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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Neoclassical revival style of the mid-to-late 19th century</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dawison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Dawison.jpg/250px-Dawison.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Dawison.jpg/375px-Dawison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Dawison.jpg/500px-Dawison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Neo-Grec architecture in the tomb of actor <a href="/wiki/Bogumil_Dawison" title="Bogumil Dawison">Bogumil Dawison</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Néo-Grec</b> was a Neoclassical Revival style of the mid-to-late 19th century that was popularized in architecture, the decorative arts, and in painting during France's <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a>, the reign of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a> (1852–1870). The Néo-Grec vogue took as its starting point the earlier expressions of the Neoclassical style inspired by 18th-century excavations at <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, which resumed in earnest in 1848, and similar excavations at <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a>. The style mixed elements of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Graeco-Roman</a>, Pompeian, <a href="/wiki/Adam_style#Revival" title="Adam style">Adam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revival_architecture" title="Egyptian Revival architecture">Egyptian Revival</a> styles into "a richly eclectic polychrome mélange."<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The style enjoyed a vogue in the United States, and had a short-lived impact on interior design in England and elsewhere."<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Grec&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival architecture</a></div> <p>In architecture, the Néo-Grec is not always clearly distinguishable from the Neoclassical designs of the earlier part of the century, in buildings such as the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Madeleine" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of the Madeleine">Church of the Madeleine</a>, Paris. The classic example of Néo-Grec architecture is <a href="/wiki/Henri_Labrouste" title="Henri Labrouste">Henri Labrouste</a>'s innovative <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Sainte_Genevieve" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque Sainte Genevieve">Bibliothèque Sainte Genevieve</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, 1843–50, generally seen as the first major public building in this later mode of classicism. </p><p>Not only was the Néo-Grec popular in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, but also in <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and especially in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, where its severity accorded with the <a href="/wiki/American_Renaissance" title="American Renaissance">American Renaissance</a>. The architectural historian <a href="/wiki/Neil_Levine_(art_historian)" title="Neil Levine (art historian)">Neil Levine</a> has explained the style as a reaction against the rigidity of <a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Levine, Néo-Grec was a somewhat looser style, which "replaced the rhetorical form of classical architectural discourse by a more literal and descriptive syntax of form."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was meant to be a "readable" architecture. </p><p>American architect <a href="/wiki/Richard_Morris_Hunt" title="Richard Morris Hunt">Richard Morris Hunt</a> introduced Néo-Grec massing into his buildings in the late 1860s and 1870s.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hunt's student, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Furness" title="Frank Furness">Frank Furness</a>, did the same in his early Philadelphia buildings, and experimented with using massing and visual "weight" for dramatic effect.<sup id="cite_ref-Furness_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furness-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 154">: 154 </span></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biblioth%C3%A8que_St_Genevi%C3%A8ve_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève (1843–1850), Paris, Henri Labrouste, architect"><img alt="Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève (1843–1850), Paris, Henri Labrouste, architect" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Biblioth%C3%A8que_St_Genevi%C3%A8ve_Paris.jpg/120px-Biblioth%C3%A8que_St_Genevi%C3%A8ve_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Biblioth%C3%A8que_St_Genevi%C3%A8ve_Paris.jpg/180px-Biblioth%C3%A8que_St_Genevi%C3%A8ve_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Biblioth%C3%A8que_St_Genevi%C3%A8ve_Paris.jpg/240px-Biblioth%C3%A8que_St_Genevi%C3%A8ve_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="835" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève">Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève</a> (1843–1850), Paris, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Labrouste" title="Henri Labrouste">Henri Labrouste</a>, architect</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lenox_Library_Loeffler.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lennox Library (1871–77, demolished 1910), Manhattan, New York City, Richard Morris Hunt, architect"><img alt="Lennox Library (1871–77, demolished 1910), Manhattan, New York City, Richard Morris Hunt, architect" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lenox_Library_Loeffler.jpg/120px-Lenox_Library_Loeffler.