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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pop music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pop_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_of_Enlightment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_of_Enlightment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Music of Enlightment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_of_Enlightment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folk_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Folk music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folk_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Instruments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Active_musical_groups_and_ensembles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Active_musical_groups_and_ensembles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Active musical groups and ensembles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Active_musical_groups_and_ensembles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Active musical groups and ensembles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Active_musical_groups_and_ensembles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civilian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civilian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Civilian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civilian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Foreign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>The <b>music of North Korea</b> includes a wide array of folk, popular, light instrumental, political, and classical performers. Beyond patriotic and political music, popular music groups like <a href="/wiki/Pochonbo_Electronic_Ensemble" title="Pochonbo Electronic Ensemble">Pochonbo Electronic Ensemble</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moranbong_Band" title="Moranbong Band">Moranbong Band</a> perform songs about everyday life in the DPRK and modern light pop reinterpretations of classic Korean folk music. Music education is widely taught in schools, with President <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a> first implementing a program of study of musical instruments in 1949 at an orphanage in <a href="/wiki/Mangyongdae" title="Mangyongdae">Mangyongdae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Musical diplomacy also continues to be relevant to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, with musical and cultural delegations completing concerts in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in recent years, and musicians from Western countries and South Korea collaborate on projects in the DPRK.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taejung_kayo"><i>Taejung kayo</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taejung kayo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">division of Korea</a> in 1945 and the establishment of North Korea in 1948, revolutionary song-writing traditions were channeled into support for the state, eventually becoming a style of patriotic song called <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taejung_kayo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taejung kayo (page does not exist)">taejung kayo</a></i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">대중가요</span></span>) in the 1980s<sup id="cite_ref-iias_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iias-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> combining classical Western symphonic music, the Soviet socialist realism style, and Korean traditional musical forms.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The songs are generally sung by female and male performers - either a choir, small groups or a soloist - with accompanying bands or choirs accompanied by a large orchestra (either Western style or a hybrid of western and traditional) or a <a href="/wiki/Concert_band" title="Concert band">concert band</a>, and in recent years, a pop band or big band/jazz band with guitars, electric guitars, keyboards, strings, a drum kit and brass section with occasional accordions and traditional instrumentation. </p><p>North Korean music follows the principles of <a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a> (self-reliance) ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The characteristic march like, upbeat music of North Korea is carefully composed, rarely individually performed, and its lyrics and imagery have a clear optimistic content. </p><p>Much music is composed for movies, television dramas, and TV movies, and the works of the Korean composer <a href="/wiki/Isang_Yun" title="Isang Yun">Isang Yun</a> (1917–1995), who spent much of his life in Germany, are popular in North Korea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pop_music">Pop music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pop music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">DPRK-pop</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Samjiyon_Orchestra%27s_second_performance_in_Seoul,_February_11,_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Samjiyon_Orchestra%27s_second_performance_in_Seoul%2C_February_11%2C_2018.jpg/220px-Samjiyon_Orchestra%27s_second_performance_in_Seoul%2C_February_11%2C_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Samjiyon_Orchestra%27s_second_performance_in_Seoul%2C_February_11%2C_2018.jpg/330px-Samjiyon_Orchestra%27s_second_performance_in_Seoul%2C_February_11%2C_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Samjiyon_Orchestra%27s_second_performance_in_Seoul%2C_February_11%2C_2018.jpg/440px-Samjiyon_Orchestra%27s_second_performance_in_Seoul%2C_February_11%2C_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="659" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Samjiyon_Band" title="Samjiyon Band">Samjiyon Band</a>, a DPRK-pop music ensemble, performance in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> on February 11, 2018.