Matazu"> K. I. Matazu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Wudil"> A. M. Wudil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20J.%20Alhassan"> A. J. Alhassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Imam"> A. A. Imam </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phytochemical analysis of Boswellia papryfera confirms the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides in its aqueous stem bark extract at different concentration, with tannins being the highest (0.611 ± 0.002 g %). Acute toxicity test (LD50, oral, rat) of the extract showed no mortality at up to 5000 mg/kg and the animals were found active and healthy. The extract was declared as practically non-toxic, this suggest the safety of the extract in traditional medicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20toxicity" title="acute toxicity">acute toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20extract" title=" aqueous extract"> aqueous extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boswellia%20papryfera" title=" boswellia papryfera"> boswellia papryfera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemicals%20and%20stem%20bark" title=" phytochemicals and stem bark"> phytochemicals and stem bark</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34095/phytochemical-screening-and-toxicological-studies-of-aqueous-stem-bark-extract-of-boswellia-papyrifera-del-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> Phytochemical Screening and Toxicological Studies of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Boswellia papyrifera (DEL) in Albino Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Abdulmumin">Y. Abdulmumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20I.%20Matazu"> K. I. Matazu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Wudil"> A. M. Wudil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20J.%20Alhassan"> A. J. Alhassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Imam"> A. A. Imam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phytochemical analysis of Boswellia papryfera confirms the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides in its aqueous stem bark extract at different concentration, with tannins being the highest (0.611 ± 0.002 g %). Acute toxicity test (LD50,oral, rat) of the extract showed no mortality at up to 5000 mg/kg and the animals were found active and healthy. The extract was declared as practically non-toxic, this suggest the safety of the extract in traditional medicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20toxicity" title="acute toxicity">acute toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20extract" title=" aqueous extract"> aqueous extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boswellia%20papryfera" title=" boswellia papryfera"> boswellia papryfera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemicals" title=" phytochemicals"> phytochemicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20bark%20extract" title=" stem bark extract"> stem bark extract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34096/phytochemical-screening-and-toxicological-studies-of-aqueous-stem-bark-extract-of-boswellia-papyrifera-del-in-albino-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> An Efficient Approach to Optimize the Cost and Profit of a Tea Garden by Using Branch and Bound Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Hashan%20Md%20Mashud">Abu Hashan Md Mashud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sharif%20Uddin"> M. Sharif Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminur%20Rahman%20Khan"> Aminur Rahman Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we formulate a new problem as a linear programming and Integer Programming problem and maximize profit within the limited budget and limited resources based on the construction of a tea garden problem. It describes a new idea about how to optimize profit and focuses on the practical aspects of modeling and the challenges of providing a solution to a complex real life problem. Finally, a comparative study is carried out among Graphical method, Simplex method and Branch and bound method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integer%20programming" title="integer programming">integer programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tea%20garden" title=" tea garden"> tea garden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphical%20method" title=" graphical method"> graphical method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simplex%20method" title=" simplex method"> simplex method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branch%20and%20bound%20method" title=" branch and bound method"> branch and bound method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2584/an-efficient-approach-to-optimize-the-cost-and-profit-of-a-tea-garden-by-using-branch-and-bound-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">623</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Flood Scenarios for Hydrological and Hydrodynamic Modelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sharif%20Imam%20Ibne%20Amir">M. Sharif Imam Ibne Amir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Masud%20Kamal%20Khan"> Mohammad Masud Kamal Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Golam%20Rasul"> Mohammad Golam Rasul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20H.%20Sharma"> Raj H. Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatema%20Akram"> Fatema Akram </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Future flood can be predicted using the probable maximum flood (PMF). PMF is calculated using the historical discharge or rainfall data considering the other climatic parameter stationary. However, climate is changing globally and the key climatic variables are temperature, evaporation, rainfall and sea level rise (SLR). To develop scenarios to a basin or catchment scale these important climatic variables should be considered. Nowadays scenario based on climatic variables is more suitable than PMF. Six scenarios were developed for a large Fitzroy basin and presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title=" rainfall"> rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20evaporation" title=" potential evaporation"> potential evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scenario" title=" scenario"> scenario</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20level%20rise%20%28SLR%29" title=" sea