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lenox_Library_Loeffler.jpg/180px-Lenox_Library_Loeffler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lenox_Library_Loeffler.jpg/240px-Lenox_Library_Loeffler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="513" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lenox_Library_(New_York_City)" title="Lenox Library (New York City)">Lennox Library</a> (1871–77, demolished 1910), Manhattan, New York City, Richard Morris Hunt, architect</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Saving_Fund.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Northern Savings Fund Society (1871–72), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Frank Furness, architect"><img alt="Northern Savings Fund Society (1871–72), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Frank Furness, architect" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Northern_Saving_Fund.JPG/120px-Northern_Saving_Fund.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Northern_Saving_Fund.JPG/180px-Northern_Saving_Fund.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Northern_Saving_Fund.JPG/240px-Northern_Saving_Fund.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3972" data-file-height="2383" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Northern Savings Fund Society (1871–72), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Frank Furness, architect</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FRONT_ELEVATION,_LOOKING_SOUTHWEST_-_Kensington_National_Bank,_2-8_West_Girard_Avenue,_Philadelphia,_Philadelphia_County,_PA_HABS_PA,51-PHILA,460-1.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Kensington National Bank (1877), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Frank Furness, architect"><img alt="Kensington National Bank (1877), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Frank Furness, architect" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/FRONT_ELEVATION%2C_LOOKING_SOUTHWEST_-_Kensington_National_Bank%2C_2-8_West_Girard_Avenue%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Philadelphia_County%2C_PA_HABS_PA%2C51-PHILA%2C460-1.tif/lossy-page1-120px-FRONT_ELEVATION%2C_LOOKING_SOUTHWEST_-_Kensington_National_Bank%2C_2-8_West_Girard_Avenue%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Philadelphia_County%2C_PA_HABS_PA%2C51-PHILA%2C460-1.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/FRONT_ELEVATION%2C_LOOKING_SOUTHWEST_-_Kensington_National_Bank%2C_2-8_West_Girard_Avenue%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Philadelphia_County%2C_PA_HABS_PA%2C51-PHILA%2C460-1.tif/lossy-page1-180px-FRONT_ELEVATION%2C_LOOKING_SOUTHWEST_-_Kensington_National_Bank%2C_2-8_West_Girard_Avenue%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Philadelphia_County%2C_PA_HABS_PA%2C51-PHILA%2C460-1.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/FRONT_ELEVATION%2C_LOOKING_SOUTHWEST_-_Kensington_National_Bank%2C_2-8_West_Girard_Avenue%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Philadelphia_County%2C_PA_HABS_PA%2C51-PHILA%2C460-1.tif/lossy-page1-240px-FRONT_ELEVATION%2C_LOOKING_SOUTHWEST_-_Kensington_National_Bank%2C_2-8_West_Girard_Avenue%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Philadelphia_County%2C_PA_HABS_PA%2C51-PHILA%2C460-1.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3587" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kensington National Bank (1877), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Frank Furness, architect</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ProvidentTrust.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Provident Life and Trust Company (1876–79, demolished 1960), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Frank Furness, architect"><img alt="Provident Life and Trust Company (1876–79, demolished 1960), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Frank Furness, architect" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/ProvidentTrust.jpg/63px-ProvidentTrust.jpg" decoding="async" width="63" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/ProvidentTrust.jpg/95px-ProvidentTrust.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/ProvidentTrust.jpg/127px-ProvidentTrust.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="895" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Provident Life and Trust Company (1876–79, demolished 1960), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Frank Furness, architect </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decorative_arts">Decorative arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Grec&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Decorative arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the decorative arts, Neo-Grec was based on the standard repertory of Greco-Roman ornament, combining motifs drawn from <a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_Ancient_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery of Ancient Greece">Greek vase-painting</a> and repetitive architectural motifs like <a href="/wiki/Anthemion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthemion">anthemions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palmette" title="Palmette">palmettes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meander_(art)" title="Meander (art)">Greek key</a> with elements from the <a href="/wiki/Adam_style" title="Adam style">Adam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_style" title="Louis XVI style">Louis XVI</a> styles of early Neoclassicism (c. 1765–1790), and of Napoleonic-era <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revival_decorative_arts" title="Egyptian