CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: hot gas welding</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: hot gas welding"> <meta name="keywords" content="hot gas welding"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="hot gas welding" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="hot gas welding"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 261</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: hot gas welding</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">81</span> Fatigue Life Estimation of Spiral Welded Waterworks Pipelines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suk%20Woo%20Hong">Suk Woo Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Sung%20Seok"> Chang Sung Seok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae%20Mean%20Koo"> Jae Mean Koo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the welding is widely used in modern industry for joining the structures. However, the waterworks pipes are exposed to the fatigue load by cars, earthquake and etc because of being buried underground. Moreover, the residual stress exists in weld zone by welding process and it is well known that the fatigue life of welded structures is degraded by residual stress. Due to such reasons, the crack can occur in the weld zone of pipeline. In this case, The ground subsidence or sinkhole can occur, if the soil and sand are washed down by fluid leaked from the crack of water pipe. These problems can lead to property damage and endangering lives. For these reasons, the estimation of fatigue characteristics for water pipeline weld zone is needed. Therefore, in this study, for fatigue characteristics estimation of spiral welded waterworks pipe, ASTM standard specimens and Curved Plate specimens were collected from the spiral welded waterworks pipe and the fatigue tests were performed. The S-N curves of each specimen were estimated, and then the fatigue life of weldment Curved Plate specimen was predicted by theoretical and analytical methods. After that, the weldment Curved Plate specimens were collected from the pipe and verification fatigue tests were performed. Finally, it was verified that the predicted S-N curve of weldment Curved Plate specimen was good agreement with fatigue test data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spiral%20welded%20pipe" title="spiral welded pipe">spiral welded pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction%20fatigue%20life" title=" prediction fatigue life"> prediction fatigue life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endurance%20limit%20modifying%20factors" title=" endurance limit modifying factors"> endurance limit modifying factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20stress" title=" residual stress"> residual stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51759/fatigue-life-estimation-of-spiral-welded-waterworks-pipelines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">80</span> High-Temperature Corrosion of Weldment of Fe-2%Mn-0.5%Si Steel in N2/H2O/H2S-Mixed Gas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Hwan%20Bak">Sang Hwan Bak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Jung%20Kim"> Min Jung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Bok%20Lee"> Dong Bok Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fe-2%Mn-0.5%Si-0.2C steel was welded and corroded at 600, 700 and 800oC for 20 h in 1 atm of N2/H2S/H2O-mixed gas in order to characterize the high-temperature corrosion behavior of the welded joint. Corrosion proceeded fast and almost linearly. It increased with an increase in the corrosion temperature. H2S formed FeS owing to sulfur released from H2S. The scales were fragile and nonadherent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe-Mn-Si%20steel" title="Fe-Mn-Si steel">Fe-Mn-Si steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welding" title=" welding"> welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfidation" title=" sulfidation"> sulfidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H2S%20gas" title=" H2S gas"> H2S gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45776/high-temperature-corrosion-of-weldment-of-fe-2mn-05si-steel-in-n2h2oh2s-mixed-gas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">79</span> Explosive Clad Metals for Geothermal Energy Recovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heather%20Mroz">Heather Mroz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Geothermal fluids can provide a nearly unlimited source of renewable energy but are often highly corrosive due to dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), Ammonia (NH3) and chloride ions. The corrosive environment drives material selection for many components, including piping, heat exchangers and pressure vessels, to higher alloys of stainless steel, nickel-based alloys and titanium. The use of these alloys is cost-prohibitive and does not offer the pressure rating of carbon steel. One solution, explosion cladding, has been proven to reduce the capital cost of the geothermal equipment while retaining the mechanical and corrosion properties of both the base metal and the cladded surface metal. Explosion cladding is a solid-state welding process that uses precision explosions to bond two dissimilar metals while retaining the mechanical, electrical and corrosion properties. The process is commonly used to clad steel with a thin layer of corrosion-resistant alloy metal, such as stainless steel, brass, nickel, silver, titanium, or zirconium. Additionally, explosion welding can join a wider array of compatible and non-compatible metals with more than 260 metal combinations possible. The explosion weld is achieved in milliseconds; therefore, no bulk heating occurs, and the metals experience no dilution. By adhering to a strict set of manufacturing requirements, both the shear strength and tensile strength of the bond will exceed the strength of the weaker metal, ensuring the reliability of the bond. For over 50 years, explosion cladding has been used in the oil and gas and chemical processing industries and has provided significant economic benefit in reduced maintenance and lower capital costs over solid construction. The focus of this paper will be on the many benefits of the use of explosion clad in process equipment instead of more expensive solid alloy construction. The method of clad-plate production with explosion welding as well as the methods employed to ensure sound bonding of the metals. It will also include the origins of explosion cladding as well as recent technological developments. Traditionally explosion clad plate was formed into vessels, tube sheets and heads but recent advances include explosion welded piping. The final portion of the paper will give examples of the use of explosion-clad metals in geothermal energy recovery. The classes of materials used for geothermal brine will be discussed, including stainless steels, nickel alloys and titanium. These examples will include heat exchangers (tube sheets), high pressure and horizontal separators, standard pressure crystallizers, piping and well casings. It is important to educate engineers and designers on material options as they develop equipment for geothermal resources. Explosion cladding is a niche technology that can be successful in many situations, like geothermal energy recovery, where high temperature, high pressure and corrosive environments are typical. Applications for explosion clad metals include vessel and heat exchanger components as well as piping. