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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Formative years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formative_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"March_of_the_Mill_Children"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"March_of_the_Mill_Children""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>"March of the Mill Children"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"March_of_the_Mill_Children"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activism_and_criminal_charges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activism_and_criminal_charges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Activism and criminal charges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activism_and_criminal_charges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music_and_the_other_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_the_other_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Music and the other arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_the_other_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mother Jones</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="ماري هاريس جونز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماري هاريس جونز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris" title="Mary Harris – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mary Harris" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="মাদার জোন্স – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাদার জোন্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majka_Jones" title="Majka Jones – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Majka Jones" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mother Jones" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris" title="Mary Harris – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mary Harris" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mother Jones" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris" title="Mary Harris – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mary Harris" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="مری هریس جونز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مری هریس جونز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC_%ED%95%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EC%A1%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="메리 해리스 존스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메리 해리스 존스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Մերի Հարրիս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մերի Հարրիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris" title="Mary Harris – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mary Harris" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris" title="Mary Harris – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mary Harris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="מרי האריס ג'ונס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרי האריס ג'ונס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris" title="Mary Harris – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mary Harris" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Мери Харис – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мери Харис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മേരി ഹാരിസ് ജോൺസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മേരി ഹാരിസ് ജോൺസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="مارى هاريس جونز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارى هاريس جونز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA" title="マザー・ジョーンズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マザー・ジョーンズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mother Jones" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="مادر جونز – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مادر جونز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris" title="Mary Harris – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mary Harris" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris" title="Mary Harris – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mary Harris" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81,_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Харрис, Мэри – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Харрис, Мэри" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harrisov%C3%A1_Jonesov%C3%A1" title="Mary Harrisová Jonesová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mary Harrisová Jonesová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mother Jones" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Мери Харис – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мери Харис" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris" title="Mary Harris – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mary Harris" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84iti_Jones" title="Äiti Jones – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Äiti Jones" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mother Jones" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="மேரி ஹாரிசு ஜோன்சு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேரி ஹாரிசு ஜோன்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jones_Ana" title="Jones Ana – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jones Ana" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81" title="Мері Гарріс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мері Гарріс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mary Harris Jones" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="琼斯夫人 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="琼斯夫人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="瓊斯夫人 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="瓊斯夫人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="瓊斯夫人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瓊斯夫人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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<div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the labor organizer. For the magazine, see <a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)"><i>Mother Jones</i> (magazine)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Mother Jones</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mother_Jones_1902-11-04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Mother_Jones_1902-11-04.jpg/220px-Mother_Jones_1902-11-04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Mother_Jones_1902-11-04.jpg/330px-Mother_Jones_1902-11-04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Mother_Jones_1902-11-04.jpg/440px-Mother_Jones_1902-11-04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Jones in 1902</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Mary G. Harris</div><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Ireland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Baptized</th><td class="infobox-data">August 1, 1837</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 30, 1930 (aged 93)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring,_Maryland" title="Silver Spring, Maryland">Silver Spring, Maryland</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Union_Miners_Cemetery" title="Union Miners Cemetery">Union Miners Cemetery</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olive,_Illinois" title="Mount Olive, Illinois">Mount Olive, Illinois</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Union organizer</li> <li>community organizer</li> <li>activist</li> <li>schoolteacher</li> <li>dressmaker</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_America" title="Social Democratic Party of America">Social Democratic</a> (1898–1901)<br /><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist</a> (from 1901)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mary G. Harris Jones</b> (1837 (baptized) – November 30, 1930), known as <b>Mother Jones</b> from 1897 onward, was an Irish-born American labor organizer, former schoolteacher, and dressmaker who became a prominent <a href="/wiki/Union_organizer" title="Union organizer">union organizer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Community_organizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Community organizer">community organizer</a>, and activist. She helped coordinate major strikes, secure bans on <a href="/wiki/Child_labor_in_the_United_States" title="Child labor in the United States">child labor</a>, and co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Labor_unionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor unionist">Labor unionist</a> trade union, the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a> (IWW). </p><p>After Jones's husband and four children all died of <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a> in 1867 and her dress shop was destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Chicago_Fire" title="Great Chicago Fire">Great Chicago Fire</a> of 1871, she became an organizer for the <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Labor" title="Knights of Labor">Knights of Labor</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Mine_Workers" class="mw-redirect" title="United Mine Workers">United Mine Workers</a> union. In 1902, she was called "the most dangerous woman in America" for her success in organizing miners and their families against the mine owners.<sup id="cite_ref-BallardHudson2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BallardHudson2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1903, to protest the lax enforcement of the <a href="/wiki/Child_labor_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Child labor laws in the United States">child labor laws</a> in the Pennsylvania mines and silk mills, she organized a children's march from Philadelphia to the home of President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> in New York. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mother_Jones&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mother_Jones_Memorial_in_Cork_Ireland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Mother Jones Memorial near her birthplace in Cork, Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mother_Jones_Memorial_in_Cork_Ireland.jpg/220px-Mother_Jones_Memorial_in_Cork_Ireland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mother_Jones_Memorial_in_Cork_Ireland.jpg/330px-Mother_Jones_Memorial_in_Cork_Ireland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mother_Jones_Memorial_in_Cork_Ireland.jpg/440px-Mother_Jones_Memorial_in_Cork_Ireland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2921" data-file-height="3481" /></a><figcaption>The Mother Jones Memorial near her birthplace</figcaption></figure> <p>Mary G. Harris was born on the north side of <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a>, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> tenant farmers Richard Harris and Ellen (née Cotter) Harris.<sup id="cite_ref-cork_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cork-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her exact date of birth is uncertain; she was baptized on August 1, 1837.<sup id="cite_ref-plaque_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plaque-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harris and her family were victims of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Great Famine</a>, as were many other Irish families. The famine drove more than a million families, including the Harrises, to immigrate to North America, as Harris's family did when Harris was 10.<sup id="cite_ref-Risjord,_Norman_K_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Risjord,_Norman_K-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formative_years">Formative years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mother_Jones&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formative years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mary was a teenager when her family immigrated to Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-Eric_Arnesen_2002_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eric_Arnesen_2002-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Canada (and later in the United States), the Harris family were victims of <a href="/wiki/Hibernophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hibernophobia">discrimination due to their immigrant status</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholic_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Catholic sentiment">their Catholic faith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish heritage</a>. Mary received an education in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Normal_School" title="Toronto Normal School">Toronto Normal School</a>, which was tuition-free and even paid a stipend to each student of one dollar per week for every semester completed. Mary did not graduate from the Toronto Normal School, but she was able to undergo enough training to take a teaching position at a convent in <a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Michigan" title="Monroe, Michigan">Monroe, Michigan</a>, on August 31, 1859 at the age of 23.<sup id="cite_ref-Risjord,_Norman_K_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Risjord,_Norman_K-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was paid eight dollars per month, but the school was described as a "depressing place".