Revival decorative arts">Egyptian Revival decorative arts</a>; it can be identified by the frequent use of isolated motifs of Classical heads and figures, masks, winged griffins, sea-serpents, urns, medallions, <a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(European_art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabesque (European art)">arabesques</a> and lotus buds confined within panels, shaped reserves or multiple borders of anthemion, guilloche, and Greek fret pattern. Neo-Grec was eclectic, abstracted, polychromatic, and sometimes bizarre. Its treatment was intentionally dry and linear. Its vignettes and repeating patterns lent themselves to <a href="/wiki/Stencil" title="Stencil">stencilling</a>. Typical "Neo-Grec" color harmonies were rich and harsh: black motifs and outlines against "Pompeian" red, powder blue and puce, bistre and olive drab might be combined in a single decor. The style maintained its supremacy briefly before other fashions came to the top in France.<sup id="cite_ref-Harpers1877_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harpers1877-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Etrurisches_Zimmer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Etruscan room (c.1840), watercolor by Friedrich Wilhelm Klose, City Palace, Potsdam, Germany"><img alt="Etruscan room (c.1840), watercolor by Friedrich Wilhelm Klose, City Palace, Potsdam, Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Etrurisches_Zimmer.jpg/120px-Etrurisches_Zimmer.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Etrurisches_Zimmer.jpg/180px-Etrurisches_Zimmer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Etrurisches_Zimmer.jpg/240px-Etrurisches_Zimmer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="789" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Etruscan room (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1840), watercolor by Friedrich Wilhelm Klose, <a href="/wiki/City_Palace,_Potsdam" title="City Palace, Potsdam">City Palace, Potsdam</a>, Germany</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric-Eug%C3%A8ne_Piat_-_Chemin%C3%A9e_monumentale_de_style_n%C3%A9o-grec.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cheminée monumentale de style néo-grec (1862), Frédéric-Eugène Piat, Paris, France"><img alt="Cheminée monumentale de style néo-grec (1862), Frédéric-Eugène Piat, Paris, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric-Eug%C3%A8ne_Piat_-_Chemin%C3%A9e_monumentale_de_style_n%C3%A9o-grec.JPG/89px-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric-Eug%C3%A8ne_Piat_-_Chemin%C3%A9e_monumentale_de_style_n%C3%A9o-grec.JPG" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric-Eug%C3%A8ne_Piat_-_Chemin%C3%A9e_monumentale_de_style_n%C3%A9o-grec.JPG/133px-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric-Eug%C3%A8ne_Piat_-_Chemin%C3%A9e_monumentale_de_style_n%C3%A9o-grec.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric-Eug%C3%A8ne_Piat_-_Chemin%C3%A9e_monumentale_de_style_n%C3%A9o-grec.JPG/178px-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric-Eug%C3%A8ne_Piat_-_Chemin%C3%A9e_monumentale_de_style_n%C3%A9o-grec.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2331" data-file-height="3145" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cheminée monumentale de style néo-grec (1862), Frédéric-Eugène Piat, Paris, France </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_United_States">In the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Grec&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frank Furness and furniture maker <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pabst" title="Daniel Pabst">Daniel Pabst</a> created Neo-Grec furniture for the city house of liquor baron Henry C. Gibson, circa 1870,<sup id="cite_ref-Furness_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furness-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 158–59">: 158–59 </span></sup> and for the library of the architect's brother, <a href="/wiki/Horace_Howard_Furness" title="Horace Howard Furness">Horace Howard Furness</a>, circa 1871.<sup id="cite_ref-Furness_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furness-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 166–67">: 166–67 </span></sup> They created paneling and furniture for the Manhattan city house of <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Sr." title="Theodore Roosevelt Sr.">Theodore Roosevelt Sr.</a>, circa 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-Furness_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furness-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 180–183">: 180–183 </span></sup> Pabst's <a href="/wiki/Modern_Gothic_cabinet" title="Modern Gothic cabinet">Modern Gothic exhibition cabinet</a> (circa 1877-80), now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, mixed Gothic detailing and exaggerated <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Corinthian column">Corinthian</a> capitals. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Gibson_Drawing_Room_from_Sheldon_1883-84.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drawing room of Henry Gibson (c. 1870), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Neo-Grec center table is now in the collection of the Detroit Institute of Arts.[7]"><img alt="Drawing room of Henry Gibson (c. 1870), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Neo-Grec center table is now in the collection of the Detroit Institute of Arts.[7]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Henry_Gibson_Drawing_Room_from_Sheldon_1883-84.jpg/120px-Henry_Gibson_Drawing_Room_from_Sheldon_1883-84.