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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>President</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Albert Lebrun</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%8D%E1%89%A4%E1%88%AD_%E1%88%88%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%95" title="አልቤር ለብረን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አልቤር ለብረን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ألبير فرانسوا لوبران – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألبير فرانسوا لوبران" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alber_Lebren" title="Alber Lebren – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alber Lebren" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Альбер Лебрэн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Альбер Лебрэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lebrun" title="Albert François Lebrun – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Albert François Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86" title="آلبر لوبرن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلبر لوبرن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4_%EB%A5%B4%EB%B8%8C%EB%A3%85" title="알베르 르브룅 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알베르 르브룅" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80_%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ալբեր Լեբրեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալբեր Լեբրեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="אלבר לברן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלבר לברן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ალბერ ლებრანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალბერ ლებრანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Альбер Лебрен – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Альбер Лебрен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Lebrun" title="Albertus Lebrun – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Albertus Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alb%C4%93rs_Lebr%C4%93ns" title="Albērs Lebrēns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Albērs Lebrēns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8" title="आल्बेर लेब्रन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आल्बेर लेब्रन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="البير فرانسوا لوبران – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البير فرانسوا لوبران" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86" title="آلبر لوبرن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلبر لوبرن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lebrun" title="Albert François Lebrun – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Albert François Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3" title="アルベール・ルブラン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルベール・ルブラン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лебрен, Альбер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лебрен, Альбер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Албер Лебрен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Албер Лебрен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Албер Лебрен – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Албер Лебрен" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Альбер Лебрен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альбер Лебрен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%9D%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%A6" title="阿尔贝·勒布伦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿尔贝·勒布伦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Albert Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%9D%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%A6" title="阿尔贝·勒布伦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尔贝·勒布伦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q158749#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">President of France from 1932 to 1940</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid 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.hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" class="extiw" title="fr:Albert Lebrun">the corresponding article</a> in French</b>.  <i><small>(January 2022)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must 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If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Albert Lebrun]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fr|Albert Lebrun}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Albert_Lebrun" title="Talk:Albert Lebrun">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Albert Lebrun</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Lebrun_1932_(2)_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Albert_Lebrun_1932_%282%29_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/250px-Albert_Lebrun_1932_%282%29_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Albert_Lebrun_1932_%282%29_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/330px-Albert_Lebrun_1932_%282%29_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Albert_Lebrun_1932_%282%29_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="482" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Lebrun in 1932</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of France</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 May 1932 – 11 July 1940</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paul-Boncour" title="Joseph Paul-Boncour">Paul-Boncour</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sarraut" title="Albert Sarraut">Sarraut</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Chautemps</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Doumergue</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_Bouisson" title="Fernand Bouisson">Bouisson</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Paul Doumer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a><br />(Chief of the French State)<br /><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Auriol" title="Vincent Auriol">Vincent Auriol</a> (as President)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Senate (France)">President of the Senate</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 June 1931 – 10 May 1932</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Paul Doumer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Jeanneney" title="Jules Jeanneney">Jules Jeanneney</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Liberated_Regions_(France)" title="Minister of the Liberated Regions (France)">Minister of the Liberated Regions</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />23 November 1917 – 6 November 1919</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Georges Clemenceau</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jonnart" title="Charles Jonnart">Charles Jonnart</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">André Tardieu</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Overseas_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of the Overseas (France)">Minister of the Colonies</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />9 December 1913 – 3 June 1914</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Gaston Doumergue</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Morel_(politician)" title="Jean Morel (politician)">Jean Morel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maunoury" title="Maurice Maunoury">Maurice Maunoury</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />27 June 1911 – 12 January 