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGorn200233_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGorn200233-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After tiring of her assumed profession, she moved first to <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> and then to <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a>, where in 1861 she married George E. Jones, a member and organizer of the National Union of Iron Moulders,<sup id="cite_ref-Religion_and_Radical_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion_and_Radical-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which later became the <a href="/wiki/International_Molders_and_Foundry_Workers_Union_of_North_America" title="International Molders and Foundry Workers Union of North America">International Molders and Foundry Workers Union of North America</a>, which represented workers who specialized in building and repairing steam engines, mills, and other manufactured goods.<sup id="cite_ref-Russell_E._Smith_1967_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russell_E._Smith_1967-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Considering that Mary's husband was providing enough income to support the household, she altered her labor to housekeeping. </p><p>In 1867, Jones lost her husband and their four children, three girls and a boy all under the age of five, during a <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a> epidemic in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a>. After that loss, she returned to Chicago to open another dressmaking business.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She did work for members of Chicago's upper class in the 1870s and 1880s.<sup id="cite_ref-Risjord,_Norman_K_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Risjord,_Norman_K-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1871, four years after the death of her family, Jones lost her home, shop, and possessions in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Chicago_Fire" title="Great Chicago Fire">Great Chicago Fire</a> of 1871. Jones, like many others, helped rebuild the city. According to her autobiography, this led to her joining the <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Labor" title="Knights of Labor">Knights of Labor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGorn200245_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGorn200245-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Harris_%22Mother%22_Jones_marker,_Coaldale,_Schuylkill_County,_PA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Mary_Harris_%22Mother%22_Jones_marker%2C_Coaldale%2C_Schuylkill_County%2C_PA.jpg/224px-Mary_Harris_%22Mother%22_Jones_marker%2C_Coaldale%2C_Schuylkill_County%2C_PA.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Mary_Harris_%22Mother%22_Jones_marker%2C_Coaldale%2C_Schuylkill_County%2C_PA.jpg/337px-Mary_Harris_%22Mother%22_Jones_marker%2C_Coaldale%2C_Schuylkill_County%2C_PA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Mary_Harris_%22Mother%22_Jones_marker%2C_Coaldale%2C_Schuylkill_County%2C_PA.jpg/448px-Mary_Harris_%22Mother%22_Jones_marker%2C_Coaldale%2C_Schuylkill_County%2C_PA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1668" data-file-height="1675" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_state_historical_markers" title="List of Pennsylvania state historical markers">Pennsylvania state historical marker</a> for Mother Jones in <a href="/wiki/Coaldale,_Schuylkill_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Coaldale, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania">Coaldale, Schuylkill County</a></figcaption></figure><p>Jones started organizing <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strikes</a>. At first the strikes and protests failed, sometimes ending with police shooting at and killing protesters. Most members of the Knights were men, and by the middle of the 1870s, member numbers leaped to more than a million, becoming the largest labor organization in the United States. The <a href="/wiki/Haymarket_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Haymarket Affair">Haymarket Affair</a> of 1886 and the fear of <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchism</a> and social change incited by union organizations resulted in the demise of the Knights of Labor when an unknown person threw a bomb into an altercation between the Chicago police and workers on strike.<sup id="cite_ref-Risjord,_Norman_K_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Risjord,_Norman_K-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the Knights ceased to exist, Mary Jones became involved mainly with the <a href="/wiki/United_Mine_Workers" class="mw-redirect" title="United Mine Workers">United Mine Workers</a> (UMW). She frequently led UMW strikers in <a href="/wiki/Picketing" title="Picketing">picketing</a> and encouraged striking workers to stay on strike when management brought in <a href="/wiki/Strikebreaker" title="Strikebreaker">strike-breakers</a> and militias.<sup id="cite_ref-Russell_E._Smith_1967_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russell_E._Smith_1967-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She believed that "working men deserved a wage that would allow women to stay home to care for their kids."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around this time, strikes were getting better organized and started to produce greater results, such as better pay for the workers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGorn200297_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGorn200297-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mother_Jones_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Mother_Jones_1915.jpg/220px-Mother_Jones_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Mother_Jones_1915.jpg/330px-Mother_Jones_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Mother_Jones_1915.jpg/440px-Mother_Jones_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="894" /></a><figcaption>Jones at <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Hall" title="New York City Hall">New York City Hall</a> in 1915, where she was attending the hearings of the Federal Commission on Industrial Relations</figcaption></figure> <p>Active as an organizer and educator in strikes nationwide, she was involved particularly with the UMW and the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a>. As a <a href="/wiki/Union_organizer" title="Union organizer">union organizer</a>, she gained prominence for organizing the wives and children of striking workers in demonstrations on their behalf. She was termed "the most dangerous woman in America" by a West Virginian district attorney, Reese Blizzard, in 1902 at her trial for ignoring an injunction banning meetings by striking miners. "There sits the most dangerous woman in America", announced Blizzard. "She comes into a state where peace and prosperity reign... crooks her finger, [and] twenty thousand contented men lay down their tools and walk out."<sup id="cite_ref-BallardHudson2013_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BallardHudson2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jones was ideologically separated from many female activists of her day due to her lack of commitment to the cause of <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">women's suffrage</a>. She was quoted as saying that "you don't need the vote to raise hell!"<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She opposed many of the activists because she believed it was more important to advocate for the working class than to advocate for women. When some suffragists accused her of being <a href="/wiki/Anti-suffragism" title="Anti-suffragism">anti-women's rights</a>, she replied, "I'm not an anti to anything which brings freedom to my class."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jones was known as a charismatic and effective speaker throughout her career.<sup id="cite_ref-Mari_Boor_Tonn_1996_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mari_Boor_Tonn_1996-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occasionally she would include props, visual aids, and dramatic stunts in her speeches.<sup id="cite_ref-Mari_Boor_Tonn_1996_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mari_Boor_Tonn_1996-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her talks usually involved the relating of some personal tale in which she invariably "showed up" one form of authority or another. Mother Jones reportedly spoke in a pleasant-sounding brogue that projected well. When she grew excited, her voice dropped in pitch.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGorn200274_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGorn200274-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By age 60, Jones had assumed the persona of "Mother Jones" by claiming to be older than she was, wearing outdated black dresses, and referring to the male workers that she helped as "her boys." The first reference to her in print as <i>Mother Jones</i> was in 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-Eric_Arnesen_2002_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eric_Arnesen_2002-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""March_of_the_Mill_Children""><span id=".22March_of_the_Mill_Children.22"></span>"March of the Mill Children"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mother_Jones&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: "March of the Mill Children""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1901, workers in Pennsylvania's silk mills went on strike. Many of them were young girls demanding to be paid adult wages.<sup id="cite_ref-Bonnie_Stepenoff_1901_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bonnie_Stepenoff_1901-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1900 census had revealed that one sixth of American children under the age of sixteen were employed. <a href="/wiki/John_Mitchell_(United_Mine_Workers)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Mitchell (United Mine Workers)">John Mitchell</a>, the president of the UMWA, brought Mother Jones to <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Pennsylvania">northeastern Pennsylvania</a> in the months of February and September to encourage unity among striking workers. To do so, she encouraged the wives of the workers to organize into a group that would wield brooms, beat on tin pans, and shout "join the union!" She felt that wives had an important role to play as the nurturers and motivators of the striking men, but not as fellow workers. She claimed that the young girls working in the mills were being robbed and demoralized.<sup id="cite_ref-Bonnie_Stepenoff_1901_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bonnie_Stepenoff_1901-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She felt that the rich were denying these children the right to go to school in order to be able to pay for their own children's college tuitions. </p><p>To enforce worker solidarity, Jones traveled to the silk mills in New Jersey and returned to Pennsylvania to report that the conditions she observed there were much better. She stated that "the <a href="/wiki/Child_labor_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Child labor laws in the United States">child labor law</a> is better enforced for one thing and there are more men at work than seen in the mills here." In response to the strike, mill owners claimed that if the workers insisted on a wage scale, they would not be able to do business while paying adult wages and would be forced to close.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1900_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1900-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jones encouraged the workers to accept a settlement. Although she agreed to a settlement that sent the young girls back to the mills, she continued to fight child labor for the rest of her life.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1900_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1900-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1903, Jones organized children who were working in mills and mines to participate in her famous "March of the Mill Children", a 125-mile trek from <a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Kensington, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Kensington, Philadelphia</a>, to the summer house (and <a href="/wiki/Summer_White_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer White House">Summer White House</a>) of President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Oyster_Bay_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyster Bay (town), New York">Oyster Bay, New York</a>). They had banners demanding "We want to go to school and not the mines!" and held rallies each night in a new town on the way with music, skits, and speeches drawing thousands of citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-PAHistory_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAHistory-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LaborHistory_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaborHistory-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Mother Jones noted, many of the children at union headquarters were missing fingers and had other disabilities, and she attempted to get newspaper publicity for the bad conditions experienced by children working in Pennsylvania. However, the mill owners held stock in most newspapers. When the newspapermen informed her that they could not publish the facts about child labor because of this, she remarked "Well, I've got stock in these little children and I'll arrange a little publicity."