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Henry_Gibson_Drawing_Room_from_Sheldon_1883-84.jpg/180px-Henry_Gibson_Drawing_Room_from_Sheldon_1883-84.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Henry_Gibson_Drawing_Room_from_Sheldon_1883-84.jpg/240px-Henry_Gibson_Drawing_Room_from_Sheldon_1883-84.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="798" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Drawing room of Henry Gibson (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1870), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Neo-Grec center table is now in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Institute_of_Arts" title="Detroit Institute of Arts">Detroit Institute of Arts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RooseveltDiningroom.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dining room of Theodore Roosevelt Sr. (c. 1873), Manhattan, New York City. The dining table is now in the collection of the High Museum of Art.[8]"><img alt="Dining room of Theodore Roosevelt Sr. (c. 1873), Manhattan, New York City. The dining table is now in the collection of the High Museum of Art.[8]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/RooseveltDiningroom.jpg/120px-RooseveltDiningroom.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/RooseveltDiningroom.jpg/180px-RooseveltDiningroom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/RooseveltDiningroom.jpg/240px-RooseveltDiningroom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="927" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dining room of Theodore Roosevelt Sr. (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1873), Manhattan, New York City. The dining table is now in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/High_Museum_of_Art" title="High Museum of Art">High Museum of Art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pabst_Neo-Grec_Armchair_profile.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neo-Grec armchair (c.1870–1875), attributed to Daniel Pabst, Philadelphia, private collection"><img alt="Neo-Grec armchair (c.1870–1875), attributed to Daniel Pabst, Philadelphia, private collection" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pabst_Neo-Grec_Armchair_profile.jpg/120px-Pabst_Neo-Grec_Armchair_profile.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pabst_Neo-Grec_Armchair_profile.jpg/180px-Pabst_Neo-Grec_Armchair_profile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pabst_Neo-Grec_Armchair_profile.jpg/240px-Pabst_Neo-Grec_Armchair_profile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1813" data-file-height="1725" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Neo-Grec armchair (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1870–1875), attributed to Daniel Pabst, Philadelphia, private collection</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cabinet_MET_DT180_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modern Gothic exhibition cabinet (c.1877–1880), attributed to Daniel Pabst, Philadelphia, Metropolitan Museum of Art"><img alt="Modern Gothic exhibition cabinet (c.1877–1880), attributed to Daniel Pabst, Philadelphia, Metropolitan Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cabinet_MET_DT180_cropped.jpg/120px-Cabinet_MET_DT180_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cabinet_MET_DT180_cropped.jpg/180px-Cabinet_MET_DT180_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cabinet_MET_DT180_cropped.jpg/240px-Cabinet_MET_DT180_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1546" data-file-height="1015" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Modern Gothic exhibition cabinet (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1877–1880), attributed to Daniel Pabst, Philadelphia, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Painting">Painting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Grec&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Painting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Neo-Grec" title="Special:EditPage/Neo-Grec">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Neo-Grec%22">"Neo-Grec"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Neo-Grec%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Neo-Grec%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Neo-Grec%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Neo-Grec%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Neo-Grec%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a>, the Neoclassical style continued to be taught in the French Academy des Beaux-Arts, inculcating crisp outlines, pellucid atmosphere, and a clear, clean palette. However, a formal Neo-Grec group of artists was created in the mid 19th century after growing interest in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>, and especially the later excavations at <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Paris_Salon" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Salon">Paris Salon</a> of 1847, an art exhibition, revealed the <a href="/wiki/Academic_art" title="Academic art">academic painter</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me" title="Jean-Léon Gérôme">Jean-Léon Gérôme</a>, who in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cock_Fight" title="The Cock Fight">The Cock Fight</a></i> depicted a composition in which, in a scene of antiquity, a young boy and a girl attend the combat of two <a href="/wiki/Rooster" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooster">cocks</a>. Gérôme gained fame from this exhibition, and in the next year formed the Neo-Grec group with <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Hamon" title="Jean-Louis Hamon">Jean-Louis