1913</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Joseph Caillaux</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Raymond Poincaré</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Messimy" title="Adolphe Messimy">Adolphe Messimy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Besnard" title="René Besnard">René Besnard</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Armed_Forces_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of the Armed Forces (France)">Minister of War</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 January 1913 – 20 January 1913</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Raymond Poincaré</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand" title="Alexandre Millerand">Alexandre Millerand</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_%C3%89tienne" title="Eugène Étienne">Eugène Étienne</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of the <a href="/wiki/Departmental_council_(France)" title="Departmental council (France)">General Council</a> of <a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 August 1906 – 10 May 1932</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_M%C3%A9zi%C3%A8res" title="Alfred Mézières">Alfred Mézières</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Albert Tourtel</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1871-08-29</span>)</span>29 August 1871<br /><a href="/wiki/Mercy-le-Haut" title="Mercy-le-Haut">Mercy-le-Haut</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 March 1950<span style="display:none">(1950-03-06)</span> (aged 78)<br />Paris, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">Pneumonia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republican_Alliance" title="Democratic Republican Alliance">Democratic Republican Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Lebrun" title="Marguerite Lebrun">Marguerite Nivoit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_polytechnique" title="École polytechnique">École polytechnique</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_mines_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="École des mines de Paris">École des mines de Paris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_d%27Albert_Lebrun_-_Archives_nationales_(France).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Albert Lebrun's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Signature_d%27Albert_Lebrun_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.png/94px-Signature_d%27Albert_Lebrun_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.png" decoding="async" width="94" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Signature_d%27Albert_Lebrun_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.png/140px-Signature_d%27Albert_Lebrun_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Signature_d%27Albert_Lebrun_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.png/187px-Signature_d%27Albert_Lebrun_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="462" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Albert François Lebrun</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[albɛʁ<span class="wrap"> </span>ləbʁœ̃]</a></span>; 29 August 1871 – 6 March 1950) was a French politician who served as <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of France</a> from 1932 to 1940. He was the last president of the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a>. He was a member of the centre-right <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republican_Alliance" title="Democratic Republican Alliance">Democratic Republican Alliance</a> (ARD). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Lebrun&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Albert_Lebrun" title="Special:EditPage/Albert Lebrun">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Albert+Lebrun%22">"Albert Lebrun"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Albert+Lebrun%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Albert+Lebrun%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Albert+Lebrun%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Albert+Lebrun%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Albert+Lebrun%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Lebrun&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born to a farming family in <a href="/wiki/Mercy-le-Haut" title="Mercy-le-Haut">Mercy-le-Haut</a>, Meurthe-et-Moselle, he attended the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique" class="mw-redirect" title="École Polytechnique">École Polytechnique</a> and the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_Mines_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="École des Mines de Paris">École des Mines de Paris</a>, graduating from both at the top of his class. He then became a mining engineer in <a href="/wiki/Vesoul" title="Vesoul">Vesoul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a>, but left that profession at the age of 29 to enter politics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Lebrun&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Lebrun_-_Henri_Manuel_(1911).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Albert_Lebrun_-_Henri_Manuel_%281911%29.jpg/220px-Albert_Lebrun_-_Henri_Manuel_%281911%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Albert_Lebrun_-_Henri_Manuel_%281911%29.jpg/330px-Albert_Lebrun_-_Henri_Manuel_%281911%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Albert_Lebrun_-_Henri_Manuel_%281911%29.jpg/440px-Albert_Lebrun_-_Henri_Manuel_%281911%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2691" data-file-height="3108" /></a><figcaption>Albert Lebrun, 1911</figcaption></figure> <p>Lebrun won a seat in the Chamber of Deputies in 1900 as a member of the Left Republican Party, later serving on the cabinet as Minister for the Colonies from 1912 to 1914, Minister of War in 1913 and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Liberated_Regions_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Liberated Regions (France)">Minister for Liberated Regions</a> from 1917 to 1919. Joining the Democratic Alliance, he was elected to the French senate from <a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a> in 1920, and served as Vice President of the Senate from 1925 through 1929. He was president of that body from 1931 to 1932. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President">President</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Lebrun&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: President"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lebrun was elected President of France by the newly elected Chamber of Deputies following the assassination of President <a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Paul Doumer</a> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gorguloff" title="Paul Gorguloff">Pavel Gurgulov</a> on 6 May 1932. Re-elected in 1939, largely because of his record of accommodating all political sides, he exercised little power as president. </p><p>In June 1940, with the <a href="/wiki/Fall_Rot#Battle" title="Fall Rot">military collapse of France</a> imminent, Lebrun wrote "the uselessness of the struggle was demonstrated. An end must be made."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the Cabinet wanting to ask for an armistice, on 17 June 1940 Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Paul Reynaud</a> resigned, recommending to President Lebrun that he appoint Marechal <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a> in his place, which he did that day.