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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_nerves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_nerves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Regional nerves</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regional_nerves-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Regional nerves subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regional_nerves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cervical_nerves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cervical_nerves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cervical nerves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cervical_nerves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thoracic_nerves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thoracic_nerves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Thoracic nerves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thoracic_nerves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anterior_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anterior_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Anterior divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anterior_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Posterior_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posterior_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Posterior divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posterior_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lumbar_nerves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lumbar_nerves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Lumbar nerves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lumbar_nerves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Posterior_divisions_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posterior_divisions_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Posterior divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posterior_divisions_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anterior_divisions_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anterior_divisions_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Anterior divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anterior_divisions_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sacral_nerves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sacral_nerves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Sacral nerves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sacral_nerves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coccygeal_nerves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coccygeal_nerves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Coccygeal nerves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coccygeal_nerves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spinal_plexuses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spinal_plexuses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Spinal plexuses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spinal_plexuses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_Images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_Images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Additional Images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_Images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Spinal nerve</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A" title="عصب شوكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عصب شوكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81" title="সুষুম্না স্নায়ু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সুষুম্না স্নায়ু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Гръбначномозъчни нерви – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гръбначномозъчни нерви" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C4%8Dmeni_nerv" title="Kičmeni nerv – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kičmeni nerv" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervi_espinal" title="Nervi espinal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nervi espinal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AD%C5%A1n%C3%AD_nervy" title="Míšní nervy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Míšní nervy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalnerve" title="Spinalnerve – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Spinalnerve" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalnerv" title="Spinalnerv – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spinalnerv" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljaajun%C3%A4rvid" title="Seljaajunärvid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Seljaajunärvid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervio_espinal" title="Nervio espinal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nervio espinal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spina_nervo" title="Spina nervo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Spina nervo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkarrezurreko_nerbio" title="Bizkarrezurreko nerbio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bizkarrezurreko nerbio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8_%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="عصب نخاعی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عصب نخاعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerf_spinal" title="Nerf spinal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nerf spinal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%99%EC%88%98%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD" title="척수신경 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="척수신경" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%B2%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ողնուղեղային նյարդեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ողնուղեղային նյարդեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C5%BEdinski_%C5%BEivci" title="Moždinski živci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Moždinski živci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraf_tulang_belakang" title="Saraf tulang belakang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Saraf tulang belakang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervo_spinale" title="Nervo spinale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nervo spinale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94" title="עצבי השדרה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עצבי השדרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D2%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Жұлын жүйкелері – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жұлын жүйкелері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervus_spinalis" title="Nervus spinalis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nervus spinalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerincvel%C5%91i_idegek_%C3%A9s_idegfonatok" title="Gerincvelői idegek és idegfonatok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gerincvelői idegek és idegfonatok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraf_spina" title="Saraf spina – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Saraf spina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinale_zenuw" title="Spinale zenuw – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spinale zenuw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E9%AB%84%E7%A5%9E%E7%B5%8C" title="脊髄神経 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="脊髄神経" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalnerve" title="Spinalnerve – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spinalnerve" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerw_rdzeniowy" title="Nerw rdzeniowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nerw rdzeniowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervo_espinhal" title="Nervo espinhal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nervo espinhal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerv_spinal" title="Nerv spinal – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nerv spinal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Спинномозговые нервы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спинномозговые нервы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miechov%C3%BD_nerv" title="Miechový nerv – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Miechový nerv" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalni_%C5%BEivec" title="Spinalni živec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Spinalni živec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Кичмени живци – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кичмени живци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selk%C3%A4ydinhermo" title="Selkäydinhermo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Selkäydinhermo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryggm%C3%A4rgsnerv" title="Ryggmärgsnerv – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryggmärgsnerv" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="தண்டுவட நரம்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தண்டுவட நரம்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="కశేరు నాడులు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కశేరు నాడులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_sinir" title="Spinal sinir – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Spinal sinir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Спинномозкові нерви – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спинномозкові нерви" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A7n_kinh_gai" title="Thần kinh gai – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thần kinh gai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E9%AB%93%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93" title="脊髓神經 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="脊髓神經" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F" title="脊神经 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerves&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinal nerves">Spinal nerves</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Nerve that carries signals between the spinal cord and the body</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lemonchiffon">Spinal nerve</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Spinal_nerve.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg/250px-Spinal_nerve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg/375px-Spinal_nerve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg/500px-Spinal_nerve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="700" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The formation of the spinal nerve from the posterior and anterior roots</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>nervus spinalis</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013127">D013127</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/14.2.00.027%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A14.2.00.027</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=6143">6143</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma5858">5858</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_neuroanatomy" title="Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy">Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937076" class="extiw" title="d:Q937076">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>spinal nerve</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_nerve" title="Mixed nerve">mixed nerve</a>, which carries <a href="/wiki/Motor_neuron" title="Motor neuron">motor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sensory_neuron" title="Sensory neuron">sensory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system" title="Autonomic nervous system">autonomic</a> signals between the <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord" title="Spinal cord">spinal cord</a> and the body. In the <a href="/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">human body</a> there are 31 pairs of spinal <a href="/wiki/Nerve" title="Nerve">nerves</a>, one on each side of the <a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebral column">vertebral column</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaiser_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaiser-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AANS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AANS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are grouped into the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae" title="Cervical vertebrae">cervical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_vertebrae" title="Thoracic vertebrae">thoracic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_vertebrae" title="Lumbar vertebrae">lumbar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacral_vertebrae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacral vertebrae">sacral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coccygeal_vertebrae" class="mw-redirect" title="Coccygeal vertebrae">coccygeal</a> regions of the spine.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaiser_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaiser-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are eight pairs of <b>cervical nerves</b>, twelve pairs of <b>thoracic nerves</b>, five pairs of <b>lumbar nerves</b>, five pairs of <b>sacral nerves</b>, and one pair of <b>coccygeal nerves</b>. The spinal nerves are part of the <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system" title="Peripheral nervous system">peripheral nervous system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaiser_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaiser-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray675.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray675.png/240px-Gray675.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray675.png/360px-Gray675.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray675.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Spinal nerve</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cervical_vertebra_english.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cervical_vertebra_english.png/240px-Cervical_vertebra_english.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cervical_vertebra_english.png/360px-Cervical_vertebra_english.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cervical_vertebra_english.png/480px-Cervical_vertebra_english.png 2x" data-file-width="1883" data-file-height="1317" /></a><figcaption>Typical spinal nerve location</figcaption></figure> <p>Each spinal nerve is a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_nerve" title="Mixed nerve">mixed nerve</a>, formed from the combination of <a href="/wiki/Nerve_root" title="Nerve root">nerve root</a> <a href="/wiki/Axon" title="Axon">fibers</a> from its <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_root_of_spinal_nerve" title="Dorsal root of spinal nerve">dorsal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ventral_root_of_spinal_nerve" title="Ventral root of spinal nerve">ventral roots</a>. The dorsal root is the <a href="/wiki/Afferent_nerve_fiber" title="Afferent nerve fiber">afferent</a> sensory root and carries sensory information to the brain. The ventral root is the <a href="/wiki/Efferent_nerve_fiber" title="Efferent nerve fiber">efferent</a> motor root and carries motor information from the brain. The spinal nerve emerges from the spinal column through an opening (<a href="/wiki/Intervertebral_foramen" title="Intervertebral foramen">intervertebral foramen</a>) between adjacent vertebrae. This is true for all spinal nerves except for the first spinal nerve pair (C1), which emerges between the <a href="/wiki/Occipital_bone" title="Occipital bone">occipital bone</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Atlas_(anatomy)" title="Atlas (anatomy)">atlas</a> (the first vertebra).