Hamon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henri-Pierre_Picou" title="Henri-Pierre Picou">Henri-Pierre Picou</a>—all three pupils in the same <i>atelier</i> under <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gleyre" title="Charles Gleyre">Charles Gleyre</a>. </p><p>Gleyre himself adopted the tenets of neo-classicism more strictly than others at the time, adopting the classical style and aesthetic, but almost exclusively applying it to myths and motifs from antiquity, recalling both characters from Greek myth, and antique emblems such as bacchantes and putti. The Neo-Grec group took Gleyre's style and interests, but adapted it from use in <a href="/wiki/History_painting" title="History painting">history painting</a> as in Gleyre's work, into <a href="/wiki/Genre_painting" title="Genre painting">genre painting</a>. Because they were inspired by discoveries at Pompeii, they were also called <i>néo-pompéiens</i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Louis_Hector_Leroux" title="Louis Hector Leroux">Hector Leroux</a> was also identified as a Neo-Grec.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The paintings of the Neo-Grecs sought to capture everyday, anecdotal trivialities of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greek</a> life, in a manner of whimsy, grace, and charm, and were often realistic, sensual, and erotic. For this reason they were also called "anacreontic" after the Greek poet <a href="/wiki/Anacreon" title="Anacreon">Anacreon</a>, who wrote sprightly verses in praise of love and wine. Alfred de Tanouarn describes one of Hamon's paintings as "clear, simple and natural, the idea, the attitudes and the aspects. It leads the lips a soft smile; it causes us an inexpressible feeling of pleasure in which one is happy to stop and view the painting". It can perhaps be said the motto of this group was "the goal of art is to charm". Most Neo-Grec paintings were also done in a horizontal layout as in a <a href="/wiki/Frieze" title="Frieze">frieze</a> decoration or Greek vases, with the composition simplified. </p><p>The Neo-Grec school was criticized in many respects; for its attention to historical detail it was said by <a href="/wiki/Baudelaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Baudelaire">Baudelaire</a> "the scholarship is to disguise the absence of imagination", and the subject matter was considered by many as trivial. The painters were also charged with selectively adopting the ancient Greek style, in that they left out noble themes and only focused on trivial daily life—leading to the accusation that they were creating art that supported the ideologies of the <i><a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeoisie</a></i>, or comfortable middle class. </p><p>The discovery in Pompeii also inspired history paintings based on the event, not necessarily strictly in a Neo-Grec style, such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii" title="The Last Day of Pompeii">The Last Day of Pompeii</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Briullov" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Briullov">Karl Briullov</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_-_Jeunes_Grecs_faisant_battre_des_coqs,_1846.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Cock Fight by Jean-Léon Gérôme, 1846"><img alt="The Cock Fight by Jean-Léon Gérôme, 1846" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_-_Jeunes_Grecs_faisant_battre_des_coqs%2C_1846.jpg/200px-Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_-_Jeunes_Grecs_faisant_battre_des_coqs%2C_1846.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_-_Jeunes_Grecs_faisant_battre_des_coqs%2C_1846.jpg/300px-Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_-_Jeunes_Grecs_faisant_battre_des_coqs%2C_1846.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_-_Jeunes_Grecs_faisant_battre_des_coqs%2C_1846.jpg/400px-Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_-_Jeunes_Grecs_faisant_battre_des_coqs%2C_1846.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5200" data-file-height="3619" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cock_Fight" title="The Cock Fight">The Cock Fight</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me" title="Jean-Léon Gérôme">Jean-Léon Gérôme</a>, 1846</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamon_Jean-Louis-Old_China_Shop_(Pompeii).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Old China Shop (Pompeii) by Jean-Louis Hamon, 1860. Hamon was one of the original members of the Neo-Grec group and one of the longest running adapters of the style. Here, Hamon specifically references Pompeii."><img alt="The Old China Shop (Pompeii) by Jean-Louis Hamon, 1860. Hamon was one of the original members of the Neo-Grec group and one of the longest running adapters of the style. Here, Hamon specifically references Pompeii." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Hamon_Jean-Louis-Old_China_Shop_%28Pompeii%29.jpg/162px-Hamon_Jean-Louis-Old_China_Shop_%28Pompeii%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Hamon_Jean-Louis-Old_China_Shop_%28Pompeii%29.jpg/243px-Hamon_Jean-Louis-Old_China_Shop_%28Pompeii%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Hamon_Jean-Louis-Old_China_Shop_%28Pompeii%29.jpg/324px-Hamon_Jean-Louis-Old_China_Shop_%28Pompeii%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Old China Shop (Pompeii)</i> by Jean-Louis Hamon, 1860. Hamon was one of the original members of the Neo-Grec group and one of the longest running adapters of the style. Here, Hamon specifically references Pompeii.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toulmouche_Auguste-Maternal_Love.