level rise (SLR)"> sea level rise (SLR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-catchment" title=" sub-catchment"> sub-catchment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17875/flood-scenarios-for-hydrological-and-hydrodynamic-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">531</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Restoring Ecosystem Balance in Arid Regions: A Case Study of a Royal Nature Reserve in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talal%20Alharigi">Talal Alharigi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kawther%20Alshlash"> Kawther Alshlash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariska%20Weijerman"> Mariska Weijerman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The government of Saudi Arabia has developed an ambitious “Vision 2030”, which includes a Green Initiative (i.e., the planting of 10 billion trees) and the establishment of seven Royal Reserves as protected areas that comprise 13% of the total land area. The main objective of the reserves is to restore ecosystem balance and reconnect people with nature. Two royal reserves are managed by The Imam Abdulaziz bin Mohammed Royal Reserve Development Authority, including Imam Abdulaziz bin Mohammed Royal Reserve and King Khalid Royal Reserve. The authority has developed a management plan to enhance the habitat through seed dispersal and the planting of 10 million trees, and to restock wildlife that was once abundant in these arid ecosystems (e.g., oryx, Nubian ibex, gazelles, red-necked ostrich). Expectations are that with the restoration of the native vegetation, soil condition and natural hydrologic processes will improve and lead to further enhancement of vegetation and, over time, an increase in biodiversity of flora and fauna. To evaluate the management strategies in reaching these expectations, a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation program was developed. The main objectives of this program are to (1) monitor the status and trends of indicator species, (2) improve desert ecosystem understanding, (3) assess the effects of human activities, and (4) provide science-based management recommendations. Using a random stratified survey design, a diverse suite of survey methods will be implemented, including belt and quadrant transects, camera traps, GPS tracking devices, and drones. Data will be gathered on biotic parameters (plant and animal diversity, density, and distribution) and abiotic parameters (humidity, temperature, precipitation, wind, air, soil quality, vibrations, and noise levels) to meet the goals of the monitoring program. This case study intends to provide a detailed overview of the management plan and monitoring program of two royal reserves and outlines the types of data gathered which can be made available for future research projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=camera%20traps" title="camera traps">camera traps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desert%20ecosystem" title=" desert ecosystem"> desert ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhancement" title=" enhancement"> enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPS%20tracking" title=" GPS tracking"> GPS tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management%20evaluation" title=" management evaluation"> management evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title=" monitoring"> monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planting" title=" planting"> planting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restocking" title=" restocking"> restocking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restoration" title=" restoration"> restoration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146074/restoring-ecosystem-balance-in-arid-regions-a-case-study-of-a-royal-nature-reserve-in-the-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146074.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> Prevalence and Pattern of Modern Contraceptive Use among Chittagong City Slum Dwellers in Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahera%20Begum">Tahera Begum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabina%20Yeasmin"> Sabina Yeasmin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jalal%20Uddin"> Jalal Uddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ten slums of ten wards of Chittagong city corporation of Bangladesh were conveniently selected to know about modern contraceptive use by the slum dwellers. Total 300 family heads or their wives were interviewed with a questionnaire in February 2014. Family size was 4.62. Among 300 families 248 eligible couples were found. 57% eligible couples use different modern contraceptive measures. Remaining 43% eligible couples do not use modern contraceptive measures. Among the users 58% use oral pill, 30% injectables, 8% use condom, 3% were found with ligation and only 1% with vasectomy. Contraceptive prevalence rate has been increased and pattern as changed. A discussion is made with literature review. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conraceptive" title="conraceptive">conraceptive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangladesh" title=" Bangladesh"> Bangladesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family" title=" family"> family</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pill" title=" pill "> pill </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11676/prevalence-and-pattern-of-modern-contraceptive-use-among-chittagong-city-slum-dwellers-in-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11676.