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</li> <li id="toc-Witness_to_the_Russian_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Witness_to_the_Russian_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Witness to the Russian Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Witness_to_the_Russian_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radical_political_activist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radical_political_activist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Radical political activist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radical_political_activist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comintern_functionary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comintern_functionary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Comintern functionary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comintern_functionary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Representation_in_other_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representation_in_other_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Representation in other media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Representation_in_other_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John Reed (journalist)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_(%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%89)" title="جون ريد (صحفى) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون ريد (صحفى)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="جان رید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان رید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1_(%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95)" title="জন রিড (সাংবাদিক) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জন রিড (সাংবাদিক)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%B4" title="Джон Рыд – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джон Рыд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Джон Рид – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джон Рид" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed" title="John Reed – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="John Reed" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed" title="John Reed – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John Reed" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed" title="John Reed – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="John Reed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed" title="John Reed – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Reed" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%A1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Τζον Ριντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζον Ριντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed" title="John Reed – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Reed" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed" title="John Reed – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="John Reed" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed_(kazetaria)" title="John Reed (kazetaria) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="John Reed (kazetaria)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="جان رید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان رید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed_(journaliste)" title="John Reed (journaliste) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Reed (journaliste)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed" title="John Reed – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="John Reed" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C_(1887%EB%85%84)" title="존 리드 (1887년) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 리드 (1887년)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%A4" title="Ջոն Ռիդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոն Ռիդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed" title="John Reed – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Reed" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed" title="John Reed – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Reed" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93_(%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%99)" title="ג'ון ריד (עיתונאי) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון ריד (עיתונאי)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ജോൺ റീഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോൺ റീഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_(%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%89)" title="جون ريد (صحفى) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون ريد (صحفى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed" title="John Reed – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John Reed" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="ジョン・リード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・リード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed_(journalist)" title="John Reed (journalist) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="John Reed (journalist)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1_(%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਜਾਹਨ ਰੀਡ (ਪੱਤਰਕਾਰ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਾਹਨ ਰੀਡ (ਪੱਤਰਕਾਰ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed" title="John Reed – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John Reed" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed" title="John Reed – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Reed" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B4,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Рид, Джон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рид, Джон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Џон Рид – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џон Рид" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed" title="John Reed – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="John Reed" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed" title="John Reed – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John Reed" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed" title="John Reed – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Reed" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜான் ரீட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜான் ரீட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed_(gazeteci)" title="John Reed (gazeteci) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="John Reed (gazeteci)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Джон Рід – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Рід" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed_(nh%C3%A0_b%C3%A1o)" title="John Reed (nhà báo) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="John Reed (nhà báo)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">American journalist, poet, and activist (1887–1920)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jack Reed</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnreed1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Johnreed1.jpg/220px-Johnreed1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Johnreed1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="382" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Reed <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1915</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">John Silas Reed</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1887-10-22</span>)</span>October 22, 1887<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 17, 1920<span style="display:none">(1920-10-17)</span> (aged 32)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis" title="Kremlin Wall Necropolis">Kremlin Wall Necropolis</a>, Moscow</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Journalist</li><li>poet</li><li>political activist</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Communist Labor Party of America">Communist Labor Party of America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bryant" title="Louise Bryant">Louise Bryant</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1916)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #d33; border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#AE1719; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_States" title="History of the socialist movement in the United States"><span style="color: #FFF;">Socialism<br />in the United States</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg/120px-American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg/180px-American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg/240px-American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="292" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Hill,_Illinois#History" title="Bishop Hill, Illinois">Bishop Hill Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brook_Farm" title="Brook Farm">Brook Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icarians" title="Icarians">Icarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonestown" title="Jonestown">Jonestown</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Looking_Backward" title="Looking Backward">Looking Backward</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Harmony,_Indiana" title="New Harmony, Indiana">New Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_Community" title="Oneida Community">Oneida Community</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1877_St._Louis_general_strike" title="1877 St. Louis general strike">1877 St. Louis general strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Lawrence_textile_strike" title="1912 Lawrence textile strike">1912 Lawrence textile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Worker_Movement" title="Catholic Worker Movement">Catholic Worker Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Corn_Rebellion" title="Green Corn Rebellion">Green Corn Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_history_of_the_United_States" title="Labor history of the United States">Labor unionization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Repression and persecution</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Defense_Society" title="American Defense Society">American Defense Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Protective_League" title="American Protective League">American Protective League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA_and_African_Americans" title="Communist Party USA and African Americans">Communist Party USA and African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Labor_history_of_the_United_States" title="Labor history of the United States">labor movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA_and_American_labor_movement_(1919%E2%80%931937)" title="Communist Party USA and American labor movement (1919–1937)">1919–1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA_and_American_labor_movement_(1937%E2%80%931950)" title="Communist Party USA and American labor movement (1937–1950)">1937–1957</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espionage_Act_of_1917" title="Espionage Act of 1917">Espionage Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Red_Scare" title="First Red Scare">First Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">John Birch Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_General_Strike" title="Seattle General Strike">Seattle General Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Act" title="Smith Act">Smith Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Act_trials_of_Communist_Party_leaders" title="Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders">Smith Act trials</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">Anti-war</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a> movements</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_power_movement" title="Black power movement">Black power movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COINTELPRO" title="COINTELPRO">COINTELPRO</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Have_a_Dream" title="I Have a Dream">I Have a Dream</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington" title="March on Washington">March on Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_People%27s_Campaign" title="Poor People's Campaign">Poor People's Campaign</a></li></ul> <p><b>Contemporary</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Abern" title="Martin Abern">Abern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Avrich" title="Paul Avrich">Avrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwasi_Balagoon" title="Kuwasi Balagoon">Balagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Bellamy (Edward)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bellamy" title="Francis Bellamy">Bellamy (Francis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_L._Berger" title="Victor L. Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaal_Bowman" title="Jamaal Bowman">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bruenig" title="Elizabeth Bruenig">Bruenig (Elizabeth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Bruenig" title="Matt Bruenig">Bruenig (Matt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Brisbane" title="Albert Brisbane">Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Brooks_(political_commentator)" title="Michael Brooks (political commentator)">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Browder" title="Earl Browder">Browder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cori_Bush" title="Cori Bush">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cabet" title="Étienne Cabet">Cabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Cannon" title="James P. Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Cantor" title="Dan Cantor">Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokely_Carmichael" title="Stokely Carmichael">Carmichael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Clark" title="Peter H. Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cockburn" title="Alexander Cockburn">Cockburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Davis (Angela)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Davis_(scholar)" title="Mike Davis (scholar)">Davis (Mike)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodi_Dean" title="Jodi Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_De_la_Cruz" title="Claudia De la Cruz">De la Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_De_Leon" title="Daniel De Leon">De Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Dennis" title="Eugene Dennis">Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarissa_Dixon" title="Clarissa Dixon">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Dreiser" title="Theodore Dreiser">Dreiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Ehrenreich" title="Barbara Ehrenreich">Ehrenreich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Fearing" title="Kenneth Fearing">Fearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Feinberg" title="Leslie Feinberg">Feinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Gurley_Flynn" title="Elizabeth Gurley Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Ford" title="James W. Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Z._Foster" title="William Z. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Wilson_Gilmore" title="Ruth Wilson Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gitlow" title="Benjamin Gitlow">Gitlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Batchelder_Greene" title="William Batchelder Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiell_Hammett" title="Dashiell Hammett">Hammett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yip_Harburg" title="Yip Harburg">Harburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Harrington" title="Michael Harrington">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Harrison" title="Hubert Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hay" title="Harry Hay">Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Haywood" title="Bill Haywood">Haywood (Bill)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Haywood" title="Harry Haywood">Haywood (Harry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hedges" title="Chris Hedges">Hedges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Heywood" title="Angela Heywood">Heywood (Angela)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Heywood" title="Ezra Heywood">Heywood (Ezra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Hill_(activist)" title="Joe Hill (activist)">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Hillquit" title="Morris Hillquit">Hillquit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hoan" title="Daniel Hoan">Hoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbie_Hoffman" title="Abbie Hoffman">Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_Jameson" title="Fredric Jameson">Jameson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Labadie" title="Jo Labadie">Labadie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">La Guardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_London" title="Jack London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Lovestone" title="Jay Lovestone">Lovestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyer_Lum" title="Dyer Lum">Lum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Marcy" title="Sam Marcy">Marcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McReynolds" title="David McReynolds">McReynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlene_Mitchell" title="Charlene Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Morello" title="Tom Morello">Morello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Humphrey_Noyes" title="John Humphrey Noyes">Noyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Ochs" title="Phil Ochs">Ochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Panken" title="Jacob Panken">Panken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Parenti" title="Michael Parenti">Parenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Parsons" title="Albert Parsons">Parsons (Albert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons (Lucy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Piker" title="Hasan Piker">Piker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Fox_Piven" title="Frances Fox Piven">Piven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ripley_(transcendentalist)" title="George Ripley (transcendentalist)">Ripley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Robbins" title="Matilda Robbins">Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_J._Robinson" title="Nathan J. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zack_de_la_Rocha" title="Zack de la Rocha">Rocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Roediger" title="David Roediger">Roediger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayard_Rustin" title="Bayard Rustin">Rustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ruthenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Ruthenberg">Ruthenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Sacco and Vanzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Sandburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshama_Sawant" title="Kshama Sawant">Sawant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Seale" title="Bobby Seale">Seale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel">Seidel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Shachtman" title="Max Shachtman">Shachtman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assata_Shakur" title="Assata Shakur">Shakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._F._Stone" title="I. F. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaskar_Sunkara" title="Bhaskar Sunkara">Sunkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sweezy" title="Paul Sweezy">Sweezy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serj_Tankian" title="Serj Tankian">Tankian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib" title="Rashida Tlaib">Tlaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Turner" title="Nina Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Wolff" title="Richard D. Wolff">Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Meiksins_Wood" title="Ellen Meiksins Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Olin_Wright" title="Erik Olin Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zeidler" title="Frank Zeidler">Zeidler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Active organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antifa_(United_States)" title="Antifa (United States)">Antifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Riders_Liberation_Party" title="Black Riders Liberation Party">Black Riders Liberation Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Socialists_in_America" title="Black Socialists in America">Black Socialists in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America" title="Democratic Socialists of America">Democratic Socialists of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_New_York_(2010)" title="Freedom Party of New York (2010)">Freedom Party of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Road_Socialist_Organization" title="Freedom Road Socialist Organization">Freedom Road Socialist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Socialist_Party" title="Freedom Socialist Party">Freedom Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Mountain_Peace_and_Justice_Party" title="Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party">Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal Marijuana Now">Legal Marijuana Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Progressive_Party_(United_States)_state_affiliates" title="Category:National Progressive Party (United States) state affiliates">National Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Afrikan_Black_Panther_Party" title="New Afrikan Black Panther Party">New Afrikan Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Party for Socialism and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Dane" title="Progressive Dane">Progressive Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Labor_Party_(United_States)" title="Progressive Labor Party (United States)">Progressive Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redneck_Revolt" title="Redneck Revolt">Redneck Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_Party,_USA" title="Revolutionary Communist Party, USA">Revolutionary Communist Party, USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(United_States)" title="Socialist Action (United States)">Socialist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(United_States)" title="Socialist Alternative (United States)">Socialist Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Workers_Party" title="South Carolina Workers Party">South Carolina Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats,_USA" title="Social Democrats, USA">Social Democrats, USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Rifle_Association" title="Socialist Rifle Association">Socialist Rifle Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(United_States)" title="Solidarity (United States)">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_(U.S._organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spark (U.S. organization)">Spark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartacist_League_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartacist League (US)">Spartacist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">Working Families Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Class_Party" title="Working Class Party">Working Class Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Party_of_the_United_States" title="World Socialist 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title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism_US" title="Template:Socialism US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialism_US" title="Template talk:Socialism US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John</b> <b>Silas Reed</b> (October 22, 1887 – October 17, 1920) was an American <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalist</a>, poet, and <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a> activist. Reed first gained prominence as a <a href="/wiki/War_correspondent" title="War correspondent">war correspondent</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Magazine_(New_York_City)" title="Metropolitan Magazine (New York City)">Metropolitan</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Masses" title="The Masses">The Masses</a></i>. He is best known for his coverage of the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Petrograd</a>, Russia, which he wrote about in his 1919 book <i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Days_That_Shook_the_World" title="Ten Days That Shook the World">Ten Days That Shook the World</a></i>. </p><p>Reed supported the Soviet takeover of Russia, even briefly taking up arms to join the <a href="/wiki/Red_Guards_(Russia)" title="Red Guards (Russia)">Red Guards</a> in 1918. He hoped for a similar communist revolution in the United States, and co-founded the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Communist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Communist Labor Party of America">Communist Labor Party of America</a> in 1919. He died in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spotted_typhus" class="mw-redirect" title="Spotted typhus">spotted typhus</a> in 1920. At the time of his death, he may have soured on the Soviet leadership, but he was given a hero's burial by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and is one of only four Americans buried at the <a href="/wiki/Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis" title="Kremlin Wall Necropolis">Kremlin Wall Necropolis</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Reed_(journalist)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reed was born on October 22, 1887, in his maternal grandparents' mansion in what is now the <a href="/wiki/Goose_Hollow,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Goose Hollow, Portland, Oregon">Goose Hollow</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>. His grandmother's household had Chinese servants.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reed wrote of paying a nickel to a "Goose Hollowite" (young toughs in a gang in the working-class neighborhood below King's Hill) to keep from being beaten up. In 2001 a memorial bench dedicated to Reed was installed in <a href="/wiki/Washington_Park,_Portland,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Park, Portland, Oregon">Washington Park</a>, which overlooks the site of Reed's birthplace (the mansion no longer exists).