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maternal Love by Auguste Toulmouche. Toulmouche often associated with the Neo-Grec group and many of his paintings, though not depicting antique subjects, adapted the style to a context that was contemporary, using subjects considered 'bourgeois' in reflecting the daily life of the French middle class."><img alt="Maternal Love by Auguste Toulmouche. Toulmouche often associated with the Neo-Grec group and many of his paintings, though not depicting antique subjects, adapted the style to a context that was contemporary, using subjects considered 'bourgeois' in reflecting the daily life of the French middle class." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Toulmouche_Auguste-Maternal_Love.jpg/200px-Toulmouche_Auguste-Maternal_Love.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Toulmouche_Auguste-Maternal_Love.jpg/300px-Toulmouche_Auguste-Maternal_Love.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Toulmouche_Auguste-Maternal_Love.jpg/400px-Toulmouche_Auguste-Maternal_Love.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Maternal Love</i> by Auguste Toulmouche. Toulmouche often associated with the Neo-Grec group and many of his paintings, though not depicting antique subjects, adapted the style to a context that was contemporary, using subjects considered 'bourgeois' in reflecting the daily life of the French middle class.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Grec&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Neo-Grec vogue even made its way into French <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a> through the works of the composer <a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Erik Satie</a> in a series of pieces called <i><a href="/wiki/Gymnop%C3%A9dies" title="Gymnopédies">Gymnopédies</a></i> – the title is a reference to dances performed by the youths of ancient <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> in honour of <a href="/wiki/Diana_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diana (goddess)">Diana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> at ceremonies commemorating the dead of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_300_Champions" title="Battle of the 300 Champions">Battle of Thyrea</a>. Their archaic melodies float above a modally oriented harmonic basis. The melodies of the <i><a href="/wiki/Gnossiennes" title="Gnossiennes">Gnossiennes</a></i> go further in this direction; they use ancient Greek chromatic mode (A–G flat–F–E–D flat–C–B–A) and an <a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(European_art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabesque (European art)">arabesque</a> ornamentation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Grec&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_parthenon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/31px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/47px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/62px-P_parthenon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Architecture" title="Portal:Architecture">Architecture portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_architectural_styles" title="List of architectural styles">List of architectural styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go%C3%BBt_grec" title="Goût grec">Goût grec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_(style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire (style)">Empire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_architecture" title="Federal architecture">Federal architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1795%E2%80%931820_in_fashion" class="mw-redirect" title="1795–1820 in fashion">Neoclassical influenced fashions</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Grec&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Oxford-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">James Stevens Curl & Susan Wilson, eds., "Néo-Grec," <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture</i> (Oxford University Press, 2015).<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e-KrCQAAQBAJ&q=neo-grec+neo-clasical+style+of+the+second+Empire&pg=PT142">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. Levine, The Romantic Idea of Architectural Legibility Henri Labrouste and the Neo-Grec, in A. Drexler (ed.), <i>The Architecture of the Ecole des Beaux Arts</i>, New York, 1977, pp. 325–416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. Levine, The Romantic Idea of Architectural Legibility Henri Labrouste and the Néo-Grec, in A. Drexler (ed.), <i>The Architecture of the Ecole des Beaux Arts</i>, New York, 1977, p. 332.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doreen Bolger Burke, ed., <i>In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement</i> (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1981), p. 469.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Furness-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Furness_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Furness_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Furness_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Furness_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">George E. Thomas, et al., <i>Frank Furness: The Complete Works</i> (Princeton Architectural Press, 1991, revised 1996).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harpers1877-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harpers1877_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Elizabethan and later English furniture". <i>Harper's New Monthly Magazine</i>. <b>56</b> (331): 18–33. December 1877.