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> Effect of Base Coarse Layer on Load-Settlement Characteristics of Sandy Subgrade Using Plate Load Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nazeri">A. Nazeri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ziaie%20Moayed"> R. Ziaie Moayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Ghiasinejad"> H. Ghiasinejad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present research has been performed to investigate the effect of base course application on load-settlement characteristics of sandy subgrade using plate load test. The main parameter investigated in this study was the subgrade reaction coefficient. The model tests were conducted in a 1.35 m long, 1 m wide, and 1 m deep steel test box of Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU Calibration Chamber). The base courses used in this research were in three different thicknesses of 15 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm. The test results indicated that in the case of using base course over loose sandy subgrade, the values of subgrade reaction coefficient can be increased from 7  to 132 , 224 , and 396  in presence of 15 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm base course, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulus%20of%20subgrade%20reaction" title="modulus of subgrade reaction">modulus of subgrade reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20load%20test" title=" plate load test"> plate load test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20course" title=" base course"> base course</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandy%20subgrade" title=" sandy subgrade"> sandy subgrade</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80835/effect-of-base-coarse-layer-on-load-settlement-characteristics-of-sandy-subgrade-using-plate-load-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80835.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> DNA Multiplier: A Design Architecture of a Multiplier Circuit Using DNA Molecules</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Md.%20Hasan%20Babu">Hafiz Md. Hasan Babu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khandaker%20Mohammad%20Mohi%20Uddin"> Khandaker Mohammad Mohi Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nitish%20Biswas"> Nitish Biswas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarreha%20Tasmin%20Rikta"> Sarreha Tasmin Rikta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuzmul%20Hossain%20Nahid"> Nuzmul Hossain Nahid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanomedicine and bioengineering use biological systems that can perform computing operations. In a biocomputational circuit, different types of biomolecules and DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) are used as active components. DNA computing has the capability of performing parallel processing and a large storage capacity that makes it diverse from other computing systems. In most processors, the multiplier is treated as a core hardware block, and multiplication is one of the time-consuming and lengthy tasks. In this paper, cost-effective DNA multipliers are designed using algorithms of molecular DNA operations with respect to conventional ones. The speed and storage capacity of a DNA multiplier are also much higher than a traditional silicon-based multiplier. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20systems" title="biological systems">biological systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20multiplier" title=" DNA multiplier"> DNA multiplier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20storage" title=" large storage"> large storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20processing" title=" parallel processing"> parallel processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141053/dna-multiplier-a-design-architecture-of-a-multiplier-circuit-using-dna-molecules" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> Entomological Origin of Honey Discriminated by NMR Chloroform Extracts in Ecuadorian Honey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Vit">P. Vit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Uddin"> J. Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Zuccato"> V. Zuccato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Maza"> F. Maza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Schievano"> E. Schievano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Ecuador honeys are produced by Apis mellifera and stingless bees (Meliponini). We studied honey produced in beeswax combs by Apis mellifera, and honey produced in pots by Geotrigona and Scaptotrigona bees. Chloroform extracts of honey were obtained for fast NMR spectra. The 1D spectra were acquired at 298 K, with a 600 MHz NMR Bruker instrument, using a modified double pulsed field gradient spin echoes (DPFGSE) sequence. Signals of 1H NMR spectra were integrated and used as inputs for PCA, PLS-DA analysis, and labelled sets of classes were successfully identified, enhancing the separation between the three groups of honey according to the entomological origin: A. mellifera, Geotrigona and Scaptotrigona. This procedure is therefore recommended for authenticity test of honey in Ecuador. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apis%20mellifera" title="Apis mellifera">Apis mellifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honey" title=" honey"> honey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1H%20NMR" title=" 1H NMR"> 1H NMR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entomological%20origin" title=" entomological origin"> entomological origin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meliponini" title=" meliponini "> meliponini </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24309/entomological-origin-of-honey-discriminated-by-nmr-chloroform-extracts-in-ecuadorian-honey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Guidance on Writing Operation Notes in Ophthalmic Surgeries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasse%20Uddin%20Ahmed%20Saleh">Wasse Uddin Ahmed Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawreenbinte%20Anwar"> Nawreenbinte Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A well-written operating note is crucial as a teaching tool for providing patients with high-quality medical care and fending off medico-legal claims. In this review article, some adjustments have been advised to the operative note guidelines by the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) for different methods of ocular anesthesia and ophthalmic procedures like cataract surgeries, kerato-refractive surgeries, glaucoma surgeries, oculoplastic surgeries, etc. Some modifications of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist have also been mentioned, including pre-operative responsibilities of the nurses, operative assistants and operating ophthalmologists. It has become essential to assemble globally accepted structured operative note guidelines modified for each ocular surgery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocular%20surgeries" title="ocular