<sup id="cite_ref-Saladin1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saladin1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus the cervical nerves are numbered by the vertebra below, except spinal nerve C8, which exists below vertebra C7 and above vertebra T1. The thoracic, lumbar, and sacral nerves are then numbered by the vertebra above. In the case of a <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_vertebrae#Variation" title="Lumbar vertebrae">lumbarized</a> S1 vertebra (also known as L6) or a <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_vertebrae#Variation" title="Lumbar vertebrae">sacralized</a> L5 vertebra, the nerves are typically still counted to L5 and the next nerve is S1. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray799.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gray799.svg/300px-Gray799.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gray799.svg/450px-Gray799.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gray799.svg/600px-Gray799.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="909" /></a><figcaption>Scheme showing structure of a typical spinal nerve<br />1. <a href="/wiki/General_somatic_efferent_fibers" class="mw-redirect" title="General somatic efferent fibers">Somatic efferent</a>.<br />2. <a href="/wiki/General_somatic_afferent_fibers" class="mw-redirect" title="General somatic afferent fibers">Somatic afferent</a>.<br />3,4,5. <a href="/wiki/General_visceral_efferent_fibers" class="mw-redirect" title="General visceral efferent fibers">Sympathetic efferent</a>.<br />6,7. <a href="/wiki/General_visceral_afferent_fibers" class="mw-redirect" title="General visceral afferent fibers">Autonomic afferent</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Outside the vertebral column, the nerve divides into branches. The <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_ramus_of_spinal_nerve" title="Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve">dorsal ramus</a> contains nerves that serve the posterior portions of the trunk carrying visceral motor, somatic motor, and somatic sensory information to and from the skin and muscles of the back (<a href="/wiki/Epaxial_muscles" class="mw-redirect" title="Epaxial muscles">epaxial muscles</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Ventral_ramus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventral ramus">ventral ramus</a> contains nerves that serve the remaining anterior parts of the trunk and the upper and lower limbs (<a href="/wiki/Hypaxial_muscles" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypaxial muscles">hypaxial muscles</a>) carrying visceral motor, somatic motor, and sensory information to and from the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs. The <a href="/wiki/Meningeal_branches_of_spinal_nerve" title="Meningeal branches of spinal nerve">meningeal branches (recurrent meningeal or sinuvertebral nerves)</a> branch from the spinal nerve and re-enter the intervertebral foramen to serve the ligaments, dura, blood vessels, intervertebral discs, facet joints, and periosteum of the vertebrae. The <a href="/wiki/Rami_communicantes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rami communicantes">rami communicantes</a> contain autonomic nerves that serve visceral functions carrying visceral motor and sensory information to and from the visceral organs. </p><p>Some anterior rami merge with adjacent anterior rami to form a <a href="/wiki/Nerve_plexus" title="Nerve plexus">nerve plexus</a>, a network of interconnecting nerves. Nerves emerging from a plexus contain fibers from various spinal nerves, which are now carried together to some target location. The <a href="/wiki/Spinal_plexus" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinal plexus">spinal plexuses</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Cervical_plexus" title="Cervical plexus">cervical plexus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brachial_plexus" title="Brachial plexus">brachial plexus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_plexus" title="Lumbar plexus">lumbar plexus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sacral_plexus" title="Sacral plexus">sacral plexus</a> and the much smaller <a href="/wiki/Coccygeal_plexus" title="Coccygeal plexus">coccygeal plexus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saladin1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saladin1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_nerves">Regional nerves</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Regional nerves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord#Spinal_cord_segments" title="Spinal cord">Spinal cord § Spinal cord segments</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cervical_nerves">Cervical nerves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cervical nerves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray795.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray795.png/220px-Gray795.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray795.png/330px-Gray795.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray795.png/440px-Gray795.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Cervical nerves</figcaption></figure> <p>The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae in the <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord#Spinal_cord_segments" title="Spinal cord">cervical segment</a> of the spinal cord. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1–C7), there are eight cervical nerves <a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_1" title="Cervical spinal nerve 1">C1</a>–<a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_8" title="Cervical spinal nerve 8">C8</a>. C1–C7 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while C8 emerges below the C7 vertebra. Everywhere else in the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. </p><p>The posterior distribution includes the <a href="/wiki/Suboccipital_nerve" title="Suboccipital nerve">suboccipital nerve</a> (C1), the <a href="/wiki/Greater_occipital_nerve" title="Greater occipital nerve">greater occipital nerve</a> (C2) and the <a href="/wiki/Third_occipital_nerve" title="Third occipital nerve">third occipital nerve</a> (C3). The anterior distribution includes the <a href="/wiki/Cervical_plexus" title="Cervical plexus">cervical plexus</a> (C1–C4) and <a href="/wiki/Brachial_plexus" title="Brachial plexus">brachial plexus</a> (C5–T1). </p><p>The cervical nerves innervate the <a href="/wiki/Sternohyoid_muscle" title="Sternohyoid muscle">sternohyoid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sternothyroid_muscle" title="Sternothyroid muscle">sternothyroid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Omohyoid_muscle" title="Omohyoid muscle">omohyoid muscles</a>. </p><p>A loop of nerves called <a href="/wiki/Ansa_cervicalis" title="Ansa cervicalis">ansa cervicalis</a> is part of the cervical plexus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thoracic_nerves">Thoracic nerves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Thoracic nerves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The thoracic nerves are the twelve spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic vertebrae. Each thoracic nerve T1–T12 originates from below each corresponding <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_vertebra" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoracic vertebra">thoracic vertebra</a>. Branches also exit the spine and go directly to the <a href="/wiki/Paravertebral_ganglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paravertebral ganglia">paravertebral ganglia</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system" title="Autonomic nervous system">autonomic nervous system</a> where they are involved in the functions of organs and glands in the head, neck, thorax and abdomen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anterior_divisions">Anterior divisions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Anterior divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Intercostal_nerves" title="Intercostal nerves">intercostal nerves</a> come from thoracic nerves T1–T11, and run between the ribs. At T2 and T3, further branches form the <a href="/wiki/Intercostobrachial_nerve" title="Intercostobrachial nerve">intercostobrachial nerve</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Subcostal_nerve" title="Subcostal nerve">subcostal nerve</a> comes from nerve T12, and runs below the twelfth rib. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Posterior_divisions">Posterior divisions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Posterior divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The medial branches (ramus medialis) of the posterior branches of the upper six thoracic nerves run between the <a href="/wiki/Semispinalis_dorsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Semispinalis dorsi">semispinalis dorsi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multifidus" class="mw-redirect" title="Multifidus">multifidus</a>, which they supply; they then pierce the <a href="/wiki/Rhomboid_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhomboid muscle">rhomboid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trapezius_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Trapezius muscle">trapezius muscles</a>, and reach the skin by the sides of the spinous processes. This sensitive branch is called the medial cutaneous ramus. </p><p>The medial branches of the lower six are distributed chiefly to the multifidus and <a href="/wiki/Longissimus_dorsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Longissimus dorsi">longissimus dorsi</a>, occasionally they give off filaments to the skin near the middle line. This sensitive branch is called the posterior cutaneous ramus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lumbar_nerves">Lumbar nerves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lumbar nerves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray823.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Gray823.png/220px-Gray823.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Gray823.png/330px-Gray823.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Gray823.png/440px-Gray823.png 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Lumbar plexus and branches</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_nerves" title="Lumbar nerves">lumbar nerves</a> are the five spinal nerves emerging from the lumbar vertebrae. They are divided into posterior and anterior divisions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Posterior_divisions_2">Posterior divisions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Posterior divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The medial branches of the posterior divisions of the lumbar nerves run close to the articular processes of the vertebrae and end in the <a href="/wiki/Multifidus_muscle" title="Multifidus muscle">multifidus muscle</a>. </p><p>The laterals supply the <a href="/wiki/Erector_spinae_muscles" title="Erector spinae muscles">erector spinae muscles</a>. </p><p>The upper three give off cutaneous nerves which pierce the aponeurosis of the <a href="/wiki/Latissimus_dorsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Latissimus dorsi">latissimus dorsi</a> at the lateral border of the erector spinae muscles, and descend across the posterior part of the <a href="/wiki/Iliac_crest" title="Iliac crest">iliac crest</a> to the skin of the <a href="/wiki/Buttock" class="mw-redirect" title="Buttock">buttock</a>, some of their twigs running as far as the level of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_trochanter" title="Greater trochanter">greater trochanter</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anterior_divisions_2">Anterior divisions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Anterior divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The anterior divisions of the lumbar nerves (rami anteriores) increase in size from above downward. They are joined, near their origins, by <a href="/wiki/Gray_rami_communicantes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray rami communicantes">gray rami communicantes</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_ganglia" title="Lumbar ganglia">lumbar ganglia</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_trunk" title="Sympathetic trunk">sympathetic trunk</a>. These rami consist of long, slender branches which accompany the <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_arteries" title="Lumbar arteries">lumbar arteries</a> around the sides of the vertebral bodies, beneath the <a href="/wiki/Psoas_major" class="mw-redirect" title="Psoas major">psoas major</a>. Their arrangement is somewhat irregular: one ganglion may give rami to two lumbar nerves, or one lumbar nerve may receive rami from two <a href="/wiki/Ganglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganglia">ganglia</a>. </p><p>The first and second, and sometimes the third and fourth lumbar nerves are each connected with the lumbar part of the sympathetic trunk by a <a href="/wiki/White_ramus_communicans" title="White ramus communicans">white ramus communicans</a>. </p><p>The nerves pass obliquely outward behind the psoas major, or between its <a href="/wiki/Muscle_fascicle" title="Muscle fascicle">fasciculi</a>, distributing filaments to it and the <a href="/wiki/Quadratus_lumborum" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadratus lumborum">quadratus lumborum</a>. </p><p>The first three and the greater part of the fourth are connected together in this situation by anastomotic loops, and form the <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_plexus" title="Lumbar plexus">lumbar plexus</a>. </p><p>The smaller part of the fourth joins with the fifth to form the <a href="/wiki/Lumbosacral_trunk" title="Lumbosacral trunk">lumbosacral trunk</a>, which assists in the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Sacral_plexus" title="Sacral plexus">sacral plexus</a>. The fourth nerve is named the <a href="/wiki/Furcal_nerve" title="Furcal nerve">furcal nerve</a>, from the fact that it is subdivided between the two plexuses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sacral_nerves">Sacral nerves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sacral nerves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray828.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gray828.png/220px-Gray828.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gray828.png/330px-Gray828.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gray828.png/440px-Gray828.png 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Plan of sacral and pudendal plexuses</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>sacral nerves</b> are the five pairs of spinal nerves which exit the <a href="/wiki/Sacrum" title="Sacrum">sacrum</a> at the lower end of the <a href="/wiki/Human_vertebral_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Human vertebral column">vertebral column</a>. The roots of these nerves begin inside the vertebral column at the level of the <a href="/wiki/L1_vertebra" class="mw-redirect" title="L1 vertebra">L1 vertebra</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Cauda_equina" title="Cauda equina">cauda equina</a> begins, and then descend into the sacrum.