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="nickname">조선-팝</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Etymology</th><td class="infobox-data">Democratic People's Republic of Korea's popular music</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">North Korean popular music (NK-pop)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean music">Korean music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_folk_music" title="Contemporary folk music">folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scene_at_the_Pyongyang_Opera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Scene_at_the_Pyongyang_Opera.jpg/220px-Scene_at_the_Pyongyang_Opera.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Scene_at_the_Pyongyang_Opera.jpg/330px-Scene_at_the_Pyongyang_Opera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Scene_at_the_Pyongyang_Opera.jpg/440px-Scene_at_the_Pyongyang_Opera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Performance at a Pyongyang opera</figcaption></figure> <p>Under Kim Il Sung's era, only ideologically correct music was allowed. <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> in particular was considered out of bounds.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many artists however found their way around these limitations by writing ideologically correct lyrics while taking liberties with the score. Under Kim Jong Il, previously forbidden genres, even jazz, became permissible and encouraged.<sup id="cite_ref-webc_Theg_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webc_Theg-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, a <a href="/wiki/Brutal_death_metal" title="Brutal death metal">brutal death metal</a> group purporting to be from North Korea, called Red War (붉은전쟁), released a three-track demo online. However, as of 2014 the group are believed to be disbanded.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The metal music archive Spirit of Metal currently lists two bands that claim to originate from North Korea, Red War and the <a href="/wiki/Pornogrind" title="Pornogrind">pornogrind</a> band Teagirl.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many North Korean pop songs are usually performed by a young female singer with an electric ensemble, percussionist, and accompanying singers and dancers, today there's even male singers or a chorus in community or company pop bands. Some North Korean pop songs such as "<a href="/wiki/Whistle_(North_Korean_song)" title="Whistle (North Korean song)">Whistle</a>"—set to the lyrics of North Korean poet <a href="/wiki/Cho_Ki-chon" title="Cho Ki-chon">Cho Ki-chon</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—have become popular in South Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common lyrical themes include military might ("We Shall Hold Bayonets More Firmly", "Look At Us!", "One Against a Hundred"), economic production and thrift ("The Joy of Bumper Harvest Overflows Amidst the Song of Mechanisation", "Attain the Cutting Edge (The <a href="/wiki/Numerical_control" title="Numerical control">CNC</a> Song)", "I Also Raise Chickens", "Potato Pride", "<a href="/wiki/Chollima" class="mw-redirect" title="Chollima">Chollima</a> on the Wing"), patriotism ("My Country Is the Best", "We Have Nothing To Envy", "<a href="/wiki/Onwards_Toward_the_Final_Victory" title="Onwards Toward the Final Victory">Onwards Toward the Final Victory</a>") and glorification of the party and leaders ("<a href="/wiki/Where_Are_You,_Dear_General%3F" title="Where Are You, Dear General?">Where Are You, Dear General?</a>", "No Motherland Without You", "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Ask_My_Name" title="Don't Ask My Name">Don't Ask My Name</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_General_Uses_Warp" title="The General Uses Warp">The General Uses Warp</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Footsteps_(Ri_Jong-o_song)" title="Footsteps (Ri Jong-o song)">Footsteps</a>"). Songs like "We Are One" and "Reunification Rainbow" sing of the hopes for <a href="/wiki/Korean_reunification" title="Korean reunification">Korean reunification</a>. There are also songs with more casual themes, such as "Women Are Flowers" and "Ballad of Gold Mountains".<sup id="cite_ref-roughguide_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roughguide-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2000a_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000a-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, North Korea's first major girl band, the <a href="/wiki/Moranbong_Band" title="Moranbong Band">Moranbong Band</a>, made its world debut.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a group of about sixteen North Korean women (eleven instrumentalists and five singers) which was hand-selected by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>BBC radio disc jockey <a href="/wiki/Andy_Kershaw" title="Andy Kershaw">Andy Kershaw</a> noted, on a visit to North Korea with <a href="/wiki/Koryo_Tours" title="Koryo Tours">Koryo Tours</a> in 2003, that the only recordings available were by the pop singers <a href="/wiki/Jon_Hye-yong" title="Jon Hye-yong">Jon Hye-yong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Kwang-suk" title="Kim Kwang-suk">Kim Kwang-suk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo_Kum-hwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jo Kum-hwa (page does not exist)">Jo Kum-hwa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ri_Pun-hui" class="mw-redirect" title="Ri Pun-hui">Ri Pun-hui</a>, and the groups <a href="/wiki/Wangjaesan_Light_Music_Band" title="Wangjaesan Light Music Band">Wangjaesan Light Music Band</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mansudae_Art_Troupe" title="Mansudae Art Troupe">Mansudae Art Troupe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pochonbo_Electronic_Ensemble" title="Pochonbo Electronic Ensemble">Pochonbo Electronic Ensemble</a>, who play in a style Kershaw refers to as "light instrumental with popular vocal".