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Permission to see President Roosevelt was denied by his secretary, and it was suggested that Jones address a letter to the president requesting a visit with him Mother Jones wrote a letter requesting a meeting, but never received an answer.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the president refused to meet with the marchers, the incident brought the issue of child labor to the forefront of the public agenda. The 2003 non-fiction book <i><a href="/wiki/Kids_on_Strike!" class="mw-redirect" title="Kids on Strike!">Kids on Strike!</a></i> described Jones's Children's Crusade in detail. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activism_and_criminal_charges">Activism and criminal charges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mother_Jones&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Activism and criminal charges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Paint_Creek%E2%80%93Cabin_Creek_strike_of_1912" title="Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912">Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>, Mary Jones arrived in June 1912, speaking and organizing despite a shooting war between United Mine Workers members and the private army of the mine owners. <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_the_United_States" title="Martial law in the United States">Martial law</a> in the area was declared and rescinded twice before Jones was arrested on February 13, 1913, and brought before a military court. Accused of conspiring to commit murder among other charges, she refused to recognize the legitimacy of her <a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">court-martial</a>. She was sentenced to twenty years in <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_State_Penitentiary" class="mw-redirect" title="West Virginia State Penitentiary">the state penitentiary</a>. During house arrest at <a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones%27_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother Jones' Prison">Mrs. Carney's Boarding House</a>, she acquired a dangerous case of <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LaborHistory_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaborHistory-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jones was released after 85 days of confinement, and her release coincided with Indiana Senator <a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">John W. Kern</a>'s initiation of a Senate investigation into the conditions in the local coal mines. <a href="/wiki/Mary_Lee_Settle" title="Mary Lee Settle">Mary Lee Settle</a> describes Jones at this time in her 1978 novel <i>The Scapegoat</i>. Several months later, she helped organize coal miners in Colorado in the 1913–14 <a href="/wiki/United_Mine_Workers_of_America" title="United Mine Workers of America">United Mine Workers of America</a> strike against the <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="John D. Rockefeller, Jr.">Rockefeller</a>-owned <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Fuel_and_Iron" title="Colorado Fuel and Iron">Colorado Fuel and Iron</a> company, in what is known as the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Coalfield_War" title="Colorado Coalfield War">Colorado Coalfield War</a>. Once again she was arrested, serving time in prison and inside the <a href="/wiki/Mt._San_Rafael_Hospital" title="Mt. San Rafael Hospital">San Rafael Hospital</a>, and was escorted from the state in the months prior to the <a href="/wiki/Ludlow_Massacre" title="Ludlow Massacre">Ludlow Massacre</a>. After the massacre, she was invited to meet with the owner of the Ludlow mine, <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr." title="John D. Rockefeller Jr.">John D. Rockefeller Jr.</a> The meeting was partially responsible for Rockefeller's 1915 visit to the Colorado mines and introduction of long-sought reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1917, Mother Jones played a role in the <a href="/wiki/1917_Bloomington_Streetcar_Strike" title="1917 Bloomington Streetcar Strike">Bloomington Streetcar Strike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jones_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jones-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Calvin_Coolidge_and_%22Mother%22_Jones,_half-length,_standing_outdoors._LCCN2002697224.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/President_Calvin_Coolidge_and_%22Mother%22_Jones%2C_half-length%2C_standing_outdoors._LCCN2002697224.jpg/250px-President_Calvin_Coolidge_and_%22Mother%22_Jones%2C_half-length%2C_standing_outdoors._LCCN2002697224.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/President_Calvin_Coolidge_and_%22Mother%22_Jones%2C_half-length%2C_standing_outdoors._LCCN2002697224.jpg/375px-President_Calvin_Coolidge_and_%22Mother%22_Jones%2C_half-length%2C_standing_outdoors._LCCN2002697224.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/President_Calvin_Coolidge_and_%22Mother%22_Jones%2C_half-length%2C_standing_outdoors._LCCN2002697224.jpg/500px-President_Calvin_Coolidge_and_%22Mother%22_Jones%2C_half-length%2C_standing_outdoors._LCCN2002697224.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1187" /></a><figcaption>Jones with President <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a>, 1924</figcaption></figure> <p>Mother Jones attempted to stop miners from marching into <a href="/wiki/Logan_County,_West_Virginia" title="Logan County, West Virginia">Logan County, West Virginia</a>, in late August 1921. Mother Jones also visited the governor and departed assured he would intervene. Jones opposed the armed march, appeared on the line of march and told them to go home. In her hand, she claimed to have a telegram from President <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren Harding</a> offering to work to end the private police in West Virginia if they returned home. When UMW president <a href="/wiki/Frank_Keeney" title="Frank Keeney">Frank Keeney</a> demanded to see the telegram, Mother Jones refused and he denounced her as a 'fake'. Because she refused to show anyone the telegram, and the President's secretary denied ever having sent one, she was suspected of having fabricated the story. After she fled the camp, she reportedly suffered a nervous breakdown.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mother Jones was joined by Keeney and other UMWA officials who were also pressuring the miners to go home. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mother_Jones&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mother_Jones_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mother_Jones_02.jpg/220px-Mother_Jones_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mother_Jones_02.jpg/330px-Mother_Jones_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mother_Jones_02.jpg/440px-Mother_Jones_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>Jones was denounced on the floor of the U.S. Senate as the "grandmother of all agitators".</figcaption></figure><p> Jones remained a union organizer for the UMW into the 1920s and continued to speak on union affairs almost until she died. She released her own account of her experiences in the labor movement as <i>The Autobiography of Mother Jones</i> (1925).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Mother Jones organized for decades on behalf of the UMWA in West Virginia and even denounced the state as 'medieval', the chapter of the same name in her autobiography, she mostly praises Governor <a href="/wiki/Ephraim_F._Morgan" title="Ephraim F. Morgan">Ephraim F. Morgan</a> for defending the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a> freedom of the weekly labor publication <i>The Federationist</i> to publish. His refusal to consent to the mine owners' request that he ban the paper demonstrated to Mother Jones that he 'refused to comply with the requests of the dominant money interests. To a man of that type, I wish to pay my respects'.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During her later years, Jones lived with her friends <a href="/wiki/Adelphi,_Maryland#History" title="Adelphi, Maryland">Walter and Lillie May Burgess</a> on their farm in what is now <a href="/wiki/Adelphi,_Maryland" title="Adelphi, Maryland">Adelphi, Maryland</a>. She celebrated her self-proclaimed 100th birthday there on May 1, 1930, and was filmed making a statement for a <a href="/wiki/Newsreel" title="Newsreel">newsreel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mother_Jones&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mary Harris Jones died on November 30, 1930, at the Burgess farm, then in <a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring,_Maryland" title="Silver Spring, Maryland">Silver Spring, Maryland</a>, now part of <a href="/wiki/Adelphi,_Maryland" title="Adelphi, Maryland">Adelphi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sidebar_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sidebar-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a funeral Mass at St. Gabriel's Catholic Church in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mother_Jones_funeral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mother_Jones_funeral.jpg/260px-Mother_Jones_funeral.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mother_Jones_funeral.jpg/390px-Mother_Jones_funeral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mother_Jones_funeral.jpg/520px-Mother_Jones_funeral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="934" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption>Funeral of Mother Jones, December 3, 1930</figcaption></figure> <p>Jones is buried in the <a href="/wiki/Union_Miners_Cemetery" title="Union Miners Cemetery">Union Miners Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Olive,_Illinois" title="Mount Olive, Illinois">Mount Olive, Illinois</a>, alongside miners who died in the 1898 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Virden" title="Battle of Virden">Battle of Virden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She called these miners, killed in strike-related violence, "her boys."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1932, about 15,000 Illinois mine workers gathered in Mount Olive to protest against the United Mine Workers, which soon became the Progressive Mine Workers of America. Convinced that they had acted in the spirit of Mother Jones, the miners decided to place a proper headstone on her grave. By 1936, the miners had saved up more than $16,000 and were able to purchase "eighty tons of Minnesota pink granite, with bronze statues of two miners flanking a twenty-foot shaft featuring a bas-relief of Mother Jones at its center."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGorn2002297_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGorn2002297-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 11, 1936, also known as Miners' Day, an estimated 50,000 people arrived at Mother Jones's grave to see the new gravestone and memorial. Since then, October 11 is not only known as Miners' Day but is also referred to and celebrated in Mount Olive as "Mother Jones's Day."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The farm where she died began to advertise itself as the "Mother Jones Rest Home" in 1932, before being sold to a Baptist church in 1956. The site is now marked with a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Maryland_state_historical_markers" title="List of Maryland state historical markers">Maryland Historical Trust marker</a>, and a nearby elementary school is named in her honor.<sup id="cite_ref-sidebar_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sidebar-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mother_Jones&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1930, Mother Jones said the following regarding her legacy: "I am considered a <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolshevik</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red</a> and an <a href="/wiki/I.W.W." class="mw-redirect" title="I.W.W.">I.W.W.</a>, and a radical, and I admit to being all they've charged me with. I'm anything that would change monied civilization to a higher and grander civilization for the ages to come. And I long to see the day when labor will have the destination of the nation in her own hands, and she will stand a united force, and show the world what workers can do."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mother Jones remained a well-known symbol for the <a href="/wiki/American_labor_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="American labor movement">American labor movement</a> after her death and remains an important symbol for the power of organized labor among activists and organizers, both in the United States and globally. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Workers_Memorial_Day_poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Workers_Memorial_Day_poster.jpg/220px-Workers_Memorial_Day_poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Workers_Memorial_Day_poster.jpg/330px-Workers_Memorial_Day_poster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Workers_Memorial_Day_poster.jpg/440px-Workers_Memorial_Day_poster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2401" data-file-height="3598" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">United States Department of Labor</a> poster, 2010</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mother_Jones_and_Martyrs_of_the_Progressive_Miners_of_America_Monument,_Mount_Olive,_Illinois.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mother_Jones_and_Martyrs_of_the_Progressive_Miners_of_America_Monument%2C_Mount_Olive%2C_Illinois.jpg/220px-Mother_Jones_and_Martyrs_of_the_Progressive_Miners_of_America_Monument%2C_Mount_Olive%2C_Illinois.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mother_Jones_and_Martyrs_of_the_Progressive_Miners_of_America_Monument%2C_Mount_Olive%2C_Illinois.jpg/330px-Mother_Jones_and_Martyrs_of_the_Progressive_Miners_of_America_Monument%2C_Mount_Olive%2C_Illinois.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mother_Jones_and_Martyrs_of_the_Progressive_Miners_of_America_Monument%2C_Mount_Olive%2C_Illinois.jpg/440px-Mother_Jones_and_Martyrs_of_the_Progressive_Miners_of_America_Monument%2C_Mount_Olive%2C_Illinois.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Mother Jones' burial site at the Union Miners Cemetery in Mount Olive, Illinois</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Jones' words are still invoked by union supporters more than a century later: "Pray for the dead and fight like hell for the living."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Already known as "the miners' angel" when she was denounced on the floor of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> as the "grandmother of all agitators", she replied, "I hope to live long enough to be the great-grandmother of all agitators."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a></i> magazine was established in the 1970s and quickly became "the largest selling radical magazine of the decade."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1984, she was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>During the bitter 1989–90 <a href="/wiki/Pittston_Coal_strike" title="Pittston Coal strike">Pittston Coal strike</a> in Virginia, West Virginia and <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, the wives and daughters of striking coal miners, inspired by the still-surviving tales of Jones's legendary work among an earlier generation of the region's coal miners, dubbed themselves the "Daughters of Mother Jones". They played a crucial role on the picket lines and in presenting the miners' case to the press and public.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Mother Jones Award was granted from 1996 to 2009, though skipping some years, by the Working Women’s History Project and its predecessor, the Women and Labor History Project.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>To coincide with <a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day" title="International Women's Day">International Women's Day</a> on March 8, 2010 a proposal from Councillor Ted Tynan for a plaque to be erected in Mary Harris Jones's native <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork City</a> was passed by the <a href="/wiki/Cork_City_Council" title="Cork City Council">Cork City Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of the <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a> Mother Jones Commemorative Committee unveiled the plaque<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on August 1, 2012 to mark the 175th anniversary of her birth. The <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a> Mother Jones Festival was also held in 2012 in the Shandon area of the city, close to her birthplace, with numerous guest speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The festival now takes place annually around the anniversary and has led to growing awareness of Mother Jones's legacy and links between admirers in Ireland and the US.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new documentary, <i>Mother Jones and Her Children</i>, has been produced by Cork-based Frameworks Films<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and premiered at the Cork festival in 2014.</li> <li>In 2019, Mother Jones was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Mining_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Mining Hall of Fame">National Mining Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mary Harris "Mother" Jones Elementary School exists in <a href="/wiki/Adelphi,_Maryland" title="Adelphi, Maryland">Adelphi, Maryland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Students at <a href="/wiki/Wheeling_Jesuit_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheeling Jesuit University">Wheeling Jesuit University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheeling,_West_Virginia" title="Wheeling, West Virginia">Wheeling, West Virginia</a>, can apply to reside in Mother Jones House, an off-campus service house. Residents perform at least ten hours of <a href="/wiki/Community_service" title="Community service">community service</a> each week and participate in community dinners and events.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The imprisonment of "Mother" Jones is commemorated by the State of <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> through a Historic Highway marker. The marker was made by the West Virginia Division of Culture and History. The marker reads, "PRATT. First settled in the early 1780s and incorporated in 1905. Important site in 1912–13 Paint–Cabin Creek Strike. Labor organizer 'Mother Jones' spent her 84th birthday imprisoned here. Pratt Historic District, listed on the National Register in 1984, recognizes the town's important residential architecture from early plantation to Victorian Styles." The marker is located in the town of Pratt, right off of West Virginia 61.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_the_other_arts">Music and the other arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mother_Jones&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Music and the other arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>On February 25, 1925, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Autry" title="Gene Autry">Gene Autry</a> recorded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=W.C._Callaway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W.C. Callaway (page does not exist)">W.C. Callaway</a> composition "The Death Of Mother Jones".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>There is a myth that in <i>The American Songbag</i> (1927), <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a> suggests that the "she" in "<a href="/wiki/She%27ll_Be_Coming_%27Round_the_Mountain" title="She'll Be Coming 'Round the Mountain">She'll Be Coming 'Round the Mountain</a>" references Mother Jones and her travels to Appalachian mountain coal-mining camps promoting the unionization of the miners. However, there is no reference to Mother Jones in <i>The American Songbag</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the book <i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_(novel)" title="Uncle (novel)">Uncle</a></i> (1964) by <a href="/wiki/J.P._Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="J.P. Martin">J.P. Martin</a>, a train line is called Mother Jones's Siding and is rumored to be run by Mother Jones.</li> <li>The play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kentucky_Cycle" title="The Kentucky Cycle">The Kentucky Cycle: Fire in the Hole</a></i> (1991) portrays Jones as an inspirational figure one of the other characters knew and was inspired by to go and create unions in other coal towns.</li> <li>"The most dangerous woman," a spoken-word performance by indie folk singer/spoken word performer <a href="/wiki/Utah_Phillips" title="Utah Phillips">Utah Phillips</a> with music and backing vocals added to it by indie folk artist <a href="/wiki/Ani_Difranco" class="mw-redirect" title="Ani Difranco">Ani Difranco</a>, can be found on their collaborative album <i>Fellow Workers</i> (1999). The title refers to the moniker that a West Virginia District Attorney <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reese_Blizzard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reese Blizzard (page does not exist)">Reese Blizzard</a> gave to Mother Jones, referring to her as "the most dangerous woman in America."<sup id="cite_ref-BallardHudson2013_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BallardHudson2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phillips performed the song "The Charge on Mother Jones." This <a href="/wiki/Folk_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk song">folk song</a> was written by <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_M._Rogers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William M. Rogers (page does not exist)">William M. Rogers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The title track of folk-roots duo <a href="/wiki/Wishing_Chair" title="Wishing Chair">Wishing Chair</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kara_Barnard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kara Barnard (page does not exist)">Kara Barnard</a>’s 2002 album <i>Dishpan Brigade</i><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is about Jones and her role in the 1899–1900 miners' strike in Arnot, Pennsylvania.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jones is the "woman" in <a href="/wiki/Tom_Russell" title="Tom Russell">Tom Russell</a>'s song "The Most Dangerous Woman in America," a commentary on the troubles of striking miners that appeared on his 2009 album <i>Blood and Candle Smoke</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Shout!_Factory" class="mw-redirect" title="Shout! Factory">Shout! Factory</a> label.</li> <li>"The Spirit of Mother Jones" is a track on the 2010 <i>Abocurragh</i> album by Irish singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Andy_Irvine_(musician)" title="Andy Irvine (musician)">Andy Irvine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The play <i>Can't Scare Me...the Story of Mother Jones</i> was written and performed by actress, playwright, and professor <a href="/wiki/Kaiulani_Lee" title="Kaiulani Lee">Kaiulani Lee</a>. It premiered at the Atlas Theater in Washington, D.C. in 2011, and Lee took the show on tour with the <a href="/wiki/United_Mine_Workers" class="mw-redirect" title="United Mine Workers">United Mine Workers</a> across Colorado as well as tours in Ireland, Bangladesh, and Cambodia.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Mother Jones and the Children's Crusade</i>, a musical based on her work in Pennsylvania, debuted in July 2014 as part of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Musical_Theatre_Festival" title="New York Musical Theatre Festival">New York Musical Theatre Festival</a> in NYC. The play starred <a href="/wiki/Robin_de_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Robin de Jesus">Robin de Jesus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lynne_Wintersteller" title="Lynne Wintersteller">Lynne Wintersteller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Victory at Arnot</i> is a work for chamber group and narrator by composer Eleanor Aversa.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It recounts how Mother Jones assisted with the coal miners' strike in 1899–1900 in Arnot, Pennsylvania. The piece premiered in Philadelphia in 2016 and was followed by performances in Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Trial of Mother Jones</i>, a play by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Holzberg" title="Roger Holzberg">Roger Holzberg</a>, premiered in <a href="/wiki/Oxnard,_California" title="Oxnard, California">Oxnard, California</a>, in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mother_Jones&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BallardHudson2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BallardHudson2013_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BallardHudson2013_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BallardHudson2013_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSandra_L._BallardPatricia_L._Hudson2013" class="citation book cs1">Sandra L. Ballard; Patricia L. Hudson (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zUkQxWDhriQC"><i>Listen Here: Women Writing in Appalachia</i></a>. University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813143583" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813143583"><bdi>978-0813143583</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Listen+Here%3A+Women+Writing+in+Appalachia&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0813143583&rft.au=Sandra+L.+Ballard&rft.au=Patricia+L.