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are five paired sacral nerves, half of them arising through the sacrum on the left side and the other half on the right side. Each nerve emerges in two divisions: one division through the <a href="/wiki/Anterior_sacral_foramina" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior sacral foramina">anterior sacral foramina</a> and the other division through the <a href="/wiki/Posterior_sacral_foramina" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior sacral foramina">posterior sacral foramina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The nerves divide into branches and the branches from different nerves join with one another, some of them also joining with lumbar or coccygeal nerve branches. These anastomoses of nerves form the <a href="/wiki/Sacral_plexus" title="Sacral plexus">sacral plexus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lumbosacral_plexus" title="Lumbosacral plexus">lumbosacral plexus</a>. The branches of these plexus give rise to nerves that supply much of the <a href="/wiki/Hip" title="Hip">hip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thigh" title="Thigh">thigh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leg" title="Leg">leg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foot" title="Foot">foot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sacral nerves have both <a href="/wiki/Afferent_nerve_fiber" title="Afferent nerve fiber">afferent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Efferent_fibers" class="mw-redirect" title="Efferent fibers">efferent fibers</a>, thus they are responsible for part of the <a href="/wiki/Sensory_perception" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensory perception">sensory perception</a> and the movements of the lower extremities of the human body. From the S2, S3 and S4 arise the pudendal nerve and parasympathetic fibers whose electrical potential supply the <a href="/wiki/Descending_colon" title="Descending colon">descending colon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum">rectum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urinary_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary bladder">urinary bladder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genital_organs" class="mw-redirect" title="Genital organs">genital organs</a>. These pathways have both afferent and efferent fibers and, this way, they are responsible for conduction of sensory information from these pelvic organs to the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> (CNS) and motor impulses from the CNS to the pelvis that control the movements of these pelvic organs.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coccygeal_nerves">Coccygeal nerves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Coccygeal nerves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bilateral coccygeal nerves, Co, are the 31st pair of spinal nerves. It arises from the conus medullaris, and its ventral ramus helps form the <a href="/wiki/Coccygeal_plexus" title="Coccygeal plexus">coccygeal plexus</a>. It does not divide into a medial and lateral branch. Its fibers are distributed to the skin superficial and posterior to the <a href="/wiki/Coccyx" title="Coccyx">coccyx</a> bone via the <a href="/wiki/Anococcygeal_nerve" title="Anococcygeal nerve">anococcygeal nerve</a> of the coccygeal nerve plexus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray802.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gray802.png/220px-Gray802.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="359" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gray802.png/330px-Gray802.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Gray802.png 2x" data-file-width="368" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption> Areas of distribution of the cutaneous branches of the posterior divisions of the spinal nerves. The areas of the medial branches are in black, those of the lateral in red</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:left; width:300px;"> <table class="wikitable floatleft"> <caption><b>Actions of the spinal nerves</b> <div style="float:right;">(<small class="editlink noprint plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Actions_by_spinal_nerves&action=edit">edit</a></small>)</div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left;" width="75px">Level </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Motor function </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_1" title="Cervical spinal nerve 1">C1</a>–<a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_6" title="Cervical spinal nerve 6">C6</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">Neck</a> <a href="/wiki/Flexor" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexor">flexors</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_1" title="Cervical spinal nerve 1">C1</a>–<a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_1" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 1">T1</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">Neck</a> <a href="/wiki/Extensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensor">extensors</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_3" title="Cervical spinal nerve 3">C3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_4" title="Cervical spinal nerve 4">C4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_5" title="Cervical spinal nerve 5">C5</a> </th> <td>Supply <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_diaphragm" title="Thoracic diaphragm">diaphragm</a> (mostly <a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_4" title="Cervical spinal nerve 4">C4</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_5" title="Cervical spinal nerve 5">C5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_6" title="Cervical spinal nerve 6">C6</a> </th> <td>Move <a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">shoulder</a>, raise <a href="/wiki/Arm" title="Arm">arm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deltoid_muscle" title="Deltoid muscle">deltoid</a>); flex elbow (<a href="/wiki/Biceps" title="Biceps">biceps</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_6" title="Cervical spinal nerve 6">C6</a> </th> <td>externally rotate (<a href="/wiki/Supinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Supinate">supinate</a>) the arm </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_6" title="Cervical spinal nerve 6">C6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_7" title="Cervical spinal nerve 7">C7</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Extension_(kinesiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Extension (kinesiology)">Extend</a> <a href="/wiki/Elbow-joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbow-joint">elbow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wrist" title="Wrist">wrist</a> (<a href="/wiki/Triceps_brachii_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Triceps brachii muscle">triceps</a> and wrist <a href="/wiki/Extensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensor">extensors</a>); <a href="/wiki/Pronate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pronate">pronate</a> wrist </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_7" title="Cervical spinal nerve 7">C7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_8" title="Cervical spinal nerve 8">C8</a> </th> <td>Flex wrist; supply small muscles of the <a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">hand</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_1" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 1">T1</a>–<a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_6" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 6">T6</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostal muscle">Intercostals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torso" title="Torso">trunk</a> above the <a href="/wiki/Waist" title="Waist">waist</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_7" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 7">T7</a>–<a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 1">L1</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">Abdominal</a> muscles </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 1">L1</a>–<a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 4">L4</a> </th> <td>Flex <a href="/wiki/Hip_joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip joint">hip joint</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 2">L2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 3">L3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 4">L4</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Adduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Adduction">Adduct</a> thigh; Extend <a href="/wiki/Human_leg" title="Human leg">leg</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">knee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quadriceps_femoris" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadriceps femoris">quadriceps femoris</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 4">L4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 5">L5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_1" title="Sacral spinal nerve 