<sup id="cite_ref-roughguide_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roughguide-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also the <a href="/wiki/State_Symphony_Orchestra_of_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea" title="State Symphony Orchestra of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea">State Symphony Orchestra</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_of_Blood_Opera_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sea of Blood Opera Company (page does not exist)">Sea of Blood Opera Company</a>, two choruses, an orchestra and an ensemble dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Isang_Yun" title="Isang Yun">Isang Yun</a>'s compositions, all in Pyongyang. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyongyang_Film_Studios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyongyang Film Studios (page does not exist)">Pyongyang Film Studios</a> also produces many instrumental songs for its films, and several programs on <a href="/wiki/Korean_Central_Television" title="Korean Central Television">Korean Central Television</a> have music made and performed by the Central Radio and Television Orchestra.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North Korean <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop music</a> is available for visitors to <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Koryo_Hotel" title="Koryo Hotel">Koryo Hotel</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_One_Department_Store&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Number One Department Store (page does not exist)">Number One Department Store</a>, as well as gift shops in tourist destinations.<sup id="cite_ref-2000a_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000a-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International and Western music can be enjoyed by locals and tourists at the <a href="/wiki/Grand_People%27s_Study_House" title="Grand People's Study House">Grand People's Study House</a>, Pyongyang's central library.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music_of_Enlightment">Music of Enlightment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Music of Enlightment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A lot of songs composed during <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea under Japanese rule</a>, which are known in South Korea today as <a href="/wiki/Trot_(music)" title="Trot (music)">Trot</a> are called "<a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Enlightenment Period</a> song" (계몽기 가요).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is no longer composed as <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_through_media" title="Propaganda through media">propaganda music</a> has since displaced other musical forms.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those songs were only orally-recorded for a long time. However, it was intentionally revived during the <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Il" title="Kim Jong Il">Kim Jong Il</a> administration: in the late 2000s, <a href="/wiki/Korean_Central_Television" title="Korean Central Television">Korean Central Television</a> aired a TV program that introduced those "Enlightenment songs".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Folk_music">Folk music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Folk music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drumming_children.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Drumming_children.jpg/300px-Drumming_children.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Drumming_children.jpg/450px-Drumming_children.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Drumming_children.jpg/600px-Drumming_children.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2901" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption>North Korean children performing for tourists at Chonsam Cooperative Farm near <a href="/wiki/Wonsan" title="Wonsan">Wonsan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Alongside contemporary pop songs, groups like Pochonbo Electronic Ensemble have recorded arrangements of Korean folk songs.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Korean folk song "<a href="/wiki/Arirang" title="Arirang">Arirang</a>" continues to be widely popular in the DPRK, with <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> inscribing the song to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2014, representing the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like <a href="/wiki/Korean_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean music">Korean music</a> in general, North Korean music includes kinds of both folk and classical, courtly music, including genres like <a href="/wiki/Sanjo_(music)" title="Sanjo (music)">sanjo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori">pansori</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nongak" class="mw-redirect" title="Nongak">nongak</a>. Pansori is long vocal and percussive music played by one singer and one drummer. The lyrics tell one of five different stories, but is individualized by each performer, often with updated jokes and audience participation. Nongak is a rural form of