<sup id="cite_ref-prince_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prince-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His mother, Margaret Reed (née Green), was the daughter of Portland industrialist Henry Dodge Green,<sup id="cite_ref-cartoon_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cartoon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had made a fortune founding and operating three businesses: the first gas & light company, the first pig iron smelter on the West Coast, and the Portland water works (he was its second owner).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SW Green Avenue was named in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-cartoon_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cartoon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>John's father, Charles Jerome Reed, was born in the East and came to Portland as the representative of an agricultural machinery manufacturer. With his ready wit, he quickly won acceptance in Portland's business community.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple had married in 1886, and the family's wealth came from the Green side, not the Reed side. </p><p>A sickly child, young Jack grew up surrounded by nurses and servants. His mother carefully selected his upper-class playmates. He had a brother, Harry, who was two years younger.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jack and his brother were sent to the recently established Portland Academy, a private school.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jack was bright enough to pass his courses but could not be bothered to work for top marks, as he found school dry and tedious.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1904, he was sent to <a href="/wiki/Morristown-Beard_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Morristown-Beard School">Morristown</a>, a <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> <a href="/wiki/University-preparatory_school" class="mw-redirect" title="University-preparatory school">prep school</a>, to prepare for college. His father, who did not attend college, wanted his sons to go to Harvard.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Morristown Jack continued his poor classroom performance, but made the <a href="/wiki/History_of_American_football" title="History of American football">football</a> team and showed some literary promise.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Reed_poem_Monthly_vol_44_(1907).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/John_Reed_poem_Monthly_vol_44_%281907%29.jpg/220px-John_Reed_poem_Monthly_vol_44_%281907%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/John_Reed_poem_Monthly_vol_44_%281907%29.jpg/330px-John_Reed_poem_Monthly_vol_44_%281907%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/John_Reed_poem_Monthly_vol_44_%281907%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption><i>The Harvard Monthly</i> Vol. 44 (1907)</figcaption></figure> <p>Reed failed his first attempt at Harvard College's admission exam but passed on his second try, and enrolled in the fall of 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tall, handsome, and lighthearted, he threw himself into all manner of student activities. He was a member of the cheerleading team, the swimming team, and the dramatic club, served on the editorial boards of the <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Lampoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard Lampoon">Lampoon</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Monthly" title="The Harvard Monthly">The Harvard Monthly</a></i>, and was president of the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Glee_Club" title="Harvard Glee Club">Harvard Glee Club</a>. In 1910 he held a position in the <a href="/wiki/Hasty_Pudding_Theatricals" title="Hasty Pudding Theatricals">Hasty Pudding Theatricals</a>, and also wrote music and lyrics for their show <i>Diana's Debut</i>. Reed failed to make the football and <a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">crew</a> teams, but excelled in swimming and water polo.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also made "Ivy orator and poet" in his senior year. </p><p>Reed attended meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Socialist_Society" title="Intercollegiate Socialist Society">Socialist Club</a>, over which his friend <a href="/wiki/Walter_Lippmann" title="Walter Lippmann">Walter Lippmann</a> presided, but never joined. The group introduced legislation into the state legislature, attacked the university for failing to pay its servants living wages, and petitioned the administration to establish a course on <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reed later recalled: </p> <blockquote><p>All this made no ostensible difference in the look of Harvard society, and probably the club-men and the athletes, who represented us to the world, never even heard of it. But it made me, and many others, realize that there was something going on in the dull outside world more thrilling than college activities, and turned our attention to the writings of men like <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graham_Wallas" title="Graham Wallas">Graham Wallas</a>, wrenching us away from the <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wildian</a> <a href="/wiki/Amateur" title="Amateur">dilettantism</a> which had possessed undergraduate litterateurs for generations.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Reed graduated from Harvard College in 1910. That summer he set out to see more of the "dull outside world", visiting England, France, and Spain before returning home to America the following spring.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To pay his fare to Europe, Reed worked as a common laborer on a cattle boat. His travels were encouraged by his favorite professor, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Townsend_Copeland" title="Charles Townsend Copeland">Charles Townsend Copeland</a> ("Copey"), who told him he must "see life" if he wanted to successfully write about it.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Reed_(journalist)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journalist">Journalist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Reed_(journalist)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Journalist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Reed_journalist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/John_Reed_journalist.jpg/150px-John_Reed_journalist.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/John_Reed_journalist.jpg/225px-John_Reed_journalist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/John_Reed_journalist.jpg/300px-John_Reed_journalist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2312" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A native of <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, John Reed made New York City the base of his operations.</figcaption></figure> <p>Reed had determined to become a journalist and set out to make his mark in New York. Reed made use of a valuable contact from Harvard, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Steffens" title="Lincoln Steffens">Lincoln Steffens</a>, who was establishing a reputation as a <a href="/wiki/Muckraker" title="Muckraker">muckraker</a>. Steffens quickly appreciated Reed's skills and intellect and landed his young admirer an entry-level position on <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Magazine" title="The American Magazine">The American Magazine</a></i>, where Reed read manuscripts, corrected proofs, and helped with the composition. Reed supplemented his salary by taking an additional job as the business manager of a new short-lived quarterly magazine, <i>Landscape Architecture.</i><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reed made his home in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>, a burgeoning hub of poets, writers, activists, and artists. He came to love New York, relentlessly exploring it and writing poems about it. His formal jobs on the magazines paid the rent, but it was as a <a href="/wiki/Freelancer" title="Freelancer">freelance journalist</a> that Reed sought to establish himself. He collected rejection slips, circulating an essay and short stories about his six months in Europe, eventually breaking through in the <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Evening_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturday Evening Post">Saturday Evening Post</a></i>. Within a year, Reed had other work accepted by <i><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="Collier's Weekly">Collier's</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Forum_(defunct_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Forum (defunct magazine)">The Forum</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Century_Magazine" title="The Century Magazine">The Century Magazine</a></i>. One of his poems was set to music by composer <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Foote" title="Arthur Foote">Arthur Foote</a>, another by <a href="/wiki/Marion_Bauer" title="Marion Bauer">Marion Bauer</a>. The editors at <i>The American</i> came to see him as a contributor and began to publish his work.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reed's serious interest in social problems was first aroused about this time by Steffens and <a href="/wiki/Ida_Tarbell" title="Ida Tarbell">Ida Tarbell</a>. He moved beyond them to a more radical political position than theirs. In 1913, he joined the staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Masses" title="The Masses">The Masses</a></i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Max_Eastman" title="Max Eastman">Max Eastman</a>. Reed contributed more than 50 articles, reviews, and shorter pieces to this socialist publication. </p><p>The first of Reed's many arrests came in <a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson, New Jersey</a>, in 1913, for attempting to speak on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Paterson_Silk_Strike_of_1913" class="mw-redirect" title="Paterson Silk Strike of 1913">strikers in the New Jersey silk mills</a>. The harsh treatment meted out by the authorities to the strikers and the short jail term he served further radicalized Reed. He allied with the general socialist union,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Homberger,_John_Reed,_p._49_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Homberger,_John_Reed,_p._49-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His account of his experiences was published in June as an article, "War in Paterson". During the same year, following a suggestion made by IWW leader <a href="/wiki/Bill_Haywood" title="Bill Haywood">Bill Haywood</a>, Reed put on "The Pageant of the Paterson Strike" in <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a> as a benefit for the strikers.<sup id="cite_ref-Homberger,_John_Reed,_p._49_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Homberger,_John_Reed,_p._49-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the autumn of 1913, Reed was sent to Mexico by the <i><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Magazine_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Magazine (New York)">Metropolitan Magazine</a></i> to report on the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He shared the perils of <a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa" title="Pancho Villa">Pancho Villa</a>'s army for four months and was with Villa's Constitutional (Constitutionalist) Army (whose "Primer Jefe" political chief was <a href="/wiki/Venustiano_Carranza" title="Venustiano Carranza">Venustiano Carranza</a>) when it defeated Federal forces at <a href="/wiki/Torre%C3%B3n" title="Torreón">Torreón</a>, opening the way for its advance on Mexico City.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reed adored Villa, but Carranza left him cold. </p><p>Reed's reporting on the <a href="/wiki/Villistas" class="mw-redirect" title="Villistas">Villistas</a> in a series of outstanding magazine articles gained him a national reputation as a <a href="/wiki/War_correspondent" title="War correspondent">war correspondent</a>. Reed deeply sympathized with the <a href="/wiki/Peon" title="Peon">peons</a> and vehemently opposed <a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Veracruz" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of Veracruz">American intervention</a>. Reed's reports were collected and published as the book <i>Insurgent Mexico</i> (1914). </p><p>On April 30, 1914, Reed arrived in <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, scene of the recent <a href="/wiki/Ludlow_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludlow massacre">Ludlow massacre</a>, which was part of the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Coalfield_War" title="Colorado Coalfield War">Colorado Coalfield War</a> between the <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr." title="John D. Rockefeller Jr.">John D. Rockefeller Jr.