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harper%27s+New+Monthly+Magazine&rft.atitle=Elizabethan+and+later+English+furniture&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=331&rft.pages=18-33&rft.date=1877-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeo-Grec" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David A. Hanks, <i>The Quest for Unity: American Art between World's Fairs, 1876–1893</i>. Detroit Institute of Arts. 1983, pp. 263–264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://high.org/collections/dining-table/">Dining Table</a>, from High Museum of Art.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Louis Gallet, <i>Salon de 1865: peinture, sculpture</i>, Paris: Le Bailly, 1863, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1141631/f22">p. 19</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Grec&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ah.bfn.org/a/DCTNRY/doric/index.html">Greek Revival - Buffalo Architecture and History</a> Neo-Grec features and examples from Buffalo</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://store.antiqueroom.com/neogreco.html">Antique Room Neo-Grec furniture</a> furniture gallery</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bradbury.com/victorian/neogrec.html">Bradbury & Bradbury Wallpapers</a> Neo-grec roomset and links to wallpapers showing typical neo-grec patterns</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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Deco">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_Revival_architecture" title="Baroque Revival architecture">Baroque Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Byzantine_architecture" title="Neo-Byzantine architecture">Neo-Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpenter_Gothic" title="Carpenter Gothic">Carpenter Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revival_architecture" title="Egyptian Revival architecture">Egyptian Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_provincial_architecture" title="French provincial architecture">French Provincial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neo-Grec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Revival_architecture" title="Mayan Revival architecture">Mayan Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Revival_architecture" title="Moorish Revival architecture">Moorish Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Classical_architecture" title="New Classical architecture">New Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_architecture" title="Renaissance Revival architecture">Renaissance Revival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauesque" title="Châteauesque">Châteauesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italianate_architecture" title="Italianate architecture">Italianate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_style_architecture" title="Palazzo style architecture">Palazzo style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rococo_Revival" title="Rococo Revival">Rococo Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_Revival_architecture" title="Romanesque Revival architecture">Romanesque Revival</a></li> <li>Second Empire <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_style" title="Second Empire style">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_architecture_in_Europe" title="Second Empire architecture in Europe">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_architecture_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Second Empire architecture in the United States and Canada">North American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial Revival architecture">Spanish Colonial Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_chalet_style" title="Swiss chalet style">Swiss chalet style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture" title="Vernacular architecture">Vernacular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_style" title="Henry II style">Henry II style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_style" title="Henry IV style">Henry IV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_style" title="Louis XIII style">Louis XIII style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_Louis_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Style Louis XIV">Louis XIV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_Louis_XV" class="mw-redirect" title="Style Louis XV">Louis XV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_style" title="Louis XVI style">Louis XVI style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism_in_France" title="Neoclassicism in France">Neoclassicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directoire_style" title="Directoire style">Directoire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_style" title="Empire style">Empire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_style" title="Louis Philippe style">Louis Philippe style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_style" title="Second Empire style">Second Empire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany, Austria-Hungary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biedermeier" title="Biedermeier">Biedermeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnderzeit" title="Gründerzeit">Gründerzeit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugendstil" title="Jugendstil">Jugendstil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Nazi architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resort_architecture" title="Resort architecture">Resort style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundbogenstil" title="Rundbogenstil">Rundbogenstil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Great