1">S1</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Abduction_(kinesiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abduction (kinesiology)">abduct</a> thigh; Flex leg at the knee (<a href="/wiki/Hamstring" title="Hamstring">hamstrings</a>); <a href="/wiki/Dorsiflexion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsiflexion">Dorsiflex</a> <a href="/wiki/Foot" title="Foot">foot</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tibialis_anterior" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibialis anterior">tibialis anterior</a>); Extend <a href="/wiki/Toe" title="Toe">toes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 5">L5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_1" title="Sacral spinal nerve 1">S1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_2" title="Sacral spinal nerve 2">S2</a> </th> <td>Extend leg at the <a href="/wiki/Hip" title="Hip">hip</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gluteus_maximus" title="Gluteus maximus">gluteus maximus</a>); flex foot and flex toes </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spinal_plexuses">Spinal plexuses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Spinal plexuses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Spinal_plexus" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinal plexus">spinal plexus</a> is a weblike <a href="/wiki/Nerve_plexus" title="Nerve plexus">nerve plexus</a> formed by the <a href="/wiki/Ventral_ramus_of_spinal_nerve" title="Ventral ramus of spinal nerve">anterior nerve roots</a> that branch and <a href="/wiki/Anastomoses" class="mw-redirect" title="Anastomoses">merge</a> repeatedly. The only region that does not have a plexus is the thoracic region. The small <a href="/wiki/Cervical_plexus" title="Cervical plexus">cervical plexus</a> is in the neck, the <a href="/wiki/Brachial_plexus" title="Brachial plexus">brachial plexus</a> is in the shoulder, the <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_plexus" title="Lumbar plexus">lumbar plexus</a> is in the lower back, beneath this is the <a href="/wiki/Sacral_plexus" title="Sacral plexus">sacral plexus</a>, and next to the lower sacrum and <a href="/wiki/Coccyx" title="Coccyx">coccyx</a> is the very small <a href="/wiki/Coccygeal_plexus" title="Coccygeal plexus">coccygeal plexus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saladin1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saladin1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The muscles that one particular spinal root supplies are that nerve's <a href="/wiki/Myotome_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Myotome (anatomy)">myotome</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Dermatome_(anatomy)" title="Dermatome (anatomy)">dermatomes</a> are the areas of sensory innervation on the skin for each spinal nerve. Lesions of one or more nerve roots result in typical patterns of neurologic defects (<a href="/wiki/Muscle_weakness" title="Muscle weakness">muscle weakness</a>, abnormal sensation, changes in reflexes) that allow localization of the responsible lesion. </p><p>There are several procedures used in <a href="/wiki/Sacral_nerve_stimulation" title="Sacral nerve stimulation">sacral nerve stimulation</a> for the treatment of various related disorders. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sciatica" title="Sciatica">Sciatica</a> is generally caused by the compression of lumbar nerves L4, or L5 or sacral nerves S1, S2, or S3, or by compression of the sciatic nerve itself </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_Images">Additional Images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Additional Images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray796.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A portion of the spinal cord, showing its right lateral surface. The dura is opened and arranged to show the nerve roots."><img alt="A portion of the spinal cord, showing its right lateral surface. The dura is opened and arranged to show the nerve roots." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray796.png/70px-Gray796.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray796.png/105px-Gray796.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray796.png/139px-Gray796.png 2x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A portion of the spinal cord, showing its right lateral surface. The dura is opened and arranged to show the nerve roots.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray797.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Distribution of the cutaneous nerves. Ventral aspect."><img alt="Distribution of the cutaneous nerves. Ventral aspect." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Gray797.png/59px-Gray797.png" decoding="async" width="59" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Gray797.png/88px-Gray797.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Gray797.png/118px-Gray797.png 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Distribution of the cutaneous nerves. Ventral aspect.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray798.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Distribution of the cutaneous nerves. Dorsal aspect."><img alt="Distribution of the cutaneous nerves. Dorsal aspect." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gray798.png/56px-Gray798.png" decoding="async" width="56" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gray798.png/84px-Gray798.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gray798.png/113px-Gray798.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Distribution of the cutaneous nerves. Dorsal aspect.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1909_611.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The spinal cord with dura cut open, showing the exits of the spinal nerves."><img alt="The spinal cord with dura cut open, showing the exits of the spinal nerves." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sobo_1909_611.png/70px-Sobo_1909_611.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sobo_1909_611.png/105px-Sobo_1909_611.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sobo_1909_611.png/140px-Sobo_1909_611.png 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="993" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The spinal cord with <a href="/wiki/Dura_mater" title="Dura mater">dura</a> cut open, showing the exits of the spinal nerves.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1909_613.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The spinal cord showing how the anterior and posterior roots join in the spinal nerves."><img alt="The spinal cord showing how the anterior and posterior roots join in the spinal nerves." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Sobo_1909_613.png/120px-Sobo_1909_613.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Sobo_1909_613.png/180px-Sobo_1909_613.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Sobo_1909_613.png/240px-Sobo_1909_613.png 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="214" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The spinal cord showing how the anterior and posterior roots join in the spinal nerves.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1909_614.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A longer view of the spinal cord."><img alt="A longer view of the spinal cord." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sobo_1909_614.png/55px-Sobo_1909_614.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sobo_1909_614.png/82px-Sobo_1909_614.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sobo_1909_614.png/110px-Sobo_1909_614.png 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="1246" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A longer view of the spinal cord.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1909_615.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Projections of the spinal cord into the nerves (red motor, blue sensory)."><img alt="Projections of the spinal cord into the nerves (red motor, blue sensory)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sobo_1909_615.png/120px-Sobo_1909_615.