</a>-owned <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Fuel_%26_Iron_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado Fuel & Iron Company">Colorado Fuel & Iron Company</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Mine_Workers_of_America" title="United Mine Workers of America">United Mine Workers</a> union supporters. There he spent a little more than a week, during which he investigated the events, spoke on behalf of the miners, and wrote an impassioned article on the subject ("The Colorado War", published in July). He came to believe much more deeply in class conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reed spent summer 1914 in <a href="/wiki/Provincetown,_Massachusetts" title="Provincetown, Massachusetts">Provincetown, Massachusetts</a> with <a href="/wiki/Mabel_Dodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Mabel Dodge">Mabel Dodge</a> and her son, putting together <i>Insurgent Mexico</i> and interviewing <a href="/wiki/United_States_President" class="mw-redirect" title="United States President">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> on the subject. The resulting report, much watered down at <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> insistence, was not a success.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_correspondent">War correspondent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Reed_(journalist)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: War correspondent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On August 14, 1914, shortly after <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a> declared war on France, Reed set sail for neutral Italy, on assignment for the <i>Metropolitan</i>. He met his lover Mabel Dodge in <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, and the pair made their way to Paris. Reed believed the war was the result of imperialist commercial rivalries and felt little sympathy for any of the parties. </p><p>In an unsigned piece titled "The Traders' War", published in the September 1914 issue of <i>The Masses</i>, Reed wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The real War, of which this sudden outburst of death and destruction is only an incident, began long ago. It has been raging for tens of years, but its battles have been so little advertised that they have been hardly noted. It is a clash of Traders... </p><p>What has democracy to do in alliance with <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II" title="Nicholas II">Nicholas</a>, the Tsar? Is it Liberalism which is marching from the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Petersburg</a> of <a href="/wiki/Father_Gapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Father Gapon">Father Gapon</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Odessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Odessa">Odessa</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogroms</a>?... </p><p>No. There is a falling out among commercial rivals.... </p><p>We, who are Socialists, must hope—we may even expect—that out of this horror of bloodshed and dire destruction will come far-reaching social changes—and a long step forward towards our goal of Peace among Men. </p><p>But we must not be duped by this editorial buncombe about Liberalism going forth to Holy War against Tyranny. </p><p> This is not Our War.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In France, Reed was frustrated by wartime censorship and the difficulty of reaching the front. Reed and Dodge went to London, and Dodge soon left for New York, to Reed's relief. The rest of 1914 he spent drinking with French prostitutes and pursuing an affair with a German woman.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pair went to Berlin in early December. While there, Reed interviewed <a href="/wiki/Karl_Liebknecht" title="Karl Liebknecht">Karl Liebknecht</a>, one of the few socialists in Germany to vote against war credits. Reed was deeply disappointed by the general collapse in working-class solidarity promised by the <a href="/wiki/Second_International" title="Second International">Second International</a>, and by its replacement with <a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">militarism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reed-john-1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Reed-john-1917.jpg/150px-Reed-john-1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Reed-john-1917.jpg/225px-Reed-john-1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Reed-john-1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Reed <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1917</span></figcaption></figure> <p>He returned to New York in December and wrote more about the war. In 1915, he traveled to Central Europe, accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Boardman_Robinson" title="Boardman Robinson">Boardman Robinson</a>, a Canadian artist and frequent <i>Masses</i> contributor. Traveling from <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>, they saw scenes of profound devastation in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a> (including a bombed-out <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>), also going through <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a>. They passed through the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Pale_of_Settlement" title="Pale of Settlement">Pale of Settlement</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabia</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm">Chełm</a>, they were arrested and incarcerated for several weeks. At risk of being shot for espionage, they were saved by the American ambassador. </p><p>Traveling to Russia, Reed was outraged to learn that the American ambassador in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Petrograd</a> was inclined to believe they were spies. Reed and Robinson were rearrested when they tried to slip into Romania. This time the British ambassador (Robinson being a British subject) finally secured permission for them to leave, but not until after all their papers were seized in <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, the duo spent time piecing together more of their journey. At one point Reed traveled to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> in hopes of seeing action at <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli" title="Gallipoli">Gallipoli</a>. From these experiences he wrote the book, <i><a href="/wiki/The_War_in_Eastern_Europe" title="The War in Eastern Europe">The War in Eastern Europe</a></i>, published in April 1916. </p><p>After returning to New York, Reed visited his mother in Portland. There he met and fell in love with <a href="/wiki/Louise_Bryant" title="Louise Bryant">Louise Bryant</a>, who joined him on the East Coast in January 1916. Though happily involved, both also had affairs with others in accordance with their bohemian circle and ideas about sexual liberation. Early in 1916, Reed met the young playwright <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a>. Beginning that May, the three rented a cottage in <a href="/wiki/Provincetown,_Massachusetts" title="Provincetown, Massachusetts">Provincetown, Massachusetts</a>, a summer destination on <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a> for many artists and writers from Greenwich Village. Not long after, Bryant and O'Neill began a romance.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>That summer Reed covered the presidential nominating conventions. He endorsed <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>, believing that he would make good on his promise to keep America out of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1916 he married Bryant in <a href="/wiki/Peekskill,_New_York" title="Peekskill, New York">Peekskill, New York</a>. The same year, he underwent an operation at <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins Hospital</a> to remove a kidney. He was hospitalized until mid-December.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operation rendered him ineligible for conscription and saved him from registering as a <a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">conscientious objector</a>, as had been his intention. During 1916 he privately published <i>Tamburlaine and Other Verses</i>, in an edition of 500 copies. </p><p>As the country raced towards war, Reed was marginalized: his relationship with the <i>Metropolitan</i> was over. He pawned his late father's watch and sold his <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a> cottage to the <a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">birth control</a> activist and sex educator <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Wilson asked for a declaration of war on April 2, 1917, Reed shouted at a hastily convened meeting of the People's Council in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a>: "This is not my war, and I will not support it. This is not my war, and I will have nothing to do with it."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July and August Reed continued to write vehement articles against the war for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Masses" title="The Masses">The Masses</a></i>, which the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_Department" title="United States Post Office Department">United States Post Office Department</a> refused to mail, and for <i>Seven Arts</i>. Due to antiwar articles by Reed and <a href="/wiki/Randolph_Bourne" title="Randolph Bourne">Randolph Bourne</a>, the arts magazine lost its financial backing and ceased publication.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reed was stunned by the nation's pro-war fervor, and his career lay in ruins. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Witness_to_the_Russian_Revolution">Witness to the Russian Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Reed_(journalist)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Witness to the Russian Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%E2%84%96_5885._1987._100_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%E2%84%96_5885._1987._100_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%E2%84%96_5885._1987._100_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%E2%84%96_5885._1987._100_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%E2%84%96_5885._1987._100_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%E2%84%96_5885._1987._100_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>1987 Soviet stamp reading, "Worker of the American labor movement, internationalist writer, John Reed"</figcaption></figure> <p>On August 17, 1917, Reed and Bryant set sail from New York to Europe, having first provided the <a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of State">State Department</a> with legally sworn assurances that neither would represent the Socialist Party at a forthcoming conference in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pair were going as working journalists to report on the sensational developments taking place in the fledgling republic of Russia. Traveling by way of <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, the pair arrived in the capital city of Petrograd immediately after the failed <a href="/wiki/Kornilov_affair" title="Kornilov affair">military coup</a> of <a href="/wiki/Monarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchist">monarchist</a> General <a href="/wiki/Lavr_Kornilov" title="Lavr Kornilov">Lavr Kornilov</a>. This was an attempt to topple the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Provisional_Government" title="Russian Provisional Government">Provisional Government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Alexander Kerensky</a> by force of arms. Reed and Bryant found the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Russia" title="Economy of Russia">Russian economy</a> in shambles. Several of the subject nations of the old empire, such as <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Finland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_State" title="Ukrainian State">Ukraine</a>, had gained autonomy and were seeking separate military accommodations with Germany. </p><p>Reed and Bryant were in Petrograd for the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>, in which the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>, headed by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>, toppled the Kerensky government; the Bolsheviks believed this was the first blow of a worldwide socialist revolution. </p><p>Food shortages made the situation dire in the capital, and social disorder reigned. Reed later recalled: </p> <blockquote><p>The last month of the Kerensky regime was marked first by the falling off of the bread supply from 2 pounds a day to 1 pound, to half a pound, to a quarter of a pound, and, the final week, no bread at all. Holdups and crime increased to such an extent that you could hardly walk down the streets. The papers were full of it. Not only had the government broken down, but the municipal government had absolutely broken down. The city militia was quite disorganized and up in the air, and the street-cleaning apparatus and all that sort of thing had broken down—milk and everything of that sort.