percussion music, typically played by twenty to thirty performers. Sanjo is entirely instrumental that shifts rhythms and melodic modes during the song. Instruments include the <a href="/wiki/Janggu" title="Janggu">changgo</a> drum set against a melodic instrument, such as the <a href="/wiki/Gayageum" title="Gayageum">gayageum</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ajaeng" title="Ajaeng">ajaeng</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-roughguide_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roughguide-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instruments">Instruments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In North Korea, traditional instruments have been adapted in order to allow them to compete with Western instruments. Many older musical forms remain and are used in both traditional performances that have been attuned to the ideas and the way of life of the modern North Korean communist state and to accompany modern songs in praise of Kim Il Sung, his son and successor, Kim Jong Il, and Kim Jong Un from 2012 onward, plus songs that wish for a reunited Korea, thus creating a mix of traditional and Western music that is truly North Korean, a unique variant of Korean music as a whole mixing the old and the new. </p><p>The modern Ongnyugeum zithers and the <a href="/wiki/Sohaegeum" title="Sohaegeum">Sohaegeum</a> four stringed fiddle are North Korean modernized versions of traditional Korean musical instruments, both used in traditional and modern musical forms. </p><p>Military music, in contrast, often makes extensive use of Western brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments, often omitting the Korean ones entirely. Although usually original compositions, the melodies are not easily distinguishable from Western ones in the absence of their lyrics, which heavily feature the customary ideologically oriented content. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Active_musical_groups_and_ensembles">Active musical groups and ensembles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Active musical groups and ensembles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Korean_musicians" title="List of North Korean musicians">List of North Korean musicians</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Song_and_Dance_Ensemble_of_the_Korean_People%27s_Army&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Song and Dance Ensemble of the Korean People's Army (page does not exist)">Song and Dance Ensemble of the Korean People's Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army_State_Merited_Chorus_and_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Korean People's Army State Merited Chorus and Symphony Orchestra">Korean People's Army State Merited Chorus and Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Song_and_Dance_Ensemble_of_the_Korean_People%27s_Navy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Song and Dance Ensemble of the Korean People's Navy (page does not exist)">Song and Dance Ensemble of the Korean People's Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Song_and_Dance_Ensemble_of_the_Korean_People%27s_Air_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Song and Dance Ensemble of the Korean People's Air Force (page does not exist)">Song and Dance Ensemble of the Korean People's Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Song_and_Dance_Ensemble_of_the_Ministry_of_People%27s_Security_of_the_DPRK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Song and Dance Ensemble of the Ministry of People's Security of the DPRK (page does not exist)">Song and Dance Ensemble of the Ministry of People's Security of the DPRK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Band_of_the_Korean_People%27s_Army" title="Central Military Band of the Korean People's Army">Central Military Band of the Korean People's Army</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%27s_Military_Marching_Band_of_the_Department_of_People%27s_Security_of_the_DPRK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Women's Military Marching Band of the Department of People's Security of the DPRK (page does not exist)">Women's Military Marching Band of the Department of People's Security of the DPRK</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civilian">Civilian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Civilian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unhasu_Orchestra" title="Unhasu Orchestra">Unhasu National Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Symphony_Orchestra_of_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea" title="State Symphony Orchestra of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea">State Symphony Orchestra of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isang_Yun_Orchestra" title="Isang Yun Orchestra">Isang Yun Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_Orchestra_of_the_State_Affairs_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symphony Orchestra of the State Affairs Commission (page does not exist)">Symphony Orchestra of the State Affairs Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pochonbo_Electronic_Ensemble" title="Pochonbo Electronic Ensemble">Pochonbo Electronic Ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangjaesan_Light_Music_Band" title="Wangjaesan Light Music Band">Wangjaesan Light Music Band</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wangjaesan_Dance_Troupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wangjaesan Dance Troupe (page does not exist)">Wangjaesan Dance Troupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moranbong_Band" title="Moranbong Band">Moranbong Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongbong_Band" title="Chongbong Band">Chongbong