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clad%20metal" title="clad metal">clad metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explosion%20welding" title=" explosion welding"> explosion welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separator%20material" title=" separator material"> separator material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well%20casing%20material" title=" well casing material"> well casing material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piping%20material" title=" piping material"> piping material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141940/explosive-clad-metals-for-geothermal-energy-recovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">78</span> Parameter Optimization and Thermal Simulation in Laser Joining of Coach Peel Panels of Dissimilar Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Mohammadpour">Masoud Mohammadpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blair%20Carlson"> Blair Carlson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radovan%20Kovacevic"> Radovan Kovacevic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The quality of laser welded-brazed (LWB) joints were strongly dependent on the main process parameters, therefore the effect of laser power (3.2–4 kW), welding speed (60–80 mm/s) and wire feed rate (70–90 mm/s) on mechanical strength and surface roughness were investigated in this study. The comprehensive optimization process by means of response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability function was used for multi-criteria optimization. The experiments were planned based on Box– Behnken design implementing linear and quadratic polynomial equations for predicting the desired output properties. Finally, validation experiments were conducted on an optimized process condition which exhibited good agreement between the predicted and experimental results. AlSi3Mn1 was selected as the filler material for joining aluminum alloy 6022 and hot-dip galvanized steel in coach peel configuration. The high scanning speed could control the thickness of IMC as thin as 5 µm. The thermal simulations of joining process were conducted by the Finite Element Method (FEM), and results were validated through experimental data. The Fe/Al interfacial thermal history evidenced that the duration of critical temperature range (700–900 °C) in this high scanning speed process was less than 1 s. This short interaction time leads to the formation of reaction-control IMC layer instead of diffusion-control mechanisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20welding-brazing" title="laser welding-brazing">laser welding-brazing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title=" finite element"> finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology%20%28RSM%29" title=" response surface methodology (RSM)"> response surface methodology (RSM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-response%20optimization" title=" multi-response optimization"> multi-response optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-beam%20laser" title=" cross-beam laser"> cross-beam laser</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82651/parameter-optimization-and-thermal-simulation-in-laser-joining-of-coach-peel-panels-of-dissimilar-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82651.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">77</span> A Thermo-mechanical Finite Element Model to Predict Thermal Cycles and Residual Stresses in Directed Energy Deposition Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edison%20A.%20Bonifaz">Edison A. Bonifaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, a numerical procedure is proposed to design dense multi-material structures using the Directed Energy Deposition (DED) process. A thermo-mechanical finite element model to predict thermal cycles and residual stresses is presented. A numerical layer build-up procedure coupled with a moving heat flux was constructed to minimize strains and residual stresses that result in the multi-layer deposition of an AISI 316 austenitic steel on an AISI 304 austenitic steel substrate. To simulate the DED process, the automated interface of the ABAQUS AM module was used to define element activation and heat input event data as a function of time and position. Of this manner, the construction of ABAQUS user-defined subroutines was not necessary. Thermal cycles and thermally induced stresses created during the multi-layer deposition metal AM pool crystallization were predicted and validated. Results were analyzed in three independent metal layers of three different experiments. The one-way heat and material deposition toolpath used in the analysis was created with a MatLab path script. An optimal combination of feedstock and heat input printing parameters suitable for fabricating multi-material dense structures in the directed energy deposition metal AM process was established. At constant power, it can be concluded that the lower the heat input, the lower the peak temperatures and residual stresses. It means that from a design point of view, the one-way heat and material deposition processing toolpath with the higher welding speed should be selected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=event%20series" title="event series">event series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20cycles" title=" thermal cycles"> thermal cycles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20stresses" title=" residual stresses"> residual stresses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-pass%20welding" title=" multi-pass welding"> multi-pass welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abaqus%20am%20modeler" title=" abaqus am modeler"> abaqus am modeler</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171297/a-thermo-mechanical-finite-element-model-to-predict-thermal-cycles-and-residual-stresses-in-directed-energy-deposition-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Failure Analysis of Pipe System at a Hydroelectric Power Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20G%C3%B6ksenli">Ali Göksenli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barlas%20Ery%C3%BCrek"> Barlas Eryürek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, failure analysis of pipe system at a micro hydroelectric power plant is investigated. Failure occurred at the pipe system in the powerhouse during shut down operation of the water flow by a valve. This locking had caused a sudden shock wave, also called “Water-hammer effect”, resulting in noise and inside pressure increase. After visual investigation of the effect of the shock wave on the system, a circumference crack was observed at the pipe flange weld region. To establish the reason for crack formation, calculations of pressure and stress values at pipe, flange and welding seams were carried out and concluded that safety factor was high (2.2), indicating that no faulty design existed. By further analysis, pipe system and hydroelectric power plant was examined. After observations it is determined that the plant did not include a ventilation nozzle (air trap), that prevents the system of sudden pressure increase inside the pipes which is caused by water-hammer effect. Analyses were carried out to identify the influence of water-hammer effect on inside pressure increase and it was concluded that, according Jowkowsky’s equation, shut down time is effective on inside pressure increase. The valve closing time was uncertain but by a shut down time of even one minute, inside pressure would increase by 7.6 bar (working pressure was 34.6 bar). Detailed investigations were also carried out on the assembly of the pipe-flange system by considering technical drawings. It was concluded that the pipe-flange system was not installed according to the instructions. Two of five weld seams were not applied and one weld was carried out faulty. This incorrect and inadequate weld seams resulted in; insufficient connection of the pipe to the flange constituting a strong notch effect at weld seam regions, increase in stress values and