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>A mood for radical change was in the air. The Bolsheviks, seeking an all-socialist government and immediate end to Russian participation in the war, sought the transfer of power from Kerensky to a <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Soviets_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union">Congress of Soviets</a>, a gathering of elected workers' and soldiers' deputies to be convened in October. The Kerensky government considered this a kind of coup, and moved to shut down the Bolshevik press. It issued warrants of arrest for the Soviet leaders and prepared to transfer the troops of the Petrograd garrison, believed to be unreliable, back to the front. A <a href="/wiki/Military_Revolutionary_Committee" title="Military Revolutionary Committee">Military Revolutionary Committee</a> of the Soviets, dominated by the Bolshevik Party, determined to seize power on behalf of the future Congress of Soviets. At 11 pm on the evening of November 7, 1917, it captured the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Palace" title="Winter Palace">Winter Palace</a>, the seat of Kerensky's government.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reed and Bryant were present during the fall of the Winter Palace, the symbolic event that started the Bolshevik Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B4-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B4-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg/150px-%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B4-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B4-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg/225px-%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B4-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B4-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>The cover of this 1919 British pamphlet emphasizes Reed's short-lived status as Soviet consul.</figcaption></figure> <p>Reed was an enthusiastic supporter of the new <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">revolutionary socialist</a> government. He went to work for the new <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Commissariat_for_Foreign_Affairs" title="People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs">People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs</a>, translating decrees and news of the new government into English. "I also collaborated in the gathering of material and data and distributing of papers to go into the German trenches," Reed later recalled.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reed was close to the inner circle of the new government. He met <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> and was introduced to Lenin during a break of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Constituent_Assembly" title="Russian Constituent Assembly">Constituent Assembly</a> on January 18, 1918. By December, his funds were nearly exhausted, and he took a job with American <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Robins" title="Raymond Robins">Raymond Robins</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">International Red Cross</a>. Robins wanted to set up a newspaper promoting American interests; Reed complied. But in the dummy issue he prepared, he included a warning beneath the masthead: "This paper is devoted to promoting the interests of American capital."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dissolution of the Constituent Assembly left Reed unmoved. Two days later, armed with a rifle, he joined a patrol of <a href="/wiki/Red_Guards_(Russia)" title="Red Guards (Russia)">Red Guards</a> prepared to defend the Foreign Office from counter-revolutionary attack.<sup id="cite_ref-Homberger,_p._161_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Homberger,_p._161-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reed attended the opening of the Third Congress of Soviets, where he gave a short speech promising to bring the news of the revolution to America, saying he hoped it would "call forth an answer from America's oppressed and exploited masses." American journalist Edgar Sisson told Reed that he was being used by the Bolsheviks for their propaganda, a rebuke he accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-Homberger,_p._161_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Homberger,_p._161-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January, Trotsky, responding to Reed's concern about the safety of his substantial archive, offered Reed the post of <a href="/wiki/Consulate-General_of_Russia_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Consulate-General of Russia in New York City">Soviet Consul in New York</a>. As the United States did not recognize the Bolshevik government, Reed's credentials would almost certainly have been rejected and he would have faced prison (which would have given the Bolsheviks some propaganda material). Most Americans in Petrograd considered Reed's appointment a massive blunder. Businessman <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gumberg" title="Alexander Gumberg">Alexander Gumberg</a> met with Lenin, showing him a prospectus in which Reed called for massive American capital support for Russia and for setting up a newspaper to express the American viewpoint on the negotiations at <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk_(Russia%E2%80%93Central_Powers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Russia–Central Powers)">Brest-Litovsk</a>. Lenin found the proposal unsavory and withdrew Reed's nomination. Learning of Gumberg's intervention, Reed always denigrated him afterward.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reed and Bryant wrote and published books about their Russian experiences. Bryant's <i>Six Red Months in Russia</i> appeared first, but Reed's <i>10 Days That Shook the World</i> (1919) garnered more notice. </p><p>Bryant returned to the United States in January 1918, but Reed did not reach <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> until April 28.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuart,_p._303_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuart,_p._303-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his way back, Reed traveled from Russia to <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>; he did not have a <a href="/wiki/Visa_(document)" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa (document)">visa</a> or <a href="/wiki/Passport" title="Passport">passport</a> while crossing to <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Turku" title="Port of Turku">Turku harbor</a>, when Reed was boarding a ship on his way to <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Police_of_Finland" title="Police of Finland">Finnish police</a> arrested him; he was held at <a href="/wiki/Kakola" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakola">Kakola</a> prison in <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a> until he was released. From Finland, Reed traveled to <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Kristiania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> via <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>. </p><p>Because he remained under indictment in the <i>Masses</i> case, federal authorities immediately met Reed when his ship reached New York, holding him on board for more than eight hours while they searched his belongings. Reed's papers, the material from which he intended to write his book, were seized. He was released upon his own recognizance after his attorney, <a href="/wiki/Morris_Hillquit" title="Morris Hillquit">Morris Hillquit</a>, promised to make him available at the Federal Building the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuart,_p._303_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuart,_p._303-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His papers were not returned to him until November. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radical_political_activist">Radical political activist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Reed_(journalist)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Radical political activist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voice_of_labor_1_Oct_1919.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Voice_of_labor_1_Oct_1919.jpg/220px-Voice_of_labor_1_Oct_1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Voice_of_labor_1_Oct_1919.jpg/330px-Voice_of_labor_1_Oct_1919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Voice_of_labor_1_Oct_1919.jpg 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Cover of Reed's <i>Voice of Labor</i>, October 1919</figcaption></figure> <p>Back in America, Reed and Bryant defended the Bolsheviks and opposed the American intervention. Incensed at Russia's departure from the war against Germany, the public gave Reed a generally cold reception. While he was in Russia, his articles in <i>The Masses</i>, particularly one headlined "Knit a straight-jacket for your soldier boy", had been instrumental in the government gaining an indictment for <a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">sedition</a> against the magazine (antiwar agitation was considered sedition and treason). </p><p>The first <i>Masses</i> trial ended in a hung jury the day before Reed reached New York. The defendants, including him, were to be retried. He immediately posted $2,000 bail on April 29.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second <i>Masses</i> trial also ended in a hung jury. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, Reed stood outside a closed hall on May 31, and harangued a crowd of 1,000 about the case and the war until police dragged him away. He was arrested for inciting a riot, and posted $5,000 bail. Reed became more aggressively political, intolerant, and self-destructive.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 14, he was arrested for the third time since returning from Russia, charged with violating the <a href="/wiki/Sedition_Act_of_1918" title="Sedition Act of 1918">Sedition Act</a> and freed on $5,000 bail. This was a day after possibly the largest demonstration for Bolshevik Russia was held in the United States (in <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>). Reed had passionately defended the revolution, which he seemed to think was coming to America as well.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He tried to prevent <a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied intervention</a> in Russia, arguing that the Russians were contributing to the war effort by checking German ambitions in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and Japanese designs on <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, but this argument came to naught.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 21–22, 1919, Bryant was fiercely grilled before a <a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_committee" title="United States congressional committee">Senate committee</a> exploring Bolshevik propaganda activities in the US, but emerged resilient. Reed followed her. According to Homberger, his testimony was "savagely distorted" by the press.<sup id="cite_ref-Homberger,_p._180_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Homberger,_p._180-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that day Reed went to Philadelphia to stand trial for his May speech; despite a hostile judge, press, and patriotic speech by the prosecutor, Reed's lawyer, David Wallerstein, convinced the jury the case was about free speech, and he was acquitted.<sup id="cite_ref-Homberger,_p._180_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Homberger,_p._180-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Returning to New York, Reed continued speaking widely and participating in the various twists of socialist politics that year. He served as editor of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Communist">The New York Communist</a></i>, the weekly newspaper issued by the <a href="/wiki/Left_Wing_Section_of_the_Socialist_Party" title="Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party">Left Wing Section</a> of Greater New York. </p><p>Affiliated with the Left Wing of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a>, Reed with the other radicals was <a href="/wiki/1919_Emergency_National_Convention" title="1919 Emergency National Convention">expelled from the National Socialist Convention</a> in Chicago on August 30, 1919. The radicals split into two bitterly hostile groups, forming the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Communist Labor Party of America">Communist Labor Party of America</a> (Reed's group, which he helped create) and, the next day, the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party of America</a>. Reed was the international delegate of the former, wrote its manifesto and platform, edited its paper, <i>The Voice of Labor</i>, and was denounced as "Jack the Liar" in the Communist Party organ, <i>The Communist</i>. Reed's writings of 1919 displayed doubts about Western-style democracy and defended the <a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_of_the_proletariat" title="Dictatorship of the proletariat">dictatorship of the proletariat</a>. He believed this was a necessary step that would prefigure the true democracy "based upon equality and the liberty of the individual."