Britain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_style" title="Adam style">Adamesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Byzantine" title="Bristol Byzantine">Bristol Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwardian_architecture" title="Edwardian architecture">Edwardian Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revival_architecture_in_the_British_Isles" title="Egyptian Revival architecture in the British Isles">Egyptian Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian Revival">Georgian Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Saracenic_architecture" title="Indo-Saracenic architecture">Indo-Saracenic Revival</a> <ul><li>British India</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobethan" title="Jacobethan">Jacobethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Palladian" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Palladian">Neo-Palladian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture" title="Queen Anne style architecture">Queen Anne Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regency_architecture" title="Regency architecture">Regency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_Revival_architecture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Romanesque Revival architecture in the United Kingdom">Romanesque Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_baronial_architecture" title="Scottish baronial architecture">Scottish Baronial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Revival_architecture" title="Tudor Revival architecture">Tudor Revival</a> / <a href="/wiki/Black-and-white_Revival_architecture" title="Black-and-white Revival architecture">Black-and-white Revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Revival_architecture" title="Mycenaean Revival architecture">Mycenaean Revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stile_Umbertino" title="Stile Umbertino">Stile Umbertino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture_in_Milan" title="Neoclassical architecture in Milan">Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_School_(architecture)" title="Traditionalist School (architecture)">Traditionalist School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragestil" title="Dragestil">Dragon style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Romantic_style" title="National Romantic style">National Romantic style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavian_style" title="Gustavian style">Gustavian style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Classicism" title="Nordic Classicism">Nordic Classicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Manueline" title="Neo-Manueline">Neo-Manueline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Mud%C3%A9jar" title="Neo-Mudéjar">Neo-Mudéjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_Portuguese_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft Portuguese style">Soft Portuguese style</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zakopane_Style" title="Zakopane Style">Zakopane Style</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revival_architecture" title="Romanian Revival architecture">Romanian Revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian Empire and USSR</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Byzantine_architecture_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire">Neo-Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_neoclassical_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian neoclassical revival">Neoclassical Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revival_architecture" title="Russian Revival architecture">Russian Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Byzantine_Revival_architecture" title="Serbo-Byzantine Revival architecture">Serbo-Byzantine Revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Mud%C3%A9jar" title="Neo-Mudéjar">Neo-Mudéjar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Renaissance" title="American Renaissance">American Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Gothic" title="Collegiate Gothic">Collegiate Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Colonial Revival architecture">Colonial Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Dutch Colonial Revival architecture">Dutch Colonial Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_architecture" title="Federal architecture">Federal style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco_Deco" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco Deco">Greco Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffersonian_architecture" title="Jeffersonian architecture">Jeffersonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Revival_architecture" title="Mediterranean Revival architecture">Mediterranean Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Revival_architecture" title="Mission Revival architecture">Mission Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revival_architecture" title="Pueblo Revival architecture">Pueblo Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cathedral_style" title="Polish cathedral style">Polish cathedral style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Queen Anne style architecture in the United States">Queen Anne style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richardsonian_Romanesque" title="Richardsonian Romanesque">Richardsonian Romanesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Revival_architecture" title="Territorial Revival architecture">Territorial Revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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