the decrease of strength and safety factor <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20analysis" title="failure analysis">failure analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroelectric%20plant" title=" hydroelectric plant"> hydroelectric plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack" title=" crack"> crack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20wave" title=" shock wave"> shock wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welding%20seam" title=" welding seam"> welding seam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35659/failure-analysis-of-pipe-system-at-a-hydroelectric-power-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> Comparison of Mechanical Property of UNS C12200Joints Brazed by (Cu&Ag) Based Filler Metals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Elhatmi">Ali Elhatmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Elshbo"> Mustafa Elshbo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussin%20Alosta"> Hussin Alosta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study the coper tube witch used in medical applications was brazed by Copper, Zink and Silver alloys, using BCuP2, RBCuZnAl and BAg2 filler metals. The sample of the medical tubes was chemically analyzed and the result matches the British standard. Tensile and hardness tests were carried out for brazed joints, and the tensile test results show that the BCuP2 has the hardest and the filler metal RBCuZnAl has the highest tensile strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welding" title="welding">welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brazing" title=" Brazing"> Brazing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Copper%20tubes" title=" Copper tubes"> Copper tubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joints" title=" Joints"> Joints</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92026/comparison-of-mechanical-property-of-uns-c12200joints-brazed-by-cuag-based-filler-metals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92026.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> Design of a 4-DOF Robot Manipulator with Optimized Algorithm for Inverse Kinematics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20G%C3%B3mez">S. Gómez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20S%C3%A1nchez"> G. Sánchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Zarama"> J. Zarama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Casta%C3%B1eda%20Ramos"> M. Castañeda Ramos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Escoto%20Alc%C3%A1ntar"> J. Escoto Alcántar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Torres"> J. Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez"> A. Núñez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Santana"> S. Santana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20%20N%C3%A1jera"> F. Nájera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20Lopez"> J. A. Lopez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper shows in detail the mathematical model of direct and inverse kinematics for a robot manipulator (welding type) with four degrees of freedom. Using the D-H parameters, screw theory, numerical, geometric and interpolation methods, the theoretical and practical values of the position of robot were determined using an optimized algorithm for inverse kinematics obtaining the values of the particular joints in order to determine the virtual paths in a relatively short time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinematics" title="kinematics">kinematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20freedom" title=" degree of freedom"> degree of freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robot%20manipulator" title=" robot manipulator"> robot manipulator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24981/design-of-a-4-dof-robot-manipulator-with-optimized-algorithm-for-inverse-kinematics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> A Current Problem for Steel Bridges: Fatigue Assessment of Seams´ Repair</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Pasternak">H. Pasternak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Chwastek"> A. Chwastek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper describes the results from a research project about repair of welds. The repair was carried out by grinding the flawed seams and re-welding them. The main task was to determine the FAT classes of original state and after repair of seams according to the assessment procedures, such as nominal, structural and effective notch stress approach. The first part shows the results of the tests, the second part encloses numerical analysis and evaluation of results to determine the fatigue strength classes according to three assessment procedures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20loading" title="cyclic loading">cyclic loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20crack" title=" fatigue crack"> fatigue crack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-weld%20treatment" title=" post-weld treatment"> post-weld treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seams%E2%80%99%20repair" title=" seams’ repair"> seams’ repair</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50359/a-current-problem-for-steel-bridges-fatigue-assessment-of-seams-repair" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> Restoration of Railway Turnout Frog with FCAW</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Sergejevs">D. Sergejevs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tipainis"> A. Tipainis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Gavrilovs"> P. Gavrilovs </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Railway turnout frogs restored with MMA often have such defects as infusions, pores, a.o., which under the influence of dynamic forces cause premature destruction of the restored surfaces. To prolong the operational time of turnout frog, i.e. operational time of the restored surface, turnout frog was restored using FCAW and afterwards matallographic examination was performed. Experimental study revealed that railway turnout frog restored with FCAW had better quality than elements restored with MMA, furthermore it provided considerable time economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elements%20of%20railway%20turnout" title="elements of railway turnout">elements of railway turnout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FCAW" title=" FCAW"> FCAW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metallographic%20examination" title=" metallographic examination"> metallographic examination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20build-up%20welding" title=" quality of build-up welding"> quality of build-up welding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24375/restoration-of-railway-turnout-frog-with-fcaw" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">643</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Simulation 2D of Flare Steel Tubes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Daheche">B. Daheche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20T.%20Hannachi"> M. T. Hannachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Djebaili"> H. Djebaili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this approach, we tried to describe the flare test tubes welded by high frequency induction HF, and its experimental application. The test is carried out ENTTPP (National company of pipe mill and processing of flat products). Usually, the final products (tube) undergo a series of destructive testing (CD) in order to see the efficiency of welding. This test performed on sections of pipe with a length defined in the notice is made under a determined effort (pressure), which depends on its share of other parameters namely mechanical (fracture resistance) and geometry (thickness tube, outside diameter), the variation of this effort is well researched and recorded. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flare" title="flare">flare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=destructive%20testing" title=" destructive testing"> destructive testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure" title=" pressure"> pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drafts%20tube" title=" drafts tube"> drafts tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tube%20finished" title=" tube finished"> tube finished</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31487/simulation-2d-of-flare-steel-tubes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Study of Drawing Characteristics due to Friction between the Materials by FEM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won%20Jin%20Ryu">Won Jin Ryu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mok%20Tan%20Ahn"> Mok Tan Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeok%20Choi"> Hyeok Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joon%20Hong%20Park"> Joon Hong Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Min%20Kim"> Sung Min Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Bae%20Park"> Jong Bae Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pipes for offshore plants require specifications that satisfy both high strength and high corrosion resistance. Therefore, currently, clad pipes are used in offshore plants. Clad pipes can be made using either overlay welding or clad plates. The present study was intended to figure out the effects of friction between two materials, which is a factor that affects two materials, were figured out using FEM to make clad pipes through heterogenous material drawing instead of the two methods mentioned above. Therefore, FEM has conducted while all other variables that the variable friction was fixed. The experimental results showed increases in pullout force along with increases in the friction in the boundary layer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clad%20pipe" title="clad pipe">clad pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction" title=" friction"> friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pullout%20force" title=" pullout force"> pullout force</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60654/study-of-drawing-characteristics-due-to-friction-between-the-materials-by-fem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Analysis of Control by Flattening of the Welded Tubes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannachi%20Med%20Tahar">Hannachi Med Tahar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Djebaili"> H. Djebaili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Daheche"> B. Daheche </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this approach, we have tried to describe the flattening of welded tubes, and its experimental application. The test is carried out at the (National product processing company dishes and tubes production). Usually, the final products (tubes) undergo a series of non-destructive inspection online and offline welding, and obviously destructive mechanical testing (bending, flattening, flaring, etc.). For this and for the purpose of implementing the flattening test, which applies to the processing of round tubes in other forms, it took four sections of welded tubes draft (before stretching hot) and welded tubes finished (after drawing hot and annealing), it was also noted the report 'health' flattened tubes must not show or crack or tear. The test is considered poor if it reveals a lack of ductility of the metal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flattening" title="flattening">flattening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=destructive%20testing" title=" destructive testing"> destructive testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tube%20drafts" title=" tube drafts"> tube drafts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finished%20tube" title=" finished tube"> finished tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Castem%202001" title=" Castem 2001"> Castem 2001</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31484/analysis-of-control-by-flattening-of-the-welded-tubes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> The Porsche Pavilion in Wolfsburg, Germany</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Pasternak">H. Pasternak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Krausche"> T. Krausche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Porsche Pavilion is an innovative stainless steel construction using the principle, often used in ship and car design, as an advantage for building a light but stiff structure. The Pavilion is a one of a kind and outstanding construction that you can find. It fits right in the existing parts of the Autostadt within the lagoon landscape and was built in only eight months. With its curving lines and exiting bends the structure is an extraordinary work which was designed by Henn architects, Munich. The monocoque has a good balance between material and support structure. The stiffness is achieved by the upper and lower side sheathing plates and the intermediate formers. Also the roof shell has no joints and a smooth surface. The assembling of the structure requires a large time and effort cost due to many welds which are necessary to connect all section to one large shell. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20welding" title="construction welding">construction welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exhibition%20building" title=" exhibition building"> exhibition building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20steel%20construction" title=" light steel construction"> light steel construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monocoque" title=" monocoque"> monocoque</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2818/the-porsche-pavilion-in-wolfsburg-germany" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Innovation and Analysis of Vibrating Fork Level Switch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuen-Ming%20Shu">Kuen-Ming Shu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Yu%20Chen"> Cheng-Yu Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A vibrating-fork sensor can measure the level height of solids and liquids and operates according to the principle that vibrations created by piezoelectric ceramics are transmitted to the vibrating fork, which produces resonance. When the vibrating fork touches an object, its resonance frequency changes and produces a signal that returns to a controller for immediate adjustment, so as to effectively monitor raw material loading. The design of the vibrating fork in a vibrating-fork material sensor is crucial. In this paper, ANSYS finite element analysis software is used to perform modal analysis on the vibrations of the vibrating fork. In addition, to design and produce a superior vibrating fork, the dimensions and welding shape of the vibrating fork are compared in a simulation performed using the Taguchi method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrating%20fork" title="vibrating fork">vibrating fork</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric%20ceramics" title=" piezoelectric ceramics"> piezoelectric ceramics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound%20wave" title=" sound wave"> sound wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS" title=" ANSYS"> ANSYS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%20method" title=" Taguchi method"> Taguchi method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20analysis" title=" modal analysis"> modal analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53461/innovation-and-analysis-of-vibrating-fork-level-switch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> The Strength and Metallography of a Bimetallic Friction Stir Bonded Joint between AA6061 and High Hardness Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20E.