surgeries">ocular surgeries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20notes" title=" operation notes"> operation notes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cataract%20surgery" title=" cataract surgery"> cataract surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kerato-refractive%20surgery" title=" kerato-refractive surgery"> kerato-refractive surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oculoplastic%20surgeries" title=" Oculoplastic surgeries"> Oculoplastic surgeries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guidelines" title=" guidelines"> guidelines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161673/guidance-on-writing-operation-notes-in-ophthalmic-surgeries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Pregnancy through the Lens of Iranian Women with HIV: A Qualitative</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20BehboodiI-Moghadam">Zahra BehboodiI-Moghadam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohre%20Khalajinia"> Zohre Khalajinia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Reza%20Nikbakht%20Nasrabadi"> Ali Reza Nikbakht Nasrabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minoo%20Mohraz"> Minoo Mohraz </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of our study was to explore and describe the experiences of pregnant women with HIV in Iran. A qualitative exploratory study with conventional content analysis was used. Twelve pregnant women with HIV who referred to perinatal care at the Imam Khomeini Hospital Behavioral Diseases Consultation: Center in Tehran were recruited to participate in in-depth interviews. The average age of the participants was 32.5 years. Four main themes were extracted from the data: “fear and hope, “stigma and discrimination, “marital life stability” and “trust”. The findings reveal the pregnant women living with HIV are vulnerable and need professional support. Improving the knowledge of healthcare professionals especially midwifes on pregnancy complications for women with HIV is crucial in order to provide high-quality care to pregnant women with HIV-positive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy" title=" pregnancy"> pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20analysis" title=" content analysis"> content analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiences" title=" experiences"> experiences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20research" title=" qualitative research"> qualitative research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15977/pregnancy-through-the-lens-of-iranian-women-with-hiv-a-qualitative" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15977.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> Heat Transfer Enhancement by Turbulent Impinging Jet with Jet's Velocity Field Excitations Using OpenFOAM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naseem%20Uddin">Naseem Uddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Impinging jets are used in variety of engineering and industrial applications. This paper is based on numerical simulations of heat transfer by turbulent impinging jet with velocity field excitations using different Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations models. Also Detached Eddy Simulations are conducted to investigate the differences in the prediction capabilities of these two simulation approaches. In this paper the excited jet is simulated in non-commercial CFD code OpenFOAM with the goal to understand the influence of dynamics of impinging jet on heat transfer. The jet’s frequencies are altered keeping in view the preferred mode of the jet. The Reynolds number based on mean velocity and diameter is 23,000 and jet’s outlet-to-target wall distance is 2. It is found that heat transfer at the target wall can be influenced by judicious selection of amplitude and frequencies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excitation" title="excitation">excitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impinging%20jet" title=" impinging jet"> impinging jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20frequency" title=" natural frequency"> natural frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence%20models" title=" turbulence models"> turbulence models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59849/heat-transfer-enhancement-by-turbulent-impinging-jet-with-jets-velocity-field-excitations-using-openfoam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Using Focus Group Method to Identify Citizen Requirements to Saudi Mobile Government Services</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Alotaibi">S. Alotaibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Roussinov"> D. Roussinov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile government services implementation faces several challenges in developing countries. This paper studies some of those challenges in the context of Saudi Arabia. The study aims to investigate factors affecting m-government acceptance in Saudi Arabia, including ease of use, usefulness, service quality, trust, intention to use and users’ satisfaction. Our investigation will help in integrating the m-government services in citizens’ everyday life. We collected and analyzed our data from focus groups. These focus groups are from King Saud University and Imam Muhammed Bin Saud University, so the samples size are five and seven participants, respectively. We found that there are some factors to identifying citizen requirements to Saudi mobile government services. These services should be easy to use and not require too much effort. Also, these services must be fully trusted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-government" title="e-government">e-government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=m-government" title=" m-government"> m-government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=focus%20group" title=" focus group"> focus group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20mobile%20government%20services" title=" Saudi mobile government services"> Saudi mobile government services</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59830/using-focus-group-method-to-identify-citizen-requirements-to-saudi-mobile-government-services" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads 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