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sobo_1909_615.png/180px-Sobo_1909_615.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sobo_1909_615.png/240px-Sobo_1909_615.png 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="487" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Projections of the spinal cord into the nerves (red motor, blue sensory).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1909_616.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Projections of the spinal cord into the nerves (red motor, blue sensory)."><img alt="Projections of the spinal cord into the nerves (red motor, blue sensory)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sobo_1909_616.png/116px-Sobo_1909_616.png" decoding="async" width="116" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sobo_1909_616.png/175px-Sobo_1909_616.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sobo_1909_616.png/233px-Sobo_1909_616.png 2x" data-file-width="977" data-file-height="1007" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Projections of the spinal cord into the nerves (red motor, blue sensory).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cervical_plexus.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Schematic diagram of cervical plexus."><img alt="Schematic diagram of cervical plexus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Cervical_plexus.gif/120px-Cervical_plexus.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Cervical_plexus.gif/180px-Cervical_plexus.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Cervical_plexus.gif/240px-Cervical_plexus.gif 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="547" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Schematic diagram of cervical plexus.</div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Dissection images</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide2PIT.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cerebrum. Inferior view. Deep dissection."><img alt="Cerebrum. Inferior view. Deep dissection." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Slide2PIT.JPG/120px-Slide2PIT.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Slide2PIT.JPG/180px-Slide2PIT.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Slide2PIT.JPG/240px-Slide2PIT.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cerebrum. Inferior view. Deep dissection.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide3PIT.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cerebrum. Inferior view. Deep dissection."><img alt="Cerebrum. Inferior view. Deep dissection." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Slide3PIT.JPG/120px-Slide3PIT.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Slide3PIT.JPG/180px-Slide3PIT.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Slide3PIT.JPG/240px-Slide3PIT.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cerebrum. Inferior view. Deep dissection.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide2VAS.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Spinal nerves. Spinal cord and vertebral canal. Deep dissection."><img alt="Spinal nerves. Spinal cord and vertebral canal. Deep dissection." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Slide2VAS.JPG/120px-Slide2VAS.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Slide2VAS.JPG/180px-Slide2VAS.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Slide2VAS.JPG/240px-Slide2VAS.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spinal nerves. Spinal cord and vertebral canal. Deep dissection.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plexus" title="Plexus">Plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_plexus" title="Nerve plexus">Nerve plexus</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brachial_plexus" title="Brachial plexus">Brachial plexus</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerves" title="Cranial nerves">Cranial nerves</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kaiser-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kaiser_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaiser_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaiser_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKaiserLugo-Pico2024" class="citation book cs1">Kaiser, JT; Lugo-Pico, JG (January 2024). <i>Neuroanatomy, Spinal Nerves</i>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31194375">31194375</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neuroanatomy%2C+Spinal+Nerves.&rft.date=2024-01&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31194375&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=JT&rft.au=Lugo-Pico%2C+JG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinal+nerve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AANS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AANS_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aans.org/en/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Anatomy-of-the-Spine-and-Peripheral-Nervous-System">"A Neurosurgeon's Overview of the Anatomy of the Spine and Peripheral Nervous System"</a>. <i>www.aans.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aans.org&rft.atitle=A+Neurosurgeon%E2%80%99s+Overview+of+the+Anatomy+of+the+Spine+and+Peripheral+Nervous+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aans.org%2Fen%2FPatients%2FNeurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments%2FAnatomy-of-the-Spine-and-Peripheral-Nervous-System&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinal+nerve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saladin1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saladin1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saladin1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saladin1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaladin2011" class="citation book cs1">Saladin, Kenneth S. (2011). <i>Human anatomy</i> (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 382–388. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780071222075" title="Special:BookSources/9780071222075"><bdi>9780071222075</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+anatomy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=382-388&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780071222075&rft.aulast=Saladin&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinal+nerve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">1. <b>Anatomy, descriptive and surgical: Gray's anatomy</b>. Gray, Henry. Philadelphia : Courage Books/Running Press, 1974</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2. <b>Clinically Oriented Anatomy</b>. Moore, Keith L. Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010 (6th ed)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">3. <b>Human Neuroanatomy</b>. Carpenter, Malcolm B. Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins Co., 1976 (7th ed)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Blumenfeld H. 'Neuroanatomy Through Clinical Cases'. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates; 2002.</li> <li>Drake RL, Vogl W, Mitchell AWM. 'Gray's Anatomy for Students'. New York: Elsevier; 2005:69-70.</li> <li>Ropper AH, Samuels MA. 'Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology'. Ninth Edition. 