%20Miller">Richard E. Miller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 12.7-mm thick plates of 6061-T6511 aluminum alloy and high hardness steel (528 HV) were successfully joined by a friction stir bonding process using a tungsten-rhenium stir tool. Process parameter variation experiments, which included tool design geometry, plunge and traverse rates, tool offset, spindle tilt, and rotation speed, were conducted to develop a parameter set which yielded a defect free joint. Laboratory tensile tests exhibited yield stresses which exceed the strengths of comparable AA6061-to-AA6061 fusion and friction stir weld joints. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis also show atomic diffusion at the material interface region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissimilar%20materials" title="dissimilar materials">dissimilar materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20stir" title=" friction stir"> friction stir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welding" title=" welding"> welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=materials%20science" title=" materials science"> materials science</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7198/the-strength-and-metallography-of-a-bimetallic-friction-stir-bonded-joint-between-aa6061-and-high-hardness-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Comparison of Different Methods of Evaluating Nozzle Junction Stresses under External Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20Kumar">Vinod Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Kumar"> Arun Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surjit%20Angra"> Surjit Angra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper addresses the junction stress analysis of orthogonally intersecting thin walled cylindrical shell and thin walled cylindrical nozzle subjected to external loading on nozzle. Junction stresses have been calculated theoretically by welding research council (WRC) bulletins 107 and 297 for different nozzle loads. WRC bulletins 107 and 297 have been used by design engineers for calculating nozzle-vessel junction stresses since their publication. They give simple empirical relations and easy in application. Also 3D FEA in which material is elastic has been done in ANSYS software with 8 node solid element model and results of FEA have been compared with WRC results. Stress intensities obtained by WRC 297 are generally slightly higher than obtained by WRC 107. Membrane stresses obtained by FEA are much higher than WRC and membrane plus bending stresses obtained by FEA are lower than WRC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEA" title="FEA">FEA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=junction%20stress" title=" junction stress"> junction stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20element" title=" solid element"> solid element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WRC%20107" title=" WRC 107"> WRC 107</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WRC%20297" title=" WRC 297"> WRC 297</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4917/comparison-of-different-methods-of-evaluating-nozzle-junction-stresses-under-external-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">580</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> A Study of the Weld Properties of Inconel 625 Based on Nb Content</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JongWon%20Han">JongWon Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NoHoon%20Kim"> NoHoon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HyoIk%20Ahn"> HyoIk Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HaeWoo%20Lee"> HaeWoo Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, shielded metal arc welding was performed as a function of Nb content at 2.24 wt%, 3.25 wt%, and 4.26 wt%. The microstructure was observed using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and showed the development of a columnar dendrite structure in the specimen having the least Nb content. From the hardness test, the hardness value was confirmed to reduce with decreasing Nb content. From electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis, the largest grain size was found in the specimen with Nb content of 2.24 wt%. The potentiodynamic polarization test was carried out to determine the pitting corrosion resistance; there was no significant difference in the pitting corrosion resistance with increasing Nb content. To evaluate the degree of sensitization to intergranular corrosion, the Double Loop Electrochemical Potentiodynamic Reactivation(DL-EPR test) was conducted. A similar degree of sensitization was found in two specimens except with a Nb content of 2.24 wt%, while a relatively high degree of sensitization was found in the specimen with a Nb content of 2.24 wt%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inconel%20625" title="inconel 625">inconel 625</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nb%20content" title=" Nb content"> Nb content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potentiodynamic%20test" title=" potentiodynamic test"> potentiodynamic test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DL-EPR%20test" title=" DL-EPR test"> DL-EPR test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85849/a-study-of-the-weld-properties-of-inconel-625-based-on-nb-content" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Simulation of Welded Steel Tube Subjected to Internal Pressure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Zedira">H. Zedira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20T.%20Hannachi"> M. T. Hannachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Djebaili"> H. Djebaili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Daheche"> B. Daheche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapid pace of technology development and strong competition in the market, prompted us to consider the field of manufacturing of steel pipes by a process complies fully with the requirements of industrial induction welding is high frequency (HF), this technique is better known today in Algeria, more precisely for the manufacture of tubes diameters Single Annabib TG Tebessa. The aim of our study is based on the characterization of processes controlling the mechanical behavior of steel pipes (type E24-2), welded by high frequency induction, considering the different tests and among the most destructive known test internal pressure. The internal pressure test is performed according to the application area of welded pipes, or as leak test, either as a test of strength (bursting). All tubes are subjected to a hydraulic test pressure of 50 bar kept at room temperature for a period of 6 seconds. This study provides information that helps optimize the design and implementation to predict the behavior of the tubes during operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=castem" title="castem">castem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure" title=" pressure"> pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tubes" title=" tubes"> tubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness" title=" thickness"> thickness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32936/simulation-of-welded-steel-tube-subjected-to-internal-pressure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Study the Effect of Sensitization on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Gas Tungsten Arc Welded AISI 304 Stainless Steel