Band</a><sup id="cite_ref-app._N.Ko_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-app._N.Ko-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Musical groups under the <a href="/wiki/Mansudae_Art_Troupe" title="Mansudae Art Troupe">Mansudae Art Troupe</a> (MAT) <ul><li>MAT <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merited_Women%27s_Instrumental_Ensemble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merited Women's Instrumental Ensemble (page does not exist)">Merited Women's Instrumental Ensemble</a><sup id="cite_ref-naen_Naen_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naen_Naen-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>MAT <a href="/wiki/Samjiyon_Band" title="Samjiyon Band">Samjiyon Band</a><sup id="cite_ref-naen_Naen_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naen_Naen-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samjiyon_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Samjiyon Orchestra">Samjiyon Orchestra</a><sup id="cite_ref-dail_Whyi_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dail_Whyi-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>MAT <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansudae_Art_Troupe_Chorus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mansudae Art Troupe Chorus (page does not exist)">Chorus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyongyang_Philharmonic_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyongyang Philharmonic Orchestra (page does not exist)">Pyongyang Philharmonic Orchestra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Radio_and_Television_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Radio and Television Orchestra (page does not exist)">National Philharmonic Orchestra of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Folk_Art_Troupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Folk Art Troupe (page does not exist)">National Folk Art Troupe</a><sup id="cite_ref-engl_DPRK_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-engl_DPRK-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyongyang_Film_Studios_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyongyang Film Studios Orchestra (page does not exist)">Pyongyang Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phibada_Opera_Troupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phibada Opera Troupe (page does not exist)">Phibada Opera Troupe</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_Orchestra_of_the_Pyongyang_Children%27s_Palace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symphony Orchestra of the Pyongyang Children's Palace (page does not exist)">State Youth Orchestra of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Il-Sung_University_Orchestra_and_Youth_Chorale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim Il-Sung University Orchestra and Youth Chorale (page does not exist)">Kim Il-sung Youth Philharmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KCBS-KCTV_Central_Radio_and_Television_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KCBS-KCTV Central Radio and Television Orchestra (page does not exist)">KCBS-KCTV Central Radio and Television Orchestra</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign">Foreign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Foreign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military-First_Girls" title="Military-First Girls">Military-First Girls</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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revolutionary opera">Korean revolutionary opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Korean_musicians" title="List of North Korean musicians">List of North Korean musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Korean_operas" title="List of North Korean operas">List of North Korean operas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_music_of_Korea" title="Traditional music of Korea">Traditional music of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Korea" title="Music of South Korea">Music of South Korea</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCathcart2008" class="citation journal cs1">Cathcart, Adam (2008-09-01). "Song of Youth: North Korean Music from Liberation to War". <i>North Korean Review</i>. <b>4</b> (2): 99–100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3172%2Fnkr.4.2.93">10.3172/nkr.4.2.93</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1551-2789">1551-2789</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+Korean+Review&rft.atitle=Song+of+Youth%3A+North+Korean+Music+from+Liberation+to+War&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=99-100&rft.date=2008-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3172%2Fnkr.4.2.93&rft.issn=1551-2789&rft.aulast=Cathcart&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nknews.org/2019/01/music-diplomacy-and-dictatorship-north-korean-concerts-in-beijing/">"Music, diplomacy, and dictatorship: North Korean concerts in Beijing | NK News – North Korea News"</a>. 2019-01-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iias.nl/iiasn/26/theme/26T1.html">the original</a> on July 9, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IIAS+Newsletter+Online&rft.atitle=Pop+music+of+Asia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iias.nl%2Fiiasn%2F26%2Ftheme%2F26T1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YG2AFyFppJQC&pg=PA929"><i>World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia</i></a>. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. 2007. p. 929. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761476313" title="Special:BookSources/9780761476313"><bdi>9780761476313</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+and+Its+Peoples%3A+Eastern+and+Southern+Asia&rft.pages=929&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+Corporation&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780761476313&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYG2AFyFppJQC%26pg%3DPA929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210616164956/https://korea.fas.harvard.edu/event/songs-%25E2%2580%2598great-leaders%25E2%2580%2599-ideology-and-political-agitation-music-north-korea">"Songs for the 'Great Leaders': Ideology and Political Agitation in the Music of North Korea"</a>. <i>korea.fas.harvard.edu</i>. 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Retrieved May 23, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spirit-of-metal.com/en/bands/North-Korea/1">North Korea: Band List</a> Spirit of Metal. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabroussenko2005" class="citation journal cs1">Gabroussenko, Tatiana (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0005">"Cho Ki-ch'ŏn: The Person Behind the Myths"</a>. <i>Korean Studies</i>. <b>29</b>: 79. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0005">10.1353/ks.2006.0005</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Korean+Studies&rft.atitle=Cho+Ki-ch%27%C5%8Fn%3A+The+Person+Behind+the+Myths&rft.volume=29&rft.pages=79&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fks.2006.0005&rft.aulast=Gabroussenko&rft.aufirst=Tatiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1353%252Fks.2006.0005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChun_Su-jin2002" class="citation news cs1">Chun Su-jin (6 October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=1909436">"Attention! Military more receptive to filmmakers"</a>. <i>Korea Joongang Daily</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Korea+Joongang+Daily&rft.atitle=Attention%21+Military+more+receptive+to+filmmakers&rft.date=2002-10-06&rft.au=Chun+Su-jin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjoongangdaily.joins.com%2Farticle%2Fview.asp%3Faid%3D1909436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roughguide-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-roughguide_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roughguide_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roughguide_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Provine, Rob, Hwang, Okon and Kershaw, Andy. "Our Life Is Precisely a Song". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), <i>World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific</i>, pp 160–169. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85828-636-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85828-636-0">1-85828-636-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2000a-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2000a_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2000a_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroughtonEllinghamMcConnachieDuane2000" class="citation book cs1">Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark; McConnachie, James; Duane, Orla (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QzX8THIgRjUC&pg=PA167"><i>World Music: Latin and North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific, Volume 2</i></a> (New ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2015</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Potato Pride" is a North Korean propaganda tune in which the elder of the village receives his government ration of potatoes and shares it with his fellow villagers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=allaroundthisworld.com&rft.atitle=Oh+Potatoes%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaroundthisworld.com%2Flisten%2Feast-and-southeast-asia-2%2Foh-oh-oh-oh-potatoes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_Boehler2013" class="citation news cs1">Patrick Boehler (6 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1275185/moranbong-style-north-koreas-first-girl-band-may-be-sign-change">"Moranbong style: North Korea's first girl band may be a sign of change"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Moranbong+style%3A+North+Korea%27s+first+girl+band+may+be+a+sign+of+change&rft.date=2013-07-06&rft.au=Patrick+Boehler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fasia%2Farticle%2F1275185%2Fmoranbong-style-north-koreas-first-girl-band-may-be-sign-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeth_Stebner2013" class="citation news cs1">Beth Stebner (29 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/north-korea-pop-sensation-group-moranbong-music-group-article-1.1357928">"North Korea's five-part girl band, formed by Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un, blast out hits like 'Let's Study!' and 'Our Dear Leader!'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://app.yonhapnews.co.kr/YNA/Basic/ForeignGallery/view.aspx?lang=EN&contents_id=PYH20150902105900341">the original</a> on 30 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yonhap&rft.atitle=N.+Korea%27s+all-female+band+unveiled+in+Moscow&rft.date=2015-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapp.yonhapnews.co.kr%2FYNA%2FBasic%2FForeignGallery%2Fview.aspx%3Flang%3DEN%26contents_id%3DPYH20150902105900341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-naen_Naen-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-naen_Naen_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-naen_Naen_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://naenara.com.kp/en/society/?literary+1+91">"Samjiyon Band"</a>. <i>Naenara</i>. Foreign Languages Publishing House. 