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British General Sir <a href="/wiki/Edward_Spears" title="Edward Spears">Edward Spears</a>, who was present with the French cabinet during this crisis wrote "it is clear that the President had made up his mind that France was free of her obligations to Britain, and was at liberty to ask for <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_22_June_1940" title="Armistice of 22 June 1940">an armistice</a> [with Germany] if she deemed it to be in her interests to do so."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 July 1940, Lebrun enacted the <a href="/wiki/French_Constitutional_Law_of_1940" title="French Constitutional Law of 1940">Constitutional Law of 10 July 1940</a>, which the National Assembly had voted for by 569 votes to 80,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allowing Prime Minister Philippe Pétain to promulgate a new constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 July, Lebrun was replaced by Pétain as head of state.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lebrun fled to <a href="/wiki/Vizille" title="Vizille">Vizille</a> (Isère) on 15 July, but was captured on 27 August 1943, when the Germans moved into the region. He was then sent into captivity at the <a href="/wiki/Itter_Castle" title="Itter Castle">Itter Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tyrol_(state)" title="Tyrol (state)">Tyrol</a>. On 10 October 1943 he was allowed to return to Vizille due to illness, but was kept under constant surveillance.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 August 1944, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Operation Dragoon</a> began. One week later, <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a>, Vizille and other cities were freed. The German <a href="/wiki/19th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="19th Army (Wehrmacht)">19th Army</a> withdrew quickly. </p><p>On 11 October 1944, Lebrun met with <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> and acknowledged the General's leadership. Conveniently forgetting the new Constitutional Law he had enacted in 1940, Lebrun said that he had not formally resigned as president because the dissolution of the National Assembly had left nobody to accept his resignation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Whether or not de Gaulle accepted this lie is unknown. During the post-war Petain trial "all the available celebrities of the Third Republic testified, including Lebrun, all whitewashing themselves".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lebrun argued again that he had never officially resigned. De Gaulle made no mystery of his low opinion of Lebrun, and wrote of him in his memoirs: "As a head of state he lacked two things: there was no state, and he wasn't a head."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Lebrun&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lebrun was married to <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Lebrun" title="Marguerite Lebrun">Marguerite Lebrun</a> (née Nivoit). Together they had two children: a son, Jean, and a daughter, Marie.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life">Later life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Lebrun&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the war, Lebrun lived in retirement. He died of <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> in Paris on 6 March 1950 after a protracted illness.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Lebrun&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lebrun, Albert, <i>Témoignage</i>, p.80, cited by Spears, 1957, p.277n.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Werth, Alexander, <i>France 1940-1955</i>, London, 1957, p.30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spears, Major-General Sir Edward, <i>Assignment to Catastrophe - The Fall of France June 1940</i>, London, 1954, vol.ii, p.302/304.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Werth, 1957, p.31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/decouvrir-l-assemblee/histoire/le-suffrage-universel">"Le suffrage universel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">Assemblée nationale</a></i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Assembl%C3%A9e+nationale&rft.atitle=Le+suffrage+universel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.assemblee-nationale.fr%2Fdecouvrir-l-assemblee%2Fhistoire%2Fle-suffrage-universel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Lebrun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaury1949" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Maury, jean-Pierre (11 July 1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/france/co1940.htm#1">"Acte constitutionnel n° 1 du 11 juillet 1940"</a>. <i>Digithèque MJP – France</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digith%C3%A8que+MJP+%E2%80%93+France&rft.atitle=Acte+constitutionnel+n%C2%B0+1+du+11+juillet+1940.&rft.date=1949-07-11&rft.aulast=Maury&rft.aufirst=jean-Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmjp.univ-perp.fr%2Ffrance%2Fco1940.htm%231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Lebrun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.annales.org/archives/x/lebrun.html">https://www.annales.org/archives/x/lebrun.html</a> (<i>Les Nazis l'autorisèrent à rentrer à Vizille (Isère) sous surveillance en octobre 1943.</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Werth, 1957, p.260,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFS.Gaulle1960" class="citation journal cs1">S., A.; Gaulle, Charles De (June 1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1527338">"Memoires de guerre. T. III: Le salut (1944-1946)"</a>. <i>Population (French Edition)</i>. <b>15</b> (3): 565. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1527338">10.2307/1527338</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0032-4663">0032-4663</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1527338">1527338</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population+%28French+Edition%29&rft.atitle=Memoires+de+guerre.+T.+III%3A+Le+salut+%281944-1946%29&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=565&rft.date=1960-06&rft.issn=0032-4663&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1527338%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1527338&rft.aulast=S.&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Gaulle%2C+Charles+De&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.2307%2F1527338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Lebrun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1932" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Edmund (11 May 1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1932/05/11/page/6/article/france-gains-a-president-and-loses-a-premier">"France Gains A President And Loses A Premier"</a>. Chicago Tribune<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France+Gains+A+President+And+Loses+A+Premier&rft.date=1932-05-11&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1932%2F05%2F11%2Fpage%2F6%2Farticle%2Ffrance-gains-a-president-and-loses-a-premier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Lebrun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=M5EpAAAAIBAJ&pg=6191,3090619&dq=albert+lebrun&hl=en">"Albert Lebrun Taken by Death"</a>. Associated Press. 