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comintern_functionary">Comintern functionary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Reed_(journalist)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Comintern functionary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indicted for <a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">sedition</a> and hoping to secure <a href="/wiki/Communist_International" title="Communist International">Communist International</a> (Comintern) backing for the CLP, Reed fled the US with a forged passport in early October 1919 on a Scandinavian <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a>; he worked his way to <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> as a stoker. Given shore leave, he disappeared to <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Kristiania</a>, crossed into <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> on October 22, passed through Finland with <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Lassy" title="Ivar Lassy">Ivar Lassy</a>'s help, and made his way to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> by train. In the cold winter of 1919–1920, he traveled in the region around Moscow, observing factories, communes, and villages. He filled notebooks with his writing and had an affair with a Russian woman.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reed's feelings about the revolution became ambivalent. Activist <a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Emma Goldman</a> had recently arrived aboard the <a href="/wiki/USAT_Buford" title="USAT Buford"><i>Buford</i></a>, among hundreds of aliens deported by the United States under the Sedition Act. She was especially concerned about the <a href="/wiki/Cheka" title="Cheka">Cheka</a>. Reed told her that the enemies of the revolution deserved their fate, but suggested that she see <a href="/wiki/Angelica_Balabanoff" title="Angelica Balabanoff">Angelica Balabanoff</a>, a critic of the current situation. He wanted Goldman to hear the other side.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reed-tendays-1922.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Reed-tendays-1922.jpg/220px-Reed-tendays-1922.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Reed-tendays-1922.jpg/330px-Reed-tendays-1922.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Reed-tendays-1922.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption>German edition of <i>10 Days That Shook The World</i>, published by the <a href="/wiki/Communist_International" title="Communist International">Comintern</a> in Hamburg in 1922</figcaption></figure> <p>Though facing the threat of arrest in Illinois, Reed tried to return to the United States in February 1920. At that time, the Soviets organized a convention to establish a United Communist Party of America.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reed attempted to leave Russia through <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, but his train never arrived, forcing him to hitch a ride in the <a href="/wiki/Boxcar" title="Boxcar">boxcar</a> of an eastbound military train to Petrograd.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March, he crossed into <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, where he had radical friends, including <a href="/wiki/Hella_Wuolijoki" title="Hella Wuolijoki">Hella Wuolijoki</a>, the future politician and <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland" title="Parliament of Finland">member of parliament</a>. With their help, he was hidden in the hold of a freighter. </p><p>On 13 March, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Customs" title="Finnish Customs">Finnish Customs</a> officials found Reed in a coal bunker on the ship. He was taken to the police station, where he maintained that he was seaman "<i>Jim Gormley</i>". Eventually, the jewels, photographs, letters, and fake documents he had in his possession forced him to reveal his true identity. Although beaten several times and threatened with torture, he refused to surrender the names of his local contacts. Because of his silence, he could not be tried for <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a>. He was charged and convicted of smuggling and having jewels in his possession (102 small diamonds worth $14,000, which were confiscated). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">US Secretary of State</a> was satisfied with Reed's arrest and pressured the Finnish authorities for his papers. American authorities, however, remained indifferent to Reed's fate.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Reed paid the fine for smuggling, he was still detained. His physical condition and state of mind deteriorated rapidly. He suffered from <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insomnia" title="Insomnia">insomnia</a>, wrote alarming letters to Bryant, and on May 18 threatened a <a href="/wiki/Hunger_strike" title="Hunger strike">hunger strike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was finally released in early June, and sailed for <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, on the 5th. Two days later, he traveled to Petrograd, recuperating from malnutrition and <a href="/wiki/Scurvy" title="Scurvy">scurvy</a> caused by having been fed dried fish almost exclusively. His spirits were high.<sup id="cite_ref-Homberger,_p._207_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Homberger,_p._207-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of June, Reed traveled to Moscow. After he discussed with Bryant the possibility of her joining him, she gained passage on a Swedish <a href="/wiki/Tramp_trade" title="Tramp trade">tramp steamer</a> and arrived in <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a> on August 10.<sup id="cite_ref-Homberger,_p._207_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Homberger,_p._207-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, Reed attended the <a href="/wiki/2nd_World_Congress_of_the_Communist_International" title="2nd World Congress of the Communist International">Second Comintern Congress</a>. Although his mood was as jovial and boisterous as ever, his physical appearance had deteriorated.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this congress, Reed bitterly objected to the deference other revolutionaries showed to the Russians. The latter believed the tide of revolutionary fervor was ebbing, and that the Communist Party needed to work within the existing institutions—a policy Reed felt would be disastrous.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was contemptuous of the <a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">bullying</a> tactics displayed during the congress by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Radek" title="Karl Radek">Karl Radek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Zinoviev" title="Grigory Zinoviev">Grigory Zinoviev</a>, who ordered Reed to attend the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Peoples_of_the_East" title="Congress of the Peoples of the East">Congress of the Peoples of the East</a> to be held at <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a> on August 15. </p><p>The journey to Baku was a long one, five days by train through a countryside that was devastated by civil war and <a href="/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus">typhus</a>. Reed was reluctant to go. He asked for permission to travel later, as he wanted to meet Bryant in Petrograd after she arrived from <a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a>. Zinoviev insisted that Reed take the official train: "the Comintern has made a decision. Obey."<sup id="cite_ref-homberger212-213_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-homberger212-213-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reed, needing Soviet goodwill and unprepared for a final break with the Comintern, made the trip with reluctance.<sup id="cite_ref-homberger212-213_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-homberger212-213-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Years after having abandoned communism himself, his friend <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gitlow" title="Benjamin Gitlow">Benjamin Gitlow</a> asserted that Reed became bitterly disillusioned with the communist movement because of his treatment by Zinoviev.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his time in Baku, Reed received a telegram announcing Bryant's arrival in Moscow. He followed her there, arriving on September 15, and was able to tell her of the events of the preceding eight months. He appeared older and his clothes were in tatters. While in Moscow, he took Bryant to meet Lenin, Trotsky, <a href="/wiki/Lev_Kamenev" title="Lev Kamenev">Lev Kamenev</a>, and other leading Bolsheviks, and also to visit Moscow's ballet and art galleries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Reed_(journalist)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JOhnReedFuneral1920Moscow-l.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/JOhnReedFuneral1920Moscow-l.jpg/310px-JOhnReedFuneral1920Moscow-l.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/JOhnReedFuneral1920Moscow-l.jpg/465px-JOhnReedFuneral1920Moscow-l.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/JOhnReedFuneral1920Moscow-l.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="339" /></a><figcaption>Reed's body <a href="/wiki/Lying_in_state" title="Lying in state">lying in state</a> in Moscow</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis_-_Mass_Grave_No._5_-_Armand_-_Reed_-_Rusakov_-_Pekalov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis_-_Mass_Grave_No._5_-_Armand_-_Reed_-_Rusakov_-_Pekalov.jpg/220px-Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis_-_Mass_Grave_No._5_-_Armand_-_Reed_-_Rusakov_-_Pekalov.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis_-_Mass_Grave_No._5_-_Armand_-_Reed_-_Rusakov_-_Pekalov.jpg/330px-Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis_-_Mass_Grave_No._5_-_Armand_-_Reed_-_Rusakov_-_Pekalov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis_-_Mass_Grave_No._5_-_Armand_-_Reed_-_Rusakov_-_Pekalov.jpg/440px-Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis_-_Mass_Grave_No._5_-_Armand_-_Reed_-_Rusakov_-_Pekalov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Red Square Mass Grave No. 5, inscriptions for <a href="/wiki/Inessa_Armand" title="Inessa Armand">Inessa Armand</a>, John Reed, Ivan Rusakov, and Semyon Pekalov</figcaption></figure> <p>Reed was determined to return to the United States but fell ill on September 25. At first thought to have <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a>, he was hospitalized five days later and diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Scrub_typhus" title="Scrub typhus">spotted typhus</a>. Bryant spent all her time with him, but there were no medicines to be obtained because of the Allied <a href="/wiki/Blockade" title="Blockade">blockade</a>. Reed's mind started to wander; eventually he lost the use of the right side of his body and could no longer speak. His wife was holding his hand when he died in Moscow on October 17, 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a hero's funeral, Reed's body was buried in Mass Grave No. 5 at the <a href="/wiki/Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis" title="Kremlin Wall Necropolis">Kremlin Wall Necropolis</a> next to <a href="/wiki/Inessa_Armand" title="Inessa Armand">Inessa Armand</a>. Only three Americans have received this honor; the others are <a href="/wiki/C._E._Ruthenberg" title="C. E. Ruthenberg">C. E. Ruthenberg</a>, the founder of the Communist Party USA; and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Haywood" title="Bill Haywood">Bill Haywood</a>, a founding member and leader of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Reed_(journalist)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Reed_memorial_plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/John_Reed_memorial_plaque.jpg/220px-John_Reed_memorial_plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/John_Reed_memorial_plaque.jpg/330px-John_Reed_memorial_plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/John_Reed_memorial_plaque.jpg/440px-John_Reed_memorial_plaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3036" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption>A plaque honoring John Silas Reed in Washington Park in Portland.</figcaption></figure> <p>Reed's interpretation in popular culture has varied. Some, such as biographer Robert A. Rosenstone, have called him a romantic, while Upton Sinclair derided him as a "playboy of the revolution".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the communist movement to which he belonged, Reed became a symbol of the international nature of the October Revolution, a martyr buried at the Kremlin wall amid solemn fanfare, his name to be uttered reverently as a member of the radical pantheon.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Representation_in_other_media">Representation in other media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Reed_(journalist)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Representation in other media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Soviet director <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Sergei Eisenstein</a>'s influential 1927 <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a> <i><a href="/wiki/October:_Ten_Days_That_Shook_the_World" title="October: Ten Days That Shook the World">October: Ten Days That Shook the World</a></i> was based on Reed's book.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dos_Passos" title="John Dos Passos">John Dos Passos</a> included a highly stylized, brief biography of Reed in his 1932 novel/history work <i>1919,</i> the second part of his <a href="/wiki/U.S.A._(trilogy)" title="U.S.A. (trilogy)">U.S.A. trilogy</a>.