16 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naenara&rft.atitle=Samjiyon+Band&rft.date=2013-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnaenara.com.kp%2Fen%2Fsociety%2F%3Fliterary%2B1%2B91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dail_Whyi-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dail_Whyi_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHa_Yoon_Ah2018" class="citation web cs1">Ha Yoon Ah (18 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk00400&num=14954">"Why is North Korea sending the Samjiyon Orchestra to the Olympics?"</a>. <i>Daily NK</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+NK&rft.atitle=Why+is+North+Korea+sending+the+Samjiyon+Orchestra+to+the+Olympics%3F&rft.date=2018-01-18&rft.au=Ha+Yoon+Ah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailynk.com%2Fenglish%2Fread.php%3FcataId%3Dnk00400%26num%3D14954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-engl_DPRK-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-engl_DPRK_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhang_Jingya2013" class="citation web cs1">Zhang Jingya, ed. (2013-01-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150523093006/http://english.cntv.cn/program/cultureexpress/20130127/101306.shtml">"DPRK national folk art shines in South China"</a>. <i>english.cntv.cn</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.cntv.cn/program/cultureexpress/20130127/101306.shtml">the original</a> on 2015-05-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.cntv.cn&rft.atitle=DPRK+national+folk+art+shines+in+South+China&rft.date=2013-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.cntv.cn%2Fprogram%2Fcultureexpress%2F20130127%2F101306.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2013/201301/news07/20130107-14ee.html">Stage Art of DPRK Improved in 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130121131625/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2013/201301/news07/20130107-14ee.html">Archived</a> 2013-01-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward2020" class="citation book cs1">Howard, Keith (2020). <i>Songs for 'Great Leaders': Ideology and Creativity in North Korean Music and Dance</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-007751-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-007751-8"><bdi>978-0-19-007751-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Songs+for+%27Great+Leaders%27%3A+Ideology+and+Creativity+in+North+Korean+Music+and+Dance&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-19-007751-8&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.korean-books.com.kp/en/packages/xnps/download.pg.php?504#.pdf"><i>Korean Songs</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. 2018. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9946-0-1776-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-9946-0-1776-1"><bdi>978-9946-0-1776-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Korean+Songs&rft.place=Pyongyang&rft.pub=Foreign+Languages+Publishing+House&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-9946-0-1776-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.korean-books.com.kp%2Fen%2Fpackages%2Fxnps%2Fdownload.pg.php%3F504%23.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p005y2pj">BBC Radio 3 Audio (75 minutes): Kershaw in North Korea, part 1.</a> Accessed November 25, 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p005y2pm">BBC Radio 3 Audio (90 minutes): Kershaw in North Korea, part 2.</a> Accessed November 25, 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721160949/http://www.big.or.jp/~jrldr/w/ig11.html">Kim Jong-il Janggunui Norae</a> – example of North Korean Music, with lyrics (in <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Mp3" class="mw-redirect" title="Mp3">mp3</a> recordings: (External; licensed for non-commercial use.)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dIJmwzW37k"><span class="plainlinks">Concert of the Korean People's Army Military Band</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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(country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_India" title="Music of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia" title="Music of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iran" title="Music of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iraq" title="Music of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Israel" title="Music of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Japan" title="Music of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jordan" title="Music of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kazakhstan" title="Music of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Korea" title="Music of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kuwait" title="Music of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Music of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Laos" title="Music of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lebanon" title="Music of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malaysia" title="Music of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Maldives" title="Music of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mongolia" title="Music of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Myanmar" title="Music of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nepal" title="Music of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Oman" title="Music of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Pakistan" title="Music of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Music of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Qatar" title="Music of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Russia" title="Music of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Music of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> 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