6 March 1950<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Albert+Lebrun+Taken+by+Death&rft.date=1950-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DM5EpAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6191%2C3090619%26dq%3Dalbert%2Blebrun%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Lebrun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Lebrun&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Lebrun%2C%20Albert%20François%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Lebrun%2C%20Albert%20F%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Lebrun%2C%20A%2E%20F%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Albert%20François%20Lebrun%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Albert%20F%2E%20Lebrun%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22A%2E%20F%2E%20Lebrun%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Lebrun%2C%20Albert%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Albert%20Lebrun%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Albert%20François%20Lebrun%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Albert%20F%2E%20Lebrun%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22A%2E%20F%2E%20Lebrun%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22A%2E%20François%20Lebrun%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lebrun%2C%20Albert%20François%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lebrun%2C%20Albert%20F%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lebrun%2C%20A%2E%20F%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lebrun%2C%20A%2E%20François%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Albert%20Lebrun%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lebrun%2C%20Albert%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Albert%20François%20Lebrun%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Albert%20F%2E%20Lebrun%22%20OR%20title%3A%22A%2E%20F%2E%20Lebrun%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Albert%20Lebrun%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Albert%20François%20Lebrun%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Albert%20F%2E%20Lebrun%22%20OR%20description%3A%22A%2E%20F%2E%20Lebrun%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Lebrun%2C%20Albert%20François%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Lebrun%2C%20Albert%20F%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Albert%20Lebrun%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Lebrun%2C%20Albert%22%29%20OR%20%28%221871-1950%22%20AND%20Lebrun%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Albert Lebrun</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/011087">Newspaper clippings about Albert Lebrun</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Messimy" title="Adolphe Messimy">Adolphe Messimy</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Overseas_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of the Overseas (France)">Minister of the Colonies</a> </b><br />1911–1913 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Besnard" title="René Besnard">René Besnard</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand" title="Alexandre Millerand">Alexandre Millerand</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_War_(France)" title="Minister of War (France)">Minister of War</a> </b><br />1913 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_%C3%89tienne" title="Eugène Étienne">Eugène Étienne</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Morel_(politician)" title="Jean Morel (politician)">Jean Morel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Overseas_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of the Overseas (France)">Minister of the Colonies</a> </b><br />1913–1914 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maunoury" title="Maurice Maunoury">Maurice Maunoury</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jonnart" title="Charles Jonnart">Charles Jonnart</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Liberated_Regions_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Liberated Regions (France)">Minister of Liberated Regions</a> </b><br />1917–1919 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">André Tardieu</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Paul Doumer</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Senate_of_France" title="List of presidents of the Senate of France">President of the Senate</a> </b><br />1931–1932 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Jeanneney" title="Jules Jeanneney">Jules Jeanneney</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of France</a> </b><br />1932–1940 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Auriol" title="Vincent Auriol">Vincent Auriol</a> </b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Paul Doumer</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_co-princes_of_Andorra" title="List of co-princes of Andorra">Co-Prince of Andorra</a> </b><br />1932–1940 <br />Served alongside: <b><br /><a href="/wiki/Just%C3%AD_Guitart_i_Vilardeb%C3%B3" title="Justí Guitart i Vilardebó">Justí Guitart i Vilardebó</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_France" title="Template:Presidents of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_France" title="Template talk:Presidents of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_France310" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_France" title="List of presidents of France">Presidents of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a> (1848–1852)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Louis-Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (page does not exist)">1848–1851</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Louis-Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte">fr</a>]</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a> (1870–1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Adolphe Thiers</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Adolphe_Thiers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Adolphe Thiers (page does not exist)">1871–1873</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_d%27Adolphe_Thiers" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence d'Adolphe Thiers">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice_de_MacMahon" title="Patrice de MacMahon">Patrice de MacMahon</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Patrice_de_Mac_Mahon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Patrice de Mac Mahon (page does not exist)">1873–1879</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Patrice_de_Mac_Mahon" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Patrice de Mac Mahon">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Gr%C3%A9vy" title="Jules Grévy">Jules Grévy</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Jules_Gr%C3%A9vy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Jules Grévy (page does not exist)">1879–1887</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Jules_Gr%C3%A9vy" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Jules Grévy">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(statesman)" title="Sadi Carnot (statesman)">Sadi Carnot</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Sadi_Carnot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Sadi Carnot (page does not exist)">1887–1894</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Sadi_Carnot" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Sadi Carnot">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Casimir-Perier" title="Jean Casimir-Perier">Jean Casimir-Perier</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Jean_Casimir-Perier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Jean Casimir-Perier (page does not