Joints</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viranshu%20Kumar">Viranshu Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hitesh%20Arora"> Hitesh Arora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Joshi"> Pradeep Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> SS 304 is Austenitic stainless steel with Chromium and Nickel as basic constituents. It has excellent corrosion resistance properties and very good weldability. Austenitic stainless steels have superior mechanical properties at high temperatures and are used extensively in a range of applications. SS 304L has wide applications in various industries viz. Nuclear, Pharmaceutical, marine, chemical etc. due to its excellent applications and ease of joining this material has become very popular for fabrication as well as weld surfacing. Austenitic stainless steels have a tendency to form chromium depleted zones at the grain boundaries during welding and heat treatment, where chromium combines with available carbon in the vicinity of the grain boundaries, to produce an area depleted in chromium, and thus becomes susceptible to intergranular corrosion. This phenomenon is known as sensitization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitization" title="sensitization">sensitization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SS%20304" title=" SS 304"> SS 304</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GTAW" title=" GTAW"> GTAW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbideprecipitationHAZ" title=" carbideprecipitationHAZ"> carbideprecipitationHAZ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20hardness" title=" micro hardness"> micro hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21758/study-the-effect-of-sensitization-on-the-microstructure-and-mechanical-properties-of-gas-tungsten-arc-welded-aisi-304-stainless-steel-joints" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> The Influence of Fiber Fillers on the Bonding Safety of Structural Adhesives: A Fracture Analytical Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brandtner-Hafner%20Martin">Brandtner-Hafner Martin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adhesives have established themselves as an innovative joining technology in the industry. Their strengths lie in joining different materials, avoiding structural weakening as in welding or screwing, and enabling lightweight construction methods. Now there are a variety of ways to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of bonded joints. One way is to add fiber fillers. This leads to an improvement in adhesion and cohesion (structural integrity). In this study, the effectiveness of fiber-modified adhesives for bonding different construction materials is reviewed. A series of experimental tests were performed using the fracture analytical GF principle to study the adhesive bonding safety and performance of the joint. Three different structural adhesive systems based on epoxy, CA/A hybrid, and PUR were modified with different fiber materials on different substrates. The results show that significant performance improvements can be achieved and that bonding reliability can be sustainably increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber-modified%20adhesives" title="fiber-modified adhesives">fiber-modified adhesives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bonding%20safety" title=" bonding safety"> bonding safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GF-principle" title=" GF-principle"> GF-principle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20analysis" title=" fracture analysis"> fracture analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137880/the-influence-of-fiber-fillers-on-the-bonding-safety-of-structural-adhesives-a-fracture-analytical-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Influence of Post Weld Heat Treatment on Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of TIG Welded Aluminium Alloy Joints</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurmeet%20Singh%20Cheema">Gurmeet Singh Cheema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navjotinder%20Singh"> Navjotinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurjinder%20Singh"> Gurjinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amardeep%20Singh"> Amardeep Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aluminium and its alloys play have excellent corrosion resistant properties, ease of fabrication and high specific strength to weight ratio. In this investigation an attempt has been made to study the effect of different post weld heat treatment methods on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of TIG welded joints of the commercial aluminium alloy. Three different methods of post weld heat treatments are, solution heat treatment, artificial aged and combination of solution heat treatment and artificial aging are given to TIG welded aluminium joints. Mechanical and metallurgical properties of as welded and post weld treated joints of the aluminium alloys was examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium%20alloys" title="aluminium alloys">aluminium alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TIG%20welding" title=" TIG welding"> TIG welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post%20weld%20heat%20treatment" title=" post weld heat treatment"> post weld heat treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14625/influence-of-post-weld-heat-treatment-on-mechanical-and-metallurgical-properties-of-tig-welded-aluminium-alloy-joints" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">575</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Simulations of High-Intensity, Thermionic Electron Guns for Electron Beam Thermal Processing Including Effects of Space Charge Compensation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Hinrichs">O. Hinrichs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Franz"> H. Franz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Reiter"> G. Reiter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electron guns have a key function in a series of thermal processes, like EB (electron beam) melting, evaporation or welding. These techniques need a high-intensity continuous electron beam that defocuses itself due to high space charge forces. A proper beam transport throughout the magnetic focusing system can be ensured by a space charge compensation via residual gas ions. The different pressure stages in the EB gun cause various degrees of compensation. A numerical model was installed to simulate realistic charge distributions within the beam by using CST-Particle Studio code. We will present current status of beam dynamic simulations. This contribution will focus on the creation of space charge ions and their influence on beam and gun components. Furthermore, the beam transport in the gun will be shown for different beam parameters. The electron source allows to produce beams with currents of 3 A to 15 A and energies of 40 keV to 45 keV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20dynamic%20simulation" title="beam dynamic simulation">beam dynamic simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20charge%20compensation" title=" space charge compensation"> space charge compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermionic%20electron%20source" title=" thermionic electron source"> thermionic electron source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EB%20melting" title=" EB melting"> EB melting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EB%20thermal%20processing" title=" EB thermal processing "> EB thermal processing </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106185/simulations-of-high-intensity-thermionic-electron-guns-for-electron-beam-thermal-processing-including-effects-of-space-charge-compensation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> The