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nerve">Motor nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerves" title="Cranial nerves">Cranial nerves</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spinal nerve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system" title="Autonomic nervous system">Autonomic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_system" title="Sympathetic nervous system">Sympathetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system" title="Parasympathetic nervous system">Parasympathetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enteric_nervous_system" title="Enteric nervous system">Enteric</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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nerves"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spinal_nerves" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spinal nerves</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cervical_nerves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervical nerves">Cervical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_1" title="Cervical spinal nerve 1">C1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_2" title="Cervical spinal nerve 2">C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_3" title="Cervical spinal nerve 3">C3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_4" title="Cervical spinal nerve 4">C4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_5" title="Cervical spinal nerve 5">C5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_6" title="Cervical spinal nerve 6">C6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_7" title="Cervical spinal nerve 7">C7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_8" title="Cervical spinal nerve 8">C8</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anterior_ramus_of_spinal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior ramus of spinal nerve">anterior</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_plexus" title="Cervical plexus">Cervical plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachial_plexus" title="Brachial plexus">Brachial plexus</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Posterior_ramus_of_spinal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior ramus of spinal nerve">posterior</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_branches_of_cervical_nerves" title="Posterior branches of cervical nerves">Posterior branches of cervical nerves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suboccipital_nerve" title="Suboccipital nerve">Suboccipital – C1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_occipital_nerve" title="Greater occipital nerve">Greater occipital – C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_occipital_nerve" title="Third occipital nerve">Third occipital – C3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_nerves" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoracic nerves">Thoracic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_1" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 1">T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_2" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 2">T2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_3" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 3">T3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_4" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 4">T4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_5" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 5">T5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_6" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 6">T6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_7" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 7">T7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_8" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 8">T8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_9" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 9">T9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_10" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 10">T10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_11" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 11">T11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_12" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 12">T12</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>anterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intercostal_nerves" title="Intercostal nerves">Intercostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercostobrachial_nerve" title="Intercostobrachial nerve">Intercostobrachial – T2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoraco-abdominal_nerves" title="Thoraco-abdominal nerves">Thoraco-abdominal nerves – T7–T11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcostal_nerve" title="Subcostal nerve">Subcostal – T12</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>posterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_branches_of_thoracic_nerves" title="Posterior branches of thoracic nerves">Posterior branches of thoracic nerves</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_nerves" title="Lumbar nerves">Lumbar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 1">L1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 2">L2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 3">L3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 4">L4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 5">L5</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>anterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_plexus" title="Lumbar plexus">Lumbar plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbosacral_trunk" title="Lumbosacral trunk">Lumbosacral trunk</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>posterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_branches_of_the_lumbar_nerves" title="Posterior branches of the lumbar nerves">Posterior branches of the lumbar nerves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_cluneal_nerves" title="Superior cluneal nerves">Superior cluneal L1–L3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacral_nerves" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacral nerves">Sacral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_1" title="Sacral spinal nerve 1">S1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_2" title="Sacral spinal nerve 2">S2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_3" title="Sacral spinal nerve 3">S3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_4" title="Sacral spinal nerve 4">S4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_5" title="Sacral spinal nerve 5">S5</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>anterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacral_plexus" title="Sacral plexus">Sacral plexus</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>posterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_branches_of_sacral_nerves" title="Posterior branches of sacral nerves">Posterior branches of sacral nerves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_cluneal_nerves" title="Medial cluneal nerves">Medial cluneal nerves</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coccygeal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Coccygeal nerve">Coccygeal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>anterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coccygeal_plexus" title="Coccygeal plexus">Coccygeal plexus</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>posterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_branch_of_coccygeal_nerve" title="Posterior branch of coccygeal nerve">Posterior branch of coccygeal nerve</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937076#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937076#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937076#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4256684-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Spinal nerves"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85090910">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nerfs spinaux"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11982963c">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nerfs spinaux"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11982963c">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000248883&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007565642405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url/?p=1323&url_prefix=https:%2F%2Fwww.unifr.ch%2Fifaa%2FPublic%2FEntryPage%2FTA98%20Tree%2FEntity%20TA98%20EN%2F&url_suffix=%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm&id=A14.2.00.027">Terminologia Anatomica</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&oldid=1241617113">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spinal_nerve&oldid=1241617113</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peripheral_nervous_system" 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