exist)">1894–1895</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Jean_Casimir-Perier" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Jean Casimir-Perier">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Faure" title="Félix Faure">Félix Faure</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_F%C3%A9lix_Faure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Félix Faure (page does not exist)">1895–1899</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_F%C3%A9lix_Faure" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Félix Faure">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Émile Loubet</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_%C3%89mile_Loubet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Émile Loubet (page does not exist)">1899–1906</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_d%27%C3%89mile_Loubet" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence d'Émile Loubet">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Falli%C3%A8res" title="Armand Fallières">Armand Fallières</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Armand_Falli%C3%A8res&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Armand Fallières (page does not exist)">1906–1913</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_d%27Armand_Falli%C3%A8res" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence d'Armand Fallières">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Raymond Poincaré</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Raymond Poincaré (page does not exist)">1913–1920</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Raymond Poincaré">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Deschanel" title="Paul Deschanel">Paul Deschanel</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Paul_Deschanel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Paul Deschanel (page does not exist)">1920</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Paul_Deschanel" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Paul Deschanel">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand" title="Alexandre Millerand">Alexandre Millerand</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Alexandre_Millerand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Alexandre Millerand (page does not exist)">1920–1924</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_d%27Alexandre_Millerand" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence d'Alexandre Millerand">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Gaston Doumergue</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Gaston_Doumergue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Gaston Doumergue (page does not exist)">1924–1931</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Gaston_Doumergue" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Gaston Doumergue">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Paul Doumer</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Paul_Doumer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Paul Doumer (page does not exist)">1931–1932</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Paul_Doumer" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Paul Doumer">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albert Lebrun</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Albert_Lebrun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Albert Lebrun (page does not exist)">1932–1940</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_d%27Albert_Lebrun" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence d'Albert Lebrun">fr</a>]</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a> (1947–1958)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Auriol" title="Vincent Auriol">Vincent Auriol</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Vincent_Auriol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Vincent Auriol (page does not exist)">1947–1954</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Vincent_Auriol" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Vincent Auriol">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Coty" title="René Coty">René Coty</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Ren%C3%A9_Coty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of René Coty (page does not exist)">1954–1959</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Ren%C3%A9_Coty" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de René Coty">fr</a>]</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a> (1958–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Presidency of Charles de Gaulle">1959–1969</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alain_Poher" title="Alain Poher">Alain Poher</a></i> (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Georges_Pompidou" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Georges Pompidou">1969–1974</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Georges_Pompidou" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Georges Pompidou">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alain_Poher" title="Alain Poher">Alain Poher</a></i> (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (page does not exist)">1974–1981</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of François Mitterrand">1981–1995</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de François Mitterrand">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jacques_Chirac" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Jacques Chirac">1995–2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Presidency of Nicolas Sarkozy">2007–2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="Presidency of François Hollande">2012–2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Presidency of Emmanuel Macron">2017–present</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Acting presidents are denoted by italics.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158749#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2286" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158749#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2286" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158749#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000117433118">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/12501255">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1511381/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJd3T3JjpVt7cPmYYdk4bd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124728111">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no93006287">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13994781q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13994781q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lebrun, Albert"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=uk20211107484&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/271049">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p125143745">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810697236505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007308333705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/(num_dept)/7652">Sycomore</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/124728111.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/124728111">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/075118246">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10574797">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61k3ctf">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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