</li> <li>The 1958 Soviet film <a href="/wiki/October_Days_(film)" title="October Days (film)"><i>In October Days</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:В дни Октября">В дни Октября</a></span>), directed by <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Vasilyev_(director)" title="Sergei Vasilyev (director)">Sergei Vasilyev</a>, depicted Reed and Bryant.</li> <li>Actor and director <a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> made the film <i><a href="/wiki/Reds_(film)" title="Reds (film)">Reds</a></i> (1981), based on Reed's life. Beatty starred as Reed, <a href="/wiki/Diane_Keaton" title="Diane Keaton">Diane Keaton</a> as Louise Bryant and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> as Eugene O'Neill. The movie won three <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Awards</a> and was nominated for nine others.</li> <li>Two films are based on Reed's accounts of the Mexican Revolution, one with two parts released a year apart. Mexican director <a href="/wiki/Paul_Leduc_(film_director)" title="Paul Leduc (film director)">Paul Leduc</a> made <i><a href="/wiki/Reed:_Insurgent_Mexico" title="Reed: Insurgent Mexico">Reed: Insurgent Mexico</a></i> (1973).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Mexican–Soviet-Italian co-production released <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Bells" title="Red Bells">Red Bells</a></i> (1982) and <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Bells_II" title="Red Bells II">Red Bells II</a></i> (1983), both directed by <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bondarchuk" title="Sergei Bondarchuk">Sergei Bondarchuk</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Franco_Nero" title="Franco Nero">Franco Nero</a> as Reed.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Reed_(journalist)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Diana's Debut</i>. Lyrics by J. S. Reed, music by Walter S. Langsham. Privately printed, Cambridge 1910</li> <li><i>Sangar: The Mad Recreant Knight of the West</i>. Dedicated to Lincoln Steffens. Frederick C. Bursch, Hillacre Riverside, CT 1913</li> <li><i>The Day in Bohemia, of Life Among the Artists</i>. Privately printed Riverside, CT 1913</li> <li><i>Everymagazine, An Immortality Play</i>. Words by John Reed, music by Bill Daly. Privately printed, New York, 1913</li> <li><i>Insurgent Mexico</i>. <a href="/wiki/D._Appleton_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="D. Appleton & Co.">D. Appleton & Co.</a>, New York <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL2136257W/Insurgent_Mexico">1914</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_War_in_Eastern_Europe" title="The War in Eastern Europe">The War in Eastern Europe</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Charles Scribner's Sons</a>, New York 1916</li> <li><i>Freedom: A Prison Play</i>. 1916</li> <li><i>Tamburlaine and Other Verses</i>. Frederick C. Bursch, Hillacre Riverside, CT 1917</li> <li><i>The Sisson Documents</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Liberator_(magazine)" title="The Liberator (magazine)">Liberator Publishing Co.</a>, New York 1918</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Days_that_Shook_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Days that Shook the World">Ten Days that Shook the World</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Boni_%26_Liveright" title="Boni & Liveright">Boni & Liveright</a>, New York 1919</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contentdm.warwick.ac.uk/cdm/ref/collection/russian/id/2066"><i>Red Russia: The Triumph of the Bolsheviki</i>. Workers' Socialist Federation, London 1919.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151127044644/http://contentdm.warwick.ac.uk/cdm/ref/collection/russian/id/2066">Archived</a> November 27, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – <i>pamphlet collecting journalism from The Liberator</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contentdm.warwick.ac.uk/cdm/ref/collection/russian/id/2029"><i>Red Russia: Book II</i>. Workers' Socialist Federation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151127000943/http://contentdm.warwick.ac.uk/cdm/ref/collection/russian/id/2029">Archived</a> November 27, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><i>The Structure of the Soviet State</i>. Liberator Publishing Co., New York 1918</li> <li><i>Daughter of the Revolution and Other Stories</i>. Floyd Dell, editor. <a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Press" title="Vanguard Press">Vanguard Press</a>, New York 1927</li> <li><i>The Education of John Reed: Selected Writings</i>. John Stuart, editor. <a href="/wiki/International_Publishers" title="International Publishers">International Publishers</a>, New York 1955</li> <li><i>Adventures of a Young Man: Short Stories from Life</i>. Seven Seas, Berlin 1966. City Lights, San Francisco 1975</li> <li><i>Collected Poems</i>. Corliss Lamont, editor. <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Hill_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Hill & Co.">Lawrence Hill & Co.</a>, Westport, Conn. 1985</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHombergerBiggart1992" class="citation book cs1">Homberger, Eric; Biggart, John, eds. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/john-reed-and-the-russian-revolution"><i>John Reed and the Russian Revolution</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-349-21836-3">10.1007/978-1-349-21836-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-21838-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-21838-7"><bdi>978-1-349-21838-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Reed+and+the+Russian+Revolution&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-349-21836-3&rft.isbn=978-1-349-21838-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fjohn-reed-and-the-russian-revolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Reed+%28journalist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Shaking the World: John Reed's Revolutionary Journalism</i>. John Newsinger, editor. Bookmarks, London 1998</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Reed_(journalist)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sen_Katayama" title="Sen Katayama">Sen Katayama</a>, the Japanese American buried in the Kremlin Wall</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Bethune" title="Norman Bethune">Norman Bethune</a>, a Canadian physician who supported the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Route_Army" title="Eighth Route Army">Eighth Route Army</a> during the Second Sino-Japanese War</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Reed_(journalist)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Granville Hicks with John Stuart, <i>John Reed: The Making of a Revolutionary</i>. New York: Macmillan, 1936. p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prince-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-prince_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrince2011" class="citation book cs1">Prince, Tracy J. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YABWNNHirLIC&pg=PP1"><i>Portland's Goose Hollow</i></a>. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. p. 122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-7472-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-7472-1"><bdi>978-0-7385-7472-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portland%27s+Goose+Hollow&rft.place=Charleston%2C+South+Carolina&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7385-7472-1&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=Tracy+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYABWNNHirLIC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Reed+%28journalist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cartoon-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cartoon_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cartoon_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amiaconference.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/John-Reeds-Portland-Map.pdf">"Jon Reed's Portland – Map"</a>, Oregon Cartoon Institute</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks with Stuart, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric Homberger, <i>John Reed.</i> Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990. pp. 7–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks with Stuart, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Munk, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/reed/bio/portland.htm">John Reed</a>, marxists.org. Accessed November 4, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hornberger, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed,</i> p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZinn1997" class="citation book cs1">Zinn, Howard (1997). <i>The Zinn Reader</i>. <a href="/wiki/Seven_Stories_Press" title="Seven Stories Press">Seven Stories Press</a>. p. 587. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-583229-46-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-583229-46-0"><bdi>978-1-583229-46-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Zinn+Reader&rft.pages=587&rft.pub=Seven+Stories+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-583229-46-0&rft.aulast=Zinn&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Reed+%28journalist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks with Stuart, <i>John Reed</i>, page 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in Hicks with Stuart, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks with Stuart, <i>John Reed,</i> p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/archive/6892372/books-promethean-playboy/">"Books: Promethean Playboy"</a>. <i>TIME</i>. April 20, 1936.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=Books%3A+Promethean+Playboy&rft.date=1936-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2Farchive%2F6892372%2Fbooks-promethean-playboy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Reed+%28journalist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks with Stuart, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks with Stuart, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iww.org/history/library/iww/responsetoRILU/4">"(4) I.W.W. Not a Syndicalist Organization | Industrial Workers of the World"</a>. <i>www.iww.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iww.org&rft.atitle=%284%29+I.W.W.+Not+a+Syndicalist+Organization+%7C+Industrial+Workers+of+the+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iww.org%2Fhistory%2Flibrary%2Fiww%2FresponsetoRILU%2F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Reed+%28journalist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Homberger,_John_Reed,_p._49-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Homberger,_John_Reed,_p._49_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Homberger,_John_Reed,_p._49_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed</i>, pp. 75–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed,</i> p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Reed, "The Trader's War," <i>The Masses</i>, v. 5, no. 12, whole no. 40 (Sept. 1914), pp. 16–17. The article was attributed to "a well-known American author and war correspondent who is compelled by arrangements with another publication to withhold his name."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed</i>, pp. 112–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed</i>, pp. 128–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Testimony of John Reed, <i>Brewing and Liquor Interests and German and Bolshevik Propaganda: Report and Hearings of the Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate...</i>, vol 3. p. 563. Hereafter: <i>Overman Committee Report, v. 3.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Testimony of John Reed, <i>Overman Committee Report</i>, v. 3, p. 575.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Testimony of John Reed, <i>Overman Committee Report</i>, v. 3, p. 569.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Testimony of John Reed, <i>Overman Committee Report</i>, v. 3, p. 570.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Testimony of John Reed, <i>Overman Committee Report</i>, v. 3, p. 565.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, <i>John Reed</i>, pp. 159–60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Homberger,_p._161-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Homberger,_p._161_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Homberger,_p._161_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, p. 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, pp. 161–63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stuart,_p._303-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stuart,_p._303_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stuart,_p._303_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks with Stuart, <i>John Reed</i>, p. 303.