+Hudson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzUkQxWDhriQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cork-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cork_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Day by Day in Cork</i>, Sean Beecher, Collins Press, Cork, 1992<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-plaque-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-plaque_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://motherjonescork.com/about">"Mary Harris Jones"</a>. Mother Jones Commemorative committee. March 7, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2012</span>. <q>... This plaque will be erected near the famous Cork Butter Market and will be unveiled on 1st August 2012 which is the 175th Anniversary of her baptism in the North Cathedral [St. Mary's Cathedral] (we have not been able to ascertain her actual date of birth but it would most likely have been a few days before this date). Her parents were Ellen Cotter, a native of <a href="/wiki/Inchigeela" class="mw-redirect" title="Inchigeela">Inchigeela</a> and Richard Harris from Cork city. Few details of her life in Cork have been uncovered to date, though it is thought by some that she was born on Blarney Street and may have attended the North Presentation Schools nearby. She and her family emigrated to Canada soon after the Famine, probably in the early 1850s. ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mary+Harris+Jones&rft.pub=Mother+Jones+Commemorative+committee&rft.date=2012-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmotherjonescork.com%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aflcio.org/About/Our-History/Key-People-in-Labor-History/Mother-Jones-1837-1930">"Mother Jones (1837–1930)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL–CIO">AFL–CIO</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mother+Jones+%281837%E2%80%931930%29&rft.pub=AFL%E2%80%93CIO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aflcio.org%2FAbout%2FOur-History%2FKey-People-in-Labor-History%2FMother-Jones-1837-1930&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Risjord,_Norman_K-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Risjord,_Norman_K_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Risjord,_Norman_K_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Risjord,_Norman_K_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Risjord,_Norman_K_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRisjord,_Norman_K.2005" class="citation book cs1">Risjord, Norman K. (2005). <i>Populists and progressives</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0742521702" title="Special:BookSources/0742521702"><bdi>0742521702</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/494143478">494143478</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Populists+and+progressives&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F494143478&rft.isbn=0742521702&rft.au=Risjord%2C+Norman+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eric_Arnesen_2002-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eric_Arnesen_2002_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eric_Arnesen_2002_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnesen, Eric. "A Tarnished Icon", <i>Reviews in American History</i> 30, no. 1 (2002): 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGorn200233-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGorn200233_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGorn2002">Gorn 2002</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Religion_and_Radical-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Religion_and_Radical_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Religion and Radical Politics: An Alternative Christian Tradition in the United States</i>, Robert H. Craig, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1992<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russell_E._Smith_1967-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Russell_E._Smith_1967_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Russell_E._Smith_1967_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell E. Smith, "March of the Mill Children", <i>The Social Service Review</i> 41, no. 3 (1967): 299</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ric Arnesen, "A Tarnished Icon", <i>Reviews in American History</i> 30, no. 1 (2002): 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGorn200245-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGorn200245_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGorn2002">Gorn 2002</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rod_Dreher" title="Rod Dreher">Dreher, Rod</a> (June 5, 2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amconmag.com/article/2006/jun/05/00029/">All-American Anarchists</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110429053252/http://www.amconmag.com/article/2006/jun/05/00029/">Archived</a> April 29, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGorn200297-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGorn200297_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGorn2002">Gorn 2002</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell E. Smith, "March of the Mill Children", <i>The Social Service Review</i> 41, no. 3 (1967): 298</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Autobiography of Mother Jones 1925"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mari_Boor_Tonn_1996-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mari_Boor_Tonn_1996_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mari_Boor_Tonn_1996_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mari Boor Tonn, "Militant Motherhood: Labor's Mary Harris 'Mother' Jones", <i>Quarterly Journal of Speech</i> 81, no. 1 (1996): 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGorn200274-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGorn200274_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGorn2002">Gorn 2002</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bonnie_Stepenoff_1901-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bonnie_Stepenoff_1901_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bonnie_Stepenoff_1901_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bonnie Stepenoff, "Keeping it in the Family: Mother Jones and the Pennsylvania Silk Strike of 1900–1901", <i>Labor History</i> 38, no. 4 (1997): 446</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1900-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1900_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1900_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bonnie Stepenoff, "Keeping it in the Family: Mother Jones and the Pennsylvania Silk Strike of 1900–1901", <i>Labor History</i> 38, no. 4 (1997): 448</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAHistory-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PAHistory_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://explorepahistory.com/displayimage.php?imgId=1-2-10BC">"Mother Jones leading a protest, circa 1903"</a>. <i>Explore PA History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Explore+PA+History&rft.atitle=Mother+Jones+leading+a+protest%2C+circa+1903&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexplorepahistory.com%2Fdisplayimage.php%3FimgId%3D1-2-10BC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaborHistory-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LaborHistory_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LaborHistory_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peoplesworld.org/today-in-labor-history-mother-jones-leads-march-of-miners-children/">"Today in labor history: Mother Jones leads march of miners' children"</a>. <i>People's World</i>. September 21, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People%27s+World&rft.atitle=Today+in+labor+history%3A+Mother+Jones+leads+march+of+miners%27+children&rft.date=2012-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeoplesworld.org%2Ftoday-in-labor-history-mother-jones-leads-march-of-miners-children%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1925" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Mother (1925). "Chapter Ten: The March of the Mill Children". In Parton, Mary Field (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/jones/autobiography/autobiography.html"><i>The Autobiography of Mother Jones</i></a>. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+Ten%3A+The+March+of+the+Mill+Children&rft.btitle=The+Autobiography+of+Mother+Jones&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Charles+H.+Kerr+%26+Company&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Mother&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.upenn.edu%2Fwomen%2Fjones%2Fautobiography%2Fautobiography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2001/05/mother-jones-woman/">"Mother Jones: The Woman"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mother+Jones%3A+The+Woman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fpolitics%2F2001%2F05%2Fmother-jones-woman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inquirer.com/philly/blogs/TODAY-IN-PHILADELPHIA-HISTORY/Mother-Jones-.html">"Mother Jones' "Children's Crusade" returns to Philadelphia"</a></span>. <i>Inquirer</i>. August 17, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190805155115/https://www.inquirer.com/philly/blogs/TODAY-IN-PHILADELPHIA-HISTORY/Mother-Jones-.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inquirer&rft.atitle=Mother+Jones%27+%22Children%27s+Crusade%22+returns+to+Philadelphia&rft.date=2013-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inquirer.com%2Fphilly%2Fblogs%2FTODAY-IN-PHILADELPHIA-HISTORY%2FMother-Jones-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell E. Smith, "March of the Mill Children", <i>The Social Service Review</i> 41, no. 3 (1967): 300</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell E. Smith, "March of the Mill Children", <i>The Social Service Review</i> 41, no. 3 (1967): 303</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatsonHalus2014" class="citation book cs1">Watson, William E.; Halus, Eugene J. Jr. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ujm2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA110"><i>Irish Americans: The History and Culture of a People: The History and Culture of a People</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1610694674" title="Special:BookSources/978-1610694674"><bdi>978-1610694674</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irish+Americans%3A+The+History+and+Culture+of+a+People%3A+The+History+and+Culture+of+a+People&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1610694674&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft.au=Halus%2C+Eugene+J.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dujm2BQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jones-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jones_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjonesmuseum.org/bloomington-1917-strike">"Bloomington 1917 Strike"</a>. <i>Mother Jones Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mother+Jones+Museum&rft.atitle=Bloomington+1917+Strike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjonesmuseum.org%2Fbloomington-1917-strike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavage1990" class="citation book cs1">Savage, Lon (1990). <i>Thunder in the Mountains: The West Virginia Mine War 1920–21</i> (1985 ed.). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 78–79.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thunder+in+the+Mountains%3A+The+West+Virginia+Mine+War+1920%E2%80%9321&rft.pages=78-79&rft.edition=1985&rft.pub=Pittsburgh%3A+University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=Lon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1925" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Mother (1925). Parton, Mary Field (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/jones/autobiography/autobiography.html"><i>The Autobiography of Mother Jones</i></a>. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Autobiography+of+Mother+Jones&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Charles+H.+Kerr+%26+Company&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Mother&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.upenn.edu%2Fwomen%2Fjones%2Fautobiography%2Fautobiography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMother_Jones2004" class="citation book cs1">Mother Jones (2004). <i>The Autobiography of Mother Jones</i> (1925 ed.). Chicago: Charles Kerr. p. 144.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Autobiography+of+Mother+Jones&rft.pages=144&rft.edition=1925&rft.pub=Chicago%3A+Charles+Kerr&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Mother+Jones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9A00E7DB1538E433A25751C1A9639C946194D6CF">"Mother Jones in Talkie; Friend of Labor Celebrates 100th Birthday at the Microphone"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 12, 1930.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mother+Jones+in+Talkie%3B+Friend+of+Labor+Celebrates+100th+Birthday+at+the+Microphone&rft.date=1930-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2Freview%3Fres%3D9A00E7DB1538E433A25751C1A9639C946194D6CF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sidebar-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sidebar_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sidebar_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.historian4hire.net/2019/01/03/mother-jones/">"Mother Jones in Suburban Maryland: Folklore and History"</a>. <i>Historian 4 Hire</i>. January 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historian+4+Hire&rft.atitle=Mother+Jones+in+Suburban+Maryland%3A+Folklore+and+History&rft.date=2019-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.historian4hire.net%2F2019%2F01%2F03%2Fmother-jones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Obituary for Mother Mary Jones, <i>The Washington Post</i>, December 2, 1930, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/12/01/archives/mother-jones-dies-led-mine-workers-100yearold-crusader-in-her-time.html">"Mother Jones Dies. Led Mine Workers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. Associated Press. December 1, 1930<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2012</span>. <q>100-Year-Old [sic] Crusader in Her Time Had Headed Many All Night Marches of Strikers. Often Went To President. Lost All Her Family in Memphis Epidemic of 1867. Miners Became Her "Children." Idolized by Workers. Celebrates 100th [sic] Birthday. Mary (Mother) Jones, militant crusader for the rights of the laboring man, died at 11:55 last night at her home in near-by Maryland. She was 100 [sic] years old....