Design of Acoustic Horns for Ultrasonic Aided Tube Double Side Flange Making</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuen-Ming%20Shu">Kuen-Ming Shu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyun-Wei%20Chen"> Jyun-Wei Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Encapsulated O-rings are specifically designed to address the problem of sealing the most hostile chemicals and extreme temperature applications. Ultrasonic vibration hot embossing and ultrasonic welding techniques provide a fast and reliable method to fabricate encapsulated O-ring. This paper performs the design and analysis method of the acoustic horns with double extrusion to process tube double side flange simultaneously. The paper deals with study through Finite Element Method (FEM) of ultrasonic stepped horn used to process a capsulated O-ring, the theoretical dimensions of horns, and their natural frequencies and amplitudes are obtained through the simulations of COMOSOL software. Furthermore, real horns were fabricated, tested and verified to proof the practical utility of these horns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encapsulated%20O-rings" title="encapsulated O-rings">encapsulated O-rings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20vibration%20hot%20embossing" title=" ultrasonic vibration hot embossing"> ultrasonic vibration hot embossing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flange%20making" title=" flange making"> flange making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20horn" title=" acoustic horn"> acoustic horn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31506/the-design-of-acoustic-horns-for-ultrasonic-aided-tube-double-side-flange-making" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Process Optimisation for Internal Cylindrical Rough Turning of Nickel Alloy 625 Weld Overlay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lydia%20Chan">Lydia Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islam%20Shyha"> Islam Shyha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dale%20Dreyer"> Dale Dreyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Hamilton"> John Hamilton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phil%20Hackney"> Phil Hackney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nickel-based superalloys are generally known to be difficult to cut due to their strength, low thermal conductivity, and high work hardening tendency. Superalloy such as alloy 625 is often used in the oil and gas industry as a surfacing material to provide wear and corrosion resistance to components. The material is typically applied onto a metallic substrate through weld overlay cladding, an arc welding technique. Cladded surfaces are always rugged and carry a tough skin; this creates further difficulties to the machining process. The present work utilised design of experiment to optimise the internal cylindrical rough turning for weld overlay surfaces. An L27 orthogonal array was used to assess effects of the four selected key process variables: cutting insert, depth of cut, feed rate, and cutting speed. The optimal cutting conditions were determined based on productivity and the level of tool wear. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cylindrical%20turning" title="cylindrical turning">cylindrical turning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20superalloy" title=" nickel superalloy"> nickel superalloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turning%20of%20overlay" title=" turning of overlay"> turning of overlay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weld%20overlay" title=" weld overlay"> weld overlay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68773/process-optimisation-for-internal-cylindrical-rough-turning-of-nickel-alloy-625-weld-overlay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Tribological Study of TiC Powder Cladding on 6061 Aluminum Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Ching%20Lin">Yuan-Ching Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sin-Yu%20Chen"> Sin-Yu Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pei-Yu%20Wu"> Pei-Yu Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study reports the improvement in the wear performance of A6061 aluminum alloy clad with mixed powders of titanium carbide (TiC), copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) method. The wear performance of the A6061 clad layers was evaluated by performing pin-on-disc mode wear test. Experimental results clearly indicate an enhancement in the hardness of the clad layer by about two times that of the A6061 substrate without cladding. Wear test demonstrated a significant improvement in the wear performance of the clad layer when compared with the A6061 substrate without cladding. Moreover, the interface between the clad layer and the A6061 substrate exhibited superior metallurgical bonding. Due to this bonding, the clad layer did not spall during the wear test; as such, massive wear loss was prevented. Additionally, massive oxidized particulate debris was generated on the worn surface during the wear test; this resulted in three-body abrasive wear and reduced the wear behavior of the clad surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GTAW%E3%80%81A6061%20aluminum%20alloy" title="GTAW、A6061 aluminum alloy">GTAW、A6061 aluminum alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E3%80%81surface%20modification" title="、surface modification">、surface modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribological%20study" title=" tribological study"> tribological study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiC%20powder%20cladding" title=" TiC powder cladding"> TiC powder cladding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25409/tribological-study-of-tic-powder-cladding-on-6061-aluminum-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> A Solution for Production Facility Assignment: An Automotive Subcontract Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cihan%20%C3%87etinkaya">Cihan Çetinkaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eren%20%C3%96zceylan"> Eren Özceylan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kerem%20Elibal"> Kerem Elibal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a solution method for selection of production facility. The motivation has been taken from a real life case, an automotive subcontractor which has two production facilities at different cities and parts. The problem is to decide which part(s) should be produced at which facility. To the best of our knowledge, until this study, there was no scientific approach about this problem at the firm and decisions were being given intuitively. In this study, some logistic cost parameters have been defined and with these parameters a mathematical model has been constructed. Defined and collected cost parameters are handling cost of parts, shipment cost of parts and shipment cost of welding fixtures. Constructed multi-objective mathematical model aims to minimize these costs while aims to balance the workload between two locations. Results showed that defined model can give optimum solutions in reasonable computing times. Also, this result gave encouragement to develop the model with addition of new logistic cost parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automotive%20subcontract" title="automotive subcontract">automotive subcontract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facility%20assignment" title=" facility assignment"> facility assignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20costs" title=" logistic costs"> logistic costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-objective%20models" title=" multi-objective models"> multi-objective models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68574/a-solution-for-production-facility-assignment-an-automotive-subcontract-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> The Determination of the Potassium Nitrate, Sodium Hydroxide and Boric Acid Molar Ratio in the Synthesis of Potassium Borates via Hydrothermal Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yildirim">M. Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20T.%20Senberber"> F. T. Senberber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20O.%20Asensio"> M. O. Asensio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20M.%20Derun"> E. M. Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Potassium borates, which are widely used in welding and metal refining industry, as a lubricating oil additive, cement additive, fiberglass additive and insulation compound, are one of the important groups of borate minerals. In this study the production of a potassium borate mineral via hydrothermal method is aimed. The potassium source of potassium nitrate (KNO3) was used along with a sodium source of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and boron source of boric acid (H3BO3). The constant parameters of reaction temperature and reaction time were determined as 80°C and 1 h, respectively. The molar ratios of 1:1:3 (as KNO3:NaOH:H3BO3), 1:1:4, 1:1:5, 1:1:6 and 1:1:7 were used. Following the synthesis the identifications of the produced products were conducted by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results of the experiments and analysis showed in the ratio of 1:1:6, the Santite mineral with powder diffraction file number (pdf no.) of 01-072-1688, which is known as potassium pentaborate (KB5O8•4H2O) was synthesized as best. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrothermal%20synthesis" title="hydrothermal synthesis">hydrothermal synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20borate" title=" potassium borate"> potassium borate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20nitrate" title=" potassium nitrate"> potassium nitrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=santite" title=" santite"> santite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25561/the-determination-of-the-potassium-nitrate-sodium-hydroxide-and-boric-acid-molar-ratio-in-the-synthesis-of-potassium-borates-via-hydrothermal-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> A New Approach towards the Development of Next Generation CNC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusri%20Yusof">Yusri Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Latif"> Kamran Latif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Computer Numeric Control (CNC) machine has been widely used in the industries since its inception. Currently, in CNC technology has been used for various operations like milling, drilling, packing and welding etc. with the rapid growth in the manufacturing world the demand of flexibility in the CNC machines has rapidly increased. Previously, the commercial CNC failed to provide flexibility because its structure was of closed nature that does not provide access to the inner features of CNC. Also CNC’s operating ISO data interface model was found to be limited. Therefore, to overcome that problem, Open Architecture Control (OAC) technology and STEP-NC data interface model are introduced. At present the Personal Computer (PC) has been the best platform for the development of open-CNC systems. In this paper, both ISO data interface model interpretation, its verification and execution has been highlighted with the introduction of the new techniques. The proposed is composed of ISO data interpretation, 3D simulation and machine motion control modules. The system is tested on an old 3 axis CNC milling machine. The results are found to be satisfactory in performance. This implementation has successfully enabled sustainable manufacturing environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNC" title="CNC">CNC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%206983" title=" ISO 6983"> ISO 6983</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%2014649" title=" ISO 14649"> ISO 14649</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LabVIEW" title=" LabVIEW"> LabVIEW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20architecture%20control" title=" open architecture control"> open architecture control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable%20manufacturing%20systems" title=" reconfigurable manufacturing systems"> reconfigurable manufacturing systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20manufacturing" title=" sustainable manufacturing"> sustainable manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soft-CNC" title=" Soft-CNC"> Soft-CNC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28745/a-new-approach-towards-the-development-of-next-generation-cnc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> The Pangs of Unemployment and Its Impediment to Nation Building</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitalis%20Okwuchukwu%20Opara">Vitalis Okwuchukwu Opara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The task of nation building primarily consist in welding together, diverse cultural groups into a united nation state, which develops a centripetal political culture that makes its people see themselves as members of one nation linked together by more reliable ties than the coercion offered by the state. Comparatively on the contrary, most countries in the world today are comprised of diverse nationalities, each with its unique set of norms and values, which often come into conflict with others. As such, the task of nation building is in uniting these diverse cultural groups into a united nation state and various human elements that make up its geopolitical zone. The most outstanding impediment to achieving this task is unemployment. Unemployment is like a peril against the nation building. Unemployment is an obstacle for growth of a nation. Often it is said that the wise see obstacles as stepping-stones to advance further. The pangs of unemployment impede nation building such that sometimes it takes very long time to do away with the problem. In recent times, there has been a revolutionary wind blowing across the world. This wind is bound to wake up nations leaders to sit up to their responsibility. Unemployment causes youth restiveness, brings leaders to their knees. It breeds problem. This work is intended to expose the pangs of unemployment and its impending peril to nation building. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pangs" title="pangs">pangs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unemployment" title=" unemployment"> unemployment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstacles" title=" obstacles"> obstacles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nation-building" title=" nation-building"> nation-building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39638/the-pangs-of-unemployment-and-its-impediment-to-nation-building" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20gas%20welding&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20gas%20welding&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20gas%20welding&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20gas%20welding&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20gas%20welding&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20gas%20welding&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20gas%20welding&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">7</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20gas%20welding&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20gas%20welding&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20gas%20welding&page=8" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>