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, p. 167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, p. 172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, p. 174</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, p. 171</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Homberger,_p._180-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Homberger,_p._180_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Homberger,_p._180_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, p. 180</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, pp. 191–93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, p. 210</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngmanEriksson1979" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Engman, Max; Eriksson, Jerker A. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/teos/binding/2093987?page=1"><i>Mannen i kolboxen: John Reed och Finland</i></a> (in Swedish). Helsingfors: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. pp. <span class="nowrap">95–</span>96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-90174-7-X" title="Special:BookSources/951-90174-7-X"><bdi>951-90174-7-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mannen+i+kolboxen%3A+John+Reed+och+Finland&rft.place=Helsingfors&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E96&rft.pub=Svenska+litteraturs%C3%A4llskapet+i+Finland&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=951-90174-7-X&rft.aulast=Engman&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.au=Eriksson%2C+Jerker+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigi.kansalliskirjasto.fi%2Fteos%2Fbinding%2F2093987%3Fpage%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Reed+%28journalist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, pp. 202–03</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, pp. 203–04</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, p. 204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, pp. 205–06</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, p. 206</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Homberger,_p._207-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Homberger,_p._207_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Homberger,_p._207_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, p. 207</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, pp. 207–08</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, p. 208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-homberger212-213-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-homberger212-213_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-homberger212-213_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, pp. 212–13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, p. 214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homberger, p. 215</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenbaum1997" class="citation book cs1">Rosenbaum, Jonathan (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ac7H-rG6DRcC&q=john+reed+dilettante&pg=PA114"><i>Movies as Politics</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520918108" title="Special:BookSources/9780520918108"><bdi>9780520918108</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Movies+as+Politics&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780520918108&rft.aulast=Rosenbaum&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAc7H-rG6DRcC%26q%3Djohn%2Breed%2Bdilettante%26pg%3DPA114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Reed+%28journalist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">By the 1930s, the height of the communist movement in the United States, literary <a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="John Reed Club">John Reed Clubs</a>, affiliated with the Communist Party, existed in his honor in many large cities of the United States.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHessHess1974" class="citation web cs1">Hess, Judith; Hess, John (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC01folder/InsurgentMexico.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Reed: Insurgent Mexico" by Judith Hess and John Hess"</a>. <i>www.ejumpcut.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ejumpcut.org&rft.atitle=%22Reed%3A+Insurgent+Mexico%22+by+Judith+Hess+and+John+Hess&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft.au=Hess%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ejumpcut.org%2Farchive%2Fonlinessays%2FJC01folder%2FInsurgentMexico.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Reed+%28journalist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunk2008" class="citation journal cs1">Munk, Michael (2008). "Oregon Voices: The Romance of John Reed and Louise Bryant: New Documents Clarify How They Met". <i>Oregon Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>109</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">461–</span>477. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fohq.2008.0053">10.1353/ohq.2008.0053</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20615880">20615880</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Oregon+Voices%3A+The+Romance+of+John+Reed+and+Louise+Bryant%3A+New+Documents+Clarify+How+They+Met&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E461-%3C%2Fspan%3E477&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fohq.2008.0053&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20615880%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Munk&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Reed+%28journalist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Reed_(journalist)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMax_EngmanJerker_A._Eriksson1979" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Max_Engman" title="Max Engman">Max Engman</a>; Jerker A. Eriksson (1979), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/urn:NBN:fi-fd2019-00022082"><i>Mannen i kolboxen : John Reed och Finland / Max Engman, Jerker A. Eriksson.</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Skrifter_utgivna_av_Svenska_litteraturs%C3%A4llskapet_i_Finland" title="Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland">Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland</a> (in Swedish), Helsinki: <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Swedish_Literature_in_Finland" title="Society of Swedish Literature in Finland">Society of Swedish Literature in Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0039-6842">0039-6842</a>, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113528533" class="extiw" title="d:Q113528533">Q113528533</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mannen+i+kolboxen+%3A+John+Reed+och+Finland+%2F+Max+Engman%2C+Jerker+A.+Eriksson.&rft.place=Helsinki&rft.series=Skrifter+utgivna+av+Svenska+litteraturs%C3%A4llskapet+i+Finland&rft.pub=Society+of+Swedish+Literature+in+Finland&rft.date=1979&rft.issn=0039-6842&rft.au=Max+Engman&rft.au=Jerker+A.+Eriksson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.fi%2Furn%3ANBN%3Afi-fd2019-00022082&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Reed+%28journalist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Granville Hicks with John Stuart, <a href="//archive.org/details/johnreedthemakin001569mbp" class="extiw" title="iarchive:johnreedthemakin001569mbp"><i>John Reed: The Making of a Revolutionary</i></a>. New York: Macmillan, 1936.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHomberger1990" class="citation book cs1">Homberger, Eric (1990). <i>John Reed</i>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-2194-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-2194-7"><bdi>978-0-7190-2194-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Reed&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-2194-7&rft.aulast=Homberger&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Reed+%28journalist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenstone1990" class="citation book cs1">Rosenstone, Robert A. (1990). <i>Romantic Revolutionary: A Biography of John Reed</i>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-77938-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-77938-9"><bdi>978-0-674-77938-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Romantic+Revolutionary%3A+A+Biography+of+John+Reed&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-674-77938-9&rft.aulast=Rosenstone&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Reed+%28journalist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Lincoln Steffens, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/johnreedunderkre00stefrich"><i>John Reed: Under the Kremlin</i></a>. Foreword by Clarence Darrow. Chicago: Walden Book Shop, 1922.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReed1998" class="citation book cs1">Reed, John (1998). Newsinger, John (ed.). <i>Shaking the World: John Reed's Revolutionary Journalism</i>. Bookmarks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-898876-41-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-898876-41-0"><bdi>978-1-898876-41-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shaking+the+World%3A+John+Reed%27s+Revolutionary+Journalism&rft.pub=Bookmarks&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-898876-41-0&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Reed+%28journalist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Reed_(journalist)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/1109">Works by John Reed</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Reed%2C%20John%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22John%20Reed%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Reed%2C%20John%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22John%20Reed%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Reed%2C%20J%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22John%20Reed%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Reed%2C%20John%22%20OR%20description%3A%22John%20Reed%22%29%20OR%20%28%221887-1920%22%20AND%20Reed%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about John Reed</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/2840">Works by John Reed</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/reed/">The John Reed Internet Archive</a> on <a href="/wiki/Marxists.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxists.org">Marxists.org</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/bryant/works/1920/john-reed.htm"><i>The Last Days With John Reed</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Louise_Bryant" title="Louise Bryant">Louise Bryant</a></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunk,_Michael" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Munk, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/reed_john_jack_1887_1920_/">"John "Jack" Reed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oregon_Encyclopedia" title="The Oregon Encyclopedia">The Oregon Encyclopedia</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=John+%22Jack%22+Reed&rft.btitle=The+Oregon+Encyclopedia&rft.au=Munk%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foregonencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2Freed_john_jack_1887_1920_%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Reed+%28journalist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0082979/"><i>Reds</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069168/"><i>Reed, México insurgente</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/groups/872905@N24/pool/10771167@N00/">1917 passport photo</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1917%E2%80%931927)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Soviet Union (1917–1927)">Revolutionary era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Adams_(spy)" title="Arthur Adams (spy)">Arthur Adams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Haywood" title="Bill Haywood">William D. Haywood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John S. Reed</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1927%E2%80%931953)" title="History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)">Stalin era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gelver" title="Alexander Gelver">Alexander Gelver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sarant" title="Alfred Sarant">Alfred E. Sarant</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Flora_Wovschin" title="Flora Wovschin">Flora D. Wovschin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Koval" title="George Koval">George A. 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Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lee_Howard" title="Edward Lee Howard">Edward Lee Howard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_M._Koch" title="Harold M. Koch">Harold M. Koch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Edward_Webster" title="Robert Edward Webster">Robert E. Webster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Dubinsky" title="Shirley Dubinsky">Shirley Dubinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_and_Mitchell_defection" title="Martin and Mitchell defection">William H. 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href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=70994">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201840076">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/mkz13td526m5dfc">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810673345305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007266951705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058551645306706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13946759">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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