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mother+Jones+Dies.+Led+Mine+Workers&rft.date=1930-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F12%2F01%2Farchives%2Fmother-jones-dies-led-mine-workers-100yearold-crusader-in-her-time.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Service Tomorrow for Mother Jones," <i>The Washington Post</i>, December 2, 1930, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gravesite: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mother_Jones&params=39.080686_N_89.733286_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°04′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">89°44′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.080686°N 89.733286°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.080686; -89.733286</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiggers" class="citation web cs1">Biggers, Jeff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/battle-of-virden/">"Battle of Virden"</a>. <i>Zinn Education Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zinn+Education+Project&rft.atitle=Battle+of+Virden&rft.aulast=Biggers&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zinnedproject.org%2Fnews%2Ftdih%2Fbattle-of-virden%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110217010105/http://www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/laborhall/1992_jones.htm">"United States Department of Labor – Labor Hall of Fame: Mary Harris "Mother" Jones"</a>. Dol.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/laborhall/1992_jones.htm">the original</a> on February 17, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Department+of+Labor+%E2%80%93+Labor+Hall+of+Fame%3A+Mary+Harris+%22Mother%22+Jones&rft.pub=Dol.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dol.gov%2Foasam%2Fprograms%2Flaborhall%2F1992_jones.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGorn2002297-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGorn2002297_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGorn2002">Gorn 2002</a>, p. 297.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marry Harris Jones, video interview, 1930, excerpt from "Mother Jones, America's Most Dangerous Woman," <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.motherjonesmuseum.org/who-was-mother-jones">https://www.motherjonesmuseum.org/who-was-mother-jones</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poemhunter.com/quotations/famous.asp?people=Mother%20Jones">"Quotations from Mother Jones (#2)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quotations+from+Mother+Jones+%28%232%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poemhunter.com%2Fquotations%2Ffamous.asp%3Fpeople%3DMother%2520Jones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilas_House2009" class="citation book cs1">Silas House (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYqRKRyR9iQC&pg=PT62"><i>Something's Rising: Appalachians Fighting Mountaintop Removal</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kentucky" title="University Press of Kentucky">University Press of Kentucky</a>. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813173412" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813173412"><bdi>978-0813173412</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Something%27s+Rising%3A+Appalachians+Fighting+Mountaintop+Removal&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0813173412&rft.au=Silas+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKYqRKRyR9iQC%26pg%3DPT62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scully, Michael Andrew. "Would Mother Jones Buy 'Mother Jones'?", <i>Public Interest</i> 53, (1978): 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/mary-mother-harris-jones/">"Jones, Mary "Mother" Harris"</a>. <i>National Women’s Hall of Fame</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Women%E2%80%99s+Hall+of+Fame&rft.atitle=Jones%2C+Mary+%22Mother%22+Harris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.womenofthehall.org%2Finductee%2Fmary-mother-harris-jones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309110945/http://www.ic.arizona.edu/ic/mcbride/ws200/lee3-hold.htm">"Site Unavailable"</a>. <i>www.ic.arizona.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ic.arizona.edu/ic/mcbride/ws200/lee3-hold.htm">the original</a> on March 9, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ic.arizona.edu&rft.atitle=Site+Unavailable&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ic.arizona.edu%2Fic%2Fmcbride%2Fws200%2Flee3-hold.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwhpchicago.org/phone/mother-jones-award.html">"Mother Jones Award"</a>. <i>wwhpchicago.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wwhpchicago.org&rft.atitle=Mother+Jones+Award&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwwhpchicago.org%2Fphone%2Fmother-jones-award.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corkcity.ie/ourservices/corporateaffairs/minutesofordinarymeetings/Mins%20Council%20Meeting%2026%2004%2010.pdf">"Minutes of Ordinary Meeting of Cork City Council"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mother+Jones+Remembered&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmotherjones175.wordpress.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://motherjonescork.com/2014/07/29/mother-jones-festival-begins-today/">"Mother Jones festival begins today!"</a>. July 29, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mother+Jones+festival+begins+today%21&rft.date=2014-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmotherjonescork.com%2F2014%2F07%2F29%2Fmother-jones-festival-begins-today%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frameworksfilms.com/">"Participate, Challenge, Community…Through Film"</a>. <i>frameworksfilms.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=frameworksfilms.com&rft.atitle=Participate%2C+Challenge%2C+Community%E2%80%A6Through+Film&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fframeworksfilms.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200512124504/https://mininghalloffame.org/news-item/2019-national-mining-hall-fame-inductees">"2019 National Mining Hall of Fame Inductees"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mininghalloffame.org/news-item/2019-national-mining-hall-fame-inductees">the original</a> on May 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www1.pgcps.org&rft.atitle=Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.pgcps.org%2Fmaryharrismotherjones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130203033714/http://www.wju.edu/campusministry/justice.asp">"Wheeling University"</a>. <i>Wheeling University</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wheeling.edu/">the original</a> on February 3, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wheeling+University&rft.atitle=Wheeling+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwheeling.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFState_of_West_Virginia2002" class="citation book cs1">State of West Virginia (2002). <i>Marking Our Past: West Virginia's Historical Highway Markers</i>. Charleston: West Virginia Division of Culture and History. p. 70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marking+Our+Past%3A+West+Virginia%27s+Historical+Highway+Markers&rft.place=Charleston&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=West+Virginia+Division+of+Culture+and+History&rft.date=2002&rft.au=State+of+West+Virginia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Holly George-Warren, Public Cowboy no. 1]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“An old-time negro spiritual When the Chariot Comes (B) was made by mountaineers into She’ll Be Comin’ Round the Mountain, and the song spread to railroad work gangs in the midwest in the 1890s.” <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Sandburg, Carl</a>, <i>The American Songbag</i>, 1st edition. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1927): 372.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpiegel" class="citation web cs1">Spiegel, Max. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160205005402/http://www.mudcat.org/@displaysong.cfm?SongID=6037">"The Charge on Mother Jones"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mudcat.org/@displaysong.cfm?SongID=6037">the original</a> on February 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Charge+on+Mother+Jones&rft.aulast=Spiegel&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mudcat.org%2F%40displaysong.cfm%3FSongID%3D6037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/wishchair5">"♫ Dishpan Brigade – Wishing Chair and Kara Barnard. Listen @cdbaby"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E2%99%AB+Dishpan+Brigade+%E2%80%93+Wishing+Chair+and+Kara+Barnard.+Listen+%40cdbaby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdbaby.com%2Fcd%2Fwishchair5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blossburg.org/wb_wilson/thestory_4.htm">"Blossburg: William Bauchop Wilson: United Mine Workers of America"</a>. <i>www.blossburg.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.blossburg.org&rft.atitle=Blossburg%3A+William+Bauchop+Wilson%3A+United+Mine+Workers+of+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blossburg.org%2Fwb_wilson%2Fthestory_4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenselow2010" class="citation news cs1">Denselow, Robin (December 23, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/dec/23/andy-irvine-abocurragh-album-review">"Andy Irvine: Abocurragh – review"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> – via www.theguardian.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Andy+Irvine%3A+Abocurragh+%E2%80%93+review&rft.date=2010-12-23&rft.aulast=Denselow&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2010%2Fdec%2F23%2Fandy-irvine-abocurragh-album-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kaiulanilee.com/cant-scare-me.html">"Can't Scare Me"</a>. <i>Kaiulani Lee</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kaiulani+Lee&rft.atitle=Can%27t+Scare+Me&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaiulanilee.com%2Fcant-scare-me.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nymf.org/tickets/2014-events/motherjonesandthechildrenscrusade/">"New York Musical Festival :: 2014 Events"</a>. <i>nymf.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nymf.org&rft.atitle=New+York+Musical+Festival+%3A%3A+2014+Events&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnymf.org%2Ftickets%2F2014-events%2Fmotherjonesandthechildrenscrusade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180816125814/http://eleanoraversa.com/performances/">"eleanoraversa.com/performances"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eleanoraversa.com/performances">the original</a> on August 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=eleanoraversa.com%2Fperformances&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feleanoraversa.com%2Fperformances&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonirish.com/around-town/2018/%E2%80%98victory-arnot%E2%80%99-%E2%80%93-where-mother-jones-and-her-%E2%80%98pot-and-pan-brigade-won-day">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Victory at Arnot' – where Mother Jones and her 'pot-and-pan brigade won the day for the miners"</a>. <i>Boston Irish</i>. March 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boston+Irish&rft.atitle=%27Victory+at+Arnot%27+%E2%80%93+where+Mother+Jones+and+her+%27pot-and-pan+brigade+won+the+day+for+the+miners&rft.date=2018-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonirish.com%2Faround-town%2F2018%2F%25E2%2580%2598victory-arnot%25E2%2580%2599-%25E2%2580%2593-where-mother-jones-and-her-%25E2%2580%2598pot-and-pan-brigade-won-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabinowitz2023" class="citation web cs1">Rabinowitz, Chloe (December 7, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.broadwayworld.com/los-angeles/article/The-Elite-Theatre-Company-To-Present-THE-TRIAL-OF-MOTHER-JONES-20231207">"The Elite Theatre Company To Present THE TRIAL OF MOTHER JONES This Winter"</a>. <i>Broadwayworld</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Broadwayworld&rft.atitle=The+Elite+Theatre+Company+To+Present+THE+TRIAL+OF+MOTHER+JONES+This+Winter&rft.date=2023-12-07&rft.aulast=Rabinowitz&rft.aufirst=Chloe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadwayworld.com%2Flos-angeles%2Farticle%2FThe-Elite-Theatre-Company-To-Present-THE-TRIAL-OF-MOTHER-JONES-20231207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorraine2024" class="citation web cs1">Lorraine, Shirley (January 24, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://venturabreeze.com/2024/01/24/vol-17-no-09-jan-24-feb-6-2024-a-view-from-house-seats/">"Elite Spotlights Hidden History"</a>. <i>Ventura Breeze</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ventura+Breeze&rft.atitle=Elite+Spotlights+Hidden+History&rft.date=2024-01-24&rft.aulast=Lorraine&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fventurabreeze.com%2F2024%2F01%2F24%2Fvol-17-no-09-jan-24-feb-6-2024-a-view-from-house-seats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mother_Jones&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1925" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Mary Harris (1925). <i>The Autobiography of Mother Jones</i>. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-43645-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-43645-4"><bdi>0-486-43645-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Autobiography+of+Mother+Jones&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Charles+H.+Kerr+%26+Co.&rft.date=1925&rft.isbn=0-486-43645-4&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Mary+Harris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColman1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Penny_Colman" title="Penny Colman">Colman, Penny</a> (1994). <i>Mother Jones Speaks</i>. Brookfield, Connecticut: The Millbrook Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0873488105" title="Special:BookSources/978-0873488105"><bdi>978-0873488105</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mother+Jones+Speaks&rft.place=Brookfield%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=The+Millbrook+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0873488105&rft.aulast=Colman&rft.aufirst=Penny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Corbin, David (2011). <i>Gun Thugs, Rednecks, and Radicals: A Documentary History of the West Virginia Mine Wars.</i> Oakland: PM Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mother_Jones&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dilliard, Irving and Mary Sue Dilliard Schusky, "Mary Harris Jones," in <i>Notable American Women 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary, Volume II</i> ed. by Edward T. Wilson, (1971) pp. 286–88.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Fetherling, Dale. <i>Mother Jones, the Miners' Angel: A Portrait</i> (1979) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/104361070/mother-jones-the-miners-angel-a-portrait">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorn2002" class="citation book cs1">Gorn, Elliott J. (2002). <i>Mother Jones: The Most Dangerous Woman in America</i>. New York: Hill and Wang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0809070947" title="Special:BookSources/978-0809070947"><bdi>978-0809070947</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mother+Jones%3A+The+Most+Dangerous+Woman+in+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hill+and+Wang&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0809070947&rft.aulast=Gorn&rft.aufirst=Elliott+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMother+Jones" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Savage, Lon (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Thunder_in_the_Mountains.html?id=6Nl5PiTRwwMC"><i>Thunder in the Mountains: The West Virginia Mine War, 1920–21</i></a>. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.</li> <li>State of West Virginia (2002). <i>Marking Our Past: West Virginia's Historical Highway Markers</i>. Charleston: West Virginia Division of Culture and History.</li> <li>Steel, Edward M. Jr. <i> The Court-Martial of Mother Jones.</i> University Press of Kentucky, 1995.</li> <li>Steel, Edward M. Jr. "Mother Jones in the Fairmont Field, 1902", <i>Journal of American History</i> 57, Number September 2, 1970) pp. 290–307.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mother_Jones&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Mother Jones</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mother_Jones" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Mother Jones">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" class="extiw" title="q:Mary Harris Jones">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Mary_Harris_Jones" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Mary Harris Jones">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107082" class="extiw" title="d:Q107082">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Mother Jones</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Jones%2C+Mother%2C+1837%E2%80%931930&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Jones%2C+Mother%2C+1837%E2%80%931930">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Jones%2C+Mother%2C+1837%E2%80%931930&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><b>By Mother Jones</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=&au=Jones%2C+Mother%2C+1837%E2%80%931930&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=&au=Jones%2C+Mother%2C+1837%E2%80%931930">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=&au=Jones%2C+Mother%2C+1837%E2%80%931930&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motherjonesmuseum.org">DVD and virtual museum about Mother Jones</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pathfinderpress.com/s.nl/it.A/id.553/.f">Mother Jones Speaks: Speeches and Writings of a Working-Class Fighter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/65079"><i>Autobiography of Mother Jones</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/nj3/RonMBaseman/mojones.htm">Free eBook of The Autobiography of Mother Jones</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/4197">Works by Mother Jones</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070929032016/http://www.guidepostusa.com/Listing.aspx?9093">Mother Jones Monument at GuidepostUSA</a></li> <li>Michals, Debra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/mary-harris-jones">"Mary Harris Jones"</a>. National Women's History Museum. 2015.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://explorepahistory.com/kora/files/1/2/1-2-D28-25-ExplorePAHistory-a0j8h4-a_349.jpg">Jones</a> with <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> 1924</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inductees to the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1970–1979" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1970–1979</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1973</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell" title="Elizabeth Blackwell">Elizabeth Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hamilton" title="Alice Hamilton">Alice Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_R._Sabin" title="Florence R. Sabin">Florence Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_B._Taussig" title="Helen B. Taussig">Helen Brooke Taussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babe_Didrikson_Zaharias" title="Babe Didrikson Zaharias">Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gordon_Low" title="Juliette Gordon Low">Juliette Gordon Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Bayley Seton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980–1989" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980–1989</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belva_Ann_Lockwood" title="Belva Ann Lockwood">Belva Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mary "Mother" Harris Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Risteau" title="Mary Risteau">Mary Risteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells-Barnett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990–1999" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990–1999</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bourke-White" title="Margaret Bourke-White">Margaret Bourke-White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_B._Seibert" title="Florence B. Seibert">Florence B. Seibert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude Belle Elion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Percy_Andrus" title="Ethel Percy Andrus">Ethel Percy Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Antoinette Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Blackwell" title="Emily Blackwell">Emily Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran" title="Jacqueline Cochran">Jacqueline Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Johnson_Colvin" title="Ruth Johnson Colvin">Ruth Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Catherine_Evans" title="Alice Catherine Evans">Alice Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Wright Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Putnam_Jacobi" title="Mary Putnam Jacobi">Mary Putnam Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison">Mae Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney" title="Mary Eliza Mahoney">Mary Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller" title="Wilma Mankiller">Wilma Mankiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Peterson" title="Esther Peterson">Esther Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin">Jeannette Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Roulet" title="Elaine Roulet">Elaine Roulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Siva_Saubel" title="Katherine Siva Saubel">Katherine Siva Saubel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Stephens" title="Helen Stephens">Helen Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam_C._J._Walker" title="Madam C. J. Walker">Madam C. J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn S. Yalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Yerkovich" title="Gloria Yerkovich">Gloria Yerkovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Bradwell" title="Myra Bradwell">Myra Bradwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Cunningham_Croly" title="Jane Cunningham Croly">Jane Cunningham Croly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Shipe_East" title="Catherine Shipe East">Catherine East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper" title="Grace Hopper">Grace Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_LaKelly_Hunt" title="Helen LaKelly Hunt">Helen LaKelly Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wisebart_Jacobs" title="Frances Wisebart Jacobs">Frances Wisebart Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susette_La_Flesche" title="Susette La Flesche">Susette La Flesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_McManus" title="Louise McManus">Louise McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Novello" title="Antonia Novello">Antonia Novello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Richards" title="Linda Richards">Linda Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Rudolph" title="Wilma Rudolph">Wilma Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bone_Schiess" title="Betty Bone Schiess">Betty Bone Schiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Siebert" title="Muriel Siebert">Muriel Siebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettie_Stevens" title="Nettie Stevens">Nettie Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Winnemucca" title="Sarah Winnemucca">Sarah Winnemucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wright" title="Frances Wright">Fanny Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Apgar" title="Virginia Apgar">Virginia Apgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Bancroft" title="Ann Bancroft">Ann Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bloomer" title="Amelia Bloomer">Amelia Bloomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carson_Breckinridge" title="Mary Carson Breckinridge">Mary Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Hanford Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dallas_Dudley" title="Anne Dallas Dudley">Anne Dallas Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Moller_Gilbreth" title="Lillian Moller Gilbreth">Lillian Moller Gilbreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannerl_O._Keohane" title="Nannerl O. Keohane">Nannerl O. Keohane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Kuhn" title="Maggie Kuhn">Maggie Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_St._Pierre_Ruffin" title="Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin">Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_G._Solomon" title="Hannah G. Solomon">Hannah Greenebaum Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Anne Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini" title="Frances Xavier Cabrini">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hallaren" title="Mary Hallaren">Mary A. Hallaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Cole Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh" title="Anne Morrow Lindbergh">Anne Morrow Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Rose" title="Ernestine Rose">Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Bly" title="Nellie Bly">Nellie Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Moss_Bradley" title="Lydia Moss Bradley">Lydia Moss Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Calderone" title="Mary Calderone">Mary Steichen Calderone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Shadd" title="Mary Ann Shadd">Mary Ann Shadd Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Ganz Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah Grimké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_McCormick" title="Katharine McCormick">Katharine Dexter McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanne_L._Ridgway" title="Rozanne L. Ridgway">Rozanne L. Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">Edith Nourse Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Schwartz" title="Felice Schwartz">Felice Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Wald" title="Florence Wald">Florence Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké">Angelina Grimké Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–2009" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Glenn_Abdellah" title="Faye Glenn Abdellah">Faye Glenn Abdellah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Smith_DeVoe" title="Emma Smith DeVoe">Emma Smith DeVoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas" title="Marjory Stoneman Douglas">Marjory Stoneman Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia A. Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Eastman" title="Crystal Eastman">Crystal Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_M._Holm" title="Jeanne M. Holm">Jeanne Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontine_T._Kelly" title="Leontine T. Kelly">Leontine T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Oldham_Kelsey" title="Frances Oldham Kelsey">Frances Oldham Kelsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mullany" title="Kate Mullany">Kate Mullany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Howard_Shaw" title="Anna Howard Shaw">Anna Howard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Smith_(Smith_College)" title="Sophia Smith (Smith College)">Sophia Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Tarbell" title="Ida Tarbell">Ida Tarbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Vaught" title="Wilma Vaught">Wilma L. Vaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Edwards_Walker" title="Mary Edwards Walker">Mary Edwards Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Dodge_Wauneka" title="Annie Dodge Wauneka">Annie Dodge Wauneka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances E. Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hansine_Andersen" title="Dorothy Hansine Andersen">Dorothy H. Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Coleman" title="Bessie Coleman">Bessie Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_de_Forest" title="Marian de Forest">Marian de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althea_Gibson" title="Althea Gibson">Althea Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Hicks" title="Beatrice Hicks">Beatrice A. Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Holdridge" title="Barbara Holdridge">Barbara Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Williams_Russell_Strong" title="Harriet Williams Russell Strong">Harriet Williams Russell Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howell_Warner" title="Emily Howell Warner">Emily Howell Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Kellogg_Wright_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis">Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Holt" title="Bertha Holt">Bertha Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Engle_Pennington" title="Mary Engle Pennington">Mary Engle Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Otis_Warren" title="Mercy Otis Warren">Mercy Otis Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_G._Alvarado" title="Linda G. Alvarado">Linda G. Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_de_Varona" title="Donna de Varona">Donna de Varona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Ederle" title="Gertrude Ederle">Gertrude Ederle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Matilda_Harper" title="Martha Matilda Harper">Martha Matilda Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kwolek" title="Stephanie Kwolek">Stephanie L. Kwolek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Lange" title="Dorothea Lange">Dorothea Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Robbins_Leet" title="Mildred Robbins Leet">Mildred Robbins Leet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink">Patsy Takemoto Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sullivan" title="Anne Sullivan">Anne Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Widnall" title="Sheila Widnall">Sheila E. Widnall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_E._Allen" title="Florence E. Allen">Florence E. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Ruth Fulton Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita Rossi Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Mother Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Y. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Locke" title="Patricia Locke">Patricia A. Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanche Scott">Blanche Stuart Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Burnett_Talbert" title="Mary Burnett Talbert">Mary Burnett Talbert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_K._Baum" title="Eleanor K. Baum">Eleanor K. Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Child" title="Julia Child">Julia Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coffin_Wright" title="Martha Coffin Wright">Martha Coffin Pelham Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanee_Hunt" title="Swanee Hunt">Swanee Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_K%C3%BCbler-Ross" title="Elisabeth Kübler-Ross">Elisabeth Kübler-Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Pipher" title="Judith Pipher">Judith L. Pipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Szold" title="Henrietta Szold">Henrietta Szold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeCrow" title="Karen DeCrow">Karen DeCrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kelly-Dreiss" title="Susan Kelly-Dreiss">Susan Kelly-Dreiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_B._Latimer" title="Allie B. Latimer">Allie B. Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Talbot_Perkins" title="Rebecca Talbot Perkins">Rebecca Talbot Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Stoneman" title="Kate Stoneman">Kate Stoneman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Drexel" title="Katharine Drexel">St. Katharine Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Harrison_Eustis" title="Dorothy Harrison Eustis">Dorothy Harrison Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ford" title="Loretta Ford">Loretta C. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Kelley_Foster" title="Abby Kelley Foster">Abby Kelley Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Murray_Free" title="Helen Murray Free">Helen Murray Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter" title="Lilly Ledbetter">Lilly Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara A. Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Donna E. Shalala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathrine_Switzer" title="Kathrine Switzer">Kathrine Switzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_May_Gaskin" title="Ina May Gaskin">Ina May Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Krone" title="Julie Krone">Julie Krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Joseph_Rogers" title="Mary Joseph Rogers">Mary Joseph Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Sandler" title="Bernice Sandler">Bernice Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Schwartz" title="Anna Schwartz">Anna Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenley_Albright" title="Tenley Albright">Tenley Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Greenberger" title="Marcia Greenberger">Marcia Greenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Iglewski" title="Barbara Iglewski">Barbara Iglewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kilbourne" title="Jean Kilbourne">Jean Kilbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Walls_LaNier" title="Carlotta Walls LaNier">Carlotta Walls LaNier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack">Philippa Marrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harriman_Rumsey" title="Mary Harriman Rumsey">Mary Harriman Rumsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Smeal" title="Eleanor Smeal">Eleanor Smeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Cuomo" title="Matilda Cuomo">Matilda Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansberry" title="Lorraine Hansberry">Lorraine Hansberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Jackson_(entrepreneur)" title="Victoria Jackson (entrepreneur)">Victoria Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Clare Boothe Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mullins" title="Aimee Mullins">Aimee Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Mutter" title="Carol Mutter">Carol Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Waters" title="Alice Waters">Alice Waters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Allred" title="Gloria Allred">Gloria Allred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Deer" title="Sarah Deer">Sarah Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malachowski" title="Nicole Malachowski">Nicole Malachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_O%27Neill" title="Rose O'Neill">Rose O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Slaughter" title="Louise Slaughter">Louise Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Wong-Staal" title="Flossie Wong-Staal">Flossie Wong-Staal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020–2029" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020–2029</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hillary_(adventurer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Hillary (adventurer)">Barbara Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Church_Terrell" title="Mary Church Terrell">Mary Church Terrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_S._Halstead" title="Rebecca S. Halstead">Rebecca S. Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Hamm" title="Mia Hamm">Mia Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howland" title="Emily Howland">Emily Howland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson">Katherine Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath">Patricia Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elouise_P._Cobell" title="Elouise P. Cobell">Elouise P. Cobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw">Kimberlé Crenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">Peggy McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Plaskow" title="Judith Plaskow">Judith Plaskow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ross" title="Loretta Ross">Loretta Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist)" title="Sandy Stone (artist)">Sandy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Wessels_Williams" title="Anna Wessels Williams">Anna Wessels Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syndicalism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/19px-Syndicalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/29px-Syndicalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/38px-Syndicalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="530" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Organized_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Organized labor">Organized labor</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/21px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/42px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107082#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107082#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107082#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000400334967">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/193711314">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1730605/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcwBpB9M4KRtt7qkw97HC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118546120">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80002291">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11908979j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11908979j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jones, Mary Harris <1830-1930>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/IEIV007575">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35252801">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX982528">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p235212156">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2018O2872">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm14cmv73gwg3w7">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810638817305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007336646405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058524516406706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01325510?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mother Jones"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/7b52e2c7-627d-4c65-964e-c1b10c58de7e">MusicBrainz</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/883115">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026940094">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w66794x8">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6qr8qsz">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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